DESIGN BACKGROUND

RULES OF DESIGN

EARLY DESIGN PRINCIPLES - THESIS

ALLOW BUILDING ON TOP OF GARAGE

ALLOW FOR ELEVATED GARDENS

NEGOTIATE PROPERTY BORDERS

ADAPT FOR CLIMATIC COMFORT

ALLOW BUILDING INTO-SLOPE

ALLOW MINIMUM HOUSEHOLDS DOWN TO 35 SQ.M.

ALLOW FOR MIXED-USE OF BUILDINGS

TWO HOUSEHOLDS ON PROPERTY IS ENOUGH

POSSIBILITY TO WALK AROUND THE HOUSE

I AM DECIDING ON MY PROPERTY

DONT BLOCK MY AFTERNOON SUN

THIS IS MY VIEW, DONT BLOCK IT

THE IN-BETWEENS OF THE OLD HOUSES ARE IMPORTANT

HIGH TRAFFIC SAFETY AND LOW TRAFFIC NOISE

NEIGHBOURS PRINCIPLES - ANTI-THESIS

DENSIFICATION PRINCIPLES - SYNTHESIS

COMMERCIAL OR PUBLIC FIRST FLOOR

CANCELLING PERSONAL PARKING SPACES

EXPANDED AREA OF DESIGN ONLY IF PEDESTRIANIZED

ALLOW FOR ELEVATED GARDENS

KEEPING EXISTING HOUSES

FLEXIBLE BUT MINIMUM HEIGHT OF 2 METRES

EARLY DESIGN PRINCIPLES - THESIS

RULE #1ALLOW BUILDING ON TOP OF GARAGES

BECAUSE DENSIFICATION EQUALS USING BUILDINGS MORE

ONLY PARKING OF PRIVATE CARS AND STORAGE CAN BE COMBINED WITH MORE LIVING SPACE OR NEW, SMALL LIVING UNITS

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

ALLOW ANOTHER FLOOR ON TOP OF EXISTING GARAGE BUILDINGS

ELEVATE GARDENS

WHEN DENSIFYING THE LOCAL CLIMATIC QUALITIES CAN BE CHANGED

TO ELEVATE GARDENS CAN COMPENSATE FOR SHADOW OR DECREASED AREA OF GARDEN

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

HAVE GARDENS ON TOP OF BUILDINGS OR AS TERRACES AND BALCONIES, NOT ONLY ON TERRAIN

RULE #2

ELEVATED GARDENS COULD HAVE NICE LANDSCAPE VIEWS

NEGOTIATE PROPERTY BORDERS

AT SITUATIONS WHERE SEVERAL PROPERTY OWNERS ARE AGREED, ATTACHED HOUSING OR CLUSTERED BUILDINGS COULD FORM GREAT COMMON AND PRIVATE OUTDOOR AREA.

TO GAIN BETTER PRIVATE AND COMMON OUTDOOR AREA, THE MINIMUM DISTANCE OF 8 METRES TO ANOTHER HOUSE SHOULD BE DISCUSSED

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

IN NORWEGIAN BUILDING REGULATION, A STANDARD 4 METRES DISTANCE FROM ANY PROPERTY BORDER IS STANDARD. GARAGES ARE NORMALLY EXCEPTED FROM THESE. THIS PRINCIPLE SHOULD BE DISCUSSED

RULE #3

ADAPT FOR CLIMATIC COMFORT

ITS CRUCIALLY IMPORTANT THAT PRIVATE AND COMMON OUTDOORS GET ENOUGH SUN AND SHELTER FROM RAIN AND WIND.IN THE SOUTHWEST NORWEGIAN CLIMATE, EVERY DAY COULD BE CONSIDERED AN AUTUMN DAY AND SUN IS VERY IMPORTANT.

WITH CLIMATE CHANGE, THE WEATHER SYSTEMS WILL BE LESS PREDICTABLE AND MORE RAIN AND STRONGER WIND WILL COME. THIS MAKES CLIMATIC COMFORT EVEN MORE IMPORTANT

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

ANY DENSIFICATION OR TRANSFORMATION SHOULD AIM AT ENHANCING CLIMATIC COMFORT

RULE #4

ALLOW BUILDING INTO HILLS AND SLOPES

INSTEAD OF AREA BEING IDLE AND NOT EASILY USED AS PRIVATE OR COMMON OUTDOOR AREA - THIS AREA COULD BE PUT TO BETTER USE AS BUILT WITH GARDEN OR OUTDOOR AREA ON TOP.

