Rsd3 presentation web

DRAWING FUTURES TOGETHER.

Diagrams for the Design of Scenarios for Liveable Cities

Serena PollastriRSD3 SymposiumOslo, October 2014

A BRIEF HISTORY OF MEHow (and why) I got where I am.

Milan

service design

creative communities

collaborative urban maps


MilanShanghai

service design

service design “rururban”

sustainability

urban agriculture

foodcreative

communities



Toronto MilanShanghai

service design


sustainability

urban agriculture

foodcreative

communities


foodgraphic design

service design


Toronto Milan

Lancaster

Shanghai

service designvisualisations

urban living

future(s)metadesign


sustainability

urban agriculture

foodcreative

communities


foodgraphic design

service design

SCENARIOS OF FUTURE URBAN LIVINGForesight report: Living in the City

Urry, J., Caletrio, J., Birtchnell, T., Pollastri, S. Future Cities: Living in the Cities. UK Government Office for Science. 2014https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/future-cities-living-in-the-city.


Urry, J., Caletrio, J., Birtchnell, T., Pollastri, S. Future Cities: Living in the Cities. UK Government Office for Science. 2014https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/future-cities-living-in-the-city.

RESEARCH CONTEXTCities, complexity, futures

Design approach:- map the system to find emerging opportunities, rather than solving single problems- design tools for collaboration.

how many designers does it take to change a light bulb?

how many designers does it take to change a light bulb?Does it have to be a light bulb?

Metadesign:John Wood (2008, p. 4) identifies Metadesign as an approach able to “transform the world by reimagining new ways to live”. This profound rethinking of the system is needed because working within the limits of the current system to make it “sustainable” is not enough (Wood, 2009).Metadesign is the collaborative design of the design tools, processes that are able to produce a systemic change

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKMetadesign approach.

Metadesign:John Wood (2008, p. 4) identifies Metadesign as an approach able to “transform the world by reimagining new ways to live”. This profound rethinking of the system is needed because working within the limits of the current system to make it “sustainable” is not enough (Wood, 2009).Metadesign is the collaborative design of the design tools, processes that are able to produce a systemic change

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKMetadesign approach.

“How can visualisation processes contribute to the design of future

scenarios of radically different liveable cities?”

A VISUAL HISTORY OF THE FUTURE (FORESIGHT)Evidence based report on how future cities have been visualised in the past 100 years.

VISUAL HISTORY OF THE FUTUREA TAXONOMY

HOW TO READ THIS DIAGRAM

AuthorTitle CITY CATEGORY

28 “Cities”

FORMAL CHARACTERISTICS

Storytelling ...Static ...

SECTION�e Foresight Project on Visions of Place is divided into seven sections:

Cities of Vision Representation of Cities Context of Cities Technology of Cities Socialities of Cities Digital Cities UK Characteristics

ABOUT THE TAXONOMY

�is taxonomy is part of the Foresight working paper: “A Visual History of the Future”�e report is about how future cities have been visualised during a period that is just over the last one hundred years i.e. from the start of the twentieth century to the early twenty-�rst century. It focuses on the attempts, by a vast range of artists, architects, and visual designers from various �elds, to imagine cities di�erently.

One of the most poignant observations of architectural drawing by Robin Evans (2008) is that draw-ing has a ‘reverse directionality’; meant that the drawing exists before the built thing, it projects into the future. In the city context this rings true, though sometimes the image has a reactive directional-ity, the city is already formed, the image projects di�erent conditions existing now. It carries and projects these embedded thoughts. �e agency of the image sometimes has urgency. �is visual tax-onomy has been established in order to locate the conceptual thoughts of each city image. �e graphic layers movements, timelines and connectivity through the establishment of thirty eight cate-gories of city (27 in this mid-point review). Such a method means that images of future cities can be not only located within a timeline, but in a way that shows connectivity and reoccurrence.

