RURAL AREA

LIBRARY STUDYTHE PLACE WHERE WE CAN SMELL THE LAND WHERE TRADITIONS STILL PREVAIL IN AIR

OUR VILLAGES ARE NOT PROPERLY MAINTAINED THEY ARE NOT AWARE OF WHAT IS HAPPENING AROUND THE WORLD AND EVEN IN THE CITIES AROUND THEM. WHAT MAKES THE CITY GENERATION TO HATE VILLAGES IS THEIR EXTREME DEPENDENCY ON CULTURE. THEIR BELIEFS ARE TOO OLD FOR THE PRESENT

GENERATION CULTURE. THEY WANT THEIR CHILDREN TO STUDY. BUT DO NOT POSSESS THE PROPER FACILITIES FOR THEIR HIGHER EDUCATION. THEIR JOB OF

AGRICULTURE MAY NOT YIELD THEM MONEY THAT IS ENOUGH FOR THEIR LIVELIHOOD

RURAL AREAS ARE THE BIGGEST SUPPORT OF INDIA, FROM THE PAST TO FUTURE. THEY ARE THE ONE, WITH WHICH THE WORLD RECOGNIZES INDIA. THEY ARE THE ONE THAT DOES NOT DEPEND ON OTHER CITIES, BUT THE ENTIRE INDIA IS DEPENDENT ON THE RURAL AREAS. THEY CONTRIBUTE TO OUR MODERN INDIA IN EVERY FIELDS FROM AGRICULTURE, ECONOMY, PRETTINESS OF OUR COUNTRY. HENCE SPITE OF ALL THE NEGATIVE FACTORS, THE POSITIVE NESS LEADS THE WAY. HENCE, WE CONCLUDE THAT VILLAGES ARE THE BIGGEST STRENGTH TO OUR INDIA.

WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS IN INDIAN RURAL AREAS?

SUBMITED TO AR.DEEPSHIKHA AND AR.SIDHART

SUBMITTED BY :CHITRESH,DEEPAK,DHAIRYA AND JAI

• RURAL AREAS… URBAN AREAS…• A RURAL AREA OR CONTRYSIDE IS A GEOGEAPHICAL AREA AN URBAN AREA IS A LOCATION

CHARACTERISED BY HIGH• THAT IS LOCATED OUTSIDE TOWNS AND CITIES. TYPICAL HUMAN POPULATION DENSITYAND

VAST HUMAN BUILT • AREAS HAVE A LOW POPULATION DENSITY AND SMALL FEATURES IN COMPARISION TO THE

AREAS SURROUNDING IT• SETTLEMENTS. FOR THE CENSUS OF INDIA

2011, THE DEFINATION OF • IN INDIA, THE NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY ORGANISATION URBAN IS • (NSSO) DEFINES RURAL AS : ALL PLACES WITH

MUNCIPALITY, CORPORATION, • : AN AREA WITH A POPULATION DENSITY UPTO 400 / KM CANTONMENT BOARD OR NOTIFIED

TOWN AREA , ETC.• : VILLAGES WITH CLEAR SURVEY BOUNDARIES BUT NO : ALL OTHER PLACES WHICH

SATIISFIED FOLLOWING CRITERIA• MUNICIPAL BOARD. 1. A MINIMUM POPULATION OF

5000• : A MINIMUM OF 75% OF MALE WORKING POPULATION 2. ATLEAST 75% OF THE MALE MAIN

WORKING POPULATION • INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES. ENGAGED IN NON AGRICULTURAL

WORK.• 3. A DENSITY OF POPULATION

OF ATLEAST 400 PERSONS/SQM

• COMPARISION BETWEEN RURAL AREAS AND URBAN AREAS• 1) THE POPULATION IN RURAL AREAS IS LOW, PEOPLE ARE MORE ILLETRATE• A) THE POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS IS HGH, PEOPLE ARE MORE LITERATE• 2.) AGRICULTURAL PRACTICIES AND UNSKILLED LABOUR ARE THE MAIN OCCUPATION HERE• B) SERVICE CLASS AND BUSINESS ARE THE MAIN OCCUPATION HERE• 3) THE GOVERNMENT SERVICES HERE MAY BE DISTANT, LIMITED IN SCOPE OR UNAVAILABLE• C) URBAN AREAS ARE EQIPPED WITH ALL THE SERVICES• 4) THE STANDARD OF LIVING HERE IS VERY LOW, PEOPLE STILL ARE IN THEIR TRADITIONAL WAY• D) THE STANDARD OF LIVING HERE IS VERY HIGH, PEOPLE ARE ADOPTING NEW TECHNOLOGIES• 5) THEY HAVE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE• E) THE ARE ADOPTING MORDERN ARCHITECTURE• 6) THE DEVELOPMENT IS VERY LESS, INCOME LEVEL HERE IS NOT FIXED• F) MORE DEVELOPMENT IS SEEN HERE, INCOME LEVEL HERE IS FIXED• 7) PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN RURAL AREAS ARE SOMETIMES ABSENT OR VERY LIMITED• G) URBAN AREAS HAVE 365 DAYS PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES

• SIMILARITIES IN RURAL AND URBAN• 1) POVERTY CONTINUE TO EXIST IN BOTH RURAL ANJD URBAN AREAS• 2) SOME COMMON JOBS CONTINUE TO EXIST IN BOTH RURAL AND URBAN LIIKE TEACHERS, BARBERS, SHOPKEEPERS, THOUGH• SCALE OF OPERATION MAY DIFFER• 3) DAILY WAGE LABORERS EXIST IN RURAL AREAS WHO MAY BE EMPLOYED IN FARMS AND IN URBAN AREAS THEY ARE IN FACTORIES• 4) BOTH RURAL AND URBAN AREAS WILL HAVE DEPENDENT POPULATION THAT IS ELDERLY POPULATION AND CHILDREN

