Running a home - P4I · Introduction to running a home 5 1. ... PowerPoint or smart-board...

MONEY MANAGEMENTRUNNING A HOME

Hannah Kovacs & Jayne Garner

Copyright © Axis Education 2007

The worksheets may be produced for use at one site within the purchasing institution foreducational use only without permission from the Publisher, providing that the work has beenpaid for.

Otherwise, no part of this publication may be photocopied, recorded, or otherwise reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical meanswithout prior permission of the copyright owner.

Work sent on approval or inspection and not yet paid for may not be copied under anycircumstances.

ISBN 978-1-84618-113-9

Axis Education

PO Box 459

Shrewsbury SY4 4WZ

Email: [email protected]

www.axiseducation.co.uk

First published 2007

Contents

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redit a

nd loans

Introduction and guidelines for use 4

Section 1. Introduction to running ahome 5

1. How do you run your home? 8

2. Now and then 10

3. Household expenditure 12

4. Running a home 14

Section 2. Paying for where you live 15

1. Renting a home 19

2. A place to rent 21

3. Deposits on rented homes 23

4. Council housing 25

5. Getting on the property ladder 27

6. How much can I borrow? 28

7. Shared ownership 30

8. Shared ownership – how much will it cost? 32

Section 3. Insurance 34

1. Types of insurance 37

2. Why do you need building and contents insurance? 38

3. The cost of insurance 40

4. Home contents insurance 43

5 That’s why you need it 45

Section 4. Bills, bills, bills 46

1. Reading meters 51

2. Comparing your meter and your bill 53

3. The cost of power 54

4. Paying bills – different ways 56

5. Why use direct debit? 58

6. Choosing a supplier 59

7. Monthly outgoings 61

8. When to pay the bills 62

9. How to read a water meter 64

10. How much water? 66

11. Council tax 68

12. Where does your money go? 70

13. TV licence 72

14. Identifying luxury bills 73

Section 5. Other costs around the home 74

1. Standby 77

2. Dishwasher versus washing up 79

3. Professional versus DIY 80

4. Contingency 82

Section 6. Green household 84

1. Being a green householder 86

2. Going green 88

3. Household recycling 89

4. Recycling facts 91

Bank of puzzles 93

Bank of puzzles answers 99

Glossary 100

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The other books in the series are

• Banking

• Credit and loans

• Dealing with debt

• Planning for the future

• Post-16 options

• Smart consumer

• Taxation and wages

Running a home contains a variety of exercises,covering a range of topics relating to relevantaspects of running a home efficiently. A full list ofthese is contained in the contents.

The purpose of Running a home is to give yourstudents the practical skills they need forsuccessfully taking care of their personal homefinances. The exercises in this title give your studentshelpful advice and tips on managing householdbills, rent, mortgages and insurance. Your studentswill learn to use maths skills to work out how tosave both money and energy. Maths activities suchas reading gauges, averages, handling data, money,percentages, ratio and rounding are featured.

You will find that Running a home contains activitiesappropriate for adult students working at EntryLevel 3/Level 1 as well as school students,principally at Key Stage 4. As well as learning theskills outlined in the aims of the exercises, yourstudents should also develop communication skillsand the ability to work co-operatively with others.

Each exercise has a set of Teachers' Notes providingspecific guidance for how they could best be used.The following general guidelines apply to all of theexercises.

• You should always explain the aims of the exercise to your students

• It will probably be useful to begin each exercise with a brief whole-class discussion to establish the aims and an understanding of the relevance of the work

• You can allow less able students to work in pairs or in small, suitably selected groups

• One of the most important basic skills is readingand all students should be encouraged and helped to read the worksheets. The language level in this book has been designed to extend your students as well as to equip them with the types and levels of communication they will meetwhen they work on running an efficient home. Less able students might need help with reading some sections but you should point out that over-simplified language would be inappropriate and patronising.

• The bank of puzzles at the back of Running a home provides your students with additional practice with the more technical vocabulary used in this title.

Several of the exercises in this title containmathematical calculations relating to home financeissues. You may find that less able students needhelp in completing some of them. Further guidancecan be found in the specific Teachers’ Notes. Theteaching notes also contain suggestions forextension activities, several of which involve accessto the internet.

Each section has been designed to provide sufficientmaterial for at least a one-hour lesson. Most aresuitable for completion for between two and fourlessons. The time taken on the various activitieswithin the sections will depend on the needs andabilities of the students but as a general rule, nosingle activity should last for longer than twentyminutes.

Introduction and guidelines for use

This is one of a set of eight titles aimed at developingimportant financial capability skills.

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Aims

• To help students self-evaluate how well they run a home.

• To raise students’ awareness of how households spend their money and how this has changed over time.

Preparation andResources

For this section you will need to distribute a copy ofeach of the following worksheets to each member ofthe group:

• How do you run your home?

• Now and then

• Household expenditure

• Running a home

Alternatively, the worksheets could be made intooverhead transparencies or incorporated into aPowerPoint or smart-board presentation.

Teaching Suggestions

After your students have completed ‘How do yourun your home?’ you should hold a short discussioninvolving the whole group. You might need toexplain the meaning and importance of some terms.You could introduce them to the glossary on pages100–102 to focus your discussion.

The data in ‘Now and then’ may be a surprise forsome students. You could go on to discuss thepossible reasons for changes in the relativeproportion of income spent on different things. Forexample, the decrease in the amount people spendon alcohol is due to better health education andawareness campaigns.

‘Household expenditure’ requires students to extractdata from a table about the relative expenditure ofdifferent types of households.

‘Running a home’ requires students to compile a listof monthly household expenses.

Extension work

1. Using the information covered in this section, divide your students into two groups. The first group should research and discuss the pros of running a home efficiently and the second groupshould research and discuss the cons of running a home efficiently. You should then bring the twogroups together and hold a discussion with the first group arguing for efficiency and the secondgroup arguing against.

2. To help your students become more familiar withsome of the technical terms used in this section, ask them to complete the wordsearch on page 93.

3. Ask your students to choose four words from theglossary for section 1 on page 100 and write a sentence for each word putting the word in an appropriate context. This will show that they have an understanding of the terms.

4. You can extend ‘Now and then’ with a discussionabout why spending on alcohol and smoking hasdecreased – due to more health warnings about these activities. You could also ask students why there has been an increase in communication costs – due to more mobile phones/internet use.

5. A good extension activity after ‘Household expenditure’ would be to ask students to conduct a piece of research with similar households to those in the table to see if their findings differ from these national findings.

1. Introduction to running a home

This section will help raise your students’ awarenessof the need to run a home efficiently.

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Answers and Mapping

How do you run your home?, pages 8–9

There are no definitive answers but hopefullystudents will begin to identify the best ways to runtheir homes.

NCPSHEKS3 – 1a, 1g; KS4 – 1a, 1e

Key skillsC1.2.1

Adult core curriculaRt/E3.8

Now and then, pages 10–11

1. 21%

2. 12%

3. 100%

4. 3/7

5. Communication

6. 3/7

7. Transport

8. 1/3

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.3c, Ma2.3m, Ma2.4b,Ma4.1cKS4 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.3c, Ma2.3m, Ma2.4b,Ma4.1c

PSHEKS3 – 1g, KS4 – 1e

Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2, N1.3.3

Adult core curriculaN1.L1.1, N1/L1.3, N2/L2.3, MSS1/E3.1, HD1/E3.1,HD1/L1.2

Household expenditure, pages 12–13

1.

2. £16.60

3. Transport

4. Alcohol and tobacco

5. Education

6. 15.8%

7. 22.5%

8. 4.8%

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.3m, Ma2.4b, Ma4.1cKS4 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.3m, Ma2.4b, Ma4.1c


Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2, N1.3.3

Adult core curriculaN1.L1.1, N1/L1.3, MSS1/E3.1, HD1/E3.1, HD1/L1.2


Spending type Couple with children Couple withoutchildren

Food and non-alcoholic drink

£62.80 £46.20

Alcohol and tobacco £13.00 £13.90

Clothing andfootwear

£33.60 £24.50

Transport £85.60 £77.80

Communication £15.10 £12.70

Recreation andculture

£79.00 £68.10

Education £14.30 £3.90

Restaurants andhotels

£47.20 £45.50

Total £350.60 £292.60

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Running a home, page 14

NCPSHEKS3 – 1a, 1g; KS4 – 1a, 1e

Key skillsC1.2.1

Adult core curriculaRt/E3.8


Household expenses phone, gas and electricity, broadband, TVlicence, insurance, food, laundry, cleaningproducts

Transport running a car, taking public transport, taxis

Savings pension, investments

Debts credit cards, loans, overdrafts

Work union fees, subscriptions, transport, lunch

Educationstudent loan repayments, evening classes,books, stationery

Luxuries cigarettes, alcohol, magazine

Healthcare prescriptions, optician, dentist, medicines

Entertainmentdrinking, eating out, clubbing, cinema, CDs,DVDs

Sport and fitness gym membership, team membership, sportsequipment

One-off expenses presents, holidays, having to buy new thingsfor the house e.g. new cooker etc

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If you are good at planning and organising things you should be able to run a homewell. This in turn could save you some serious money. Knowing that you are beingcharged the least amount possible for household bills, that you’re paying a keenprice for insurance and that your house is as energy efficient as possible will all saveyou money.

Find out how good you are at running a home by answering the questions inthis quiz.

1. When it comes to utility bills you:

a) have a quick check once a year to make sure you’re getting the best deal

b) haven’t even got a clue how much you pay for each bill

c) check every month to see if you could be paying less

2. When it comes to paying your bills you:

a) usually wait for the bill to arrive in the post and then pay by cheque

b) only pay up once you’ve had a reminder

c) always choose direct debit – it’s the cheapest way to pay

3. When it comes to recycling you:

a) sometimes take glass to the bottle bank

b) recycling… what’s that?

c) sort out all your rubbish – anything that can be recycled, is

4. Council tax is money used to:

a) keep the buses running

b) pay councillors’ wages

c) fund a number of services such as the police, recycling and rubbish collection

5. If money is tight you:

a) just stop paying your bills

b) borrow money from a mate

c) identify your luxury bills and get rid of them

1. How do you run your home?

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6. If something goes wrong in the house you:

a) have no cash reserves so you wouldn’t know what to do

b) would borrow money from friends or family

c) have some money put aside for such emergencies

7. As far as you’re concerned, Sky TV is classed as:

a) essential, you would NEVER get rid of it, no matter how tight money was

b) something you could live without – just about

c) a luxury that you could easily do without if you were struggling to pay the bills

8. When it comes to insurance you know that:

a) it costs a bomb

b) it doesn’t come cheap, but at least you know you are covered in an emergency

c) it’s essential to have the right cover for all the things you own

Now work out your score.

If you got mostly a):

It looks like you need some major help in running your home. All of the worksheets in thisbook will help you learn how to be more efficient, not just with money, but with energyand recycling too.

If you got mostly b):

You’re not doing badly, but you could do better. There are many savings to be madearound the home and you could be missing out. Read on to find out how you could berunning your home more efficiently.

If you got mostly c):

Congratulations! It looks like your home is run pretty smoothly! However, there areprobably a few hints and tips that you could put to good use, so carry on reading!

1. How do you run your home?

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Spending patterns have changed dramatically over the past 30 years or so. Mosthouseholds now have a much higher income, which means that they have a greaterproportion of money to spend on luxury items. Other changes in society, such as theintroduction of mobile phones and the internet, have also affected what householdsspend their money on.

This graph shows the percentage of household expenditure spent on different goodsand services between 1971 and 2005.

Use the graph to answer the questions on page 11.

1. Now and then

0

5

10

15

20

25

1971

21%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

11%12

%

1%2% 2% 2% 2%

15%

15%

15%

15%

9% 9% 9%7%

6%

10%

6% 6%

10% 11

%

11%

17%

7% 7% 7%6%

5%4% 4%

6% 6% 6%

Food

& n

on-a

lcoh

olic

dri

nk

Tran

spor

t

Com

mun

icat

ion

Recr

eatio

n &

cul

ture

Hou

seho

ld g

oods

& s

ervi

ces

Alc

ohol

& t

obac

co

Clo

thin

g &

foo

twea

r

Rest

aura

nts

& h

otel

s

1981

1991

2001

2005

Graph to show percentage of household expenditure

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1. In 1971, what percentage of household expenditure was spent on food and non-alcoholicdrink?