n

Reference Number

Visions of FutureCity Categories

PLAN

HU

MAN

PO

INT O

F VIE

W

ICONIC

CROSS

-SEC

TIO

N

INFR

AST

RC

UC

TU

RE

LAN

DSC

APE

MAP

DIAGRAM

FIGURATIVE

ABSTRACT

2D

STATIC

ILLUSTRATEDSTORYTELLING

3D

TR

AN

SPO

RT

MOTION

INTERACTIVE

CYBER CITY

LAYERED CITY

CROSSING CITY

FLOATING CITY

GARDEN CITY

MECHANICAL CITY

CONTINUOUS CITY

DIVIDED CITY

COLLAGE CITY

MEDIA CITY

MOVING CITY

SPACE CITYTRADING CITY

VERTICAL CITYWASTE CITYCLUSTER CITYHAPTIC CITYSKY CITYSPECTACLE CITY

VICE CITYDESERT CITYDIY CITYHORIZONTAL CITY

SMART CITY

UNDERGROUND CITY

COGNITIVE CITY

CONNECTED CITY

WATER CITY

Jean-Louis Chanéac

Architecture Megalithique45Arthur Quarmby

Corn on the Cob52

Archigram

Plug-in City4Raymond Hood

Proposal for Manhattan14

Francesco Mujica

100-Story City15

Paul Rudolph

Lower Manhattan Expressway18

Geo�rey JellicoeMotopia

2

Bill BarrettPooleyville 85

Helmut JakobyMK in 1990 86

Colin BuchananTra�c in Towns 3

Sydney R. FisherManchester Heliport 43

Cedric PricePotteries �inkbelt 88

R&Sie(n)I’ve Heard About It 79

Newton FallisAutopia Ampere 32

Le CorbusierRadiant City 17

Piero VentureBook of Cities 31

Hugh FerrisUnknown 13

Studio LinforsCloud City 10

Jack Lynn & Ivor SmithPark Hill 47

CloudsAcqualta 76

Mike Evans

Cumbernauld 87

Foster+Partner

Masdar Development 65

A. and P. Smithson

Collage for Golden Lane 83

Hugh Casson

Dome of Discovery 35

Atelier Bow-Wow

Generations of Tokyo Architecture 62

DSRNY

Granite Web 92

NCAP

Skarne Construction system90

Leon Krier

Aerial of Pondbury 89M

atsys

Sietch78

Anthony Lau

Floating City 203077

Plasma Studio&

Groundlab

Flowering City75

Crab Studio

Soak City74

Bild/Dyskors/M

GS/M

aterial �inking

Saturation City73

Nigel Coates

A Guide to Ecstacity

61Yona Friedm

an

Spatial City

54Jakob Tigges

�e B

erg51

Walter Jonas

Intrapolis50

Claire Rickert

Drop C

ity42

Buckminster Fuller

Dom

e Over M

anhattan40

Iannis XenakisC

osmic C

ity34

Lawrence H

alprinFort W

orth City W

alk Map

30

Kathryn Moore

HS2

93

Patrick Abercrombie

Forshaw C

omm

unity Map

82

Simon Elvins

Silent Birm

ingham71

Kevin LynchPerceptual Form

of the Cyty

29

Buckminster Fuller, M

. Gabel

World G

ame Institute

12

OM

AEneropa

11

Donald and Sylvia Reay

Plan for Stevenage Centre

84

MARS G

roup

Photomechanical Print

81

Louis de Soissons

Welw

yn Town Plan

80

Diana Balm

ori

Sejong Masterplan

64

Andrew Mahaddie

Cowcom

mon Canyon

63

Walter Christaller

Central �eory

56

Kenzo Tange

Plan of Tokyo Bay33

Constant Nieuwenhuys

New Babylon7

Ebenezeer Howard

Garden City1

URBED

Uxcester Masterplan

94

Chora

�ames Gateway

91

Archizoom

Non Stop City46

Wenzel Hablik

Structure of a Colony(...)36

Tomas Saraceno

Cloud City9

Markus Novak

Mutable Algorythm Landscape69

Paolo Soleri

Babel IIB

44

Oscar Newman

Nuke Proof M

anhattan25

Rem Koolhaas

Asian City

of Tomorrow

19

Eugene H

enard

�e C

ity of th

e Future

16

N. Schö�

er,C. Pare

nt

Tour Lumièr

e Cybern

étique

66

Hans R

ucker

Co

Palmtre

e Isla

nd57

M. Ginz

burg,

G. Gass

enp�u

g

VI Nem

irovic

