DEVELOPMENTOFROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN NEPALA COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH FOR ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENTIn Nepal every day on average, 5 people werekilled11wereseriouslyinjuredand22sustainedminorinjuriesinabout25roadcrashes.Thesefindingsbasedonthedatacollected over the three years since 2010/2011.Thi sdat amayhavebeengrossl yunderestimatedintheabsenceofformalmechanism to collect road crash data in thecountry and actual figures are expected to besignificantly higher. Until recently, in spite ofrepeated alarms raised by several sectors ofsociety, a reduction in road trauma has notbeen a key national objective. Road safety hasnotbeenconsideredasamajorstrategiccomponent of Nepals road sector development programme. Interest in the road safety epidemic hashowever increased significantly during the last few years in accord with the UN Decade of Action forRoad Safety 2011-2020. Government of Nepal in 2013 developed Nepal Road Safety Action Plan (2013-2020). National Road Safety Council (NRSC) has been recently established in Nepal and actions are beingtaken on several fronts, albeit in isolated and fragmented ways.What is the context?In Nepal every day on average, 5 people were killed 11 were seriouslyinjured and 22 sustained minor injuries in about 25 road crashes overthe three years since 2010/2011.Crash risk is the product of exposure, probability and severityA preliminary framework for discussion and contribution to the development ofRoad Safety Management System in Nepal16000140001200010000800060004000200002001 / 022002 / 032003 / 042004 / 052005 / 062006/ 072007 / 082008 / 092009 / 102010 / 112011 / 122012 / 13Slight InjuriesSerious InjuriesFatalities60345841386237854138654146593925685179540398151866365573525835331113126635245135636096457173441307383168947018503183740187813181639868000

Road safety is a complex, integrated, dynamic andmulti-dimensional problem. Improvement in roadsafety requires actions on several fronts: engineeringand social science, education and public awareness,law and enforcement, health and emergency services,andmedi aandpubl i ci t ycampaigns,tonamejustafew.Actionsonmultiplefrontsarer equi r edi nac ompl exenvi r onment of t enwi t hconfl i cti ngandcompeti nginterests. A well-coordinated andconcerted effort from all agenciesworkingonthesefrontsisessential. This is possible only by implementing aholisticRoadSafetyManagementSystem(RSMS)with vision.There is no such a thing as absolute safety. There isalways a risk in any transport system. Road safety isall about reducing the level of risk; it is not to developcrash-free road or road network. A universal objectiveis to reduce the number and severity of the crasheswithinthelimitsofavailableresources,science,technology, and legislatively mandated priorities.ThispreliminaryBIGPICTUREproposal is prepared to providean overview on the developmentoftheNepal RoadSafetyManagement System (NRSMS).Itisexpectedthatthiswillcontri butetowi despreaddiscussionsandinterestsforpossiblecontributionstohelpdevelop this holistic system. A Safe System approach,whichmakesallowanceforhumanerrorandminimises the consequences, especially the risk ofdeathandseriousinjury,hasbeenacceptedinternationally as an approach to manage road safety.This proposal is developed making this approach acore principle.This proposal covers a wide rangeofissuesrelatedtoroadsafety:fromdataanalysistopotentialsolutions. It contains a project forevery organisation and a task toeachmemberofthesociety.Atotalofabout150projectsareidentified each contributing to thedevelopmentofroadsafetymanagement system.There is ascopetoincludemoreprojectsand subprojects as progress willbemadei ni mpl ementi ngidentified projects and gaps wouldbes ur f aceddur i ngt heimplementation. After the reviewofexistinginformationandinternationalbestpractices,itisproposed to develop NRSMS withs i x( 6) pr i nci pal s ys t emcomponents.Eachcomponentincludes a number of projects andsub-projects which will be scopeda n d d e v e l o p e d f o rimplementation in the next phase.What does it contain?Why this proposal?4 Component1(C1)NepalRoadSafetyInformationManagement(NRSIM)andDatabaseSystem:Population, vehicle, drivers, traffic, road and summary crash statistics4 Component2(C2)GovernanceandPlanning:Leadershipandcommitment,institutionalframework (organisational structure, resources, roles and responsibilities), funding framework(funding model), legal frameworks (acts and regulations) and technical frameworks (road safetydocuments); road safety countermeasures; road safety evaluation and improvement process;and road safety planning, policy and strategy (policy, vision, mission/targets, strategy and actionplans and activities).4 Component3(C3)Pre-crash(CrashPrevention)Systems: Crash prevention and road riskmanagement system: road users, speeds, vehicles and roads Sub-component 3.1 (C3.1) Safer Road Users: road use rules, driver licensing system,publiceducationandawareness,lawenforcement,competenceandtraining Sub-component 3.2 (C3.2) Safer Speeds: Speed management system and speed limits Sub-component 3.3 (C3.3) Safer Vehicles: Roadworthiness- national car assessmentprogram, vehicle standards compliance, vehicle inspection and maintenance system Sub-component 3.4 (C3.4) Safer Roads: Road design and maintenance, traffic controldevices, road safety audit, roadside hazard managementRoad safety is a sharedresponsibility. Everymember of society cancontribute to improveroad safety.