INTODUCTION

RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

RURAL AREA

•

• EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES ON RURAL AREAS

• ZONE 1 ZON E 4• CLIMATIC ZONE – MONTANE CLIMATIC ZONE – TROPICAL WET• DUE TO THE LARGE MOUNTAINS AND RIVERS, THE AREAS IN IT IS CHARACTERISED BY THE HIGH TEMP THROUGHOUT THE • THIS ZONE ARE HIGHLY INACCESSIBLE DUE TO WHICH YEAR. THE RAINFALL IS SEASONAL AND RECEIVED IN THE PERIOD• ITS CONNECTIVITY FROM THE OUTER WORLD IS LESS, OF MAY TO DECEMBER.. PEROPLE IN THESE AREAS ARE • WHICH IS BEING FACED BY THE PEOPLE LIVING THERE BENEFITED BECAUSE OF TROPICAL CLIMATE THEY CAN GROW• IN ALL THE ASPECTS,.ELECTRICITY, WATER, SERVICES AMPLE VEGETATION THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.AS EVERGREEN • ARE LESS PROCESSED IN THESE AREAS WHICH THEREFORE FORESTS LIE UNDER THIS REGION WITH MANY ANIMAL SPECIES,• AFFECTS THEIR INCOME AND INFRASTRUCTURE. PEOPLE HERE HAVE ADAPTED THIS AND BECAUSE OF THIS HEAVY• RAINFALL AND FORESTS THEY ARE UNABLE TO DEVELOP FURTHER

• ZONE 2• CLIMATIC ZONE – HUMID SUBTROPICAL ZONE 5• IN HUMID SUBTROPICAL, THE RAINFALL IS RECEIVED CLIMATIC ZONE – SEMI ARID • MOSTLY IN SUMMERS AND THE TEMPERATURE REACHES THIS AREA RECIEVES MINIMAL RAINFALL AS BEING SITUATED• UPTO 46’C.WINTER MONTHS ARE MOSTLY DRY.THE AREAS IN THE RAINSHADOW AREA.THE COLDEST MONTH IS DECEMBER• HERE FACE BLOCKAGES IN STREETS AND OVERFLOW DUE WITH TEMP BETWEEN 20’C TO 24’C. SUMMERS ARE VERY HOT .• TO THE POOR DRAINAGE AND DIFFERENCE IN RAINFALL DUE TO THESE TYPE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS PEOPLE HERE IN• BETWEEN EAST AND WEST GIVE RISE TO DIFFERNCE RURAL AREAS ARE UNABLE TO GROW VEGETATION WHICH BOUND• BETWEEN THE NATURAL VEGETATION. THEM TO WORK AS A DAILY WAGE LABOUR WHICH FURTHER • RESULTS IN LOW INCOME AND LESS DEVELOPMENT.

• ZONE 3• CLIMATIC ZONE – TROPICAL WET AND DRY ZONE - 6

• WINTERS AND EARLY SUMMER ARE LONG DRY PERIOD WITH CLIMATIC ZONE - ARID• TEMP ABOVE 18’C.SUMMERS ARE VERY HOT AND TEMP GOES THE RAINFALL IS IRRATIC HERE AND FEW REGIONS MIGHT NOT • ABOVE 45’C AND THE RAINY SEASON IS FOR 4 TO 5 MONTHS. SEE RAINFALL FOR COUPLE OF YEARS.SUMMERS HERE ARE• RURAL AREAS HERE HAVE TO FACE THE SUDDEN CHANGES ARE EXTREMELY HOT WITH THE TEMP RISING UPTO 50’C. DURING• IN TEMP. THESE CHANGES DESTROYS THE VEGETATION AS WINTERS THE TEMP DROPS BELOW FREEZING POINT.THE RURAL• WELL AS STOP LETTING THE PEOPLE THINK FOR FURTHER COMMUNITIES HERE HAVE NO PERMANENT SHELTER AND HENCE• DEVELOPMENT NOT VERY MUCH CONCERNED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT INDIA CLIMATIC ZONES

CONNECTIVITY

• RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA

• : COMPACT SETTLEMENTS : HAMLETED SETTLEMENTS• 1) IF THE NUMBER OF VILLAGES EQUALS THE NUMBER OF HAMLETS 1) IF THE NUMBER OF VILLAGES IS EQUAL TO HALFOF THE HAMLET

NO.• IN AN AREA UNIT, THE SETTLEMENT IS DESIGNATED AS COMPACT. IT IS A HAMLET SETTLEMENT.• 2) IN SUCH VILLAGES ALL THE DWELLINGS ARE CONCENTRATED IN 2) THE HAMLETS ARE SPREAD OVER THE AREA WITH INTERVEINING • ONE CENTRAL SIDE. FIELDS OR THE MAIN OR CENTRAL SETTLEMENT IS EITHER

ABSENT OR• 3)THE INHABITANTS OF THE VILLAGE LIVE TOGETRHER AND ENJOY HAS FEEBLE INFLUENCE ON THE OTHERS• THE BENEFITS OF THE COMMUNITY LIFE. 3) THE ORIGINAL SITE IS NOT EASILY DISTINGUISHABLE AND THE • 4) SUCH SETTLEMENTS RANGE FROM A CLUSTER OF ABOUT THIRTY MORPHOLOGICL DIVERSITY IS RARELY NOTICED.• TO HUNDRED OF DWELLINGS OF DIFFRNET FORMS, SIZES AND FUNCTIONS 4) SUCH SETTLEMENTS ARE FOUND IN WEST BENGAL, EASTERN

UTTAR • 5) SUCH SETTLMENTS ARE FOUND THROUGHOUT THE PLATEAU REGION OF PRADESH, MADHYA PRADESH AND COASTAL PLAINS.• MALWA, IN THE NARMADA VALLEY, LARGE PARTS OF RAJASTHAN.•