WITH THE GENERAL DECREASE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND THE SPECIFIC RISE OF SENIOR CITIZENS (OFTEN LIVING IN DETACHED HOUSES) - A COMBINATION OF BUILDING WITH ROOF GARDEN WOULD BE GOOD DENSIFICATION.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

COMMON OUTDOOR AREA SHOULD NOT BE STEEP, TO PROMOTE USE AND ACTIVITY BY ALL AGES AND ALL LEVELS OF ACTIVITY. THIS AREA SHOULD BE BUILT ON.

RULE #5

ALLOWING HOUSEHOLDS DOWN TO 35 SQ.M. MINIMUM

WHEN HOUSING UNITS CAN BE ALLOWED DOWN TO 35 SQ.M. MANY OF THE FUNCTIONS TAKING PLACE IN APARTMENT CAN INSTEAD BE PUT IN COMMON AREAS OR BE OFFERED AS A SERVICE. THIS IN TURN CREATES AND SUSTAINS LOCAL BUSINESS AND MEETING PLACES.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

IN THE NORWEGIAN DISCUSSION, THE MINIMUM VARIES BETWEEN 35 AND 50 SQ.M. WHEN POSSIBLE COMMON FUNCTIONS OF APARTMENT (WASHING OF CLOTHES, STORAGE) ARE BE PLACED OUTSIDE, DECENT APARTMENTS COULD BE DOWN TO 35 SQ.M.

RULE #6

ALLOWING MIXED-USE OF BUILDINGS

IF THE BUILT NEIGHBORHOOD SHOULD BE TRANSFORMED INTO MORE URBAN AND DENSE, MORE PROGRAMS OR USES OF BUILDING MUST BE ALLOWED.MULTIPROGRAMMED BUILDING OR AREAS WITH MORE THAN ONE USE CREATE MEETING PLACES BY THE VERY CONCEPT OF COMBINING USE.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

ALLOW SHOPS OR SERVICES IN EXISTING HOUSE BUILDINGS AND INTRODUCING VERTICAL ZONING AS COMPLIMENTARY TO HORIZONTAL ZONING.

RULE #7

NEIGHBOURS PRINCIPLES - ANTI-THESIS

DO NOT BLOCK MY AFTERNOON SUN

WITH THE LOCAL CLIMATE BEING HUMID AND UNSTABLE, THE AFTERNOONS WITH SUNNY WEATHER BECOMES IMPORTANT.

WITH CLIMATE CHANGE COMING, THE LOCAL WEATHER SYSTEMS WILL WITH MORE WIND, RAIN AND EVEN MORE UNSTABLE. THIS MAKES AFTERNOON SUN EVEN MORE IMPORTANT.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

RESIDENTS AND OWNERS OF DETACHED HOUSES DO NOT WANT NEW BUILDINGS OR CHANGED BUILDINGS TO BLOCK THE CLIMATIC COMFORT OF SUNNY WEATHER.

RULE #1

AFTER WORK TIME AND COMMUTING TIME, THE AFTERNOON SUN IS IMPORTANT.’

2 HOUSEHOLDS ON THE PROPERTY IS ENOUGH

RESIDENTS OF DETACHED HOUSES WANTS PRIVACY AND DO NOT WANT TO RELATE TO MANY PERSONS

RESIDENTS OF DETACHED HOUSES OFTEN HAVE YOUNG CHILDREN AND THE TIME WITH THEM ARE HIGHLY VALUED COMPARED TO TIME WITH OTHER NON-FAMILIAR PERSONS. THIS EXPERIENCE FORTIFIES AS A HABIT AND USUAL SOCIAL CIRCLES ALSO AFTER CHILDREN GROW ADULT.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

IN A NORWEGIAN CONTEXT, A DETACHED HOUSE OFTEN HAVE AN APARTMENT IN THE BASEMENT AND THIS INCOME IS TAX FREE. MOST RESIDENTS OF DETACHED HOUSES ONLY WANT TO HAVE 2 HOUSEHOLDS ON THE PROPERTY/IN THE HOUSE.

RULE #2

POSSIBILITY TO WALK AROUND THE WHOLE HOUSE

THE SENSATION OF FREEDOM IS IMPORTANT FOR RESIDENTS AND OWNERS OF DETACHED HOUSES.

ALSO THE SENSATION OF SPACIOUSNESS OR GENEROUS ROOMS AND PLACES IS IMPORTANT FOR RESIDENTS AND OWNERS OF DETACHED HOUSES.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

MOST DETACHED HOUSES ARE PLACED IN THE CENTER OF THE PROPERTY. THIS COMES FROM BOTH BUILDING REGULATIONS AND WISHES OF A LARGE GARDEN. MANY RESIDENTS OF DETACHED HOUSES HIGHLY VALUE THE POSSIBILITY TO WALK AROUND THE WHOLE HOUSE.