There is a project forevery organisation anda task to each memberof the society!

Alistofindicativeprojectsundereachcomponent that help develop a comprehensiveNepalRoadSafetyManagementSystem(NRSMS) is listed in this brochure. The list is notexhaustive but only indicative to demonstratetypicalprojects.Theseprojectsareneitherexclusivenorsequential.Thereisaneedadditionally to source information from otherprojects and programmes.AsthisdocumentisasummaryoftheBIGPICTURE proposal, the details of the projectsarenotpresentedatthisstage.Onlyanexpanded summary covering objectives, shortdescription,referenceswithnationalandinternational road safety initiatives, informationsources and expected outcomes of each projectis presented in this proposal to demonstrate the extent and nature of works required. Once the existinginformation is further analysed and possible interests and contributions from relevant stakeholders becomeclearer,theseprojectscanbescopedandundertakenasandwhenfundsbecomeavailable.What are the indicative projects?How will the system be developed?The system will be developed in stages:4 Stage 1 Consultations with relevant stakeholders4 Stage 2 Development of BIG PICTURE proposal4 Stage 3 Consolidation of existing projects and activities4 Stage 4 Scoping, funding and delivery of short-term projects4 Stage 6 Scoping, funding and delivery of medium-term projects4 Stage 7 Scoping, funding and delivery of long-term projects4 Stage 8Development of full NRSMS4 Stage 9System improvement and upgrade (ongoing)4 Component 4(C4) Post-crash (Post-crash Response and Management) System: Post-crashresponse and management system such as emergency preparedness, response and treatments4 Component 5(C5) Crash Investigation and Database System: Road crash investigation, datacoding, datacollection, datarecordingandcreationofroadcrashdatabase4 Component6(C6)RoadSafetyResearchandDevelopment:Roadsafetymonitoring,measurement, investigation and analysisWide Centre Line Treatment (WCLT) toreduce Head On CrashesWhat are the indicative short-term projects?A list of indicative short-term projects under each component that helps kick-start a comprehensive NepalRoad Safety Management System (NRSMS) is listed in this brochure. The list is not exhaustive but onlyindicative to demonstrate typical projects. The list is neither complete nor sequential.Project proposals will be finalised in Stage 4, 5 and6 after consolidating existing project activities andtheseprojectswillneedtobeimplementedconcurrently with funding support from interestedagencies.A building block approach involving several activitiesis adopted. Each component of the system can bedeveloped concurrently and mostly independently.Whenallthesub-systemsorcomponentsaredelivered a full-scale safety management system willeventually be established. For example, the crashdatabase system needed for safety management willhave to be developed in the first stage. This systemusesdatacollectedfromthecrashinvestigationsystem which would contain data from crashes dulycoded using an acceptable crash coding system by severity and by type. Crash data obtained from awell maintained central crash database system willthenbeusedtoidentifyblackspotsandcorrespondingtypesoftreatment. Targetedroadsafety initiatives can then be suggested to reduceroad crashes on that particular location.The above is an example of one component/sub-system.Eachsub-systemorcomponentwillbedeveloped with the same approach. We have a long-term vision for the system. A prerequisite to realisethisvisionanddeliverthesystemisarobustinstitutional, legal, funding and technical framework.This is proposed as a part of governance component.This framework needs to be developed in tandemin order to sustain the above system and sub-systems.What time frame are we looking at to deliver the system?It is not expected that all road safety system components discussed in this proposal can be completedwithin the immediate future. Rather, it will provide strategic direction and help build the system step-by-step. The following tentative timelines are proposed to complete projects and develop a full system:4 Short-term projects: 0-5 years4 Medium-term projects: 5-10 years4 Long-term projects: 10-15 years4 Full system development: 20 years4 System improvement: ongoingWhere the money is expected to come from?Financial contributions are essential to develop the system. Funding supports need tobe sought from interested funding agencies and from the government on project-by-project basis.A number of specific projects will also be scoped, methodologies developed andcosted with a time frame for deliverables. Financial support will be sought frominterested funding agencies or from the government on project-by-project basis.Individual agencies can select the entire management system development, ora specific component of it, or a number of related components or projects of interest,for funding. The beauty of this proposal is that all these projects individually designed,funded and delivered will collectively be able to contribute to the BIG PICTURE, i.e., tothe development of the comprehensive Road Safety Management System in Nepal. It