• SEMI – COMPACT SETTLEMENTS : DISPERSED SETTLEMENTS• 1) IF THE NUMBER OF VILLAGES EQUALS MORE THAN HALF 1) IF THE NUMBER OF VILLAGES IS EQUAL TO THE HALF OF NUMBER

OF• OF HAMLETS, IT IS SEMI COMPACT SETTLEMENT. HAMLETS. THE SETTLEMENT IS REGARDED AS DESPERSED.• 2) THESE ARE FOUND IN BOTH PLAINS AND PLATEAUES 2) THE INHABITANTS OF DISPERSED SETTLEMENTS LIVE IN ISOLATED • DEPENDING UPON THE ENVIRONMENTAL CODITIONS DWELLINGS SCATTERED IN THE CULTIVATED FEILDS• PREVALING THERE. 3) INDIVIDUALISM, SENTIMENTS OF LIVING FREELY, CUSTOM OF • 3) THE DWELLINGS IN SUCH SETTLEMENTS ARE NOT MARRIAGE RELATIONS ARE CONDUCTIVE TO SUCH SETTLEMENTS.• VRY CLOSE KNITTED AND ARE HUDDLED TOGERTHER 4) THESE ARE FOUND IN TRIBAL AREAS COVERING CENTRAL PARTS

OF• AT ONE COMMON SITE.  INDIA, EASTERN AND SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN, HIMALAYAN SLOPES.• 4) THE HAMLETS OCCUPY NEW SITES NEAR PERIPHERRY• OF THE VILLAGE BOUNDARY.• PHYSICAL CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN•

WATER SOURCES * HISTORY HAVE PROOVED THAT CIVILIZATIONS HAS ALWAYS GREW UP NEAR THE WATER BODIES

, PROVEING THE IMPOTANCE OF WATER * WATER SOURCES CAN BE BRODLY DEVIDED INTO TWO SECTIONS - SURFACE SOURCES - UNDERGROUND SOURCES * SURFACE SOURCES SUCH AS: -RIVER STREAMS : FLOWING WATER IS TERMED AS STREAMS,IN MOUNTAINIOUS REGIONS STREAMS ARE FORMED BY THE RUN OFF -LAKES : SOME PLACES NATURAL BASINS ARE FORMED WITH IMPERVIOUS BEDS.WATER FROM SPRINGS AND STREAMS GENRALLY FLOWS TOWARDS THESE BASINS AND ‘LAKES ‘ ARE FORMED. -PONDS (POKAHR) : THESE ARE DEPRESSIONS IN PLAINS LIKE LAKES OF MOUNTAINS,IN WHICH WATER IS COLLECTED DURING RAINY SEASONS. SOMETIME MUCH EXCAVATION IS DONE FOR CONSTRUCTIING KACCHA HOUSES IN VILLAGES RESULTIJNG IN POND FORMATION -IMPONDED RESERVIORS:RESERVIORS ARE MADE SO THAT WATER CAN BE STORED IN REVERS

TO MEAT WATER DEMANDS IN SUMMER SEASON * UNDER GROUND SOURCES -SPRINGS :SOME TIMES GROUND WATER REAPPEARS AT THE GROUND SURFACES IN THE FORM OF SPRINGS -WELLS :THESE ARE SHALLOW WELLS WHICH ARE USUALLY CONFINED TO SOFT GROUND , SAND

AND GRAVEL.THE DIAMETER OF THESE WELLS MAY BE UPTO 20 M DEPENDING ON THE REQIREMENTS AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTRURE OF THE EARTH -INFILTRATION GALLERIES:MANY ATIMES GROUND WATER TRAVELS TOWARDS LAKES ,REVERS OR STREAMS.THIS WATER IS TREVELLING CAN BE INTERCEPTED BY DIGGING A TRENCH OR BY CONSTRUCTING A TUNNEL WITH HOLES ON SIDES AT RIGHT ANGLE TO THE DIRECTION OF UNDER GROUND WATER

SOURCE:WARTER SUPPLY AND SANITARY ENGINEERING

ESTIMATED WATER REQUIREMENTS AND OTHER RELEVANT FACTORS

* THE CAPACITY OF EACH WATEERR TAP IS 101/MIN, AND HENCE THE TOTAL QUALITY IN LETERS CAN BE WORKED OUT THROUGH RATE FACTOR OF 10LIT/MIN * STREET TAPS PER CAPITA DEMAND MAY BE TAKEN AS18LIT/PERSON/DAY * HOUSES TAPS AVERAGE PER CAPITA DEMAND MAY BE TAKEN AS 45LIT/CAPITA/DAY *IF HOUSER IS PROVIDED WITH FLUSH SYSTEM THEN PER CAPITA WATER

DEMANDS MAY BE TAKEN AS 225L/C/D * FOR SCHOOLOR HOSPITALS 45L/C/D * LOSS THROUGH FAULTY JOINTS AND CARE LESS HANDLING OFTAPS CANBE TAKEN AS 25% SOURCE:WARTER SUPPLY AND SANITARY

ENGINEERING

RURAL POPULATION IN INDIA *RUARAL POPULATION IN INDIAWAS LAST MEASURED AT 67.63 IN 2014, ACCORDING TO THE WORLD BANK *RURAL POPOLATIOL IS CACLULATED AS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOTAL POPULATION AND URBAN POPULATION SOURCE:TRADING ECONOMICS

WORLD BANK INDICATORS-INDIA-DENSITY & URBANIZATION 1990 2000 2010 2014POPULATION DENSITY(PEPOLE PER SQ. KM) 285.7 354.5 411.9 435.7IN INDIA

RURAL POPULATION IN INDIA 632888675.0 761968331.4 856005414.6 876057482RURAL POPULATION GROWTH 1.7% 1.4% 1.0% 0.7%RURAL POPULATION 74.5% 72.3% 69.9% 67.6%

