R&S TS6 TRM Test Lirbrary User Manual · R&S®TS6 Preface User Manual 1179.1087.02 ─ 01 7 1...

R&S®TS6TRM Test LibraryUser Manual

User

Man

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Versi

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1179108702(;Ý:å2)

This manual describes the R&S®TS6 TRM Test Library software tool, software version 2.1.0 or higher, andits options:

R&S®TS6: USB smart card (license dongle) with R&S®TS6 software, USB 2.0 smart card reader(stick)1519.0407.02

R&S®TS6-K20: TRM test library test case S-parameter1519.0459.02

R&S®TS6-K22: TRM test library test case packet 11519.0465.02

R&S®TS6-K25: TRM test library test case packet 21519.0471.02

R&S®TS6-PK20: TRM test library test case bundle including R&S®TS6-K20/-K22/-K251519.0488.02

R&S®TS-TRM-ES: TRM evaluation set with USB control, required test equipment:– R&S®ZVA vector network analyzer

– PC with R&S®TS6 TRM test library

– Optional: R&S®ZVAX-TRM (required for pulsed tests and intermodulation)

– Optional: R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer

1525.0728.02

TRM evaluation set with TTL control 1), required test equipment:– R&S®ZVA or R&S®ZNA vector network analyzer

– Additional RF equipment for R&S®ZVA:R&S®ZVAX-TRM or R&S®OSP-TRM

– Optional: R&S®CompactTSVP with R&S®TS-PIO4 and R&S®TS6 TRM test library

– Optional: R&S®FSW signal and spectrum analyzer

1525.0728.03

1) Direct control of the TRM evaluation set via serial 4-line LVTTL bypassing the TRM internal microcon-troller. Digital control by the R&S®CompactTSVP in combination with the R&S®TS-PIO4 allows muchfaster setting of the module state than USB control.

© 2020 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KGMühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, GermanyPhone: +49 89 41 29 - 0Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164Email: [email protected]: www.rohde-schwarz.comSubject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.Trade names are trademarks of the owners.

1179.1087.02 | Version 01 | R&S®TS6

The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S® is abbreviated as R&S. For example, R&S®TS6 TRM TestLibrary is abbreviated as R&S TS6 TRM Test Library.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.rohde-schwarz.com

ContentsR&S®TS6

3User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

Contents1 Preface.................................................................................................... 7

1.1 Documentation Overview............................................................................................. 7

1.1.1 User Manual....................................................................................................................7

1.1.2 Data Sheet and Product Brochure.................................................................................. 7

1.1.3 Release Notes and Open-Source Acknowledgment (OSA)............................................7

1.2 Key Features..................................................................................................................8

2 Installation.............................................................................................. 92.1 Computer Requirements.............................................................................................. 9

2.2 Installing R&S TS6 TRM Test Library.......................................................................... 9

2.3 Licenses.......................................................................................................................10

2.4 Activating License Keys.............................................................................................12

2.5 Updating R&S TS6 TRM Test Library........................................................................ 12

2.6 Removing R&S TS6 TRM Test Library.......................................................................13

3 Introduction.......................................................................................... 143.1 TRM Test Concept.......................................................................................................14

3.1.1 Information Flow............................................................................................................14

3.1.2 Selection Window..........................................................................................................15

3.1.3 Sequence Plan..............................................................................................................16

3.1.4 Report........................................................................................................................... 17

3.2 Calibration................................................................................................................... 18

3.2.1 VNA Source Power Calibration..................................................................................... 18

3.2.2 VNA Receiver Power Calibration.................................................................................. 19

3.2.3 VNA System Error Correction....................................................................................... 20

3.2.4 VNA Noise Figure Calibration....................................................................................... 21

3.2.5 Spectrum Analyzer Calibration......................................................................................22

3.2.6 Calibration Configuration in Test Modules.....................................................................22

3.3 TRM Basics and Control.............................................................................................25

3.3.1 TRM Basics...................................................................................................................25

3.3.2 TRM Control and Trigger Interface................................................................................27