isrecognised that some of the projects identified in this proposal are already in the process of implementationbut in isolation and without the "big picture". These projects will be reviewed and improvements, ifrequired, will be identified and brought into the management system. We will work together with theseagencies so that projects already started would align with the proposed system. Expert advice will beprovided where necessary.All stakeholders, who have interests in road safety in Nepal can beinvolvedinoneormorecomponentsorprojectsofthesystem.Contributions from all stakeholders such as national and internationalinstitutions, and bilateral and multilateral funding agencies are neededinordertoinitiate,conductandcompletetheroadsafetyprojectactivities identified in this proposal. The contributions can be projectfunding and in-kind support (donations, time and ideas). It is expectedthat a full-scale Nepal Road Safety Management System (NRSMS) willbe institutionalised, implemented and sustained once these projectactivities are completed, updated and monitored.Who can get involved?Everyone!What can I do to help build the System?Each governmental and non-governmental agencieshaving interest in road safety can take up a projector a set of projects from one of the six componentsidentified in the "BIG PICTURE" Proposal dependingonitsinterestandcapacity.Thescopedprojectproposals which will be developed during the projectpreparation stage will be provided to these agencies.Agencies can develop, formulate and implement anentirely new project that would align with one of thecomponentsandthatwoul dsupportthedevelopmentofNRSMS.Infact,anyprojectthatwould contribute to the development of NRSMS orto improve road safety outcomes can be included.Alternatively,interestedagencieswhoarenotresourced to undertake safety projects on their ownmay wish to contribute cash to undertake a specificproject or projects to Nepal Road Safety ResearchFund that will soon be formalised. The Fund can beadministered by Sustainable Transport and TrafficSolutions,anot-forprofitcharityorganisationincorporatedinAustraliaorbyaseparateindependent Board of Directors. Details of operationof the Fund are yet to be developed. This will be donebeforelaunchingtheFundinconsultationwithstakeholders and key agencies contributing to theFund. All expenses will be made public and it will betransparent.Otheroptionsofcontributionsarealsopossible.Theseoptionsmayrangefromsimplyexpressingsolidarity,participatinginroadsafetyactivitieslaunchedbyinterestedagencies,volunteeringinroad safety campaigns to helping develop road safetyawareness materials and running road safety classesinschools,collegesandcommunitygroupsorinterested local clubs.Every responsible member of society canhelp build the SystemEven though it may take up to 20 years to develop the system and to make it fully operational, the proposedsystem development model is a building block approach where short-term projects are expected to resultsafety outcomes and associated operational level management system in near future. Projects in subsequentstagesaremeanttoestablishrobustandsustainablemanagementsystem. Thesystemneedstobecontinuously refined and improved with the addition of newer and more complex research type projects.

SustainableTransportandTraffic Solutions (STTS) is a teamof people spread around the worldhavingdesiretocontributesomething to the community towhi chtheybel ong. Havi ngdevelopedexpertiseinvariedsectors (mainly in traffic, transportandalliedfields)nationallyandinternationally,theyknowtheproblems, peoples and places onbothsidesoftheworldandareabletoseeclearlyprospectsforpracticalsolutions.Theteammembersareawarethatwhatworks overseas might not work inNepal.Also,whatisrequiredinNepalmaynotbeavailableoverseas.Butwhenthebasicprinciples and policies required forsolutionsavailableoverseasareblended with the real needs andenvi ronmenti nNepal , theinefficienciesinreinventinganentirely new wheel for developingpotential solutions for problemsdominatingthecountrycanbesignificantly reduced. One of thepotentialproblems,whichhasbeenwellrecognisednationallyand globally, is how to reduce theburden of road crashes on publichealthandresultingnegativeimpacts on Nepals economy.Thousands of people are gettingkilled in Nepal for no fault of theirown. With the expansion of roadnetworkandincreaseinthenumberofvehiclesacrossthecountry, the problem of road safetyhas been clearly felt by everyoneconcerned. Roads built for the sakeof national development using thescarce aid resources from aroundtheworldarebecomingdeathtraps. The dangers and potentialrisks can be removed or reducedby applying simple but sustainableand practical solutions. STTS is ateam of like-minded people, whohavethesimilarfeelingsandcommon interests to contribute todevelop such solutions. The teammoves forward with the vision thatnooneshouldbekilledorseriously injured on the roads inNepal.Theteamaimstoworktogether with National Road SafetyCounci l ( NRSC) whi chi sestablished to coordinate solutionsneeded from various agencies tothe Government of Nepal. It willcollaboratewithallrelevantgovernment and non-governmentagencies