SEX RATIO * THE RATIO OF COUNT OF FEMALES PER THOUSAND MALES ARE TERMED AS SEX

RATIO * STATES WHERE RURAL FEMALE SEX RATIO IS HIGHER THAN OR EQUAL TO MALE - KERELA-1077 - PUDUCHHERY UT-1029 - CHHATISGARH-1002 - UTTRAKHAND-1000

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN RURAL INDIA * THERE HAS BEEMN INC. IN CONSUPTION OF ELECTRICITY ACROSS ALL

INCOME GROUP. * HOUSEHOLDS BELONGING TO THE LOW INCOME CATEGORIES HAS SEEN AN INC. OF 12% Ie 33KWh(55TH ROUND OF NSSO) TO 37KWh (66TH ROUND OFMI NSSO PER HOUSE HOLD PER MONTH * INC. IN CONSUMPTION IN MIDDLE CLASS GROUP IS 21% WHERE AS IN HIGHER SPECTRA AN INCREASE OF 48% HAS BEEN RECORDED * 1.4 BILLION PEPOLE HAVE NO ACCESS OF ELECTRICITY (87% OF WHOME ;LIVE IN RURAL AREAS) AND 1BILLION THAT HAS ACCESS TO UN RELIABLE ELECTRICITY NETWORKS .JUST 52.5% OF RURAL HOUSES HAVE ELECTRICITY * IN RURAL AREAS MANY UNAUTHORIZED CONNECTIONS ARE ALSO BEEING SETUPED WHICHCOULD BE EXTREAMLY DENJOROUS MANY A TIMES

RURAL ELECTRIFICATION RATES

NO. OFSTATES AND UTs

REMARKS, ELECTRIFICATION % , UN – ELECTRIFIED VILLAGES

100% 15

99% 5 ELECTIFIACTION% , UN-ELECTRIFIED VILLAGES:WESTBENGAL(99.9%,2),MAHARASHTRA(99.9%,36),KARNATKA(99.9%,34),HIMACHAL PRADESH(99.7%.54),UTTARAKHAND(99.35,107)

+95% 7 ASSAM(96.8%),BIHAR(95.5%),CHATTISGARH(97.7%),M.P.(97.2%)JAMMU AND KASHMIR(98.2%),TRIPURA(97%),UTTAR PRADESH(98.7%)

+90% 5 JHARKHAND(92.9%),MIZORAM(93.6%),NAGALAND(90.8%),ORRISA(91.9%),RAJASTHAN(90.4%)

+80% 2 MEGHALAYA(80.1%),MANIPUR(86.6%)

UNDER 80% 2 ANDAMAN & NICOBAR(77.8%),ARUNACHAL PRADESH(70.3%)

WASTE MANAGEMENTS AND ALTERNATE ENERGY GENRATION

*IN ALL VILLAGES OF INDIA AGRICULTURE IS MAJORLY PRACTICED SO IT CAN BE SAID THAT MAJORLY AGRICULTURE WASTE IS PRODUCED WHICH COULD BE

TREATED FOR GENRATION OF BIO GAS IN BIO GAS PLANTS *VILLAGES OF NORTH AND CENTER INDIA IS BLESSED WITH

SOLAR ENERGY HANCE MANY VILLAGES HAVE USED SOLAR ENERGY TO

MEET DAILY ENERGY RECUIREMENTS *VILLAGES ADJECENT TO COSTAL LINE OF INDIA HAVE GREAT

DEAL OF WIND ENERGY WHICH COULD BE HARNESSED FOR ENENRGY

GENRATION FOR SMALLER SCALE

COMMUNITY BUILDINGS

* PANCHAYAT BHAVAN * CHAUPALS * DISPENSARY * VETINARY CENTER * ANGAN WADI * KISAN KENDR * SCHOOLS

PRDHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJNA (PMGSY) AND BHARAT NIRMAN ( RURAL CONNECTIVITY )

ROAD NETWORK STATUS IN INDIA * TOTAL LENGTH OF ROAD NETWORK IN INDIA 32 LAKHS KM * NATIONAL HIGHWAYS(NH) 65600 KM (2.05%) * STATE HIGHWAYS AND MAJORDISTRICT 432000KM (13.5%) ROADS (SH&MDRS) * RURAL ROADS 27 LAKHS KM(84.4%)

0.0020.0040.0060.0080.00

100.00

Graph May 2011 - LORENZ CURVES 2 K and May 2011 - PMGSY

(BASED ON STATE WISE % of HABITA-TIONS CONNECTED)

CUMULATIVE STATES (Starting the least % Connected in 2K as

well as in May 2011)

CUM

ULA

TIVE

CO

NN

ECTI

VITY

Gini Coef-ficient 2K 0.214

Gini Coefficient May 2011 0.158

PROVIDING ALL WEATHER CONNECTIVITY TO ALL HABITATIONS HAVING POPULATION OF 500 OR MORE IN PLAINS AREAS AND ALL HABITATIONS

HAVING POPULATION OF 250 OR MORE IN HILLS TO UPGRADE SOME ELIGIBLE EXISTING THROUGH ROUTES AND

MAJOR RURAL LINKS ROUTES TO ENSURE FULL FARM TO MARKET CONNECTIVITY

020,00040,00060,00080,000

100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000

Total Habita-tionsCon-nected in 2KCon-nected by May 11

CONNECTIVITY STATUS – ‘CORE’ STATES

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,000

To-tal Habitations

NTERNALLY HIGHLY CONNECTED STATES

BHARAT NIRMAN RURAL ROADS-A MAJOR COMPONENT OF BHARAT

NIRMAN FORAUGMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE LAUNCHED IN FEB 2005

AIMS TO PROVIDE CONNECTIVITY TO HABITATIONS OF POPULATION OF 1000+ ELIGIBILITY FOR HILLS STATES, TRIBAL(SCHEDULE-V) AREAS BEING ABOVE 500.