4 Test Setups........................................................................................... 29

ContentsR&S®TS6

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4.1 VNA and PC................................................................................................................. 29

4.2 R&S ZVA, R&S ZVAX-TRM and PC............................................................................ 29

4.3 Basic Test System R&S TS6710.................................................................................30

4.4 Advanced Test System R&S TS6710.........................................................................31

5 TRM Test Library.................................................................................. 335.1 R&S TS6 Basic Tests.................................................................................................. 34

5.1.1 RsDemoTrmPanel.........................................................................................................34

5.1.2 TrmCalibration...............................................................................................................35

5.1.3 TrmChangePulseSettings............................................................................................. 36

5.1.4 TrmCharacterizeCalUnit................................................................................................36

5.1.5 TrmCheckPowerSupply.................................................................................................37

5.1.6 DutSelection..................................................................................................................37

5.1.7 TrmReadBarCode......................................................................................................... 39

5.2 R&S TS6-K20 S Parameter Tests............................................................................... 40

5.2.1 TrmSParameters........................................................................................................... 40

5.3 R&S TS6-K22 Test Case Packet 1 Tests....................................................................45

5.3.1 TrmCompressionPoint...................................................................................................45

5.3.2 TrmNoiseFigure.............................................................................................................49

5.3.3 TrmSpurious..................................................................................................................53

5.3.4 TrmPulseProfile.............................................................................................................55

5.3.5 TrmTwoDimCompressionPoint......................................................................................59

5.4 R&S TS6-K25 Test Case Packet 2 Tests....................................................................63

5.4.1 TrmHarmonics...............................................................................................................63

5.4.2 TrmIntermodulation....................................................................................................... 67

5.4.3 TrmRxOutOfBandRejection...........................................................................................69

5.4.4 TrmPowerAddedEfficiency............................................................................................ 72

6 Resources.............................................................................................756.1 ApplicationUnit............................................................................................................75

6.2 LimitManager...............................................................................................................76

6.3 PowerSupplyManager.................................................................................................77

6.4 TrmReporting...............................................................................................................78

6.5 TrmTestSystem............................................................................................................79

ContentsR&S®TS6

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7 Contacting Customer Support............................................................82

Glossary: Abbreviations and Definitions...........................................83

Glossary: References.......................................................................... 84

Index......................................................................................................85

ContentsR&S®TS6

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PrefaceR&S®TS6

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1 Preface

1.1 Documentation Overview

This section provides an overview of the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library user documenta-tion.

The R&S TS6 TRM Test Library user manual, release notes and open-source acknowl-edgement documents are delivered with the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library installationfile.

To find out the storage location of the documents after installation on the desktop PC,see the following sections.

1.1.1 User Manual

The R&S TS6 TRM Test Library user manual describes the R&S TS6 software options,including the graphical user interface of each option.

After installation of the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software, the document is saved inPDF format in the directory:

C:\Program Files (x86)\Rohde-Schwarz\TSrun\x.y.z\TrmTestLibraryx.y.z is the software version number, for example, 1.6.0.

1.1.2 Data Sheet and Product Brochure

The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library.It also lists the options and their order numbers and optional accessories.

The product brochure provides an overview of the software and the most important usecases, including the options relevant per use case.

The document is available in PDF format on the R&S TS6 product page at:

www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/ts6

1.1.3 Release Notes and Open-Source Acknowledgment (OSA)

The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues per software ver-sion.

The open-source acknowledgment provides license texts of the used open-source soft-ware.

After installation of the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software, the documents are savedin PDF format in the directory:

Documentation Overview

https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/ts6

PrefaceR&S®TS6

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C:\Program Files (x86)\Rohde-Schwarz\TSrun\x.y.z\TrmTestLibrary.

1.2 Key Features

This section provides an overview over key features specific of the R&S TS6 TRM TestLibrary software.

For general features of test automation, see the R&S TSrun user manual.