2. In 2005, what percentage of household expenditure was spent on recreation and culture?

3. By what percentage did expenditure on communication increase between 1971 and 2005?

4. By what fraction did spending on alcohol and tobacco decrease between 1971 and 2005?

5. Which category had the least amount spent on itin 1981?

6. By what fraction has expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drink decreased from 1971 to 2005?

7. In 2005, which category shows the biggest expenditure?

8. By what fraction did expenditure increase on recreation and culture between 1971 and 2005?

1. Now and then

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Not only is the way we spend our household money affected by time, but also by thetype of household we live in. Obviously people with children are likely to spend moremoney than people who don’t have children, but do they spend their money on thesame types of things?

This table shows the weekly household expenditure in pounds on various differentthings, from food to transport. The table shows how much couples with childrenspent and how much couples without children spent in 2005/06.

1. Household expenditure

Spending type Couple with children Couple without children

Food and non-alcoholic drink £62.80 £46.20

Alcohol and tobacco £13.00 £13.90

Clothing and footwear £33.60 £24.50

Transport £85.60 £77.80

Communication £15.10 £12.70

Recreation and culture £79.00 £68.10

Education £14.30 £3.90

Restaurants and hotels £47.20 £45.50

Total

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Use the information in the table to answer the questions.

1. Work out the total spending per week for coupleswith children and couples without and put your answers in the table on page 12.

2. How much more money did couples with childrenspend on food and non-alcoholic drink per week compared to couples without children?

3. What did couples without children spend most oftheir money on?

4. What did couples with children spend the least amount of their money on?

5. What did couples without children spend the least amount of money on?

6. Express the amount of money that couples without children spent on food and non-alcoholicdrink as a percentage of their total weeklyexpenditure.

7. Express the amount of money that couples with children spent on recreation and culture as a percentage of their total weekly expenditure.

8. Express the amount of money that couples without children spent on alcohol and tobacco asa percentage of their weekly expenditure.

1. Household expenditure

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Nowadays there are a lot of expenses that we pay every month to keep a householdticking over and sometimes to make our lives a little easier. These can be anythingfrom running water, to those little luxuries like a DVD on a Friday night!

Fill in the table under each heading with as many expenses as you can think ofthat you may pay each month.

1. Running a home

Household expenses

Transport

Savings

Debts

Work

Education

Luxuries

Healthcare

Entertainment

Sport and fitness

One-off expenses

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Aims

• To help students calculate rent.

• To give students the information they need to know about rent deposits.

• To give students tools and tips for getting on the property ladder and to work out costs.



• Renting a home

• A place to rent

• Deposits on rented homes

• Council housing

• Getting on the property ladder

• How much can I borrow?

• Shared ownership

• Shared ownership – how much will it cost?


Access to the internet will be useful for the extensionactivities on ‘How much can I borrow?’.


‘Renting a home’ helps students to understandabbreviations in adverts for homes to rent.Depending on the needs of your students you mayfind it useful to work through a couple of theabbreviations first as a class activity.

‘A place to rent’ gives students the sums they needto make accurate comparisons between rentpayable weekly and rent payable monthly. It would

be useful to work through two examples of your ownbefore asking students to answer the questions.

‘Deposits on rented homes’ is a numeracy activitydesigned to help students work out how muchdeposit landlords want from their tenants. Theinformation on this page reflects recent changes inthe law.

‘Council housing’ is a numeracy activity wherestudents compare rents of different sized councilproperties.

‘Getting on the property ladder’ is a comprehensionexercise about why getting a first home is becomingincreasingly difficult.

‘How much can I borrow?’ is a numeracy activitywhere students calculate the maximum amount amortgage lender is likely to offer different peopleaccording to their incomes.

‘Shared ownership’ requires students to calculatemortgages for shared ownership housing.

‘Shared ownership – how much will it cost?’requires students to work out monthly payments forshared ownership housing including mortgage andrent.

Extension work

1. To help your students become more familiar withsome of the more difficult terms used in this section, ask them to complete the crossword on page 94.


3. You could extend ‘Renting a home’, ‘A place to rent’ and ‘Deposits on rented homes’ with similar activities using adverts from your local newspaper.

4. Follow up ‘Council housing’ by asking students to find out the costs of different sized council

2. Paying for where you live

This section will teach your students the skills theyneed to calculate rent. They will also learn about waysof getting on the property ladder.

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properties in their local area. They can present their findings in a bar chart.

5. Follow up ‘How much can I borrow?’ by asking students to calculate the highest price home a set of people can afford, bearing in mind the amount of deposit they can afford. For example:

a) Debbie and Mark have £10,000 for a deposit.

b) Charlie has £3,000 for a deposit.

c) Will and April have £8,000 for a deposit.

d) Misha has £2,000 for a deposit.

e) Jade and Katie have £4,000 for a deposit.

f) Barclay has no deposit.

g) Aidan and Becca have £2,500 for a deposit.

You should remind students that there will beadditional fees when buying a home – they could dosome research to find out what these are and howmuch they are likely to be.

6. You could follow up the shared ownership worksheets with similar activities using different proportions of shared ownership: 60:40, 70:30, 75:25 and so on.

Answers and mapping

Renting a home, pages 19–20

1. avail ‚ available

gch ‚ gas central heating

d/g ‚ double glazing

immed ‚ immediately

ff ‚ fully furnished

pcm ‚ per calendar month

gge ‚ garage

pw ‚ per week

n/s ‚ non smoker

inc ‚ including bills

unfurn. ‚ unfurnished

p/f ‚ part furnished

ref ‚ reference needed

ch ‚ central heating

2a) Baker Road. One bed ground floor flat. D/g, ff, with gge. With kitchen/dining room and showerin bathroom. Avail for 6 month let. N/s and strictly no pets. £540 pcm.

Double glazing, fully furnished, garage, available, no smoking, per calendar month

2b) Russell Crescent. Two bed house with gge. Includes entrance hall, fitted kitchen and garden. Avail immed. Has d/g and gch. Refneeded. £307 pw.

Garage, available, immediately, double glazing,gas central heating, reference, per week

Framework for teaching EnglishYear 7 – W14, R1, R2, R6; Year 8 – W7c, R4; Year 9 – R1

Adult core curriculaRt/E3.1, Rt/E3.7, Rt/E3.8, Rw/E3.2, Rw/E3.2

A place to rent, pages 21–22

1. £115.38 per week

2. £650 per month

3. £380.77 per week

4. £182.31 per week

5. £541.67 per month

6. £121.15 per week

7. £144.23 per week

8. £476.67 per month

9. Orpwood Road

10. Hatchford Road

11. Hall Street

12. St David’s Street

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b


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KS4 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b

Adult core curriculaN2/L1.5; MSS1/L1.1

Deposits on rented homes, pages 23–24

1. £1,093.85

2. £750

3. £2,284.62

4. £576.92

5. £500

6. £692.31

7. Paradise Street works out the cheapest at £1041.67

8. St David’s Street works out the most expensive at£3,934.62

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.2e, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4bKS4 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.2e, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b

Adult core curriculaN1/E3.2, N1/E3.4, N2/L1.9; MSS1/L1.1

Council housing, pages 25–26

1. £2,392.52

2. £248.65

3. £2,020.72

4. £1,716.52

5. £227.11

6. £2,983.76

7. £168.39

8. £2,725.32

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.2e, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4bKS4 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.2e, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b

Adult core curriculaN1/E3.2, N1/E3.4, N2/L1.9; MSS1/L1.1

Getting on the property ladder, page 27

1. People are finding it difficult to get on the property ladder because there is a widening gapbetween the cost of houses and income.

2. Having a financial history with a mortgage lender can help you borrow money in the future because, as long as you always make your repayments, it shows other lenders that you are reliable.

3. Other advantages to owning your own home could include:

• It is a nest egg for the future.

• Owning gives you security because you can live in the house for as long as you want.

• Owning your own house gives you the freedom to decorate or restorate to your heart’s content.

EnglishEn2.1a, En2.4a

Framework for teaching EnglishYear 7 – W14, R1, R2; Year 8 – W7c, R1; Year 9 – R1

PSHEKS3 – 1g; KS4 – 1e

Key skills C1.2.1

Adult core curriculaRt/E3.1, Rt/E3.4, Rt/E3.5, Rt/E3.8, Wt/E2.1,Ww/E3.3

How much can I borrow?, pages 28–29

1. £120,000

2. £105,000

3. £57,000


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4. £110,000

5. £72,000

6. £75,000

7. £111,000

8. £90,000

9. £120,000

10. £72,500

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.2e, Ma2.3a, Ma2.3m, Ma2.4bKS4 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.2e, Ma2.3a, Ma2.3m, Ma2.4b


Shared ownership, pages 30–31

1. Mortgage needed: £60,750










Shared ownership – how much will it

cost?, pages 32–33

1. £530.52

2. £98.32

3. Bedford Road

4. £520.38

5. £600.44

6. Long Lane

7. £923.26

8. Long Lane

9. £140.24

10. £650.47




Propertytype

50%purchase

price

Mortgageper month

Rental permonth

Total costper month

Puddle Road

2-bed flat £71,500 £413.41 £178.75 £592.16

ChurchLane

2-bed flat £72,500 £419.19 £181.25 £600.44

Snow HillRoad

2-bed house

£90,000 £520.38 £225.00 £745.38

ArcherStreet

3-bed house

£102,000 £589.76 £256.25 £846.01

BedfordRoad

2-bed flat £75,000 £433.65 £133.53 £567.18

Long Lane3-bed house

£68,750 £397.51 £98.32 £495.83

Milton Row 1-bed flat £67,500 £390.28 £140.24 £530.52

LondonRoad

1-bed flat £92,500 £534.83 £211.83 £746.66

MiddleStreet

3-bed house

£112,500 £650.47 £127.87 £778.34

HoptonRoad

4-bed house

£122,500 £708.29 £214.97 £923.26

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Running your own home can be an expensive business. Owning your own home canbe even more expensive. For some people just getting enough money to pay a depositon a mortgage is a real struggle. So many people choose to rent instead. This meanspaying someone a monthly or weekly fee to live in their property.

Quite often houses or flats to rent are advertised in newspapers or on the internet. Tofit in as much information in the advert as possible, shortened forms of words areoften used. These are called abbreviations.

1. Use arrows to match the abbreviation to its full version.

2. Renting a home

avail

gch

d/g

immed

ff

pcm

gge

pw

n/s

inc

unfurn

p/f

ref

ch

double glazing

available

per week

part furnished

unfurnished

central heating

per calendarmonth

gas centralheating

reference needed

garage

non smoker

including bills

fully furnished

immediately

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2. Scan these adverts from a newspaper, highlight all of the abbreviations andwrite down what each one means.

a)

Baker Road. One bed ground floor flat. D/g, ff, with gge. With kitchen/diningroom and shower in bathroom. Avail for 6 month let. N/s and strictly no pets.£540 pcm.

b)

Russell Crescent. Two bed house with gge. Includes entrance hall, fitted kitchenand garden. Avail immed. Has d/g and gch. Ref needed. £307 pw.

2. Renting a home

Abbreviation Meaning

Abbreviation Meaning

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When you see adverts for houses or flats to rent, the money is payable per calendarmonth (pcm) or per week (pw). Make sure you know the payment terms otherwiseyou may think you’re getting a bargain when you could be paying a small fortune.

If you are looking at lots of properties you will need to compare like with like. Thesesums tell you what to do.

To work out how much a property costs per week when you only know the pcm price you need to do this sum:

pcm x 12, then divide this answer by 52.

To work out how much property costs per month when you only know the pw price you need to do this sum:

pw x 52, then divide this answer by 12.

Look at each of these adverts for properties to rent in Birmingham and answerthe questions on page 22.

2. A place to rent

Birmingham Post 13 March

Hall Street. Spacious two-bedroom apartment.Unfurnished. £790 pcm

Avon Court. Two bed house.Unfurnished. £150 pw

Orpwood Road. Two-bedroom house. Unfurnished.£500 pcm

Hatchford Road. One-bedroom apartment. Furnished.£110 pw

Quinton Court. One-bedroom apartment. Furnishedwith parking. £525 pcm

St David’s Street. Three-bedapartment. Furnished. £1650pcm

Snow Hill Road. Two-bedroom flat. £625 pcm

Paradise Street. Two-bedroom apartment. Furnished.£125 pw

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1. How much does it cost to rent the two-bedroom flat on Orpwood Road per week?