RULE #3

I AM DECIDING ON MY PROPERTY

THE SENSATION OF OWNERSHIP TO THE HOUSE AND PRIVATE OUTDOOR AREA IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR RESIDENTS IN DETACHED HOUSES.

FURTHER, THE SENSATION OF OWNERSHIP GETS STRENGTHENED BY THE ECONOMIC VALUE AND PERSONAL (OR PAID) LABOR TIME THAT IS AND WAS EARLIER PUT INTO THE HOUSE AND PRIVATE OUTDOOR AREA.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

TO LIVE IN A SELF-OWNED HOUSE OR APARTMENT IS HIGHLY VALUED IN NORWAY. THE MAJORITY OF NORWEGIANS LIVE IN DETACHED HOUSES. THESE HOUSES AND PROPERTIES FUNCTIONS AS BOTH FAMILY HOMES AND PERSONAL INVESTMENT OBJECTS.

RULE #4

THIS IS MY VIEW, DONT BLOCK IT

AFTER WORK HOURS AND COMMUTING, THE USUAL VIEW AND SIGHTLINES HAS A VERY HIGH VALUE FOR RESIDENTS IN DETACHED HOUSES.

THE HIGH VALUE OF THE USUAL VIEW AND SIGHTLINES WILL INCREASE IN VALUE WHEN ‘PERSONAL (OR PAID) TIME AND LABOR GETS INVESTED INTO THE HOUSE AND PRIVATE OUTDOOR. THIS CONSERVES THE EXISTING, USUAL VIEW.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

RESIDENTS IN DETACHED HOUSES PUT A HIGH VALUE ON THE USUAL VIEW AND SIGHTLINES FROM LIVING ROOMS OR PRIVATE OUTDOOR AREA. EXPERIENCING THIS DAILY AFTER WORK AND COMMUTING TIME CONTRIBUTE TO A CONSERVATIVE STANDPOINT

RULE #5

THE IN-BETWEENS OF THE OLD HOUSES ARE IMPORTANT

THE USUAL VIEWS AND SIGHTLINES FROM THE LIVING ROOMS AND PRIVATE OUTDOOR AREAS BECOMES VERY IMPORTANT FOR RESIDENTS AND OWNERS OF DETACHED HOUSES.

CHANGE OF THE IN-BETWEENS OF THE OLD HOUSES WILL ALSO CHANGE THE DEPTH OF TIME EXPERIENCED IN THE AREA.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

RESIDENTS IN DETACHED HOUSES HAVE OFTEN INVESTED CONSIDERABLE TIME, PASSION AND ECONOMIC VALUE INTO THEIR HOUSE AND DONT WANT CHANGE TO THE USUAL VIEW.

RULE #6

HIGH TRAFFIC SAFETY AND LOW TRAFFIC NOISE

TRAFFIC SAFETY CONCERNS COME PRIMARILY FROM PARENTHOOD AND THE PATH TO SCHOOL EXPERIENCED BY CHILDREN.

INTEREST IN LOW TRAFFIC NOISE COMES FROM THE NEED OF RELAXING AREAS INSIDE THE HOUSE AND IN THE GARDEN AREA.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

RESIDENTS OF DETACHED HOUSES HIGHLY VALUE PLEASANT AND LOW VOLUME ACOUSTIC SURROUNDINGS. THEY ALSO VALUE SAFE WALKING PATHS FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN.

RULE #7

PERCEIVED SAFE STREETS PROMOTE EVERYDAY WALKING, BOTH TO SCHOOL AND TO OTHER LOCAL DESTINATIONS.

LOW TRAFFIC IS HEALTHY, TO HIGH LEVELS OF NOISE IS DAMAGING HEALTH.

DENSIFICATION PRINCIPLES - SYNTHESIS

COMMERCIAL OR PUBLIC FIRST FLOOR

USING THE FIRST FLOOR AND STREET LEVEL OF EXISTING AND NEW BUILDINGS FOR URBAN ACTIVITY IS IMPORTANT. IT CREATES LIVELY STREET AND CONTRIBUTE MAKING EVERYDAY DESTINATIONS AND GENERALLY WALKABLE LOCAL AREA.