Key features

All typical tests for a TRM covered by standard software DUT-specific test case adaptation by parameterization Open C# DUT control interface Automatic, operator-optimized calibration process reduces test time Modular and scalable: support for Rohde & Schwarz equipment typical for TRM

tests, from a single vector network analyzer to a fully loaded TRM test solution Suitable for development and production High throughput thanks to optimized test cases

Key Features

InstallationR&S®TS6

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2 InstallationThe R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software consists of the R&S TSrun sequencer soft-ware and a basic set of applications and examples.

In addition, test applications specific to the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library are available asR&S TS6 software options. To use these software options, you need to purchaselicense keys from Rohde & Schwarz.

You can install the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software and the test applications in thesame procedure. Both installation files for the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software andthe R&S TSrun sequencer software are delivered.

2.1 Computer Requirements

Install R&S TS6 TRM Test Library on a Microsoft Windows computer. The R&S TS6TRM Test Library sequencer software requires at least the following computer hard-ware and software: Processor: dual-core, 2 GHz Memory: 4 Gbyte minimum HDD space: 500 Mbyte minimum Operating system: Windows 10

Version: 64 bit Software: Microsoft .Net Framework 4.6.2 or higher

You need administration rights on the computer to install the software.

2.2 Installing R&S TS6 TRM Test Library

The R&S TSrun software and R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software installer files areavailable on a USB stick, that is delivered with the product.

Prerequisites

Required equipment: Microsoft Windows computer, see Chapter 2.1, "Computer Requirements",

on page 9 Installed R&S TSrun software as specified in the installer name R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software installer file

Installer

There is a single installer for the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software, including itssoftware options. The installer name isTrmTestLibraryInstallerVu.v.w for TSrun x.y.z.exe.

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u.v.w is the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software version number, for example, 2.1.0.

x.y.z is the R&S TSrun software version number, for example, 1.6.0.

Installing R&S TS6 TRM Test Library

1. Start the installation program by opening the installer.

2. Follow the instructions of the installer.The instructions are self-explanatory.

Verifying the installation

Verification requires previous installation of the R&S TSrun software and the R&S TS6TRM Test Library software.

1. Open R&S TSrun.

2. Check the "Tests" tab in the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library "File Browsers".

The "TrmTestLibrary" folder is located above the "TrmTestLibrary" folder.

The "TrmTestLibrary" folder contains all tests specific to the R&S TS6 software options.All tests require software licenses provided with the smart card on the USB storagedevice. See "Checking missing licenses" on page 10.

Firewall

If a firewall is active on the computer, the first start of R&S TS6 TRM Test Library alertsthe firewall. Configure the firewall to allow R&S TS6 TRM Test Library access to thenetwork. Otherwise, remote access to the instrument does not work.

2.3 Licenses

Some tests and test plans delivered with the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library can be usedwithout a software license. Other tests and test plans require a software license.

Checking missing licenses

1. Open R&S TSrun.

2. Navigate to the "Test Plans" tab in the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library "File Browsers".

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If a license is missing, the corresponding entries are dimmed on the "Test Plans"tab.

3. In the "Tests" tab in the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library "File Browsers", press the "DLLView" button.

If a license is missing, the corresponding entries are dimmed on the "Tests" tab.

Example: Missing license for R&S TS6-K22 and R&S TS6-K25The following figure shows installed tests with activated and deactivated licenses. Foroptions R&S TS6 and R&S TS6-K20, the license is activated but for options R&S TS6-K22 and R&S TS6-K25 the license is deactivated.

Figure 2-1: Dimmed entries for missing licenses of options R&S TS6-K22 and R&S TS6-K25

Which licenses are available, is checked by the R&S TSrun software on startup. Thelicense keys are stored on a smart card for computer-based applications.

Advantages of smart card-based licensing: Mobility: The smart card is plugged into any computer with smart card reader or

USB port. Reliability: The license check is independent from a LAN or a GPIB connection to

an instrument. Clarity: The licenses are stored locally on the computer. No other tester can lock a

license via network or GPIB.