h-Danchen

ko59

Mass

imo S

colari

�e P

ilot o

f the

Lab

yrin

th53

David

George

Emmeri

ch

Coupo

les st

éréom

étriq

ues

41

James

Wine

s

High

rise o

f Hou

ses37

Mike

Hin

ge

Para

sec C

ity27

K. G

arlan

d, D

. Je�

eris

Futu

re C

ities

26

Jean-

Paul

Jung

man

n

DYO

DO

N F

lotta

nt6

Han

s Holl

ein

Airc

raft

Carr

ier

5

G. D

omen

ig, E

. Hut

h

Übe

rbau

ung

Ragn

itz60

Zaha

Had

id

One

Nor

th M

aste

rpla

n70

Terr

eform

1U

rban

eer

49Sh

imiz

u Co

rpor

atio

nG

reen

Flo

at38

Albe

rt Sp

eer

Plan

for

Ber

lin8

Ridl

ey S

cott

Bla

de R

unne

r21

Terr

y Gill

iam

Bra

zil

48Al

fons

o C

uaro

nC

hild

ren

of M

en39

Bell

Ged

des

�e

Wor

ld o

f Tom

orro

w22

Hein

z Sh

ulz

Neu

dam

mM

etro

polis

23

Stan

ley K

ubrik

A C

lock

wor

k O

rang

e55

Neil

Blo

mka

mp

Dis

tric

t 958

Will

Wrig

ht

Sim

Cit

y M

etro

polis

67

Mar

cus “

Not

ch” P

ersso

n

Min

ecra

ft68

Geo

mat

ics G

roup

Poin

t Clo

ud D

ata

72

Gor

don

Culle

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, the

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Katsu

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Akir

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20

https://www.pinterest.com/visualfuture/

A VISUAL HISTORY OF THE FUTURE (FORESIGHT)Evidence based report on how future cities have been visualised in the past 100 years.

VISUAL HISTORY OF THE FUTUREA TAXONOMY

HOW TO READ THIS DIAGRAM

AuthorTitle CITY CATEGORY

28 “Cities”

FORMAL CHARACTERISTICS

Storytelling ...Static ...

SECTION�e Foresight Project on Visions of Place is divided into seven sections:

Cities of Vision Representation of Cities Context of Cities Technology of Cities Socialities of Cities Digital Cities UK Characteristics

ABOUT THE TAXONOMY

�is taxonomy is part of the Foresight working paper: “A Visual History of the Future”�e report is about how future cities have been visualised during a period that is just over the last one hundred years i.e. from the start of the twentieth century to the early twenty-�rst century. It focuses on the attempts, by a vast range of artists, architects, and visual designers from various �elds, to imagine cities di�erently.

One of the most poignant observations of architectural drawing by Robin Evans (2008) is that draw-ing has a ‘reverse directionality’; meant that the drawing exists before the built thing, it projects into the future. In the city context this rings true, though sometimes the image has a reactive directional-ity, the city is already formed, the image projects di�erent conditions existing now. It carries and projects these embedded thoughts. �e agency of the image sometimes has urgency. �is visual tax-onomy has been established in order to locate the conceptual thoughts of each city image. �e graphic layers movements, timelines and connectivity through the establishment of thirty eight cate-gories of city (27 in this mid-point review). Such a method means that images of future cities can be not only located within a timeline, but in a way that shows connectivity and reoccurrence.