THE STREETLEVEL OF THE BUILDING SHOULD INCLUDE USAGE THAT FUNCTIONS WITH TRADE OR PUBLIC ATTENTION. THE ACTIVITY CAN BE COMMERCIAL OR IT COULD BE PUBLIC.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

IF THE ROOM IS NOT COMMERCIALLY VIABLE, THE PUBLIC PROGRAM SHOULD REPLACE IT.

RULE #1

CANCELLING PERSONAL PARKING AREA

PARKING AREA FOR PRIVATE CARS SHOULD NOT BE AVAILABLE IN PRIMARY AREAS FOR URBAN ACTIVITY.

EVERYONE ARE PEDESTRIANS, ALSO CAR DRIVERS. SOME WALKING IS ALREADY DONE AS CAR DRIVER AND MORE IS NEEDED.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

NEW HOUSING UNITS SHOULD NOT HAVE PARKING SPACE FOR PRIVATE CARS.

RULE #2

WITH HIGH QUALITY AND HIGH FREQUENCY OF MASS TRANSIT (BUSES AND TRAIN) THE NOR-MAL USE OF PRIVATE CARS AS TODAY IS NOT NECESSARY.ALSO THE RISE OF SELF-DRIVING CARS, THE SHARING OF CARS (CARPOOLS, UBER/LYFT) DE-CREASE THE NEED FOR PARKING A PRIVATE CAR NEAR THE HOUSE OR APARTMENT.

TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND PARKING GARAGES MAKE APARTMENTS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN NECESSARY.PARKING AREAS ARE ALWAYS PLACES FOR MACHINES AND DOES NOT PROMOTE SOCIAL AC-TIVITY. UNDERGROUND PARKING GARAGES COMBINED WITH ELEVATORS DAMAGE THE SOCIAL SITUATION OF BUILT SITUATION.

LIMITING PARKING SPACES IS THE MOST EFFICIENT METHOD OF CHANGING PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION HABITS.

EXPANDED AREA FOR DESIGN ONLY IF GAINING IMPROVED PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

WALKING PATHS ARE VERY OFTEN NEGLECTED - BUT CAN BE STRENGTHENED AND MADE ATTRACTIVE WITH SMALL ADJUSTMENTS OF BUILDINGS.

LIMITING BUILDING AREA WILL CONTRIBUTE DENSIFICATION THAT IS SUITABLE FOR THE AREA.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

IF LARGER AREA TO BUILD ON SHOULD BE CONSIDERED, WALKPATHS HAVE TO BE SECURED

RULE #3

GARDEN CAN BE ELEVATEDRULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

RULE #4

WHEN DENSIFYING THE LOCAL CLIMATIC QUALITIES CAN BE CHANGED

TO ELEVATE GARDENS CAN COMPENSATE FOR SHADOW OR DECREASED AREA OF GARDEN

HAVE GARDENS ON TOP OF BUILDINGS OR AS TERRACES AND BALCONIES, NOT ONLY ON TERRAIN

ELEVATED GARDENS COULD HAVE NICE LANDSCAPE VIEWS

KEEP EXISTING HOUSES

ITS SUSTAINABLE TO KEEP WHAT IS ALREADY BUILT. NEW BUILDINGS CREATE NEW EMISSIONS FROM PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT.

KEEPING THE EXISTING HOUSES WILL CONTRIBUTE TO A GOOD AND RESILIENT LOCAL CULTURE

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

WHEN CONSIDERING A PROPERTY FOR DENSIFICATION THE EXISTING BUILDING(S) SHOULD BE KEPT AND USED FURTHER.

RULE #5

THE EXISTING BUILDINGS SERVE TOGETHER WITH NEW BUILDINGS AS A PLACE-SPECIFIC DEPTH OF TIME.

DEMANDING TO KEEP EXISTING BUILDING WILL CONTRIBUTE TO A HIGHER LEVEL OF ARCHITECTURE

FLEXIBLE HEIGHT, BUT MINIMUM 2 METRES

THE STREET LEVEL FLOORS SHOULD BE TALLER THAN NORMAL TO FACILITATE TECHNICAL INSTALLATIONS

TALLER ROOMS CAN ACCOMODATE MORE DAYLIGHT AND THIS IS IMPORTANT WHEN THE FLOOR SIZE DECREASES.

RULE

EXPLANATION

ARGUMENT

THE STANDARD HEIGHT OF 3 METRES PER FLOOR CAN BE CHANGED, BUT MINIMUM HEIGHT HAS TO BE 2 METERS.

RULE #6

DIFFERENT BUILDING HEIGHTS CONTRIBUTE TO A LIVELY AND ATTRACTIVE STREET.