RTBI-can incubated companies make a...
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Rural Technology and Business Incubator:
Can incubated companies make a
difference in rural areas?
Ashok jhunjhunwala
IIT Madras
1
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India was struggling in eighties
• One had to wait for eight years to get a telephone
• Deposit money to get in a queue– To buy a two-wheeler took four years
– Gas connection took even longer
• Importing a simple USD3 microprocessor IC took one year
Life was difficult
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TeNeT Group
• A group of technology faculty at IIT Madras
– Committed to use S&T to make changes in India
– Soon recognized that work need to be carried out at:
• Technology level: to make products affordable to Indians
• Operations level: organizations / business which can scale
– entrepreneurship
• Policy level: to help business work
– Being at premium university, in a unique position to
influence policies
• Fortunately India got moving
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21.2
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HH Income in thousand Rs/month
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Urban Indian has changed: 65M urban homes
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HH Income in Rs /month
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2007
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Subscribers
in million
India is a large market, but at right
price point Mobile Market in India boomed
• Not until Mobile Infrastructure CAPEX < Rs 3000 per line
– and with handset price: Rs 1000 onwards
– service available at < 50 p per minute
– ARPU of about Rs 150
– 15+ million subscribers added each
month
Just Like number of TVs in India rose from 10 million to 100 million in 90’s when prices became URs1200 onwards and cable TV tariff fell below Rs 75 per month
• Number of TV channels boomed
• Entertainment industry in Indiaone of the biggest
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India on Move
• Airline Industry is booming in India: – Average tariffs have fallen to a fourth: affordable to middle class Indians
• Inspite of rising petrol prices
• The only limitation to growth is the airport infrastructure
• Auto Sector is booming– R&D driven initiative: Scorpio and Tata-Indica and now Tata Nano
– India emerging as leader in auto-component design and manufacturing
• India’s cement plants in 90’s virtually closed as they could not compete– Today India has some most energy efficient plants of the world
• Electricity from wind energy surpasses its nuclear energy– India’s wind energy company is the fastest growing one in the world
• Indian companies carrying out successful Drug discovery– Spends USD50-70M as opposed to USD800M for a drug
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Engineering Education
• 1M engineering students graduate every
year from 1000 engineering colleges
• Up from 25,000 in 100 schools in early eighties
– Uneven quality is a major problem
• was foreseen and resulted in reluctance to expand
But it is this human resources which has
driven growth
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• Growth of IT and IT enabled services is legendary
– Reaching USD50 billion in year 2009
– Trillion dollar IT Services industry being projected
The World is Flat
But you aint seen nothin yetfor the changes has not yet touched Rural India
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Dilemma:
Rural India is still far behind (700 million, 140 Million homes)
• Media has grown, reaches villages and is independent
– It shows the disparity between urban and rural life everyday
• Indian democracy is strong
– Gives opportunity almost every two years for people to vote out
• governments and policies which leaves them behind
– Singrurs are a reflection of this
• Politically unsustainable
– Government reacts: make social programs its primary emphasis
• Ahead of infrastructure for growth
2007
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3 9 13 18 26 42 65 112
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Rural India needs
• TeNeT / RTBI at IIT Madras has focused on these needs
– Using entrepreneurship leveraging ICT to
• build Technologies and Business Models
• and incubate enterprises that can scale
• Exploratory Ventures => Ventures in making => early-stage Ventures
Capacity Building
– Education
– Health
Livelihood
– Agriculture
– Industry
Enabling Services
– Electricity / Energy
– Finance
– Markets
– Water Management
– Communications
and Transportation
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Can Manufacturing be outsourced to villages?
Natural Fibre Based Products
• World-over rapid development in 20th centuries took place due to
– outsourcing of manufacturing
– outsourcing of services
• it all started with routine services
– But the nations (where services were outsourced) used this to build technical and business skills
• And soon became leaders in these industries
• and acquired business and technical leadership
• Can we now outsource manufacturing and services to villages and generate wealth and confidence?
• ROPE attempts to outsource manufacturing to villages – Obtain manufacturing contracts
especially those not involving • heavy machinery
• Large amount of power
– If some raw materials are from villages, it will be of further advantage
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Distributed Garment Manufacturing Distributed Garment Manufacturing
•Manufactures high quality uniforms
and Institutional Wear
•Outsources to micro-manufacturing
units in rural India
Clientele: 15. Getting
improved traction
Revenues: 36 L
Centres: 3 (new 1 in
Kerala)
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� Creation of Rural Delivery Model (RDM)
� Enable technology to move work to where people are, rather than move people where work is
� Provide customers with flexible work-force at competitive rates
� Sample of a work carried out by four villages working in coordination
� One did the translation
� Another did the flash
� Third did the voice recording
� Fourth did the integration
� Can we have a 25 seater BPO in each village� Employing 50 people
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Remote Training Rural people for
jobs • As India grows, it faces shortage of trained people
– Vocational Training in villages using ICT
– Connecting employable Rural Youth with Corporate
– Remote Screening, Selection, Learning ,Testing & Placement
Gearing rural India for the corporate world
• Allow the corporate India, tap the talent from rural India
• Offer youth from rural India better career options
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MobilTrain
Mobile based learning on the
go
1000 teachers are using
‘Quick Learns’ for efficient
teaching
2000 Subscribers from
Nokia life tools, Voluntary
Health Services & Private
School
Education: MobilTrain’s 5 products are well
accepted in over 30 schools in Tamil Nadu ie
Chennai, Coimbatore, Vellore, Dharmapuri,
Krishnagiri, Tiruvarur, Tiruchi and Madurai. The
company has planned to increase this to 100
private schools in the coming year.