as well as multilateral andbilateral aid agencies, overseas andlocal road safety research agencies,local and international businessesand industries who have a stake inroad safety.Who are we?The following members have expressed their interest to work as a team and contribute to this work at thetime of developing this proposal. The team can be expanded as and when more interest to contribute isreceived. In fact, contributions are open to everyone. Each team member identified below is expected tolead a key strategy (or system component) area for potential solutions. Over time, more professionals canbe included in the project team attached to one or more of the relevant components. This is a loose andflexible association of individual professionals, who are bound together with the desire to collaborate anddeliver meaningful outcomes, which will help to reduce road trauma and the burden on the public healthsystem and economy of Nepal. Key team members include:Key team members include4 Dr. Partha Parajuli (Principal Engineer, Queensland Dept. of Transport & Main Roads, Australia)4 Dr. Kali Prasad Nepal (Senior Lecturer, Deakin University, Australia)4 Dr. Chandra Shrestha (Professor, Nepal Engineering College, Nepal)4 Dr. Prem Chhetri (Professor, RMIT University, Australia)4 Dr. Prakash Ranjitkar (Senior Lecturer, University of Auckland, New Zealand)4 Dr. Nirajan Shiwakoti (Senior Lecturer, RMIT University, Australia)4 Dr. Shyam Sharma (Region Traffic Engineering Manager, Oregon Dept. of Transportation, USA)4 Dr. Ganesh Karkee (Senior Operations Engineer, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, USA)4 Dr. Shovakar Dhakal (Associate Professor, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand)Members of STTS have strong desire togivesomethingtheyknowfromtheiroverseas work back to the community towhich they belong

Proposed Team StructureProject CoordinatorDr P ParajuliLocal Support(NTDRC)Deputy Project Coordinator (Technical)Dr K NepalDeputy Project Coordinator (Governance)Dr C ShresthaGovernance & PlanningDr P ParajuliDr C ShresthaDatabase SystemDr P ChhetriPre-Crash SystemsDr S SharmaPost-CrashManagement SystemDr G KarkeeCrash InvestigationSystemDr P ParajuliResearch &DevelopmentDr K NepalSafer Road UsersDr N ShiwakotiSafer VehiclesDr S DhakalSafer RoadsDr S SharmaSafer SpeedsDr P RanjitkarInordertoestablisharobustandlonglastinginstitutionalframeworkunderwhichthisholisticwork can be progressed, an independent not-for-profit business entity Sustainable Transport andTrafficSolutions(separatetoteammemberscurrent affiliations) has been recently registered inAustralia to secure its legal status for doing business.This has been done after the presentation of the draftproposalinOctober2014inthestakeholders'workshop which was attended by many Governmentorganisations and other interested agencies in Nepal.Local support is expected to be provided by NepalTransportationDevelopment&ResearchCentre(NTDRC) as well as from Road Safety Society of Nepal(RSSN). A local project partner, separate to NTDRCorRSSN,maybenominatedforeachindividualproject identified under this proposal based on theactualneed,interest,fundingandnatureoftheproject.Interestshavealsobeenreceivedfromanumber of reputed transport and traffic consultantsoperating in Australia and in Nepal to contribute tothis initiative.Distribution of Responsibilities&One option of team structure with indicative responsibility areas is included later in this brochure. Where to from here?Following the completion of consultation process (workshop of October 2014), the draft proposal has beenfinalised incorporating feedbacks from stakeholders. A not for profit charity business entity has beenregistered in Australia. A proposal (Business case) for project preparatory works has been completed whichproposes the following activities:4 Activity 1:Technical assistance to two sets of pilot projects involving countermeasures to reduce Pedestrian crashesw Mid-block crossingsw Gateway treatmentsRoad departure crashesw Roadsidebarriersandaudiotactilelinemarking(ATLM)onroadedgesw Median treatments (wide centre line marking with or without ATLM, raised medians,with the provision of passing lanes or 2+1 lanes as appropriate)4 Activity 2:Scoping of all identified projects (short to medium term)4 Activity 3:Development of Nepal Road Safety Information Management System and Crash DatabaseSystem4 Activity 4:TechnicalsupporttoNRSCandCapacityBuildingoflocalengineersonroadsafety4 Activity 5: Refinement / Update of Big Picture Proposal and Ongoing ImprovementApart from undertaking other important activities, the project proposal suggests to scope each of theidentified project in the BIG PICTURE Proposal, set priorities, estimate resources, budget and time frame,and specify deliverables. It will also attempt to identify potential partners for completing the project. Eachcore member of the team (Component Leader) contributes in scoping the projects in the component s/heis nominated to lead. These activities are expected to lay the initial foundation stone for the developmentof NRSMS with projects ready for taking up/ funding by interested agencies. The proposal for