2. How much does the two-bedroom house on AvonCourt cost per month?

3. How much does it cost to rent the three-bedroomapartment on St David’s Street per week?

4. How much does it cost to rent the two-bedroom apartment on Hall Street per week?

5. How much does it cost to rent the two-bedroom apartment on Paradise Street per month?

6. How much does it cost to rent the one-bedroom apartment on Quinton Court per week?

7. How much does it cost to rent the two-bedroom flat on Snow Hill Road per week?

8. How much does it cost to rent the one-bedroom apartment on Hatchford Road per month?

9. Which two-bedroom house or apartment is the cheapest to rent?

10. Which one-bedroom apartment or house is the cheapest to rent?

11. Which two-bedroom house or apartment is the most expensive to rent?

12. Which property is the most expensive to rent overall?

2. A place to rent

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When you rent a house or apartment from a private landlord, you often have to paythem a deposit. This deposit, by law, will never be for more than two months’ rent. Itis usually for between four and six weeks’ rent.

The deposit covers the property owner for any damage that may happen to thehouse or flat while you are living in it. This can include damage to fixtures andfittings, furniture, cleaning, removing rubbish, unpaid rent and replacing locks if youhave lost the keys or not returned them.

Having to pay not only your first months’ rent, but a hefty deposit as well, can makeyour first few months in you new home a bit more difficult. By checking out howmuch deposit and how much rent you need to pay it will give you a better idea abouthow you’re going to finance your move.

In April 2007 a new rule was introduced to stop landlords from unfairly keeping atenant’s deposit when he or she moves out. It is called the Tenancy Deposit Protectionscheme. There are two different types of scheme.

The first works by putting the deposit into a holding account, which is looked after bythe scheme. When the tenant moves out, as long as there has been no damage tothe property, the tenant will get his or her deposit back in full. If there are anyarguments about the deposit, the scheme looks after the money until it has beensorted out.

The second scheme works by providing insurance cover. If the landlord does not giveback the deposit when the tenant moves out, despite there being no reason for thelandlord to keep it, the insurance company will cover the cost.

Work out how much the deposit will be for each of these properties.

1. The two-bedroom apartment on Hall Street costs £790pcm and the deposit is six weeks’ rent. How much does the deposit cost?

2. The two-bedroom flat on Avon Court costs £150pw and the deposit is five weeks’ rent. How much does the deposit cost?

3. The three-bedroom apartment on St David’s Street costs £1650pcm and the deposit is six weeks’ rent. How much does the deposit cost?

2. Deposits on rented homes

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4. The two-bedroom flat on Snow Hill Road costs £625pcm and the deposit is four weeks’ rent. How much does the deposit cost?

5. The two-bedroom apartment on Paradise Street costs £125pw and the deposit is four weeks’ rent. How much does the deposit cost?

6. The two-bedroom house on Orpwood Road costs £500pcm and the deposit is six weeks rent. How much does the deposit cost?

7. Which house or apartment works out the cheapest for the first months’ rent and deposit?

8. Which house or apartment works out the most expensive for the first months’ rent and deposit?

2. Deposits on rented homes

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If you struggle to afford to rent or buy a house there are other options available toyou. Each council in the United Kingdom has houses and flats that are available topeople living in the area. These properties are normally much cheaper than privatelyrented accommodation. The council will decide whether you are eligible for councilhousing by using a point system to assess your situation. Your current home (or lackof one) and who you are responsible for (children, disabled people), will affect thekind of home you may get and how quickly you get one.

This table shows how much council housing rent in Falkirk cost per week in2007/2008. Use this table to answer the questions on page 26.

2. Council housing

No. of rooms Weekly rent

1 £33.01

2 £38.86

3 £46.01

4 £52.41

5 £57.38

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1. How much does it cost per year to rent a three-bedroom property?

2. How much does it cost per month to rent a five-bedroom property?

3. How much does it cost per year to rent a two-bedroom property?

4. How much does it cost per year to rent a one-bedroom property?

5. How much does it cost per month to rent a four-bedroom property?

6. How much does it cost per year to rent a five-bedroom property?

7. How much does it cost per month to rent a two-bedroom property?

8. How much does it cost per year to rent a four-bedroom property?

Housing associations are the other type of organisation that provides low-cost,affordable housing. Housing associations can help you find a place to rent or a placeto buy.

Use the internet to find housing associations in your area. Type ‘housingassociation’ and then the name of the city, town or county you live in into asearch engine. Make a list of their names and the sorts of accommodation eachassociation provides.

2. Council housing

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Read this information about getting on the property ladder and answer thequestions.

Getting on the property ladder is becoming more and more difficult. Houseprices have soared over the past few years making it more difficult for first-timebuyers to buy a home. Over the past decade the average age of first-time buyershas increased from mid-twenties to mid-thirties. Part of the problem is thewidening gap between house prices and income.

Rising house prices have led to lots of people buying properties with someoneelse, whether it be a partner, friend or family member. It makes the wholeprocess a lot easier and cheaper!

Buying a home instead of renting has a lot of advantages. Buying a house is anest-egg for the future. Most houses increase in value over the years, whichmeans that you will be making money while you are living in your house. Payingrent will only line the pockets of your landlord!

Owning your own home also gives you security. As long as you can make therepayments on your mortgage, you can live in the house for as long as you want,without the threat of someone turfing you out six months down the line!

Freedom is another advantage when you own your own place. You can decorateit how you want; you can keep pets and make any changes to the propertywithout having to get someone else’s permission.

The final advantage to buying a house is that it can help you to create a financialhistory with the company that lends you the money. This can make it mucheasier to borrow money in the future, because if you always pay on time otherlenders will see that you have a good credit history, and will be more likely tolend you money.

1. Why are people finding it so difficult to get on the property ladder?

2. Why can having a financial history with a mortgage lender help you borrowmoney in the future?

3. Give two other advantages to owning your own home.

2. Getting on the property ladder

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To get a mortgage you need to be working and earning a steady income. If you arebuying a house on your own, the maximum amount of money you can borrow isusually based on your salary x 3 (in some cases it can stretch to 3.5). If you are buyinga house with someone else the amount you can borrow is both your salaries x 2.5.

For example, Nathan earns £25,000 per year, so the maximum he can borrow is:

£25,000 x 3 = £75,000

If Nathan decided to buy a house with his partner, who earns £18,000 per year, themaximum they could borrow would be:

£25,000 + £18,000 = £43,000

£43,000 x 2.5 = £107,500

Since the Credit Crunch, some lenders have chosen to use an “ability to pay” score tocalculate how much money they will lend you. This is worked out using an incomeand expenditure assessment. If you have any debts such as loans or credit card bills,this can affect how much you are allowed to borrow.

Work out how much money each of these people can borrow to buy a house.

1. Debbie earns £18,000 a year and Mark earns £25,000 a year. How much money could they borrow if they decide to buy a house together?

2. Yung earns £35,000 per year. How much money could he borrow?

3. Charlie earns £19,000 per year. How much money could he borrow?

4. Will earns £14,000 per year and April earns £30,000 per year. How much money could they borrow if they decide to buy a house together?

5. Misha earns £24,000 per year. How much moneycould she borrow?

6. Jade and Katie both earn £15,000 per year. How much money could they borrow if they decide to buy a house together?

2. How much can I borrow?

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7. Barclay earns £37,000 per year. How much money could he borrow?

8. Aidan earns £12,000 per year and Becca earns £24,000. How much money could they borrow if they decide to buy a house together?

9. Justine earns £40,000 per year. How much could she borrow?

10. Louise earns £13,000 a year and Dan earns £16,000 per year. How much money could they borrow if they decide to buy a house together?

Another factor affecting your mortgage deal is the size of the deposit you can affordto pay upfront. Until recently mortgages of 100% of the value of the property werevery common. This is no longer the case. Most lenders are requesting a deposit ofbetween 3 and 25% of the value of the property. In many cases, the bigger yourdeposit, the lower the rate of interest charged on the mortgage.

If you are thinking of buying a house, the more you save up before you find yourdream property, the easier it will be to get a good mortgage rate.

2. How much can I borrow?

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If house prices are going up, and wages are not, how are you supposed to afford toget on the property ladder? One solution to the problem is shared ownership.

Shared ownership lets you buy a share of a property (for example 50%) from ahousing association. You pay the mortgage to your lender and you also pay rent tothe housing association for the share that they own. This method helps a lot ofpeople get their foot on the rung; it means you don’t have to get a huge,unaffordable mortgage but are at least taking steps towards investing in your ownproperty. In time, when you can afford to, you may be able to buy the whole propertyfrom the housing association.

Work out how much the mortgage would be for each of these shared ownershipproperties.

Mortgage needed

1. Description: Two-bedroom flat

Property value: £135,000

Share percentage: 45%




3. Description: Three-bedroom house



4. Description: Four-bedroom house



2. Shared ownership

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Mortgage needed




6. Description: Two-bedroom house



7. Description: Three-bedroom house



8. Description: Three-bedroom flat



2. Shared ownership

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Because shared ownership means you buy a percentage of the home and rent therest, it is vital to work out exactly how much it will cost you per month for theproperty.

Fill in the missing amounts in this table and then answer the questions on page33.

2. Shared ownership – how much will it cost?

Property type

50% purchase

price

Mortgage per month

Rental permonth

Total cost per month

Puddle Road

2-bed flat £71,500 £413.41 £178.75

Church Lane 2-bed flat £72,500 £181.25 £600.44

Snow Hill Road

2-bed house £90,000 £520.38 £745.38

Archer Street 3-bed house £102,000 £589.76 £256.25

Bedford Road 2-bed flat £75,000 £433.65 £567.18

Long Lane 3-bed house £68,750 £98.32 £495.83

Milton Row 1-bed flat £67,500 £390.28 £530.52

London Road 1-bed flat £92,500 £534.83 £211.83

Middle Street 3-bed house £112,500 £650.47 £778.34

Hopton Road 4-bed house £122,500 £708.29 £214.97

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1. How much in total will you pay for the cheapest 1-bedroom flat each month?

2. How much rent would you have to pay for the house on Long Lane each month?

3. Which is the cheapest two-bedroom property?

4. How much would the mortgage be per month for the house on Snow Hill Road?

5. In total, how much would it cost each month to live in the flat on Church Lane?

6. Which is the cheapest three-bedroom property?

7. How much will it cost each month to live in the house on Hopton Road?

8. Which property is the cheapest overall?

9. How much rent would you have to pay for the flat on Milton Row each month?

10. How much would the mortgage be per month for the house on Middle Street?

2. Shared ownership – how much will it cost?

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Aims

• To help students understand the need for insurance.

• To compare the cost of insurance according to location.

• To work out how much insurance they need.

• To find out about the Boscastle flood and its impact on insurance.



• Types of insurance.

• Why do you need building and contents insurance?

• The cost of insurance.

• Home contents insurance.

• That’s why you need it!


You will need access to the internet for ‘Why do youneed building and contents insurance?’.


‘Types of insurance’ requires students to matchdefinitions to names of insurance cover.

‘Why do you need building and contents insurance?’gives students information about the need forinsurance and asks them to complete a researchactivity using the internet.

‘The cost of insurance’ provides students with achart comparing the cost of insurance in differentareas of the UK. Students have to answer thequestions and compare some of the data using abar chart.

‘Home contents insurance’ provides students with alist of items likely to be in their homes and requiresthem to work out their total replacement value.

‘That’s why you need it’ is a comprehension activityabout the 2004 flood in Boscastle. All the answersare numbers.

Extension work

1. To help your students become more familiar withsome of the more difficult terms used in this section, ask them to complete the wordladder onpage 95.

2. Ask your students to choose two words from the glossary for Section 3 on page 100 and write a sentence for each word putting the word in an appropriate context. This will show that they have an understanding of the terms.

3. As a follow up to ‘Types of insurance’ you could ask students to choose two of the types of insurance listed and to compare three online quotes for it.

4. As a follow up to ‘Why do you need building andcontents insurance?’ you could ask students to compare the relative costs of insurance and claims with examples of policies with different amounts of excess.

5. You can extend ‘Home contents insurance’ by asking students to find out about the consequences of making a home insurance claim while being under-insured.