TO COVER 54648UNCONNECTED HABITATIONS INVOLVING 1.46 LAKHS KM OF NEW ROADS

TOUPGRADE/RENEW 1.94 LAKHS KM OF THROUGH ROUTES TO ENSURE TO MARKET CONNECTIVITY.

*ESTIMATED INVESTMENT RS48000 CR (2003-04) *ORIGINAL TIME FRAME - MARCH 2009 *REVISED TIME FRAME - MARCH 2012

PROGRESS UNDER BHARAT NIRMAN (RURAL ROADS COMPONENT)

Sl.No. Name the State

New Connectivity Upgradation

Target (Total Length to be

covered under PMGSY

Achievement(upto March

11)

Target (Upgradation under PMGSY

(60% of Upgradation

Length)

Achievement

(Upto March 11)

15 Maharashtra 4654 3055.83 11834 15699.6016 Manipur 2131 2116.00 1428 472.9417 Meghalaya 2662 949.76 2208 15.0018 Mizoram 2021 1898.68 886 73.5019 Nagaland 1789 1782.27 1023 857.7120 Orissa 29374 15173.07 16996 4740.5221 Punjab 979 820.13 6088 3542.4722 Rajasthan 36472 33516.98 15670 14649.6023 Sikkim 1107 955.11 508 1371.3724 Tamil Nadu 4978 3348.55 13321 5747.1125 Tripura 2980 1728.74 1406 256.76

26 Uttar Pradesh 38600 18904.88 34244 20409.38

27 Uttaranchal 10429 3108.00 4134 304.01

28 West Bengal 22995 10007.06 11375 683.69  Total 367673 190964.24 224906 128474.20

Sl. No.

Name the State

New Connectivity UpgradationTarget (Total

Length to be

covered under

PMGSY

Achievement(upto March

11)

Target (Upgradation under PMGSY (60% of

Upgradation Length)

Achievement(Upto March

11)

1 Andhra Pradesh 3326 3373.95 10321 15801.6

2

2 Arunachal Pradesh 6095 2924.27 2512 1.67

3 Assam 14571 10091.06 7828 16.204 Bihar 33544 7957.99 11149 4278.36

5 Chhattisgarh 37556 15895.04 10135 2513.48

6 Goa 40 1.87 114 156.837 Gujarat 7453 3938.42 5449 3217.988 Haryana 26 2.00 4515 4294.08

9 Himachal Pradesh 12832 7141.30 5659 2123.07

10 Jammu & Kashmir 8412 1744.24 3522 139.91

11 Jharkhand 21445 5589.70 7457 572.55

12 Karnataka 500 500.78 10153 13181.37

13 Kerala 439 592.98 2631 680.82

14 Madhya Pradesh 60264 33845.59 22342 12672.6

0

NH2%

SH & MDRs14%

Rural Roads 84%

STATE ACTION PLANS FOR RURAL HOUSING

ACTION PLAN FOR ACHIEVING VARIOUS GOALS OF VISION PLAN PARTICULARLY THE GOAL OF REPLACING OF ALL KUTCHA HOUSES IN RURAL AREAS BY 2016-17

ACTION PLAN FOR HOMESTEAD SCHEME

ACTION PLAN FOR DISBURSING DRI LOANS

ACTION PLAN FOR IMPROVING QUALITY OF HOUSES

• PREPARE TYPE DESIGN• PROVIDE INPUTS ON

TECHNOLOGY• FACILITATE AVAILABILITY OF

BUILDING MATERIAL• IMPART TRAINING

INDIRA AWAAS YOJANA (Rural Housing )

ASPECTS COVERED

1. FINANCIAL & PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE2. IMPROVING QUALITY OF HOUSES3. HOMESTEAD SCHEME4. DIFFERENTIAL RATE OF INTEREST (DRI)5. PERMANENT IAY WAITLISTS6. MONITORING & IAY-MIS7. PERFORMANCE OUTPUT MATRIX (POM)8. STATE ACTION PLAN

COVERAGE OF TARGETED COMPONEN(2010-2011)

SCHEME FOR ALLOTTING HOMESTEAD PLOTS

BASIC PARAMETERS SHOULD BE A BPL HOUSEHOLD WITH NEITHER

LAND NOR HOUSE-SITE & SHOULD BELONG TO THE PERMANENT IAY WAITLIST

RS. 10,000 OR ACTUAL, WHICHEVER IS LESS, ON THE BASIS OF 50:50 FUNDING BY CENTRE & STATE

INCENTIVISING STATES ADDITIONAL FUNDS UNDER IAY TO THE EXTENT OF

PLOTS ALLOTTED BY WAY OF REGULARIZATION/ALLOTMENT OF GOVT LAND / PURCHASE / ACQUISITION

OUTCOME PROPOSALS RECEIVED FROM BIHAR, KARNATAKA,

KERALA, SIKKIM, AND MAHARASHTRA FUNDS RELEASED TO BIHAR, KARNATAKA, KERALA

, RAJASTHAN AND SIKKIM PROPOSALS OF MAHARASHTRA IS UNDER

CONSIDERATION

ADARSH GRAM (MODEL VILLAGE)

ONE REASON FOR THE FAILURE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES •LACK OF A HOLISTIC FOCUS ON THE VILLAGE AS A UNIT.•SEPARATE FLAGSHIP SCHEMES TARGETING DIFFERENT SECTORS SUCH AS HEALTH (NRHM), EDUCATION (SSA) AND LIVELIHOOD (NREGA, NRLM) HAVE BEEN LAUNCHED IN THE PAST, BUT MET WITH LIMITED SUCCESS.

ADARSH GRAM YOJANA, LAUNCHED BY THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT IN 2009-10. THE SCHEME WAS IMPLEMENTED IN PILOT MODE IN 1000 VILLAGES OF

•CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT BY ENGAGING ALL SECTIONS OF THE COMMUNITY IN THE TASK OF VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT.