projectpreparatory works will be submitted to the Government of Nepal for its consideration together with thehanding in of the BIG PICTURE Proposal.Other future activities include:4 Develop each project fully (this is expected to be an ongoing activity and may require a number ofiterationsandstagingdependingonthenatureoftheproject,interestsandavailablefunding)4 Apply for funding for each individual project (some projects will be commenced even before securingfund. Examples include: development of crash investigation guideline; review and update of existingroad safety audit policy, guideline and manual; road safety auditors accreditation policy; manual ofNepal road rules; development of typical designs for pedestrian crossing and other crash reductiontreatments such as gateways, guard rails, crash cushion barriers, median treatments, intersectiontreatments for immediate use by consultants and construction industries and other projects that donot require external resources and field work). A number of funding application initiatives is alreadyunder way.4 Identify new projects, scope them, develop business case and apply for funding4 Deliver projects4 Provide assistance in the implementation of Road Safety Management System by putting all relevantproject outcomes together- some project outcomes are mandatory such as crash investigation andrecording system, training and data collection system while other project outcomes are complimentary.In fact, an incremental change/improvement approach will be adopted as far as possible to get valuefor money.It is important to recognise that works on road safety improvement do not stop with the completion ofthe development of the Road Safety Management System. The system is only a tool to manage road safetybetter. We need to continue the work to reduce road trauma on an ongoing basis. The safety managementsystem is a way to provide a framework for delivering improved road safety in Nepal. It works in the fashionsimilar to the road asset management system with which most engineers, planners and policy makers areaware.Component C1: Nepal Road Safety Information Management System (NRSIM) and Database System4 Project 2.1Development of Nepal Road Safety Divisions (NRSD)4 Project 2.2Development of Population Database4 Project 2.3Development of Road Inventory and Traffic Stream Database4 Project 2.4Development of Road Vehicle and Driver Database4 Project 2.5Development of Nepal Road Crash Summary Statistics for Public Use4 Project 2.6International Comparisons and Benchmarking4 Project 2.7Strengthening and Privatisation of NRSIM SystemComponent C2: Governance and Planning4 Project 3.1Development of Institutional Framework for Road Safety Management in Nepal4 Project 3.2Development of Funding Framework for Road Safety in Nepal4 Project 3.3Development of Legal Framework: Road Safety Acts, Rules and Regulations4 Project 3.4Development of Technical Framework: Road Safety Documents & Resources4 Project 8.1Development of Nepal Road Safety Measures (NRSM) or Treatments4 Project 8.2Development of Nepal Road Safety Measures (NRSM) or Treatments Documents4 Project 9.1Development of Nepal Road Safety Evaluation and Improvement (NRSEI) Process4 Project 10.1Incorporation of Road Safety in National Planning and Policy4 Project 10.2Development of Nepal Road Safety Strategy (NRSS)4 Project 10.3Development of Indirect Strategies to Enhance Road Safety OutcomesComponent C3: Pre-Crash Systems4 Sub-Component C3.1 Safer Road Users Project 4.1Crash Prevention System: Development of Nepal Road Rules Project 4.2Crash Prevention System: Graduated Licencing System Project 4.3Crash Prevention System: Public Education and Awareness Project 4.4Crash Prevention System: Law Enforcement4 Sub-Component C3.2 Safer Speeds Project 4.5Crash Prevention System: Development of Speed Limits and Speed Management System4 Sub-Component C3.3 Safer Vehicles Project 4.6Crash Prevention System: Vehicle Inspection and Roadworthiness4 Sub-Component C3.4 Safer Roads Project 4.7Crash Prevention System: Road Design and Maintenance Project 4.8Crash Prevention System: Traffic Control Devices Project 4.9Crash Prevention System: Development of Road Safety Audit System Project 4.10Crash Prevention System: Roadside Hazard ManagementComponent C4: Post-Crash System4 Project 5.1Development of Robust Nepal Post-Crash Management System (NPCMS)Component C5: Crash Investigation and Database System4 Project 6.1Development of Nepal Road Crash Investigation System (NRCIS)4 Project 6.2Nepal Road Crash Data Collection, Coding and Recording System4 Project 7.1Development of Nepal Road Crash Database System (NRCDS)Component C6: Road Safety Research and Development4 Project 11.1Road Safety Research and DevelopmentLIST OF INDICATIVE PROJECTSComponent C1: Nepal Road Safety Information Management System (N-RSIM) and Database System4 Project C1/P2.1.1Review, update or develop and implement NRSD4 Project C1/P2.1.2Develop (electronic) database of NRSD4 Project C1/P2.2.1Review and update or develop (electronic) population database4 Project C1/P2.2.2Collect and incorporate personal and socioeconomic variables required for road safetyanalysis