n

Reference Number

Visions of FutureCity Categories

PLAN

HU

MAN

PO

INT O

F VIE

W

ICONIC

CROSS

-SEC

TIO

N

INFR

AST

RC

UC

TU

RE

LAN

DSC

APE

MAP

DIAGRAM

FIGURATIVE

ABSTRACT

2D

STATIC

ILLUSTRATEDSTORYTELLING

3D

TR

AN

SPO

RT

MOTION

INTERACTIVE

CYBER CITY

LAYERED CITY

CROSSING CITY

FLOATING CITY

GARDEN CITY

MECHANICAL CITY

CONTINUOUS CITY

DIVIDED CITY

COLLAGE CITY

MEDIA CITY

MOVING CITY

SPACE CITYTRADING CITY

VERTICAL CITYWASTE CITYCLUSTER CITYHAPTIC CITYSKY CITYSPECTACLE CITY

VICE CITYDESERT CITYDIY CITYHORIZONTAL CITY

SMART CITY

UNDERGROUND CITY

COGNITIVE CITY

CONNECTED CITY

WATER CITY

Jean-Louis Chanéac

Architecture Megalithique45Arthur Quarmby

Corn on the Cob52

Archigram

Plug-in City4Raymond Hood

Proposal for Manhattan14

Francesco Mujica

100-Story City15

Paul Rudolph

Lower Manhattan Expressway18

Geo�rey JellicoeMotopia

2

Bill BarrettPooleyville 85

Helmut JakobyMK in 1990 86

Colin BuchananTra�c in Towns 3

Sydney R. FisherManchester Heliport 43

Cedric PricePotteries �inkbelt 88

R&Sie(n)I’ve Heard About It 79

Newton FallisAutopia Ampere 32

Le CorbusierRadiant City 17

Piero VentureBook of Cities 31

Hugh FerrisUnknown 13

Studio LinforsCloud City 10

Jack Lynn & Ivor SmithPark Hill 47

CloudsAcqualta 76

Mike Evans

Cumbernauld 87

Foster+Partner

Masdar Development 65

A. and P. Smithson

Collage for Golden Lane 83

Hugh Casson

Dome of Discovery 35

Atelier Bow-Wow

Generations of Tokyo Architecture 62

DSRNY

Granite Web 92

NCAP

Skarne Construction system90

Leon Krier

Aerial of Pondbury 89M

atsys

Sietch78

Anthony Lau

Floating City 203077

Plasma Studio&

Groundlab

Flowering City75

Crab Studio

Soak City74

Bild/Dyskors/M

GS/M

aterial �inking

Saturation City73

Nigel Coates

A Guide to Ecstacity

61Yona Friedm

an

Spatial City

54Jakob Tigges

�e B

erg51

Walter Jonas

Intrapolis50

Claire Rickert

Drop C

ity42

Buckminster Fuller

Dom

e Over M

anhattan40

Iannis XenakisC

osmic C

ity34

Lawrence H

alprinFort W

orth City W

alk Map

30

Kathryn Moore

HS2

93

Patrick Abercrombie

Forshaw C

omm

unity Map

82

Simon Elvins

Silent Birm

ingham71

Kevin LynchPerceptual Form

of the Cyty

29

Buckminster Fuller, M

. Gabel

World G

ame Institute

12

OM

AEneropa

11

Donald and Sylvia Reay

Plan for Stevenage Centre

84

MARS G

roup

Photomechanical Print

81

Louis de Soissons

Welw

yn Town Plan

80

Diana Balm

ori

Sejong Masterplan

64

Andrew Mahaddie

Cowcom

mon Canyon

63

Walter Christaller

Central �eory

56

Kenzo Tange

Plan of Tokyo Bay33

Constant Nieuwenhuys

New Babylon7

Ebenezeer Howard

Garden City1

URBED

Uxcester Masterplan

94

Chora

�ames Gateway

91

Archizoom

Non Stop City46

Wenzel Hablik

Structure of a Colony(...)36

Tomas Saraceno

Cloud City9

Markus Novak

Mutable Algorythm Landscape69

Paolo Soleri

Babel IIB

44

Oscar Newman

Nuke Proof M

anhattan25

Rem Koolhaas

Asian City

of Tomorrow

19

Eugene H

enard

�e C

ity of th

e Future

16

N. Schö�

er,C. Pare

nt

Tour Lumièr

e Cybern

étique

66

Hans R

ucker

Co

Palmtre