3. Insurance

This section will teach your students about homeinsurance – why it is needed and its relative costs.

35

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Answers and mapping

Types of insurance, page 37

Travel Ë Covers you if you have to cancel yourholiday or it is cut short by reasons out of yourcontrol such as unexpected illness. It also covers youif you miss your transport or it is delayed. Medicalor emergency expenses, personal injury or death,accidental damage or injury caused by you, andlost, damaged or stolen personal property are allcovered.

Contents Ë Covers you for theft, loss or damage topossessions in your home.

Building Ë Covers the structure of your homeagainst damage that might be caused by fire, floodor storm. You have to have this insurance if you ownyour home.

Car Ë Covers you if you injure someone or damagesomeone else’s property while driving a car. It cancover damage to your own car too.

Medical/health Ë Pays your bills if you need privatemedical care.

Payment protection Ë Covers you if youunexpectedly can’t make loan or mortgagerepayments due to accident, illness, unemploymentor death.

Dental Ë Cover if you need to have any treatmentdone on your teeth.

Pet Ë Cover if your pet gets ill or is injured.

Income protection Ë Replaces part of your incomeif you can’t work due to long-term illness ordisability.

Critical illness cover Ë Pays out a lump sum if youare diagnosed with certain life-threateningconditions such as some types of cancer or heartattack.

Life insurance/assurance Ë In the event of yourdeath by paying out a fixed cash lump sum.

NCPSHEKS3 – 1g; KS4 – 1e

Framework for teaching EnglishYear 7 – W14, W20; Year 8 – W7c, W10

Adult core curriculaRs/E2.1, Rs/E2.3, Rs/E2.4

Why do you need building and contents

insurance?, pages 38–39

To complete this task successfully, the learner shouldbe able to extract the correct information fromhis/her research on the internet.

NCEnglishEn2.1a, En3.3, En5a, En5b, En3.9b

ICT KS3 – 1a, 1b, 2a; KS4 – 1a, 2b


Framework for teaching EnglishYear 7 – W14, R1, R2, R6, Wr11; Year 8 – W7c, R1,R2, Wr10; Year 9 – R2, Wr9

Key skills C1.2.1, C1.2.2, C1.2.3, C1.3.1, C1.3.2, C1.3.3,ICT1.1.1

Adult core curriculaRt/E3.1, Rt/E3.3, Rt/E3.4, Rt/E3.7, Rt/E3.8, Rs/E3.1,Rw/E3.1, Rw/E3.5, Ws/E3.1, Ws/E3.2, Ws/E3.3,Ww/E3.1, Ww/E3.3

3. Insurance

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The cost of insurance, pages 40–42

1. Bishops Castle, Shropshire

2. Camden/City of Westminster

3. £719.29

4. £261.70

5. £244.74

6. £209.62

7. £525.76

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b; KS4 – Ma2.1a,Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b


Key skills N1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2, N1.3.3

Adult core curriculaMSS1/E3.1, N1/L1.3, N2/L1.4, HD1/L1.1, HD1/L1.2

Home contents insurance, pages 43–44

Answers will vary. You should check the realism ofthe list of contents and the accuracy of thecalculations.

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4bKS4 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b

Adult core curriculaRw/E3.3, N2/L1.5; MSS1/L1.1

That’s why you need it!, page 45

1. 37.5mm

2. 7.5cm

3. £15million

4. August 16 2004

5. Around 50

6. Two billion litres

NCEnglishEn2.1a, En5a, En5b, En3.9b


Framework for teaching EnglishYear 7 – W14, R1, R2, R6; Year 8 – W7c, R1, R2;Year 9 – R2

Key skills C1.2.1, C1.2.2, C1.2.3

Adult core curriculaRt/E3.1, Rt/E3.3, Rt/E3.4, Rt/E3.7, Rt/E3.8, Rs/E3.1,Rw/E3.1, Rw/E3.5, Ww/E3.1, Ww/E3.3

3. Insurance

Chart to show the average insurancepremiums in the top 10 mostexpensive areas in the UK

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Insurance is an agreement where you pay a company money and they pay your costsif you have an accident or injury or something you own is damaged or lost. In somecases you have to take out insurance, for example when you buy a house. In othercases you don’t have to, but taking out insurance is a wise move.

Match these different types of insurance with the correct definition.

3. Types of insurance

Cover if you need to have any treatment done on yourteeth.

Covers you for theft, loss or damage to possessions inyour home.

Covers the structure of your home against damage thatmight be caused by fire, flood or storm. You have to havethis insurance if you own your home.

Covers you if you unexpectedly can’t make loan ormortgage repayments due to accident, illness,unemployment or death.

Pays out a lump sum if you find you have certain life-threatening conditions such as some types of cancer orheart attack.

In the event of your death this pays out a fixed cash lumpsum.

Replaces part of your income if you can’t work due tolong-term illness or disability.

Covers you if you injure someone or damage someoneelse’s property while driving a car. It can cover damageto your own car too.

Cover if your pet gets ill or is injured.

Pays your bills if you need private medical care.

Covers you if you have to cancel your holiday or if aholiday is cut short by reasons out of your control suchas unexpected illness. It also covers you if you miss yourtransport or it is delayed. Medical or emergencyexpenses, personal injury or death, accidental damageor injury caused by you, and lost, damaged or stolenpersonal property are all covered.

Travel

Contents

Building

Car

Medical/health

Dental

Pet

Paymentprotection

Life insurance/assurance

Critical illnesscover

Incomeprotection

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When you buy a house you have to take out building insurance. This kind ofinsurance will pay out money to you if the structure of your house is damaged. Thisincludes any damage to the roof, floor, ceilings, doors and windows and should coverthe full cost of rebuilding your home altogether, if necessary.

Contents insurance is another type of insurance that is recommended if you rent orown your home, but you don’t have to have it. This type of insurance covers yourpersonal belongings and the things in your home and garden from loss or damage.Items include furniture, electrical appliances, clothing, food and drink and domesticappliances.

Building and contents insurance usually covers any damage caused by:

• earthquakes

• theft

• bad weather, such as floods and storms

• falling trees

• fire

• lightning

• explosions

• aircraft or things falling from them

• impact from a vehicle

You should think hard when you choose where to buy your building or contentsinsurance. It is always best to get several different quotes. Don’t just go with the firstcompany you find. Check what each policy covers. Some might not cover you againstflood damage for example. You should also check how much excess you might haveto pay. Excess is the first amount that you have to pay yourself. It could be £50, itcould be £200, but it is worth knowing what you are signing up to first.

3. Why do you need building and contents insurance?

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Use the internet to find out how much it would cost to get building insurancefrom each of these companies. You should expect to have to put in some of yourpersonal details such as who you live with, your postcode, the birth date of theoldest person living in the house and even whether or not you live in aneighbourhood watch area!

You could use a comparison website to research insurance costs. There are lots youcould choose from including: www.moneysupermarket.com,www.comparethemarket.com and www.confused.com.

3. Why do you need building and contents insurance?

Name of insurer

Web address Premium Excess amount

Halifax www.halifax.co.uk

Churchill www.churchill.com

Norwich Union www.norwichunion.com

Tesco www.tescofinance.com

The AA www.theaa.com

More Than www.morethan.com

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The cost of buildings and contents insurance can vary depending on where you live inthe country. The difference in price can be for a number of reasons including thecrime rate in your area, the average value of property or the risk of flooding in yourarea.

Based on a three-bedroom house these tables show the 10 most expensive andthe 10 cheapest areas for home insurance. Use the tables to answer thequestions on pages 41–42.

3. The cost of insurance

Postcode Post area Average premium

NW1 Camden/City of Westminster £903.81

HU3 Hull £552.00

DN32 Grimsby £489.23

TN17 Goudhurst/Cranbrook, Kent £479.88

CT5 Whitstable, Kent £477.98

L8 Liverpool £476.69

IG10 Loughton, Essex £473.10

ME11 Queensborough, Isle of Sheppey £470.45

G42 Glasgow £469.70

M14 Manchester £464.77

The 10 most expensive areas in the UK for home insurance

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1. Which area has the cheapest average premium?

2. Which area has the most expensive average premium?

3. How much cheaper is the average premium in Bishops Castle than in Camden?


Postcode Post area Average premium

SY9 Bishops Castle, Shropshire £184.52

EX19 Winkleigh, Devon £189.73

SA64 Goodwick, Pembrokeshire £206.78

PL28 Padstow, Cornwall £208.00

IV6 Muir of Ord, Scotland £208.12

KW16 Orkney, Scotland £215.33

LL77 Llangefni, Anglesey £219.69

KW12 Halkirk, Scotland £220.03

KA28Millport, Island of GreatCumbrae

£221.51

IP16 Leiston, Suffolk £222.45

The 10 cheapest areas in the UK for home insurance

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4. How much cheaper is the average premium in Padstow, Cornwall than in Glasgow?

5. How much cheaper is the average premium in Halkirk, Scotland than in Manchester?

6. Workout the (mean) average premium of the cheapest areas in the UK.

7. Workout the (mean) average premium of the most expensive areas in the UK.

8. On a separate piece of paper draw a bar chart to show the average premiums in each of the postal areas for the 10 most expensive areas.


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Do you know how much your things are worth? Many people make the mistake ofguessing the value of the contents of their home. This is a bad idea. If somethingwere to happen in your house, imagine how much it would cost to replace all of yourpersonal possessions and furniture. This is why it is a good idea to go round everyroom in your home and price up everything you own. Many home insurers haveforms to fill in to help make sure you don’t miss anything.

Use this form to fill in the value of the contents in your home. If you have morethan one bedroom, use the guidelines for the main bedroom for the others.

Living room Kitchen

3. Home contents insurance

Sofa/furniture

CD player

Television

Video/DVDplayer

Gamesconsole/games

Flooring

Lighting/lamps

Curtains

Other

Moveablefurniture

Fridge/freezer

Washingmachine

Tumble dryer

Cooker

Microwave

Dishwasher

China/crockery

Kitchen utensils

Flooring

Lighting

Curtains

Other

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Dining room Main bedroom

Bathroom Entertainment

Total for all rooms =

3. Home contents insurance

Furniture

China/crockery

Cutlery

Table linen

Wines/spirits

Flooring

Lighting

Curtains

Other

Furniture

Clothes/accessories

Shoes

Make-up/toiletries

Television

DVD player

Flooring

Lighting

Curtains

Other

Towels

Furniture

Flooring

Lighting

Curtains

Other

CDs/records

Videos/DVDs

Books

Computer/laptop

CD player

Camera/video

Toys/games

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Read the information about the flooding of Boscastle and answer the questions.

On August 16 2004 the small Cornish village of Boscastle was severely flooded.Despite it being the height of summer about 75mm of rain fell in just two hours.This sudden downpour caused two rivers that ran into the village to burst theirbanks and flow through the main streets. It has been estimated that about twobillion litres of water washed through the village that day. This water destroyedwalls and washed away cars (around fifty vehicles were written off) and even theriverbanks themselves. The water also damaged at least 50 local shops andbusinesses, as well as people’s homes, causing millions of pounds of damage.Luckily nobody was killed.

Estimates are that car and contents insurance companies paid out £15million tothe tiny village to repair the damage caused by the floods.

Without insurance, most of the people of Boscastle would have been unable torebuild their lives or replace their belongings damaged by the floods. This isone example where having insurance certainly did pay off.

1. How many mm of water fell in Boscastle in one hour?

2. How many cm of water fell in Boscastle in two hours?

3. How much money was paid out to the villagers ofBoscastle in insurance?

4. On what date did the Boscastle disaster occur?

5. How many vehicles were destroyed by the floods?

6. How many litres of water were estimated to havewashed through the village?

3. That’s why you need it

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Aims

• To teach students how to read meters.

• To teach students how to check and calculate utility charges.

• To give students the skills they need to compare charges.



• Reading meters

• Comparing your meter and your bill

• The cost of power

• Paying bills – different ways

• Why use direct debit?

• Choosing a supplier

• Monthly outgoings

• When to pay the bills

• How to read a water meter

• How much water?

• Council tax

• Where does your money go?

• TV licence

• Identifying luxury bills


If you want to carry out the extension activities forworksheets on gas/electricity bills and council tax,you will need access to the internet.


The first three pages of this section aim to teachstudents how to read utility meters. ‘Readingmeters’, ‘Comparing your meter and your bill’ and‘The cost of power’ fit well together as a combinedactivity.