in the (electronic) population database system4 Project C1/P2.3.1Review and update or develop (electronic) road inventory database4 Project C1/P2.3.2Review and update or develop (electronic) traffic stream database4 Project C1/P2.3.3Plan, develop and implement automatic system of collecting dynamic traffic stream(volume, composition, speed, axle loads etc.) data4 Project C1/P2.4.1Review and update or develop (electronic) road vehicle database4 Project C1/P2.4.2Review and update or develop (electronic) driver licence database4 Project C1/P2.5.1Develop a summary of Nepal road crash statistics4 Project C1/P2.5.2Develop Nepal road crash fact sheetsLIST OF INDICATIVE SHORT-TERM PROJECTSComponent C2: Governance and Planning4 Project C2/P3.1.1Review and develop an institutional framework (organisational structure) that connectsnational, regional and local road safety authorities (MoPIT/DoR/DoTM, MoFALD/DoLIDAR,MoHP, Traffic Police, Municipalities, VDCs) and stakeholders4 Project C2/P3.1.2Establish dedicated road safety organisational units within various government departments and other non-government organisations4 Project C2/P3.1.3 Develop institutional capability and resources of DoTM4 Project C2/P3.1.4Develop documents outlining the roles, responsibilities, accountabilities and duty-of-care of all levels of road safety organisational structure4 Project C2/P3.1.5Establish sound vertical and horizontal coordination mechanism across road safety authorities4 Project C2/P3.1.6Train road safety authorities and stakeholders4 Project C2/P3.1.7Develop road safety portfolio/program/project governance framework4 Project C2/P3.2.1Develop Nepal road safety funding framework and model4 Project C2/P3.2.2Establish a committee to review and implement road safety funding model4 Project C2/P3.3.1 Review and update Motor Vehicles and Transport Management Act, 2049 (1993)4 Project C2/P3.3.2Review and update Motor Vehicle and Transport Management Regulations, 2055 (1999)4 Project C2/P3.3.3Review and update Motor Vehicles and Transport Management Rules, 2054 (1997)4 Project C2/P3.3.4Review and update Motor Vehicle and Transport Management Ordinance, 2050 (1993)4 Project C2/P3.3.5 Review and update Local Self Governance Act, 2055 (1999)4 Project C2/P3.3.6Develop Nepal Road Safety Act4 Project C2/P3.4.1 Review and update or develop road safety technical documents (standards, strategies,policy, action plans, manuals, guidelines, reports, forms and checklists etc.)4 Project C2/P3.4.2 Review and update or develop (electronic) library of road safety technical documents4 Project C2/P3.4.3Review and update or develop documents (strategy, policy, manual, guidelines, forms,checklists etc.) for insurance system (driver, passengers, vehicles etc.)4 Project C2/P8.1.1 Develop Nepal road safety measures of key crash types4 Project C2/P8.1.2Develop Nepal road safety measures of all crash types4 Project C2/P8.1.3Implement pilot/trial for at least two selected low-cost high-benefit treatments4 Project C6/P8.2.1Develop documents (framework, policy, manuals, guidelines) for Nepal road safety measuresComponent C3: Pre-Crash (Crash Prevention) Systems4 Sub-Component C3.1 Safer Road Users Project C3.1/P4.1.1Review and update or develop Nepal Road Rules Project C3.1/P4.1.2Develop simplified versions of Nepal Road Rules for driver training and education Project C3.1/P4.2.1Review, update or develop and implement Graduated Licensing System Project C3.1/P4.2.2Review and update or develop documents (strategy, policy, manuals, guidelines, forms,checklists) for Graduated Licensing System Project C3.1/P4.2.3Develop a network of adequate, modern and state-of-the-arts driver training areas or centres Project C3.1/P4.2.4Train driving school instructors and driving inspectors Project C3.1/P4.3.1Review, update or develop and implement road safety advertising materials and resources (posters, print media, TV/Radio) Project C3.1/P4.2.2Review, update or develop and implement regular road-safety education programmesfor professional drivers Project C3.1/P4.2.3Conduct road-safety awareness campaigns for vulnerable road users (school children,elderly, disabled and alcohol-and-drug affected persons) Project C3.1/P4.3.4Train drivers and other road users Project C3.1/P4.3.5Develop a comprehensive code-of-conduct for all road-users (drivers, passengers, pedestrians, street-vendors) Project C3.1/P4.3.6Review, update or develop and implement road safety education in school curriculumwith regular revisions Project C3.1/P4.3.7Review, update or develop and implement road safety courses at the universities Project C3.1/P4.3.8Develop road safety research centres at the universities Project C3.1/P4.4.1Review, update or develop and implement a system of enforcing Nepal Road Rules Project C3.1/P4.4.2Review, update or develop and implement a system of prosecuting rule offenders Project C3.1/P4.4.3Train law enforcement officers and undertake trials for enforcing rules Project C3.1/P4.4.4Review, update or develop and implement random roadside checkingsystem (registration, driving licence, drink driving, seat-belts, helmet, child restraints, vehicle roadworthiness, passenger