Licenses


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Ordering license keys

If you purchase R&S TS6 software options, the license keys for the options are activa-ted on the smart card delivered with the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software. Thesmart card is attached to a license storage device, that is a dongle.

If you already have a dongle, you need the serial number of the R&S TS6 smartcard for the ordering process.The serial number is listed under "R&S TSrun" > "Options" > "License Keys" >"Smart Card".

If you order the licenses together with a new license storage device, no serial num-ber is required. You get the storage device ready for use, with all license keys acti-vated.

For activation of received license keys, see Chapter 2.4, "Activating License Keys",on page 12.

2.4 Activating License Keys

The R&S License Server Manager activates license keys automatically duringR&S TS6 TRM Test Library software startup.

2.5 Updating R&S TS6 TRM Test Library

Installing new versions of the software require deinstalling old version, no upgrademechanism is provided. You can use one version only on the same computer.

If, e.g. the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software requires a R&S TSrun version differentfrom the installed version, you are prompted to install the required R&S TSrun version.

Configuration settings are stored for: Global resource settings "Test Plans" and "Tests" folders Resource directory Commands directory Debug mode (single step)

The R&S TS6 TRM Test Library files created during the tests (test plan, measurementreport) are assigned to the last installed R&S TS6 TRM Test Library version.

R&S TS6 TRM Test Library settings files

The settings *.xml files are stored to the directoryC:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\TSrun\TrmTestLibrary for each resource inthe following subdirectories: ...\ApplicationUnit ...\CalibrationRequirements

Updating R&S TS6 TRM Test Library


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...\LimitManager ...\TrmDutControlPlugins ...\TrmReportingPluginConfigs ...\TrmTestSystemSee also Chapter 6, "Resources", on page 75.

2.6 Removing R&S TS6 TRM Test Library

You uninstall R&S TS6 TRM Test Library in the same way as most other software prod-ucts. Example Windows 7: On the "Start" menu, select "Control Panel". Click "Uninstall a program". Double-click "R&S TS6 TRM Test Library Version x.y.z".

Depending on your Windows configuration, the procedure can vary.

Removing R&S TS6 TRM Test Library

IntroductionR&S®TS6

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3 IntroductionThis chapter provides an overview over basic concepts used by the R&S TS6 TRMTest Library for TRM testing.

TRM Test Concept.................................................................................................. 14 Calibration...............................................................................................................18 TRM Basics and Control......................................................................................... 25

3.1 TRM Test Concept

TRM testing typically requires several calibration tests before and after executing TRM-related tests. Every test needs its own calibration procedure. R&S TS6 TRM TestLibrary offers an automatic calibration process.

You can run the calibration process just like a normal test from TSrun. Automatic cali-bration arranges and executes the different calibration steps in an optimized way toreduce operator interactions. This method saves time during calibration, avoids faultsand saves connection cycles of the cables and calibration equipment connectors.

For information on the different calibration methods offered in the R&S TS6 TRM TestLibrary, see Chapter 3.2, "Calibration", on page 18.

The following chapters describe the basic concepts of TRM testing.

Information Flow......................................................................................................14 Selection Window....................................................................................................15 Sequence Plan........................................................................................................16 Report..................................................................................................................... 17

3.1.1 Information Flow

The calibration process is implemented as calibration test. The calibration test exe-cutes the necessary calibrations for the different tests and gives feedback about theirstatus. Basic principle of the calibration process:

Every measurement test has a global input parameter "Run Tests in Calibration Mode".If the global parameter is checked during the testplan run, no measurement is execu-ted. However, every test stores its calibration requirements and the specific setup forthe calibration test.

The calibration test reads, sorts and executes all selected calibration requirements. Inthis way, all calibrations can be executed with the appropriate settings. The picturebelow illustrates this principle.

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Calibration data is stored on the measurement instruments, which allows to perform amanual measurement with the correct calibration. The names of these calibration filesare derived by the different setup names, which can be set in the test case inputparameters. If you execute one test twice with different settings, use two different setupnames in the input parameters. As a result you get two different calibrations matchingwith the set input parameters.