•CREATE AND SUSTAIN A CULTURE OF COOPERATIVE LIVING FOR INCLUSIVE AND RAPID

DEVELOPMENT.

3. KEY ELEMENTS OF A MODEL VILLAGE

4. RESOURCES

FOR AN MP, THERE ARE 3 PRIMARY RESOURCE STREAMS WHICH CAN BE UTILIZED FOR THIS PURPOSE:

FUNDS UNDER EXISTING SCHEMES ACROSS DIFFERENT SECTORS SUCH AS HEALTH, EDUCATION, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, LIVELIHOOD ETC COULD BE UTILIZED, AND BASED ON THE SPECIFIC DEMANDS OF THE VILLAGE. SOME IMPORTANT CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS) WHICH COULD BE UTILIZED ARE NRLM, NHM, SSA, NREGA, BRGF, RKVY AND MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME.

MPLAD FUNDS (RS 5 CRORE PER YEAR) COULD BE UTILIZED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY, SUSTAINABLE ASSETS SUCH AS SCHOOL BUILDINGS, HOSPITALS, ANGANWADI CENTRES AND SCHOOL KITCHENS FOR MID-DAY MEALS.

SELF-HELP GROUPS, WHO ARE ELIGIBLE FOR SUBSIDIZED LOANS UNDER VARIOUS CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

GRAM PANCHAYATS COULD ALSO RAISE LOANS, IF LEGALLY PERMITTED TO DO SO UNDER THE STATE PANCHAYATI RAJ ACTS LIKE IN THE CASE OF KERALA.

• ASSAM, BIHAR, • HIMACHAL PRADESH

• RAJASTHAN AND • TAMIL NADU,

SUSTAINABLITY-BETTER HEALT-WITH SPECIAL FOCOUS ON MATEMAL AND CHILD HEALTH-PRACTICAL AND SMART EDUCATION-HOUSING AND LIVELIHOOD-CAPICITY BULLDING OF ALL STAKEHOLDERS-CLEAN DRINKING WATER AND SANITRATION

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT-PLAING OF VILLAGE DVELOPMENT-MOBILIZING RESOUCES FOR THE PLAN, WITH ACTIVE ENGEGEMENT WITH ELECTED REPRESNTATIVE-MONITORING THE UTILIZATION OF GOVERNMENT FUNDS TO INCREASE ACCOUNTABLITY

TECHNOLOGY-DELIVERY OF GOVRNMENT SERVICES-ICT AND SPACE TECHONOLOGY IN THE YEALD OF FARMER -REMOTE SENSING FOR RESOURCE MPPING AND BETTER UTILIZATION OF EXISTING ASSETS-LAND RECORD MODERNIZATION

CONNETCTIVITY-PHISICAL CONNECTIVITY TO TOWNS AND OTHER ROADS-EASY AND CHEAP MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION-DIGITAL CONNETIVITY AND MOBILE CONNCTIVITY-FINANCIAL CONNECTIVITY

MODEL VILLAGE

2. OBJECTIVES

A MODEL VILLAGE PROJECT HAS THE FOLLOWING IMPORTANT OBJECTIVES:

•PREVENT DISTRESS MIGRATION FROM RURAL TOURBAN AREAS.

•MAKE THE MODEL VILLAGE A “HUB” THAT COULD ATTRACT RESOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OTHERVILLAGES IN ITS VICINITY.

•PROVIDE EASIER, FASTER AND CHEAPER ACCESS TO URBAN MARKETS FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE

1. THE IDEA OF A MODEL VILLAGE

68.9% OF OUR POPULATION LIVES IN RURAL AREAS (CENSUS 2011).

IT IS STILL ESTIMATED THAT MORE THAN HALF OF OUR POPULATION WOULD BE RURAL EVEN IN 2050.

ON MOST DEVELOPMENT PARAMETERS, THERE IS STILL A SIGNIFICANT GAP BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN INDIA,

5. CHOOSING A VILLAGE FOR ADOPTION

AS PER THE LATEST CENSUS, THERE ARE MORE THAN 640,000 VILLAGES IN INDIA, AND MORE THAN 2.5 LAKH GRAM PANCHAYATS (GPS). AMONG THESE, CHOOSING ONE (OR 2-3) GP. ACCORDING TO THE LATEST GUIDELINES, THE MP MAY CHOOSE ANY GRAM PANCHAYAT WITH A POPULATION OF 3000-5000 PEOPLE IN PLAIN AREAS, AND 1000-3000 IN HILLY, TRIBAL AND DIFFICULT AREAS

STRONG PANCHAYATS IN TERMS OF FINANCES, FUNCTIONS AND FUNCTIONARIES – THE VILLAGE PANCHAYAT WILL HAVE A PIVOTAL ROLE TO PLAY IN ANY VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT. THE FINANCIAL AND FUNCTIONAL STRENGTH OF A PANCHAYAT WILL BE EXTREMELY USEFUL IN PREPARING VILLAGE PLANS.

PROXIMITY TO AN URBAN CENTRE – CHOOSING A VILLAGE CLOSE TO AN URBAN CENTRE MIGHT FACILITATE ACCESS TO PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES, AND ALSO HELP IN ESTABLISHING BETTER CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN THE VILLAGE AND THE URBAN TOWN. SUCH A VILLAGE COULD ALSO BECOME AN EXTENSION OF THE URBAN CENTRE, AND HAVE FACILITIES WHICH COULD VIRTUALLY BE AT PAR WITH THE URBAN CENTRE.

POTENTIAL FOR PILOTING NEW TECHNOLOGIES – SINCE TECHNOLOGY WOULD BE AT THE CORE OF THE MODEL VILLAGE CONCEPT, THE VILLAGE MUST OFFER AVENUES FOR EXPERIMENTING WITH SUCH TECHNOLOGY. SOME EXAMPLES OF SUCH TECHNOLOGIES COULD BE THE USE OF SOLAR POWER FOR IRRIGATION AND DOMESTIC LIGHTING, AND AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS BASED ON SOIL SUITABILITY AND CLIMATE.