limits, load limits, dimensions, modifications) for compliance Project C3.1/P4.4.5Review, update or develop and implement strict safety rules for public and commercialvehicles Project C3.1/P4.4.6Develop measures (engineering + others) and provide logistic supports for monitoringroad users behaviour (CCTV cameras, radar guns, vehicles)4 Project C2/P9.1.1Develop documents (strategy, policy, action plan, manuals, guidelines, forms, checklists)for Nepal Road Safety Evaluation and Improvement (NRSEI) process4 Project C2/P9.1.2Develop network screening modalities4 Project C2/P9.1.3Develop project prioritisations modalities4 Project C2/P9.1.4Develop safety effectiveness monitoring and evaluation system4 Project C2/P10.1.1Review and update or incorporate road safety as a part of national and road sector policy and programmes4 Project C2/P10.1.2Review and update or incorporate road safety as a major strategic component of Nepalsroad sector programmes4 Project C2/P10.2.1Develop Nepal Safety Strategy (NRSS)4 Project C2/P10.2.2Develop mechanism to monitor implementation of NRSS4 Project C2/P10.3.1Introduce road-safety impact assessment and controls in all major land development programs and projectsComponent C4: Post-Crash (Response and Management) System4 Project C4/P5.1.1Review and update or develop post-crash response and management system4 Project C4/P5.1.2Review and update or develop documents (framework, strategy, policy, directives,manual, guidelines, forms, checklists) for post-crash response and management system4 Project C4/P5.1.3Review and update or develop post-crash emergency communication systems (toll-free telephone number, telephone booths, SMS, email, website etc.)4 Project C4/P5.1.4Set up an optimal (response time and/or cost minimizing) network of ambulance services (on-road, helicopters, paramedics) throughout Nepal4 Sub-Component C3.2 Safer Speeds Project C3.2/P4.5.1Review and update or develop posted speed limit system Project C3.2/P4.5.2Develop documents (strategy, policy, framework, action plan, manuals, guidelines, forms, checklists) for posted speed limit system Project C3.2/P4.5.3Review, update or develop and implement a system for enforcing speed limits Project C3.2/P4.5.4Review, update or develop and implement pedestrian-friendly zones (school zones, market zones) Project C3.2/P4.5.5Review and update or develop speed limit system at pedestrian-friendly zones Project C3.1/P4.4.6Develop measures (engineering + others) and provide logistic supports for monitoringspeed limits (speed cameras, radar guns, vehicles)4 Sub-Component C3.4 Safer Roads Project C3.4/P4.7.1Review and update Nepal Road Design Standards Project C3.4/P4.7.2Review and update Nepal Road Maintenance Standards Project C3.4/P4.7.3Train engineers for safety retrofit and trial projects Project C3.4/P4.7.4Review and update or develop road-maintenance priority system Project C3.4/P4.7.5Develop design guideline for safer roads and construct required infrastructures Project C3.4/P4.7.6Develop and implement a system of reporting road safety progresses by responsibleroad safety authorities Project C3.4/P4.7.7Develop and implement a system of prosecuting road authorities for failing to provide a safe road environment Project C3.4/P4.8.1Review and update or develop documents (policy, manual, guidelines, forms, checklists) for traffic control devices Project C3.4/P4.8.2Review, update or develop and implement a system of mandatory work-zone safetyplanning Project C3.4/P4.8.3Develop a system to monitor compliance and to enforce laws to regarding traffic control devices Project C3.4/P4.8.4Review, update or design and implement pedestrian crossings at specified locations Project C3.4/P4.8.5Review and update or develop Assets Management Plan for traffic control devices Project C3.4/P4.9.1Review, update or develop and implement Nepal Road Safety Audit (NRSA) System Project C3.4/P4.9.2Review and update or develop documents (strategy, policy, manual, guidelines, forms, checklists) for Nepal Road Safety Audit (NRSA) System Project C3.4/P4.9.3Pilot the Nepal Road Safety Audit to samples of SRN Project C3.4/P4.9.4Review, update or develop and implement a system of modifying existing unsafe roads identified by Nepal road safety audit (NRSA) Project C3.4/P4.9.5Train road safety authorities and stakeholders on safe roads and safety audits Project C3.4/P4.10.1 Review, update or develop and implement Nepal roadside hazard management system Project C3.4/P4.10.2Review and update or develop documents (strategy, policy, action plan, manual, guidelines, forms, checklists) for Nepal roadside hazard management system Project C3.4/P4.10.3Review, update or develop and implement adequate delineation measures on all roads Project C3.4/P4.10.4Review existing practice of installing guard rails Project C3.4/P4.10.5Review, update or develop documents (design standards, specifications, manuals, guidelines, forms, checklists) for guard rails and other road side barriersComponent C5: Crash Investigation and Database System4 Project C5/P6.1.1Review, update or develop and implement Nepal road crash investigation system (NRCIS)4 Project C5/P6.1.2Review