The company is in discussion with a partner to
launch its products in Sri Lanka and Tanzania
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• To deliver a fun and
engaging way for
individuals to learn
programming skills (Java,
Java-script, PHP, Python to
start with)
• Aim to bridge the
employability bridging gap
between the Rural and
Urban
Content: Developed content for
English training
C1 – Basic language
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ICT based Remote Coaching
• Rural India has very few quality teachers
– Students find it difficult to pass board exams
• especially English and Maths
– “if we lived in towns, we could have sent our children
to a coaching school”
• Can remote teaching be carried out?
– Why not? after all we coach children in the West
from India using ICT
– Samvit provides Online Tutorials for classes 9th to
12th standard
• On computers
• And also on mobile phones
– Learn at level and pace tailored to individual students
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Edutor Technologies
• Edutor Technologies is learning solutions Company focused on making Tablets an essential tool in the hands of a student.
• The easy intuitive interface of the tablet and accessibility of compelling content/learning material on the tablets enable significant improvement in the efficiency and efficacy of learning experiences for the student
RTBI and TCOE at IIT Madras working on defining Aakash Tablet
is setting up Aakash Development Labs
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Avaz: Assisting Communications
• Avaz was awarded Winner of the National Award for Empowerment of People with Disabilities, 2010
• Received President award for Applied Research and product innovation
• Ajit recognized as Innovator of the Year 2011 by MIT Technology Review for Avaz
19www.inventionlabs.in
India-focused Product
development and
Product services
India-focused Product
development and
Product services
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Vet care with Veterinary collegeRemote Eye Care
Strengthening Health Care: Telemedicine
� Initial experiments with eye-care and with Veterinarian using the video conferencing
� Moved on to video-consulting for GP & gynecology problems
� Designed Telemedicine kit costing Rs 15K
� Focus on Village Health Practitioners: Training,
Medicine Basket, Test systems, Referral
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mHealth for Drug Adherence & Treatment FollowmHealth for Drug Adherence & Treatment Follow--up up
System for TuberculosisSystem for Tuberculosis
Build an eco-system that facilitates the successful management of TB by:
•Motivating and reminding patients to adhere
to their treatment protocol
•Follow-up of patients to track treatment completion
•Real-time updation and digital maintenance
of health information
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Design Rationale: Enabling End User Adherence
Lack of Awareness and
Motivation for drug
adherenceText and voice reminder messagesText and voice reminder messages
Customized reminder messages to
suit end-user requirements
Customized reminder messages to
suit end-user requirements
Multimodal adaptable User Interface for
voice interactions and mobile applications
Multimodal adaptable User Interface for
voice interactions and mobile applications
Leveraging TCP-SMS for mobile-phone
based Social networking
Leveraging TCP-SMS for mobile-phone
based Social networking
Need for networking among
the patient community
Patients with varied medical
history and specific needs
Need for inclusive services for
patients with various kinds of
impairment
Need for follow-up of
treatment protocolPatient monitoring and tracking systemPatient monitoring and tracking system
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Key ComponentsKey Components
• Mobile based registration and follow-up of patients
• Voice and text message based treatment reminder system in local language
• Web interface providing real-time access to information for patient monitoring
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Ayzh
6000 kits sold last FY
Partnership with SHGs in
Rural Karnataka
Distribution in resource
constrained environments
PLCs, Remote places,
Entry into African market
Fund raising in progress
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Agriculture: Managing Risks for farmers
AfterBefore
Okra crop turning
white
Pictures sent to the experts at Madurai Agricultural College:
diagnosed it as “Yellow Mosaic
disease”
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2007 - 2009
Early Exploration Understanding Nuances
Hands on interaction with Farmers (Organic, In-organic farming, Disparity
in Cropping and Climatic conditions within a Block…)
Moving from Internet based to mobile phone based services
Looking ahead then - Questions were plenty, interplay of various factors
affecting productivity (weather, water availability) – Farmer /Farm Specific
Looking ahead then - Questions were plenty, interplay of various factors
affecting productivity (weather, water availability) – Farmer /Farm Specific
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2009 – 2012
• Farmer: How to promptly deal with modern scientific farming?
• Extension workers: How to provide specific solutions for specific
problems?
Solution - Can we learn from other fields and apply concepts/models ? Solution - Can we learn from other fields and apply concepts/models ?