DIVERSE POPULATION GROUPS – THE REAL SUCCESS OF SUCH AN INITIATIVE CAN BE DEMONSTRATED IF THE LIVES OF LARGE AND DIVERSE SECTIONS OF THE POPULATION CAN BE POSITIVELY IMPACTED BY IT. RATHER THAN FOCUSING ON ANY PARTICULAR RELIGIOUS OR CASTE GROUP, THE MODEL VILLAGE MUST AIM TOWARDS THE UPLIFT OF ALL SECTIONS OF THE POPULATION IN THE VILLAGE. HOWEVER, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT SPECIAL ATTENTION IS PAID TO VULNERABLE GROUPS SUCH AS YOUNG CHILDREN, WOMEN AND THE BPL POPULATION.

ROLE OF AN MP –

THE PRIMARY ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN MP UNDER SAGY ARE AS FOLLOWS:

• IDENTIFYING THE GRAM PANCHAYAT • FACILITATING THE PLANNING PROCESS • MOBILIZING ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AS AND

WHEN REQUIRED UNDER THE PLAN • FILLING IN CRITICAL GAPS USING MPLADS FUNDS • TWO NATIONAL LEVEL COMMITTEES WOULD

MONITOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCHEME.

• ONE COMMITTEE WOULD BE HEADED BY THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT MINISTER AND INCLUDE MINISTERS IN-CHARGE OF PLANNING AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION.

• THE SECOND COMMITTEE WILL BE HEADED THE SECRETARY, RURAL DEVELOPMENT WITH REPRESENTATIVES FROM VARIOUS OTHER MINISTRIES/DEPARTMENTS RELEVANT TO SAGY

6. SANSAD ADARSH GRAM YOJANA (SAGY)

APART FROM THOSE COVERED EARLIER IN THIS BRIEF, THE OTHER IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THE NEW SANSAD ADARSH GRAM YOJANA ARE AS FOLLOWS:

• 2379 VILLAGES WOULD BE COVERED BY THE SCHEME TILL 2019

• VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PLANS WILL BE PREPARED BY THE GRAM PANCHAYAT AND APPROVED BY THE GRAM SABHA. THE PLANNING STAGES OUTLINED IN THE SCHEME ARE AS FOLLOWS:

KEY STAGES IN THE PREPARATION OF A VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PLAN UNDER SAGY

1. CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT FOR COMMUNITY-LED PLANNING, WITH THE MP SPEARHEADING THIS CAMPAIGN 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS, INCLUDING BASELINE SURVEYING AND RESOURCE MAPPING. 3. IDENTIFICATION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCE STREAMS 4. FINALIZING NEEDS 5. PREPARATION OF THE VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PLAN(VDP) BY A WORKING GROUP SET UP BY THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR WITH REPRESENTATION OF EXPERTS FROM DIVERSE FIELDS, 6. CLEARANCE TO VDP BY THE GRAM SABHA

7. APPROVAL OF VDP BY DISTRICT LEVEL COMMITTEE HEADED BY THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR IN THE PRESENCE OF AN MP

MODEL VILLAGES 1. HIWARE-BAZAAR, MAHARASHTRA FROM THE 1990S ONWARDS, THINGS BEGAN TO CHANGE. THE VILLAGE PANCHAYAT ADOPTED A HOLISTIC FOCUS ON A VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES, WITH COMMUNITY GROUPS RESPONSIBLE FOR VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE VILLAGE ECONOMY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. WOMEN THRIFT GROUPS, MILK DAIRY SOCIETY AND YOUTH CLUBS ARE EXAMPLES OF SUCH COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS. THE VILLAGE PANCHAYAT ALSO FOCUSED ON FAMILY PLANNING AND REFORESTATION, FOR WHICH AWARENESS PROGRAMMES AND DRIVES HAVE FREQUENTLY BEEN ORGANIZED IN THE VILLAGE. THE VILLAGE GRAM SABHA ALSO LAUNCHED A WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, AND AN ANNUAL WATER AUDIT IS BEING CONDUCTED IN THE VILLAGE SINCE 2004 FOR MORE EFFICIENT AND EQUITABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES. IT HAS ALSO CONTRIBUTED TO GREATER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY. TODAY, THE VILLAGE IS CONSIDERED A MODEL FOR COMMUNITY-LED, MULTI-SECTORAL GROWTH OF RURAL PARTS OF THE COUNTRY. THIS IS A VILLAGE LOCATED IN THE RAINSHADOW REGION OF THE SAHYADRI MOUNTAIN RANGE IN MAHARASHTRA’S AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT. TILL THE 1980S, FARMING IN THE VILLAGE WAS LARGELY RAINFED, AND FARMERS WERE FORCED TO MIGRATE SEASONALLY TO SURROUNDING AREAS FOR WORK.

2. PUNSARI VILLAGE GUJARAT IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THE VILLAGE INCLUDE: A REVERSE OSMOSIS PLANT WHICH SUPPLIES 20 LITRES OF WATER TO EACH HOUSEHOLD AT RS 4. USE OF SOLAR POWER FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES ACCIDENTAL INSURANCE COVER TO ONE MEMBER OF EVERY HOUSEHOLD AIR-CONDITIONED PRIMARY SCHOOLS WITH NO DROPOUTS BUS FACILITY FOR ALL HOUSEHOLDS FOCUS ON BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE THROUGH CAMPAIGNS AND AWARENESS DRIVES. FOR THIS PURPOSE, 120 LOUDSPEAKERS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE VILLAGE PUNSARI WAS AWARDED WITH THE BEST GRAM PANCHAYAT AWARD FROM THE CENTRE AND THE STATE IN 2011. LOCATED IN GUJARAT’S SABARKANTHA DISTRICT, PUNSARI VILLAGE HAS EMERGED AS A MODEL VILLAGE WITH MODERN URBAN AMENITIES SUCH AS 24X7 POWER SUPPLY, WIFI CONNECTIVITY, CCTV CAMERAS TO ENSURE SECURITY, AND PUCCA ROADS CONNECTING THE VILLAGE WITH OTHER VILLAGES AND TOWNS.