3.1.2 Selection Window

The "TrmCalibration" test can execute the calibration for all tests that have generatedtheir requirement. However, often the customer does not want to execute the calibra-tion for each test. For that purpose, there is a selection window after executing the cali-bration test.

TRM Test Concept


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The window shows a list with all requirements stored by the tests. Only selectedrequirements are considered in the following calibration procedure. If a requirement isold or not needed anymore, it can be deleted from the user.

3.1.3 Sequence Plan

Great advantage of the automatic calibration is the implemented algorithm for a smartsequence.

Doing the calibrations manually is very time consuming and can lead to mistakes dur-ing calibration easily. Using the algorithm of the calibration test, calibrations with equalport configuration and equal calibration requirements can be executed one afteranother – without reconnecting cables or calibration equipment.

This principle speeds up the calibration procedure a lot. After every successful calibra-tion, the corresponding file is saved on the instruments system drive. When anothercalibration step is performed for the same test, the calibration file on the instrument isloaded again.

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Source Power Calibration

Receiver Power Calibration

Through Calibration

50 Ω – Match

2nd/3rd Source Power Calibration

System Error Correction

The sequence plan is shown by the picture above. The first step is to execute thesource power calibration for all tests. As second step the receiver power calibration isdone and so on.

Some extra explanation to “2nd / 3rd source power calibration”: In some tests, genera-tor and receiver have to be calibrated at different frequencies (e.g. harmonics). To cali-brate the receiver at some certain frequency, the generator must be calibrated at thisfrequency also. Therefore, at first the generator gets calibrated at the receiver fre-quency (SPC). Then, the receiver can be calibrated at its frequency (RPC) and as laststep the generator can be calibrated at its own frequency (2nd/3rd SPC).

1) If a calibration fails, all subsequent steps are omitted. The software deletes calibra-tion information to avoid measurements with an incomplete calibration file.2) Some calibrations can take a longer time. For that reason, the display of the VNA is"On", to display the progress of the calibration test.

3.1.4 Report

The report of the calibration test shows information about the current calibration execu-ted to give additional feedback about the progress. Moreover, at the end of the calibra-tion procedure, the state of each calibration of every test is shown. In that way, you cancheck if any calibration did fail. As the picture below shows, the different calibrationsare sorted by the test they are made for:

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3.2 Calibration

The R&S TS6 TRM Test Library provides a calibration test module to calibrate the testsystem automatically, e.g. R&S TS6710. See also Chapter 5.1.2, "TrmCalibration",on page 35.

This section focuses on the methods and the concepts of calibration used in theR&S TS6 TRM Test Library. The different methods of calibration used in the test sys-tem are explained in the following subsections.

Methods

VNA Source Power Calibration...............................................................................18 VNA Receiver Power Calibration............................................................................ 19 VNA System Error Correction................................................................................. 20 VNA Noise Figure Calibration................................................................................. 21 Spectrum Analyzer Calibration................................................................................22 Calibration Configuration in Test Modules...............................................................22

3.2.1 VNA Source Power Calibration

Application

Use this calibration method to calibrate the power of the signal source, that is thepower of the vector network analyzer.

The signal path from the vector network analyzer (VNA) to the DUT input has anunknown attenuation. To make sure that the needed power reaches the DUT inputdespite the attenuation of the path, a source power calibration (SPC) has to be execu-ted.

Principle

As the picture below illustrates, instead of the DUT the power meter gets connected tothe end of the cables from OSP-TRM.

Calibration


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When executing the SPC, the VNA sets its output power to the set value. Due to pathattenuation, the received power value at the power meter input is smaller than theactual value set at the VNA.

In the next step, the VNA rises its output power for the difference between nominal andactual value. The received power at the power meter input gradually converges thenominal value. The procedure is repeated until the difference between nominal andactual value is below a predefined limit. If this limit cannot be reached within a givennumber of iteration loops, the SPC is aborted and the "Verdict" is set to "Failed".