and update or develop documents (policy, manual, guidelines, forms, checklists)for NRCIS4 Project C5/P6.1.3Review and update or develop Terms-of-Reference (ToR) for crash investigators4 Project C5/P6.1.4Train crash investigators and develop a network of authorised crash investigators4 Project C5/P6.2.1Review, update or develop and implement Nepal Road Crash and Severity Classification(NRCSC) system4 Project C5/P6.2.2Review, update or develop and implement Nepal Road Crash Data Coding, Collection and Recording System4 Project C5/P6.2.3Review and update or develop documents (policy, legal requirements, manual, guidelines,forms, checklists) for Nepal Road Crash Data Coding, Collection and Recording System4 Project C5/P6.2.4Review, update or develop and implement Nepal crash coding system4 Project C5/P6.2.5Review and update or develop a list of crash contributing factors4 Project C5/P6.2.6Review and update Nepal Road Crash Record4 Project C5/P6.2.7Review, develop and utilize modern technologies to collect crash dataComponent C6: Road Safety Research and Development4 Project C6/P11.1.1Develop road safety performance statistics4 Project C6/P11.1.2Investigate black spots and develop countermeasures4 Project C6/P11.1.3Review and develop crash cost (human capital approach)4 Project C6/P11.1.4Review and develop crash cost (willingness-to-pay approach)4 Project C6/P11.1.5Develop (base) crash modification factors (CMFs)4 Project C6/P11.1.6Develop safety performance functions (SPFs)4 Project C6/P11.1.7Investigate key crash types and develop countermeasures4 Project C6/P11.1.8Undertake KAP (knowledge-attitude-practice) study on risk acceptance (both providersand users of road transport service)4 Project C6/P11.1.9Undertake needs assessment/feasibility of developing NRAM/NRAP4 Project C6/P11.1.10 Establish strategic/optimal (response time minimizing, cost minimizing) location of post-crash response facilities4 Project C4/P5.1.5Develop post-cash facility site maps4 Project C4/P5.1.6Develop a national ambulance management documents (strategy, policy, directives,manual, guidelines, forms, checklists)4 Project C4/P5.1.7Develop code-of-conduct for managing crash scenes4 Project C4/P5.1.8Train emergency agencies (e.g. Traffic Police, Civilian Police, Army, Fire-brigade, Paramedics etc.) for improving post-crash response and for managing crash-scenes4 Project C4/P5.1.9Open trauma care centers across Nepal4 Project C4/P5.1.10Train medical personnel for trauma-care services at all levels (primary, secondary, tertiary) with expertise on treatment of road crash victims4 Project C4/P5.1.11Develop a priority system for caring major crash victims at trauma centers4 Project C4/P5.1.12Investigate funding sources and develop a funding model to assist medical rehabilitation and disability of crash victims4 Project C4/P5.1.13Develop documents (strategy and policy) to fund medical rehabilitation and disabilityof crash victims4 Project C4/P5.1.14Develop policy for employment opportunities for people with crash disabilities4 Project C4/P5.1.15Develop and maintain a comprehensive post-crash injury surveillance system in hospitals and healthcare centers (uniform/standard entry in trauma registry and improved crash reporting)Project 4.9 Crash Prevention System: Development of Road Safety Audit System(Component C3.4: Pre-crash Systems: Safer Roads)1. Objective:4 To develop and implement Road Safety Audit process2. Description:4 Develop a compulsory comprehensive road safety auditing process for both existing and new roads.Develop road safety tools/checklists to be used for auditing process. Develop a system to train expertroad safety auditors.4 Road Safety Audit projects: Develop Road Safety Audit Policy Develop Manual of Road Safety Audit-review existing and improve Develop training manuals and training programs for auditors Develop auditors licensing system4Systematic safety audit, safety impact and/or road assessment policies and practices in place4Develop tools such as NepRAP (similar to AusRAP, EuroRAP)4Develop tools such as NepRAM (similar to ANRAM)3. Reference to UN Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-20204 Pillar 2: Safer Roads and Mobility (Activity 3 - Activity 5: Auditing System for New and Existing Roads)4. Reference to Nepal Road Safety Action Plan (2013-2020)4 Pillar 2: Safer Roads and Mobility [Activity B(1):Develop road safety audit manual for non-strategicroads and gradually enforce safety audits in all roads (strategic and non-strategic roads),Activity B(2): Introduce compliance policy for safety audits recommendations (strategic and non-strategicroads)]5. Information Source:4 National existing manuals and laws4 International best practices6. Outcome:4 Nepal Road Safety Auditing SystemThis brochure is prepared to provide an overview on the development ofNepal Road Safety Management System (NRSMS)Dr. Kali Prasad NepalSenior Lecturer in Civil Engineering (Traffic and Transportation)Deakin University, AustraliaEmail: kpnepal@hotmail.comDr. Partha Mani ParajuliPrincipal EngineerQueensland Department of Transport & Main Roads, AustraliaEmail: pmparajuli@gmail.com K. P. Nepal and P. M. Parajuli