‘Paying bills’ is a comprehension style activity wherestudents have to decide which payment method ismost appropriate for the people’s circumstances.

‘Why use direct debit?’ is a comprehension activitywhere students have to list the advantages ofpaying by direct debit.

‘Choosing a supplier’ is a numeracy activity wherestudents have to compare the relative costs ofdifferent suppliers and different payment methods.You may need to remind some students that thereare 12 months in the year and run through aworked example for the whole class.

‘Monthly outgoings’ helps students use a calendarto plan when to pay bills.

‘When to pay the bills’ is another numeracy activitywhere students calculate monthly payments forutility bills.

‘How to read a water meter’ and ‘How muchwater?’ aim to teach students how to read watermeters and make calculations based on thereadings. These worksheets fit well together as ajoint activity.

‘Council tax’ provides students with a chartcomparing the cost of council tax in different cities.Students have to answer the questions and comparedata using a bar chart.

4. Bills, bills, bills

This section will give your students all the skills theyneed to deal with household bills.

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‘Where does your money go?’ provides studentswith a pie chart showing how one council spends itstax. Students have to carry out calculations basedon the information in the chart.

‘TV licence’ is a numeracy activity where studentscalculate the relative costs of paying for a TVlicence using different payment methods.

‘Identifying luxury bills’ is a classification activitywhere students have to identify bills that could beclassed as non-essential luxuries.

Extension work

1. To help your students become more familiar withsome of the more difficult terms used in this section, ask them to complete the crossword on page 96.

2. Ask your students to choose four words from the glossary for section 4 on page 101 and write a sentence for each word putting the word in an appropriate context. This will show that they have an understanding of the terms.

3. All of the meter reading activities could be followed up with additional practice. You could split your class into four groups and ask each group to produce meter readings for the other groups to read. They could all then calculate the cost of the energy/water used.

4. There is some crossover with the skills taught in Money Management – Smart Consumer. You may find some of the worksheets from Smart Consumer would be helpful to use at this point.

5. There are many websites that compare costs of gas and electricity suppliers. You could set your students the task of finding the best deal for different types of households. www.moneysupermarket.com is a good place to start.

6. You could extend the work on council tax by asking students to find out the costs of council tax in your local area. They could also try to find out how their council spends its money (as in ‘Where does your money go?’).

Answers and mapping

Reading meters, pages 51–52

1. 3856

2. 86394

3. 3805

4. 9274

5. 7205

6. 07345

Key skillsN1.1.1

Adult core curriculaHD1/L1.1

Comparing your meter and your bill, page

53

1. Overestimated by 427 units.

2. Underestimated by 91 units.

3. Overestimated by 545 units.

4. This is the correct reading.

Key skillsN1.1.1

Adult core curriculaN1/L1.1, N1/L1.3, HD1/L1.1

The cost of power, pages 54–55

1. 544

2. 9.02 pence

3. 005645


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4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4bKS4 – Ma2.1a, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b


Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2

Adult core curriculaN1/L1.1, N1/L1.3, N1/E3.4, HD1/E2.1

Paying bills – different ways, pages 56–57

1. A meter

2. Quarterly bill

3. Standing order

NCEnglishEn2.1a


Adult core curriculaRt/E3.1, Rt/E3.8, Ws/E2.1

Why use direct debit?, page 58

The student should use the information on theworksheet to come up with as many points aspossible as to why Dave should choose direct debitas the method to pay his bills.

EnglishEn2.1a, En2.1b, En2.1c, En2.1d


Framework for teaching EnglishYear 7 – W14, R1, R2, R4, R6, R7, R8, R11; Year 8 – W7c, R1, R2, R3, R4; Year 9 – R2

Key skills C1.2.1, C1.2.2, C1.2.3, C1.3.1

Adult core curriculaRt/L1.1, Rt/L1.2, Rt/L1.4, Rt/L1.5, Rs/L1.1, Rw/L1.2,Rw/L1.3, Ww/L1.1, Ww/L1.2

Choosing a supplier, pages 59–60

1. Atlantic Electric and Gas

2. Southern Electric

3. Atlantic Electric and Gas

4. EDF Energy pre-payment meter

5. Atlantic Electric and Gas monthly direct debit

6. £51 per year

7. £35 per year

8. £66 per year

9. Your answer to this question will depend on yourpersonal, financial situation.

MathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4bKS4 – Ma2.1a, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b


Key skills N1.1.1

Adult core curriculaN2/E3.3, MSS1/E3.1, HD1/E3.1


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Monthly outgoings, page 61

1. Natalie = £95.05

2. James = £90.82

3. Raj = £146.61

4. Grace = £114.99

5. Jessie = £105.48

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b; KS4 – Ma2.1a,Ma2.3a, Ma2.4b


Key skills N1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2

Adult core curriculaMSS1/E3.1, N1/L1.3, N2/L1.4

When to pay the bills, pages 62–63

Adult core curriculaWt/E1.1, Ws/E11, Ww/E1.1, MSS1/E3.3

How to read a water meter, pages 64–65

1. 8 Waterford Road = 303

1. Grove Corner = 638

3. Ivy House = 716

4. Clover Cottage = 282

5. 4 Shrewsbury Road = 738

6. 3 Church Lane = 728

Key skillsN1.1.1

Adult core curriculaHD1/L1.1

How much water?, pages 66–67

1. 26,400 gallons

2. 62,700 gallons

3. 77,220 gallons

4. 18,700 gallons

5. 54,340 gallons

6. 98,780 gallons

7. 980 litres per week

8. 215.6 gallons

9. £1.88 per week



Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2

Adult core curriculaN1/L2.2, MSS1/L1.1, MSS1/L1.4, MSS1/L2.6


M T W T F S S

1 2Jodie –Mobilephone

3 4

5Jodie –

6

Tom –Gas

7

Tom –Counciltax

8

Tom –Electricity

9

Jodie –Carinsurance

10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21

Jodie –Water

22

Jodie –Counciltax

23

Jodie –Electricity

24 25

26

Jodie –Gas

27

Tom –Mobilephone

28

Tom –Water

29 30

50

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Council tax, pages 68–69

1. Band C

2. £1,422.21

3. Band H

4. £904.27

5. £1,536.51

6. £1,638.99

7. £1,452.96

8. £1,449.09

9. £1,406.05

10. Birmingham

11.



Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2, N1.3.3

Adult core curriculaN1/L1.3, MSS1/E3.1, HD1/E3.1, HD1/L1.2

Where does your money go?, pages 70–71

1. £101.06

2. £1,087.15

3. £107.18

4. £55.12

5. £1,304.58

6. £35.73

7. £122.50

8. £652.29

9. £119.43

10. £91.87



Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2, N1.3.3

Adult core curriculaN1/L1.1, N1/L1.3, MSS1/E3.1, HD1/E3.1, HD1/L1.2

TV licence, page 72

1. 36p

2. £2.53

3. 12p

4. 85p

5. £1,000



Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2, N1.3.3

Adult core curriculaN1/L1.1, N1/L1.3, MSS1/E3.1, HD1/E3.1, HD1/L1.2

Identifying luxury bills, page 73

Your students should identify which outgoings theyfeel are a luxury and they could live without.

Adult core curriculaRw/E1.1, HD1/E1.2


0

500

1000

1500

2000

A graph to show the mean average council tax bill in each area

Stoke

on Tr

ent

South

ampto

n

Man

ches

ter

Birmin

ghamNew

cast

le u

pon Tyne

£145

2.96

£135

6.51

1449

.09

£140

6.05

£638

.99

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To make sure you are not paying more for your utility bills than you need to youshould always make sure you pay bills based on a reading not an estimate. You cantake a meter reading and send it to the company that supplies you with your gas orelectricity. This gives them the information they need to work out exactly how muchthey should charge you, instead of asking you to pay for an estimate.

There are three different types of meter that you might see. This is how you wouldread each meter:

4. Reading meters

51

9 4 5 5 3 2

09455 000

If the meter reading display lookslike this then you should use thefirst four figures only.

If the meter display looks like this youshould use the first five digits.

If the meter display has dials youshould use the numbers on thebottom four dials from left to right. Ifa hand is between two numbers, usethe lower one.

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Now practise your meter reading skills. Read these meters and write themeasurements in the boxes below.

4. Reading meters

3 8 0 5 8 2

7 2 0 5 6 3

863947 00

07345 75

3. 4.

5. 6.

1. 2.

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To double check that you are being charged the right amount of money for your gasor electricity you should compare your meter reading with the reading on your bill. Ifthe gas or electricity company have used an estimate of your energy consumption,the chances are you could be paying a lot more than you need to.

Compare the meter reading on the bill with the reading on the meter. If thereading is not correct, how far out is it?

4. Comparing your meter and your bill

8 4 7 5 0 0

Last time This time Units used

007284 008902 1618

9 2 6 4 0 0


008347 009173 826

6 2 9 4 0 0


005273 006839 1566

1.

2.

3.

5 5 8 3 0 0


004283 5583 1300

4.

Correct? Yes/No

Over/under byunits

Correct? Yes/No

Over/under byunits

Correct? Yes/No

Over/under byunits

Correct? Yes/No

Over/under byunits

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Electricity is charged by the number of units you use. This is why you have to take ameter reading or someone from the company will take one for you. With an exactreading from the meter, the electricity company can work out how much energy youhave used.

Look at this information and answer the questions.

Meter reading

1. How many units of electricity have been used?

2. How much does the electricity cost per unit?

3. What was the meter reading last time?

Now fill in the blanks on these meter readings.

4.

5.

4. The cost of power

Last time This time Units usedUnits

chargedPence

per unitAmount

005645 006189 544 544 9.02 9.07


chargedPence

per unitAmount

004538 004998 9.02


chargedPence

per unitAmount

007834 320 320 9.02

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6.

7.

8.

4. The cost of power


chargedPence

per unitAmount

006293 006992 9.02


chargedPence

per unitAmount

001676 398 398 9.02


chargedPence

per unitAmount

003498 499 499 9.02

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You can pay gas, electricity, water or telephone bills in lots of different waysdepending on your circumstances.

Payment plan

To spread the cost of your bills across the whole year, you can choose to pay yourbills by a payment plan. This means you pay small chunks towards the whole billevery month.

You can choose to pay by direct debit, which will come out of your bank accountevery month. However the amount of money taken from your account can changefrom month to month, which won’t help you if you’re trying to budget.

You may also be able to pay your bills by standing order. Not all companies will letyou do this because standing orders have to be for a fixed amount every month,which may not cover the full cost of the bill. If your company does let you choose thisoption, it can help you to budget more accurately.

Paying quarterly

If you choose to pay your bills quarterly, you will be sent a bill every three months.This can be a lot of money to pay in one go, and is only a good way of paying if youknow you will have enough money put aside to pay for the bill. If you’re not a goodsaver, this probably isn’t the best method for you!

Meter

You can pay for your electricity, gas or water with a meter. This way you pay inadvance by putting credit onto a token, key or card. You can usually add credit at agas or electricity shop or even your local post office. Having a meter like this helps ifyou have problems paying the bills, but you risk having no gas or electricity if you runout of money.

4. Paying bills – different ways

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Use the information about payment options on page 56 to decide whichpayment method is best for each of the people below.

1. Jane is struggling to pay her bills every month. She doesn’t have much money and would rather pay for her gas and electricity as she uses it. Which method is best for her and why?

2. Laurie doesn’t want the hassle of having to think about paying his bills every month. He always has lots of money in his account. Which method is best for him and why?

3. Rochelle knows she wants to pay her bills monthly and she wants the method that helps her to budget. Which method should she choose and why?

4. Paying bills – different ways

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Direct debits can save you money when paying bills. Some utility companies will offerup to a 10 per cent discount if you pay your bills by direct debit. This is because theyknow that you are guaranteed to pay your bills on time.

Direct debits have some other advantages as well. By choosing this method ofpayment it can help you to budget bills equally across the whole year, instead ofbeing stuck with a huge bill every three months or at the end of the year. To makesure you have enough money to pay the direct debits, you can also choose the exactdate the money leaves your account. So you can choose a date shortly after you havebeen paid when you know you have enough money in your account. The finaladvantage to paying by direct debit is that it cuts out all the hassle of having to sendcheques in the post or visit a bank or post office to pay them.