4. KUMBALANGI VILLAGE, KERALA – A MODEL FOR ECO-TOURISM THE KUMBALANGI APPROACH COULD BE ADOPTED BY OTHER COASTAL VILLAGES TO BOOST TOURISM AND PROVIDE LIVELIHOOD TO LOCAL COMMUNITIES KUMBALANGI IS ESSENTIALLY A FISHING HAMLET WHICH HAS BEEN DEVELOPED AS A UNIQUE RURAL TOURIST DESTINATION IN KERALA’S ERNAKULAM DISTRICT. THE KUMBALANGI INTEGRATED TOURISM VILLAGE PROJECT WAS LAUNCHED IN 2004, WITH A FOCUS ON ECO-TOURISM, WHILE OFFERING TOURISTS A GLIMPSE OF THE RICH AND RUSTIC LIFE OF THE INDIAN COUNTRYSIDE. THE IMPORTANT ATTRACTIONS IN KUMBALANGI INCLUDE ORGANIC FARM PRODUCE USED TO PREPARE MEALS FOR TOURISTS, TODDY TAPPING AND CRAB FARMING. TO KEEP THE VILLAGE CLEAN AND SERVE ITS ENERGY NEEDS, HOUSEHOLDS ARE ALSO PROVIDED SUBSIDIES FOR SETTING UP MINI BIOGAS PLANTS IN THEIR HOUSEHOLDS.

3. ANKAPOOR, TELANGANA SOME OF THE IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THE AGRICULTURAL MODEL OF THE ANKAPOOR INCLUDE: PEASANT ASSOCIATION OF THE VILLAGE COORDINATES

VARIOUS AGRICULTURAL INTERVENTIONS THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS IS INCLUSIVE AND BASED ON

CONSENSUS-BUILDING. WOMEN HAVE A DOMINANT ROLE IN THE

UTILIZATION AND SUPERVISION OF LABOUR. FOCUS ON NEW SOURCES OF INCOME, SUCH AS COMMERCIAL

CULTIVATION OF SEEDS, SCIENTIFIC CROP ROTATION TECHNIQUES.

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE WITH GREATER USE OF FARMYARD MANURE AND LESSER USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS

VILLAGE MARKET YARDS FACILITATE THE SALE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE WITH MINIMAL WASTAGE SINCE AGRICULTURE ACCOUNTS FOR ALMOST THE ENTIRE ECONOMIC OUTPUT FROM MANY VILLAGES IN INDIA, PARTICIPATORY AGRICULTURE, WITH EQUAL FOCUS ON IRRIGATION, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY-LED CULTIVATION SHOULD BE THE WAY FORWARD. ANKAPOOR IS LOCATED IN THE NIZAMABAD DISTRICT IN THE STATE OF TELANGANA. ANKAPOOR HAS BEEN GLOBALLY RECOGNIZED AS A “MODEL AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE” FOR ITS ACHIEVEMENTS IN INTRODUCING MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE WHILE ENSURING THE PARTICIPATION OF ALL SECTIONS OF THE VILLAGE COMMUNITY, PARTICULARLY WOMEN. ORGANIZATIONS LIKE THE INDIAN COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH (ICAR), INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IRRI), MANILA AND INTERNATIONAL CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE SEMI-ARID TROPICS (ICRISAT) HAVE FORMALLY COMMENDED THE DEVELOPMENTS IN AGRICULTURE IN THE VILLAGE.

OCCUPATION MAIN OCCUPATION OF THE

VILLAGERS IS AGRICULTURE. 70% OF TOTAL POPULATION OF

THE VILLAGE DEPENDS UPON AGRICULTURE.

REST POPULATION IS ENGAGED WITH GOVT. AND PRIVATE SERVICES.

FARMING: MAIN CROPS- RICE, LADY FINGER, CARROT, POTATO , WHEAT , PEAPODS. 30% PEOPLE DEPEND ON FARMING FOR THEIR LIVELIHOODSOME PEOPLE ALSO DEPEND ON THE SIDE WORKS THAT ARE BEING DONE DURING FARMING AND AFTER THAT . LIKE CARROT WASHING , LADY FINGER CUTTING

SURVEY ANALYSIS MONTHLY INCOME: VARIES FROM 2000-

8000 IN GENERAL .EXCEPTIONS ARE THERE.

SOURCES: OWN SHOPS AS WORKERS IN MILLS ,FACTORIES , BY FARMING , CATTLE , DRIVING , HOUSE HOLD WORKS LIKE STITCHING , PAINTING .

SHOPPING: PEOPLE WITH LOW INCOME GENERALLY SHOP FROM NANDNAUR ITSELF WHEREAS OTHERS GO TO SONEPAT AND MURTHAL .

HEALTH FACILITIES: PEOPLE WITH LOW INCOME GO TO GOVERNMENT DISPENSARIES IN VILLAGE . FACTORY WORKERS USE THEIR ESI CARDS ISSUED . OTHERS IN CASE OF MAJOR PROBLEMS PREFER TO GO TO HOSPITALS IN SONEPAT AND DELHI.

SOIL WASTE: USE OF SEPTIC TANKS. CATTLE WASTE: USED TO MAKE DUNG

CAKES THAT ARE BEING USED AS A FUEL IN COOKING PURPOSE .

COMMUNICATION: PEOPLE USE MOBILE PHONES FOR THE PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION. THERE IS NO INTRNET FACILITY. THERE IS A POST OFFICE FOR COMMUNICTION.

THAN YOU