Farmer Expert
Bridging Distance
Bridging Information Gap
2 Way Knowledge Capture
RTBI, TNAU, Agricultural Extension Units, Uniphore Software Systems
Crop
Protection
Cultivation
Practices
Input Prices
Livestock
Market Info
Risk
Recovering
Value Addition
• How quickly can
an expert provide
the answer?
•How effective is
the information
available on the
Dashboard? Is it
utilized?
•Conferencing
solution to add
experts on the call
with the Farmer?
• How quickly can
an expert provide
the answer?
•How effective is
the information
available on the
Dashboard? Is it
utilized?
•Conferencing
solution to add
experts on the call
with the Farmer?�Weather
�Links to Market
Prices
�History of Farm,
Farmer profile, past
advisories given
�Photos of Pests
Potentially any
other required info
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Stellapps Technologies
“Quality of Life enhancing
solutions and Touch every
life every day”, Stellapps has
successfully gone live with its
SmartMoo™ - a small-farm
automation solution with
features for efficient herd
management, productivity
improvement and hygienic
milk production protocol
adherence, enabling rural
entrepreneurship that
includes the Bottom-of-the-
Pyramid (BoP).
SmartMoo 1.0 live in one
farm
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• Procurement– Organic farming Sangam
– Organic Farmers procurement Society
– Arogyam
• Drying
• Processing (Milling, Cleaning)
• Storage
• Transport
• Packing
Arogyam Organics
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Microspin Machine works
Microspinning, Integrate Cotton yarn production
At a scale hundred times smaller in scale to
conventional spinning
Enable diversity and quality to become
market differentiators
Aim to build an end to end technology solution
provider for rural supply chain
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Developed ARBIT Media for Rapid Composting
(Proprietary)
Installed Spirulina manufacturing units
Developed Technology for extraction of
Lycopene from Tomato (Proprietary)
Developed world’s largest Dunaliella plant in salt
pans for PBL in record 8 months time (145 acres
developed with ponds and infrastructure and
handed over for commercial exploitation
Executed many projects for MCRC at the village
level dissemination of Technologies
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• Agriculture
• Healthcare
• Livelihood
• FI
• Education
Information-on-demand
Data Gathering/Form
filling
Voice Authentication
Feedback/surveys
Alerts/Updates
Pull
Push
• multi-lingual
• Personalized
• Guided
conversation
• Natural Voice
Interactions
Transactions
Making Affordable Finance Available in Rural India
• Mobile Banking can reach most rural
customers
– But most are illiterate or semi-literate
• Voice based Mobile Banking in local language / dialects
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• Using Rural ATMs
– At a price point close to a fifth of regular ATMs
– Powered on solar
– Remote Electronic Lock
• Using Internet Kiosks
– Business Correspondents
• Using Mobile Banking and BCs
But how does one cash-in / cash-out?
GramaTeller
� Unique ID will enable Credit rating of rural customers
� Simple overdraft credit can meet
� most emergency consumer needs in rural India
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Powering Rural India
• Even most grid-connected villages do not have power from 10 to 20 hours a day– Villages can not have any production set-up without local power
• Each Village require 30 KW to 100 KW Power Generation– Solar Biomass Combustion
– Biogas Bio-diesel
– Solar photo-voltaic Solar thermal with Sterling engine
– Bullock-energy
• Solar power possible today– But dc-powered homes would consume about 35% of today’s power
– LEDs need dc power and consumes very little power
– DC motors consume 40% of power of the ac motors• DC motor based fans, grinders, washing machines, refrigerators, cell-phone chargers, computers and even
aircon
• High conversion efficiency for ac possible today for devices that need ac only
•Solar based lighting solutions:
― Lamps and flashlights/reading lights
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Designing Products and Packages
• Products from Rural india
often weak in
– Design
– Packaging
• et helps rural producers in
product & packaging design
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Revenues: 60 L
Milestone: partnership with
NABARD for designing credit
scoring mechanism
Aaum Analytics
• A company focused
on analytics
especially for Rural
India
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Village on Web(VoW)
in collaboration with iViL
▪ Village on Web (Vow) is a rural ecommerce portal for rural SHGs and producers
involved in enhancing livelihoods
▪ USP – Voice Response System functioning seamlessly along with a web portal
• Aug ‘12 - Soft Launch
IITM/RTBI community
• Cash on Delivery
• Producers handling
shipping
• Aug ‘12 - Soft Launch
IITM/RTBI community
• Cash on Delivery
• Producers handling
shipping
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In other wordsIn other words
Towards enabling Rural Areas….
Technology as an enabler…
Knowledge as a definer…
Business as an encompasser…
For rural is for the future
Technology as an enabler…
Knowledge as a definer…
Business as an encompasser…
For rural is for the future
• Technology can be used to take rural
India along with urban India
– ICT can help create viable
businesses to meet some rural
needs
– Will require Confidence, Local
technologies & Services and lots of
experiments, failures and hard work