If you pay by direct debit you are also protected by some safeguards. If the wrongamount of money is taken from your account there is a guarantee in place thatmeans they will pay the money back to you automatically. You will also be told ifthere are any changes to the amount of money you have to pay and you can cancel adirect debit easily at any time.

Dave says he doesn’t trust direct debits. He’s a bit stubborn and old-fashionedand refuses to use them to pay his bills. Come up with as many points aspossible using the information above to argue why Dave should change hismind.

4. Why use direct debit?

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You can reduce the cost of any of your fuel bills by shopping around for the best deal.There are lots of websites that will help you compare the costs of suppliers, helpingyou to find the best deal.

This table shows yearly gas prices for an average household. Use theinformation in the table to answer the questions.

1. If you pay for your gas by pre-payment meter, which company is the cheapest?

2. If you pay your gas bill by quarterly direct debit, which company is the cheapest?

3. If you pay your gas bill by monthly direct debit, which company is the cheapest?

4. Which company and payment method is the most expensive overall?

5. Which company and payment method is the cheapest overall?

4. Choosing a supplier

Gas companyPre-payment meter

over 12 monthsQuarterly direct debit

over 12 monthsMonthly direct debit

over 12 months

Southern Electric £682 £560 £554

Npower £773 £705 £559

EDF Energy £733 £720 £702

Atlantic Electric and Gas

£672 £654 £524

British Gas £709 £704 £594

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6. How much money would you save each year if you got your gas from Southern Electric instead of EDF Energy on a pre-payment plan?

7. How much money would you save each year if you got your gas from Npower instead of British Gas paying by monthly direct debit?

8. How much more expensive is EDF Energy than Atlantic Electric and Gas if you pay by quarterly direct debit?

9. Think about the payment plan that would be most suitable for you. Who is the cheapest supplier for that plan?

4. Choosing a supplier

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Working out how much your utility bills cost each month will help you to budget andplan exactly where your money is going.

Work out how much each of these people spend on utility bills monthly.Remember that some bills might be annual, or quarterly so you’ll have to workout how much it will cost them per month averaged out over the year.

Total monthly outgoing =

1. Natalie

Telephone = £14.00 per month

Gas = £140.00 quarterly

Electricity = £28.00 per month

Water = £72.20 quarterly

2. James

Electricity = £52.00 per month

Water = £25.83 per month

Telephone = £12.99 per month

3. Raj

Water = £24.16 per month

Gas = £58.50 per month

Electricity = £176.00 quarterly

Telephone = £19.95 monthly

4. Grace


Water = £60.00 quarterly


Telephone = £63.96 quarterly

5. Jessie

Water = £11.99 monthly


Telephone = £19.99 monthly


4. Monthly outgoings

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Knowing the date when your bills are due will help you to budget and help you tomake sure you have enough money in your bank account to pay for them!

Use two different coloured pens to mark on the calendar on page 63 whenJodie and Tom should pay each of their bills.

Jodie’s bills:

Electricity – payment due by 23/11/07

Mobile phone – payment due by 2nd November 2007

Gas – payment due by 26/11/2007

Council tax – payment due by 22nd November ‘07

Water – payment due by 21/11/07

Buildings and contents insurance – payment due by 05/11/07

Car insurance – payment due by 9/11/07

Tom’s bills:

Gas – payment due by 06/11/07

Electricity – payment due by 8/11/2007

Mobile phone – payment due by 27/11/07

Council tax – payment due by 7/11/07

Water – payment due by 28th November 2007

4. When to pay the bills

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4. When to pay the bills

M T W T F S S

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30

November 2007

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Unlike other utilities, you can’t shop around for a different water supplier to find thebest deal. However, you may be able to save money by getting a water meter. If youhave a fixed bill every month, it is worked out according to the size of your homerather than the actual amount of water you use. If two people live in a four-bedroomhouse they will use less water than if four people lived in a four-bedroom house andso may be able to save money. The average water bill in the UK is £305 a year. If youchoose to have a meter fitted the average bill is £268 a year, a potential saving of£37.00 a year!

A meter can either be fitted inside or outside your home. Most water companies sendsomeone to read the meter every six months. If they can’t access the meter, they mayask you to do it instead.

This is what a water meter looks like:

The meter will normally have seven numbers. The first five numbers show the cubicmetres of water used and the last two digits, which are usually red, show the units ofwater used in 10 litres. You will always be asked for just the first five numbers.

4. How to read a water meter

0 0 1 2 3 4 5

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Now look at each of these meter readings and write down how much water hasbeen used in cubic metres in each of these houses.

1. 8 Waterford Road

2. 2 Grove Corner

3. Ivy House

4. Clover Cottage

5. 4 Shrewsbury Road

6. 3 Church Lane

4. How to read a water meter

0 0 3 0 3 5 7

0 0 6 3 8 2 4

0 0 7 1 6 8 3

0 0 2 8 2 3 5

0 0 7 3 8 2 4

0 3 7 2 8 7 3

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Now work out how many gallons of water each household used betweenSeptember – December 2006 by using this conversion:

1 cubic metre = 1,000 litres = 220 gallons

1. 8 Waterford Road used 120 cubic meters =

2. 2 Grove Corner used 285 cubic meters =

3. Ivy House used 351 cubic meters =

4. Clover Cottage used 85 cubic meters =

5. 4 Shrewsbury Road used 247 cubic meters =

6. 3 Church Lane used 449 cubic meters =

This table shows the weekly average amount of water used for daily activities ina household.

4. How much water?

ActivityAverage

weekly useLitres used per activity

Cost per use

Bath 2 80 per bath 15p

Flushing the toilet 35 8 per flush 1.52p

Gravity shower 7 35 per shower 7p

Washing machine 3 65 per wash 12p

Dishwasher 4 25 per load 5p

gallons

gallons

gallons

gallons

gallons

gallons

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7. Use the table on page 66 to work out how many litres of water in total are used in an average week.

8. Now convert your answer to question 7 into gallons.

9. Use the table to work out how much it would cost in total to use the average weekly water.

10. Now fill in this table with your own estimated weekly use for each activity and work out how much water you are using and how much it is costing you.

4. How much water?

ActivityAverage

weekly useLitres used per

activityCost per use

Bath 80 per bath 15p

Flushing the toilet 8 per flush 1.52p

Gravity shower 35 per shower 7p

Washing machine 65 per wash 12p

Dishwasher 25 per load 5p

Total Total

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Everyone has to pay council tax. The amount you pay depends on the value of yourhouse. This value was decided in April 1993. Your house is put into one of eightdifferent bands. This band shows how much money you pay per year in council tax.

Council tax varies across the country depending on where you live, and each councilsets its own rate. The money is used to fund local services in the area such as thepolice, recycling and rubbish collection.

Use this table of council tax rates for 2006–2007 to answer the questions onpage 69.

4. Council tax

Property bandand value

Stoke on Trent Southampton Manchester BirminghamNewcastleupon Tyne

Band A £40,000

£801.63 £847.73 £799.50 £775.75 £904.27

Band B £40,000 –£52,000

£935.24 £989.01 £932.75 £905.05 £1,054.99

Band C£52,001 –£68,000

£1,068.84 £1,130.30 £1,065.99 £1,034.34 £1,205.69

Band D£68,001 –£88,000

£1,202.45 £1,271.59 £1,199.25 £1,163.63 £1,356.40

Band E£88,001 –£120,000

£1,469.66 £1,554.17 £1,465.74 £1,422.21 £1,657.83

Band F£120,001 –£160,000

£1,736.87 £1,836.74 £1,732.25 £1,680.80 £1,959.25

Band G £160,001 –£320,000

£2,004.08 £2,119.32 £1,998.75 £1,939.38 £2,260.67

Band H£320,000+

£2,404.90 £2,543.18 £2,398.50 £2,327.26 £2,712.80

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1. What council tax band would your home be in if you paid £1,065.99 a year in Manchester?

2. How much does council tax cost for a house in Band E in Birmingham?

3. What council tax band would your home be in if you paid £2,543.18 a year in Southampton?

4. How much does council tax cost for a house in Band A in Newcastle upon Tyne?

5. What is the mean average council tax for Southampton?

6. What is the mean average council tax for Newcastle upon Tyne?

7. What is the mean average council tax for Stoke on Trent?

8. What is the mean average council tax for Manchester?

9. What is the mean average council tax for Birmingham?

10. Which council area has the cheapest council tax?

11. On a separate piece of paper draw a graph to show the mean average council tax for the five areas in the table.

4. Council tax

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Council tax money is spent on lots of different things in your community that you mayor may not be aware of. The obvious ones are rubbish collection, street sweeping,roads and schools, but the money is also used to pay for services such asenvironmental health, food safety, leisure centres and meals on wheels. Anotherportion of council tax money is given to the police and fire service to support theservices they provide to the area.

Use the pie chart and the table for council tax charges 2006–2007 to answerthe questions on page 71.

4. Where does your money go?

71%

Maidstone Borough Council

Kent Fire Brigade

Kent Police Authority

Kent County Council

15%

9%

5%

How each pound of Maidstone County Council tax is spent

Tax Band Council tax charge £

A 612.48

B 714.56

C 816.64

D 918.72

E 1,122.88

F 1,327.04

G 1,531.20

H 1,837.44

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To find out exactly how much money Kent Fire Brigade get from a Band A council taxpayer you would do this sum:

Band A £612.48 ÷ 100 = 6.1248

6.1248 x 5% = £30.62

Now answer these questions. Round your answers up to the nearest penny.

1. Linda is a Band E council tax payer. How much of her tax is spent on Kent Police Authority?

2. Max is a Band G council tax payer. How much of his tax goes directly to Kent County Council?

3. Steph is a Band B council tax payer. How much of her tax is goes directly to Maidstone Borough Council?

4. Tom is a Band A council tax payer. How much of his tax is spent on Kent Police Authority?

5. John is a Band H council tax payer. How much of his tax goes directly to Kent County Council?

6. Cally is a Band B council tax payer. How much of her tax goes directly to Kent Fire Brigade?

7. Ahmed is a Band C council tax payer. How much of his tax goes directly to Maidstone Borough Council?

8. Jen is a Band D council tax payer. How much of her tax goes directly to Kent County Council?

9. Sunny is a Band F council tax payer. How much of his tax is spent on Kent Police Authority?

10. Fiona is a Band A council tax payer. How much of her tax goes directly to Maidstone Borough Council?

4. Where does your money go?

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Almost every home has at least one television, but if you want to watch TV, you needa TV licence. If you don’t have a licence you risk getting a fine of up to £1,000. TheTV Licensing Authority has a database which lists the addresses of over 28 millionhomes and businesses, and shows whether or not they have a TV licence. TheAuthority also uses detector vans so they can tell when a TV is switched on and if youhaven’t got a licence! So the bottom line is, if you can’t afford a £1,000 fine, get alicence!

In 2007 a colour TV licence costs £131.50 per year and a black and white licencecosts £44.00 per year.

Use the information about TV licences to answer the questions.

1. Work out how much it costs to licence a colour television per day to the nearest penny.

2. Work out how much it costs to licence a colour television per week to the nearest penny.

3. Work out how much it costs to licence a black and white television per day to the nearest penny.

4. Work out how much it costs to licence a black and white television per week to the nearest penny.

5. What is the maximum fine for not having a TV licence ?

4. TV licence

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If money is tight and you need to lose some of your monthly outgoings, one way to doit is to decide which of your bills are a luxury and which are essential. Working outwhere you may be wasting money on non-essentials could make a big difference andsave you a small fortune.

This is a list of monthly bills. Tick the ones that you think are a luxury.

4. Identifying luxury bills

Bill Tick or Cross

Sky television

Electricity

Mobile phone

Loan

Rent

Gas

Magazine subscription

Water

Food

Council tax

Gym membership

Online DVD rental

TV licence

Credit card

Internet

Landline telephone

Rented television

Mortgage

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Aims

• To help students calculate how much it costs to keep appliances on standby.

• To teach students how to compare costs of washing by hand and using a dishwasher.

• To teach students how to compare the costs of hiring a professional to those of DIY.

• To give students a realistic idea of contingency funds.



• Standby

• Dishwasher versus washing up

• Professional versus DIY

• Contingency


If you want to carry out the extension activities for‘Standby’ and ‘Contingency’ you will need access tothe internet.