e Isla

nd57

M. Ginz

burg,

G. Gass

enp�u

g

VI Nem

irovic

h-Danchen

ko59

Mass

imo S

colari

�e P

ilot o

f the

Lab

yrin

th53

David

George

Emmeri

ch

Coupo

les st

éréom

étriq

ues

41

James

Wine

s

High

rise o

f Hou

ses37

Mike

Hin

ge

Para

sec C

ity27

K. G

arlan

d, D

. Je�

eris

Futu

re C

ities

26

Jean-

Paul

Jung

man

n

DYO

DO

N F

lotta

nt6

Han

s Holl

ein

Airc

raft

Carr

ier

5

G. D

omen

ig, E

. Hut

h

Übe

rbau

ung

Ragn

itz60

Zaha

Had

id

One

Nor

th M

aste

rpla

n70

Terr

eform

1U

rban

eer

49Sh

imiz

u Co

rpor

atio

nG

reen

Flo

at38

Albe

rt Sp

eer

Plan

for

Ber

lin8

Ridl

ey S

cott

Bla

de R

unne

r21

Terr

y Gill

iam

Bra

zil

48Al

fons

o C

uaro

nC

hild

ren

of M

en39

Bell

Ged

des

�e

Wor

ld o

f Tom

orro

w22

Hein

z Sh

ulz

Neu

dam

mM

etro

polis

23

Stan

ley K

ubrik

A C

lock

wor

k O

rang

e55

Neil

Blo

mka

mp

Dis

tric

t 958

Will

Wrig

ht

Sim

Cit

y M

etro

polis

67

Mar

cus “

Not

ch” P

ersso

n

Min

ecra

ft68

Geo

mat

ics G

roup

Poin

t Clo

ud D

ata

72

Gor

don

Culle

n

Bri

tain

, the

Cru

st is

Cra

ckin

g28

Katsu

hiro

Oto

mo

Akir

a24

Push

wage

r

Soft

Ciry

20

* who makes the visualisation --> process and actors* what is the purpose -> agency of the image* subject of the visualisation

The key role of diagrams as negotiation and decision-making tools is to enable common and shared understanding in multi-actors context (Ciuccarelli, Ricci and Valsecchi, 2008). Diagrams have always been integral part of different disciplines, from architecture and engineering to mathematics and natural sciences. In design research, diagrams are “operating devices able to reveal weak links among the elements of the system and to show the driving forces that can facilitate (or hinder) a design intervention” (Scagnetti et al., 2007)

DIAGRAMS FOR DESIGNAs a method for representing the complexity of urban life

DIAGRAMS FOR DESIGNUsing information visualisation processes throughout the design process

SCENARIOS

Policy-Orienting Scenarios

Future Studies

S1

S2

S3

P1

P2

P3

Strategic Planning

S1

S2

S3

P1

PP2

P3

Design-Orienting Scenarios

Design

S1

S2

S3

P

Decision Making in the scenario(s)

Design of the scenario(s)

keyS

P P

scenario

project / potential project

SCENARIOSPOS and DOS

Design Experiment:Future visioning workshops series

LIVEABLE CITIES

August 2013 Activity of mapping relationships between research topics

DIAGRAMS FOR DESIGNUsing information visualisation processes throughout the design process

- Macro scale- Collaborative (sync and

non sync)

FUTURE VISIONING WORKSHOPA multidisciplinary design orienting conversation on radically different future


1 Set the contextWhat are the most relevant things that happened in the last 50 years in your sector?

Integrated planning

Decline of the car Popularity of bikes

Design with people in mind

Re-birth of the railway

Energy issues

Movement of goods

Lenght of travel

“what changed in the sector is the belief that car is the answer.”