Teaching suggestions

‘Standby’ is a numeracy activity where studentshave to work out how much they may be paying inelectricity when appliances are left on standby.

‘Dishwasher versus washing up’ provides studentswith the data they need to compare the relativecosts of washing dishes by hand or using amachine.

‘Professional versus DIY’ provides students with thedata they need to compare the relative costs ofhiring a professional to doing a job themselves.

‘Contingency’ is a numeracy activity where studentshave to work out how much contingency fund willbe left for certain people, after they have hadreason to spend some of it.

Extension work

1. To help your students become more familiar withsome of the more difficult terms used in this section, ask them to complete the wordsearch onpage 97.


3. You could follow up ‘Standby’ using the data given but with different time spans. You could also ask students to use the internet to write a 500-word report on the issue of CO2 emissions.

4. ‘Dishwasher versus washing up’ could be followed up with similar activities comparing using a washing machine and handwashing. Youcould also ask students to calculate time spent handwashing compared to the length of time a machine will take.

5. You could extend the work on contingency funds by asking students to find out costs of other emergencies that may occur.

5. Other costs around the home

This section will give your students practice incalculating other costs involved in running a home.

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Answers and mapping

Standby, pages 77–78

1. and 2.

3. £7.30

4. £3.65

5. £27.74



Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2, N1.3.3

Adult core curriculaN1/L1.3, MSS1/E3.1, HD1/E3.1

Dishwasher versus washing up, page 79

1. Working out:

4 units of electricity = £0.36

1 dishwasher tablet = £0.23

Dishwasher salt = £0.03

Water = £0.29

Total = £0.91

2. Working out:

1 unit of electricity = £0.0902

Water = £0.29

Washing up liquid = £0.03

Total = £0.41

£0.41 x 3 = £1.23



Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2, N1.3.3

Adult core curriculaN1/L1.3, MSS1/E3.1

Professional versus DIY, pages 80–81

1. a) £127.00b) £42.00

2. a) £14.00b) £146.97c) 10 times

3. a) £15.00b) £166.97c) 11 times


Appliance Left on standby for 22 hours (kWh)

Cost per 22 hours

Hi-fi (stereo) 0.264 2p

TV 0.22 2p

DVD player 0.154 1p

Digital TV set top box

0.11 1p

Computer monitor 0.242 2p

Laptop computer 0.044 0.004p

Mobile phonecharger

0.022 0.002p

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4. a) £55.00b) £148.97c) 2 times



Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2, N1.3.3


Contingency, pages 82–83

1. £91.00

2. £125.00

3. £1,500

4. £363.00

5. £264.00

6. £20.00



Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2, N1.3.3



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Most of us are aware that we should be a bit greener. It can be difficult to get onwith your daily life and care for the environment at the same time. There is onesimple thing you can do that will save energy, save money and help the environment— make sure you don’t leave electrical appliances on standby.

This table shows how many watts an average appliance uses per hour when it ison standby. Use this information to answer the questions on page 77.

5. Standby

ApplianceStandby

(watts per hour)

Hi-fi (stereo) 12

TV 10

DVD player 7

Digital TV set top box 5

Computer monitor 11

Laptop computer 2

Mobile phone charger 1

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1. To convert watts of electricity used in an hour to kilowatts per hour (kWh) you need to divide watts per hour by 1000. Work out how many kWh each appliance listed in the table would use if left on standby for 22 hours. Writeyour answers in the table below.

2. A unit of electricity or 1 kilowatt per hour (kWh) costs 9.02p. Now work out how much it costs to leave each appliance on standby for 22 hours every day, assuming it is switched on and being used for the other 2 hours of the day. Round your answers to the nearest penny.

3. How much would it cost to leave a television on standby for 22 hours every day for a year (365 days).

4. How much would it cost to leave a digital TV set top box on standby 22 hours every day for a year(365 days).

5. How much would it cost to leave all of the appliances in the table on standby 22 hours every day for a year (365 days).

Although the answers to these questions aren’t a great deal of money, the savings alladd up. A recent report has found that by leaving TVs on standby the UK as a wholeis wasting £88million worth of energy and producing 480,000 tonnes of CO2 peryear. By leaving stereos on standby the UK is wasting a staggering £290millionworth of energy and producing1.6 million tonnes of CO2 – makes you think, doesn’tit?

5. Standby

Appliance Left on standby for 22 hours (kWh)

Cost per 22 hours

Hi-fi (stereo)

TV

DVD player

Digital TV set top box

Computer monitor

Laptop computer

Mobile phone charger

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It may seem hard to believe, but you can save water, time and energy by using adishwasher for you dirty dishes instead of washing up by hand!

Waterwise, an organisation that focuses on ways to reduce the amount of water weuse has found that if 50% of the UK population had a dishwasher we could save 60million litres of water per day. That’s enough to supply drinking water to the whole ofLeeds. If 90% of the population used a dishwasher we could save 180 million litres ofwater per day and supply drinking water to the whole of Devon and Cornwall!

1. An average family of four would fill a dishwasher in one day after eating three meals. To run a dishwasher you need to pay for electricity per load, water per load, dishwasher salt and dishwasher tablets.

A dishwasher uses an average of 4 units of electricity per load. 1 unit of electricity = £0.0902

One box of dishwasher tablets cost £6.78 – 30 tablets per box

Dishwasher salt costs £0.98 for month’s supply (assume 30 day month)

A dishwasher uses an average of 15 litres of water per load

On average 1 litre of water = £0.019

How much does it cost a family of four to wash their daily dishes using a dishwasher?

2. An average family of four would have to wash up three times in one day after eating their meals. To wash up by hand you need washing up liquid, water and electricity or gas to heat the water.

Energy to heat the water (assume electricity) 1 unit. 1 unit of electricity = £0.0902

Average amount of water used per wash — 15 litres

On average 1 litre of water = £0.019

Washing up liquid – one 500ml bottle costs £0.89 and lasts for thirty washes

How much does it cost a family of four to wash up three times a day?

Of course it’s not as simple as asking everyone to go out and spend £250 on a newdishwasher. But it is food for thought. Getting a dishwasher would not only save youprecious time (and avoid arguments) but you could also be helping the environment!

5. Dishwasher versus washing up

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If you have the time and the know-how, do-it-yourself home improvements are alwaysgoing to be cheaper than paying a professional, as long as you have all the tools youneed. The first few jobs may cost more than paying a professional if you have tostump up for a whole toolbox full of gear. However, you’ll then have the tools the nexttime you need them, so you should make savings in the long run.

Each of these people have decided to do a spot of DIY. Before they start, they want tomake sure that a professional wouldn’t be cheaper.

Use the information to work out which method is cheaper – DIY or aprofessional.

1. Tim is going to clean the carpets in three of the rooms in his house plus the stairs (there are 14 steps). Workout how much each method will cost.

a) A professional carpet cleaner charges:

1 room £45

2 rooms £75

3 rooms £99

stairs £2 per step

Total =

b) To hire a carpet cleaner costs £21 per day. Tim thinks it will take him two days.

Total =

2. Jenny wants to clean her windows at the front and back of her house. She doesn’t own the things she’d need to do it herself. Work out how much each method will cost.

a) A professional window cleaner charges £7 for the front of the house and £7 for the back of the house.

Total =

b) To buy a ladder, bucket, detergent and squeegee to do it herself:

Ladder = £139.99

Bucket = £4.99

Squeegee = £1.99

Total =

c) How many times could Jenny pay to have her windows cleaned by a professional for the cost of buying all the equipment herself?

5. Professional versus DIY

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3. Sam needs to mow his lawn once a week. He doesn’t own a lawnmower. Work out how much each method will cost.

a) A professional gardener has quoted £15.00 a week to mow Sam’s lawn.

Total =

b) To buy a new lawnmower, gardening gloves and a rake to do it himself:

Lawnmower = £149.99

Rake = £13.99

Gardening gloves £2.99

Total =

c) How many times could Sam pay a professional to mow his lawn for the cost of buying all the equipment himself?

4. Sophie thinks it’s about time she cleaned out her gutters. She doesn’t own any of the equipment to do it herself. Work out how much each method will cost.

a) A professional has quoted £55.00 to clean the gutters on her house.

Total =

b) To buy a ladder, trowel, bucket and plastic rubbish bags to do it herself will cost:

Ladder = £139.99

Trowel = £5.99

Rubbish bags = £2.99

Total =

c) How many times could Sophie pay someone to clean her gutters for the cost of buying theequipment herself?

5. Professional versus DIY

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What would you do if one day a pipe in your house burst, or your oven broke down?Although it is probably the last thing on your mind, having a bit of money set asidefor emergencies is a good idea. Fixing essential electrical items or clearing up aftersomething like a burst pipe can be very costly if you haven’t prepared for it inadvance.

Of course it is difficult to guess exactly how much money you should set asidebecause you never know what’s going to go wrong!

Answer these questions about contingency funds.

1. Tyra has a contingency fund of £140 in case things go wrong in her home. She has found a wasps’ nest in her garage and it will cost her £34 to have it removed plus a £15 call out charge. How much of her contingency will be left after she has paid for the wasps’ nest to be taken away?

2. Ben has a contingency fund of £275. His cooker has broken down. An electrician has quoted £150 to fix it. How much money will beleft in Ben’s contingency fund?

3. Davey has a contingency fund of £3,500. He has found out that he needs to damp proof hishouse. This is going to cost £2,000. How muchmoney will be left in Davey’s contingency fund?

4. Sasha has a contingency fund of £525. She has found mice in her flat. It is going to cost £37 per treatment plus a callout charge of £17to get rid of the mice. She has to get the pest control people out to her house three times to get rid of them. How much money will be left in Sasha’s contingency fund once the mice have gone?

5. Contingency

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5. Kirsty has a contingency fund of £380. Her cats have infested the house with fleas. It costs £52 to remove the fleas plus a £15 callout charge. She also finds a bees’ nest in her loft. To remove the bees’ nest costs £34 plus £15 callout charge. How much money willbe left in Kirsty’s contingency fund after all these unexpected costs?

6. Sam has a contingency fund of £260. His washing machine has broken down. A plumberhas quoted a £75 callout charge plus £165 forparts. How much money will be left in Sam’s contingency fund?

5. Contingency

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Aims

• To help students calculate the cost of energy saving measures.

• To calculate the volume of goods recycled in the UK in 2005/6.

• To understand facts and figures about recycling.



• Being a green householder

• Going green

• Household recycling

• Recycling facts


If you want to carry out the extension activities for‘Being a green householder’ and ‘Recycling facts’you will need access to the internet.

Teaching suggestions

‘Being a green householder’ is a numeracy activitywhere students have to work out how much greenmeasures will cost.

‘Going green’ helps students work out the break-even point of installing environmentally friendlymeasures.

‘Household recycling’ is a handling data activity.

‘Recycling facts’ is a numeracy activity based onrecycling statistics.

Extension work

1. To help your students become more familiar withsome of the more difficult terms used in this section, ask them to complete the wordladder onpage 98.


3. You could follow up ‘Being a green householder’ by asking students to use the internet or your local library to research other green householdertips.

4. ‘Recycling facts’ could be followed up with further research from www.recycle-more.co.uk.

Answers and mapping

Being a green householder, pages 86–87

Fact 1 a) £126.00

Fact 2 b) 36 litres per day

c) 13,140 litres

Fact 3 d) £120.00

Fact 4 e) £225

Fact 5 f) £540.00

Fact 6 g) £42.00

Fact 7 h) 108 litres

Fact 8 i) 300 kilograms



6. Green household

This section will help your students save money and bekinder to the environment.

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Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2

Adult core curriculaN1/L2.2, MSS1/L1.1, MSS1/L1.4, MSS1/L1.6

Going green, page 88

1.