“the amount of long distance journey has doubled over the past 15 years in the UK, that means that we need to think about transport in a different way: people will need to travel further and more frequently”

“the assumption that the railway industry was in ter-minal decline”

“the role of stations has changed: from big, celebrated places where people would meet, to something that, as cities get denser, people don’t pay attention to. Now people are back thinking more about the stations, which are being upgrad-ed and made more open. Stations now are thought of more from the people point of view, and are becoming something more than places where you go to get somewhere else.”

“not just in London, but in a lot of the major towns, what has changed is how people are moving using the bicycle and the decline of the car. Other than fashion and accessories for the middle age men who like to buy stuff, it is also about taking the street back, and making car drivers think twice about driving at speed (because there are more bikes).”

“internal combustion engine is really not the future. The view now is that there must be alternative ways to produce energy for vehicles, which is something that 10, 15 years ago people wouldn’t really consider”

“the change is that I heard this morning an engineer saying ‘cities are about people’”

“the containerization of freight, that has made the world as a whole in the way things move around”

“if we imagine a chicken and egg scenario of planning, which comes first: transport or land-use? In this country, as in many other countries in the world, we plan for the land use, and then we retrospectively fit the transport system around it. I think that this is the wrong way to do it, and historically strong networks were what gave shape to the society that we want.”

“the idea of a green infra-structure. We can use the landscape to link different elements together, for ex-ample through cycle ways, transport corridors, water, energy, climate control. This holistic use of landscape makes it much more plea-surable to move around. Landscape design can be-come one of the key disci-pline to improve the way we live in cities”

“we started to make more efficient the use of roads that are already in place. We started to implement a multimodal approach, in which we look at all the steps of getting from A to B in an integrated way, to max-imize journey time and economic impact”



2 get negativity out of the wayWhat are the worst possible things that could happen in the last 50 years?




3 explore possible worldsThinking cards + silly ideas

Thinking cards- technology- society- politics/economics- environment




3 explore possible worldsThinking cards + silly ideas

4 design the future city of your sectorDesign your city. How will people live, what the city will look like, what are the paradigms of production and consumption

FUTURE VISIONING WORKSHOPSome (very) preliminary results

Retail SectorEnvironment and natural scientists

Archaelogists, and culture and heritage sector

Transport and utilities

FUTURE VISIONING WORKSHOPReports and other outcomes

liveablecities.org.uk/challenges/future-visions

VISUALISEFocus on activity 3 and 4

(Work in progress)

VISUALISEActivity 3Mapping emerging is-sues, relevance and rela-tions

Transport and Utilities sector


Archaeologists and historians



Transport and utilities sector



“Slowness”

Transport and utilities sector

“Slowness”

VISUALISENext steps

retail

environm.

heritage

transport

X

X

X

X

X

X X

liveable citiesframework

Feedback, dissemination, further discussions

1.WORKSHOPS

2.VISIONS OF FUTURE(mapped conversations)

3.THEMES+ synergies and controversies

*Mapping of activity 2 to be completedMapping of activity 3 to be designedComparative mapping, overlaying

*

FUTURE VISIONING WORKSHOPConclusions

Preliminary findings

Limitations

- Interesting when compared- Design of the activities and material is crucial (more than facilitation) - Fine balance creativity/structure- Leave room to disagree - Conversations are more important for the analysis than artefacts produced in the workshops.

- Participant’s profile- Time available- We have no detailled information on how the results will be used (even thou we know it will be included in Liveable Cities outcome)

SOME NOTES ON MY RESEARCHPutting the experiment in context

why why

why

what type? what type?

what types?

diagrams

methods, processes, and tools

design orienting scenarios

visualisations future scenarios

LITERATURE REVIEW

RESEARCH QUESTION

DESIGN EXPERIMENTS

CONTEXT

cities&liveability interdisciplinarity complexity

future visioning workshops visualisations

THANK YOUGrazieTakk

Serena PollastriImagination at Lancaster University

[email protected]

Rsd3 presentation web

Documents

Transcript of Rsd3 presentation web