2. Approximately 3 years



Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2

Adult core curriculaN1/L2.2, MSS1/L1.1, MSS1/L1.3, HD1/L1.1

Household recycling, pages 89–90

1. 38

2. 2439

3. 532

4. 1475

5. 1520

6. 1596

7. 1770

8. 107.5

9. 57

10. 222

NCMathsKS3 – Ma2.1d, Ma2.2e, Ma2.3a, Ma2.3m, Ma2.4bKS4 – Ma2.1a, Ma2.2e, Ma2.3a, Ma2.3m, Ma2.4b


Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2

Adult core curriculaN1/L1.1, N2/L1.9, MSS1/L1.1, HD1/L1.1

Recycling facts, pages 91–92

a) 208 glass bottles, 676 cans, 156 plastic bottles and 260 kg of paper

b) Two billion five hundred million

c) 400 cans

d) 108 jobs

e) 85 trees

f) 120 hours

g) 17,500

h) 375 bottles



Key skillsN1.1.1, N1.1.2, N1.2.1, N1.2.2

Adult core curriculaN1/L1.1, N1/L1.3, MSS1/L1.1, MSS1/L1.3

6. Green household

Total £1,221.68 £414

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Being green can help your bank balance as well as reduce carbon emissions, which inturn will help to stop climate change. There are all sorts of things you can do to begreener. Some of them will cost you next to nothing to purchase, but will save you afortune in energy bills in the long run.

Read these energy saving facts and answer the questions.

Fact 1 Energy saving light bulbs save £9 per year in electricity.

a) Jasmine has installed 14 energy saving light bulbs in her home. How much money has she saved on her electricity bill in one year?

Fact 2 A water saving device fitted into the cistern of a toilet will save 3 litres of water per flush.

b) The toilet in Carl’s house gets flushed on average 12 times a day. How many litres of water would be saved a day if Carl fitted a water saving device?

c) How many litres per year would be saved if Carl fitted a water saving device?

Fact 3 Installing a condensing boiler with heating controls can save one-third off your heating bill.

d) Maria spends £360 a year on her heating bill. How much money would she save if she installed a condensing boiler?

Fact 4 Buying an energy saving recommended fridge/freezer can save up to £45 a year.

e) Andrew has had his energy saving fridge/freezer for 5 years. How much money has he saved?

6. Being a green householder

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Fact 5 Installing 270mm thick loft insulation that actslike a blanket to trap rising heat, can save £180 a year on heating bills.

f) Imani installed 270mm thick loft insulation 3 years ago. How much money has she saved on her heating bill?

Fact 6 Turning down your thermostat by 1°C can cut heating bills by 10%.

g) Max spends £420 a year on his heating bill. How much will he save by turning down his thermostat by 1°C?

Fact 7 Brushing your teeth with the tap running wastes about 9 litres of water every minute.

h) Four people live in Gina’s house. They each brush their teeth in the morning for three minutes and always leave the tap running. How much water have they wasted?

Fact 8 Buying an energy saving dishwasher can save up to 75 kilograms of CO2 per year.

i) If Mason bought an energy saving dishwasher, in four years time how much CO2 would he have saved?

6. Being a green householder

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Many people believe that it is too expensive to live their life and be green. With thethreat of traditional light bulbs being taken off the shelves and replaced with energysaving ones by 2009, many of us may have little choice but to jump on the ‘save theearth’ bandwagon.

Going green can be expensive to start with, but once you have made the investmentsit really does start to pay off.

1. Use this table to work out how much it would cost to make all these green changes in your home and then work out how much money you could save every year.

2. How many years would it take to pay off the cost of installing all these green measures with the annual savings?

6. Going green

Green change Cost to installMaximum annual saving per

year

Installing heating controls £200.00 £70.00

Hot water tank jacket £5.00 £20.00

Filling gaps between floor and skirting board

£20.00 £20.00

Loft insulation £290.00 £220.00

Fridge freezer £250.00 £45.00

Dishwasher £235.00 £20.00

Energy saving lightbulb £1.68 £9.00

Washing machine £220.00 £10.00

Total

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Did you know that the average UK household produces 1 tonne of rubbish everyyear? That’s a whole lot of rubbish that could be recycled.

Most councils in the UK now provide some kind of recycling service to houses thelength and breadth of Great Britain, and there are also recycling plants where youcan take your rubbish to be recycled. The most popular choice for recycling is ‘kerb-side collection’. This is where your rubbish is sorted into different categories andcollected by the council for recycling.

This pie chart shows the amount in per thousand tonnes of different materialscollected from households in 2005/2006. Use the information to answer thequestions on page 90.

6. Household recycling

recycled paperand card – 1,475

glass – 760

compost – 2,439

scrap metal andwhite goods – 532

textiles – 86

cans – 74

plastics – 38

co-mingled – 860

other – 532

Materials collected from household sources for recycling per thousand tonnes: 2005/2006

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90

1. How many thousands of tonnes of plastic were recycled in 2005/2006?

2. How many thousands of tonnes of compost wererecycled in 2005/2006?

3. How many thousands of tonnes of scrap metal were recycled in 2005/2006?

4. How many thousands of tonnes of paper and card were recycled in 2005/2006?

5. How many thousands of tonnes would it be to double the amount of glass recycled in 2006/2007?

6. How many thousands of tonnes would it be totriple the amount of scrap metal recycled in 2006/2007?

7. How many thousands of tonnes would it be to increase the amount of paper recycling by 20% from 2006/2007 figures?

8. How many thousands of tonnes would it be to increase the amount of textile recycling by 25% from 2006/2007 figures?

9. How many thousands of tonnes would it be to increase the amount of plastic recycling by 50% from 2006/2007 figures?

10. How many thousands of tonnes would it be to triple the amount of cans recycled from 2006/2007 figures?

6. Household recycling

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These facts and figures about recycling are from www.recycle-more.co.uk. Usethe information to answer these questions.

Fact 1 Each week an average family in a developed country gets through 4 glass bottles or jars, 13 cans, 3 plastic bottles and 5 kilograms of paper.

a) How many glass bottles or jars, cans, plastic bottles and paper does an average family get through in one year?

Fact 2 Each year 10 billion steel cans are made. One quarter of these cans are made from recycled steel.

b) How many cans each year are made from recycled steel?

Fact 3 To make one aluminium drink can from raw materials uses the same amount of energy as it takes to recycle 20 aluminium cans.

c) How many cans could be recycled using the amount of energy needed to make 20 cans from raw materials?

Fact 4 Incinerating 10,000 tonnes of waste creates one job. Putting the same amount of waste into a landfill creates six jobs. Recycling the same amount of waste creates 36 jobs.

d) How many jobs in recycling would be created if there were 30,000 tonnes of waste?

Fact 5 Every tonne of paper recycled saves 17 trees.

e) How many trees could be saved if 5 tonnes of paper were recycled?

6. Recycling facts

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Fact 6 The energy saved from recycling 1 glass bottle is enough to power a light bulb for four hours.

f) How many hours could you power a light bulb for if 30 bottles were recycled?

Fact 7 An average dustbin contains enough unused energy every year for 500 baths, 3,500 showers or 5,000 hours of watching TV.

g) How many showers could be powered with 5 average dustbins worth of annual rubbish?

Fact 8 It takes 25 two-litre plastic bottles to make one adult size fleece jacket.

h) How many plastic bottles would be needed to make 15 adult size fleece jackets?

6. Recycling facts

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Puzzle

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This wordsearch contains 7 words about running a home. Words go in thesedirections: ‚‰Ë.

Running a home puzzle 1

k b v l i o b g r t

a i e x u t n a e r

n l m c z x q s u a

t l j g u y u x f n

d s p w w d m r j s

l r w a t e r w y p

b s z k x z t a o o

u t i l i t y p c r

g y q v f l s h p t

h o u s e h o l d n

transport

household

bills

luxury

utility

gas

water

94

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Puzzle

s

Use the clues to fill in this crossword. All the answers have something to do withpaying for a home. You may want to use the glossary if you get stuck.


Across

1. A list of items in a house.4. You will need to pay this to your landlord before you are allowed to rent a

property.5. You would visit an estate _ _ _ _ _ if you wanted to buy or rent a house.8. The name of the person who owns a home you pay rent for.

Down

2. The money you pay to someone to live in their property.3. This organisation is responsible for local government in your area.6. The money you borrow to buy a house of your own.7. ‘gge’ is an abbreviation of this word.

1 2

3

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Puzzle

sAcross

Down

Complete this wordladder based on insurance. You may need to refer to theglossary if you get stuck.

1. Another name for the cost of insurance.

2. This is the name for insurance that covers all the things in your home.

3. Where you live can affect how much some insurance costs. Insurers will check this, the last line of your address, so they can tell where you live.

4. A type of insurance that covers the structure of your house.

5. A type of insurance that covers the vehicle you drive.

6. This insurance gives you cover when you go on holiday.

7. Another name for the money you earn.

8. This insurance covers the cost of going to hospital to be treated for an illness.

9. This insurance covers the cost of going to the dentist and having treatment.


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2.

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5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

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Puzzle

s

Use the clues to fill in this crossword. All the answers have something to do withpaying bills. You may want to use the glossary if you get stuck.


Across

2. A single measurement of energy.4. A type of bill that is not essential might be called this.5. Your house will be put into one of these so you know how

much council tax to pay. They run from A to H.8. A guess at what the size, amount or cost of something might be.

Down

1. You need to pay for one of these to watch television.3. A tax that pays for things like the police and fire authority.6. One essential utility. You drink it!7. This measures how much electricity, gas or water you have used.

2 3

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6 7

1

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Puzzle

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This wordsearch contains 8 words about running a home. Words go in thesedirections: ‚‰Ë.


w m f a s k g w n s

i a u p d w o a b t

e q t r i i t t g a

n l j t c v y e r n

e t d y k m x r d d

r k f u n d e z q b

g u o x y z p f l y

y b u n i t w m a y

g n i k z v s h v c

a p p l i a n c e w

water

watt

energy

standby

appliance

unit

DIY

fund

98

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Puzzle

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Across

Down

Complete this wordladder based on a greener home. You may need to refer tothe glossary if you get stuck.

1. Every tonne of paper that is recycled saves 17 of these.

2. You shouldn’t brush these with the tap running because it wastes water.

3. You can make one of these coats from 25 plastic bottles.

4. Many electrical appliances are now built so that they save this.

5. Fizzy drinks and baked beans are packaged in these. They can be recycled.

6. You can buy an energy saving one of these.

7. There is a device that can be fitted in the cistern of your toilet that will help to save this.


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2.

3.

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5.

6.

7.

Running a home puzzle answers

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Puzzle

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k b v l i o b g r t

a i e x u t n a e r

n l m c z x q s u a

t l j g u y u x f n

d s p w w d m r j s

l r w a t e r w y p

b s z k x z t a o o

u t i l i t y p c r

g y q v f l s h p t

h o u s e h o l d n

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

Glossary

100

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Section 1

efficient working or operating quickly or effectively

essential necessary; needed

expenditure the total amount of money that a person spends

householder a person who owns or is control of a house

luxury something expensive which is pleasant to have but nota necessity

Section 2

eligible having the necessary qualities or needs

fixture a permanently fixed item in a house

inventory a detailed list of all the items in a place

ownership when you own something

security protection of a person, building or object

tenancy the right to use land or live in a building in exchange for rent

unaffordable something which is too expensive

Section 3

excess on an insurance claim this is an amount of money you have to pay before an insurance company pays the rest of the claim

premium an amount of money paid in order to obtain insurance

structure something which has been made or built with parts, a building

Glossary

101

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Section 4

authority a group of people with official responsibility for something

circumstance a fact or event that makes a situation the way it is

community the people living in one particular area

consumption to use fuel, energy or time

conversion when someone or something is converted into something else

detector a device used to find things

guarantee a promise that something will be done or will happen

membership the state of belonging to an organisation

pre-payment paying for something before it has been used

safeguard to protect something from harm

subscription an amount of money that you pay regularly to receive a product or service

utility a service that is used by the public such as gas or electricity

Section 5

appliance a device, machine or piece of equipment, especially anelectrical one used in the home

CO2 carbon dioxide

contingency something that might possibly happen in the future, usually causing problems or making further arrangements necessary

environment the air, water and land in or on which people, animals and plants live

improvement when something gets better or when you make it better

population all the people living in a particular area or place

professional having the type of job that involves a high level of education or training

watt the standard measure of electrical power

Section 6

aluminium a light metal which is silver in colour

cistern a container in which water is stored, especially one connected to a toilet

climate the weather conditions in a particular place

emissions an amount of gas, heat, light, etc that is sent out

incinerate to burn something completely

insulation to cover and surround something with a material to stop heat from escaping

thermostat a device which keeps a building within a limited temperature range by automatically switching the supply of heat on and off

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Glossary

Running a home - P4I · Introduction to running a home 5 1. ... PowerPoint or smart-board...

Documents

Transcript of Running a home - P4I · Introduction to running a home 5 1. ... PowerPoint or smart-board...