3.2.2 VNA Receiver Power Calibration

Application

Use this method to calibrate the DUT's power.

The receiver power calibration (RPC) only makes sense with a previous executedsource power calibration. When applying SPC, the actual power value at the referenceplane matches the nominal value. Now the end of the cable to the DUT input and theend of the cable to the DUT output is connected with a 'Through'. Recognizing the lossof power at the VNA input, the VNA can calculate the path attenuation from the refer-ence plane to the VNA.

Calibration


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3.2.3 VNA System Error Correction

Application

When doing a system error correction (SEC), the VNA calculates an error model. Themodel calculation is normally done by known standards as "Open", "Short", '"Match"and 'Through'. Regarding the test system TS 6710 a calibration unit is used instead tosave time and effort. With the calculated error model, the VNA is able to remove effectsof systematic errors from following measurements. Using SEC makes accurate mea-surement results possible. Different kinds of SEC are, e.g., one port and two port cali-bration.

Calibration


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3.2.4 VNA Noise Figure Calibration

Application

Noise calibration is especially useful for the noise figure test. The noise calibrationeliminates influences of the test system regarding noise.

Receiver noise calibration: A 50 Ohm match is connected to the end of the cableof the receiver. This calibration determines the noise of the receiver path.

Generator noise calibration: A Trough connects the end of the cable to the DUTinput and the end of the cable to the DUT output. In this way, the noise generatedby the VNA source can be determined.

Attenuator calibration: Equal to generator noise calibration. Used when there aredifferent attenuator setups regarding calibration and measurement.

Calibration


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Since you can execute the steps in arbitrary order, the configuration of the sequenceplan is flexible.

3.2.5 Spectrum Analyzer Calibration

Application

When a spectrum analyzer is part of the test system, the signal path to this componenthas to be calibrated also. When executing a spectrum analyzer calibration, the networkanalyzer has to co-operate with the spectrum analyzer.

Principle

The principle is similar to RPC: First apply an SPC on the VNA. The end of the cable tothe DUT input and the end of the cable to the DUT output is connected with a'Through'. Now the incoming power at the spectrum analyzer input is measured. Thedifference between nominal and actual value is stored in a so-called transducer file onthe spectrum analyzer. This transducer file is loaded when executing the actual testand the measured values can be corrected.

The calibration can be performed for one single frequency or for all steps in a fre-quency sweep.

3.2.6 Calibration Configuration in Test Modules

Several test modules of the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library contain a general calibrationconfiguration contained in the test property dialog box.

You can open the property dialog box from the "Testplan Details" subtab. Double-clickthe node, for example . Or select the node and click "Properties ...".

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The table below provides a description of the parameters and parameter availability foreach calibration method. In the table, the methods are source power calibration (SPC),receiver power calibration (RPC) and system error calibration (SEC).

Section Parameter SPC RPC SEC Description

"Global Parame-ters"

"Name Of Test" Yes Yes Yes Name of the test

"Load Setup File" Yes Yes Yes Enable/disable loading of a setup file, that is a "Save/Recall" file saved on the system drive of the measure-ment instrument.

"Setup File" Yes Yes Yes Displays the setup filename as configured at the top ofthe calibration settings.

Calibration


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"SignalCondition-ing and Switch-Matrix"

"RF Path" Yes Yes Yes Defines the rf path of the calibration system.

"Source Port at SytsemInterface"

Yes Yes Yes Sets the port of the source of the calibration system.

"Receiver Port at Syt-sem Interface"

Yes Yes Yes Sets the port of the receiver of the calibration system.

"Connection Hint" Yes Yes Yes Write a note here for connection details.

"Connection Instruction" Yes Yes Yes Write an instruction to establish the connections in thecalibration system.

"VNA Settings" "VNA Channel" Yes Yes Yes Sets the channel, i.e. the measurement instruction.

"Sweep Type" Yes Yes Yes Defines the sweep type.

"Start Frequency" Yes Yes Yes Sets the start frequency.

"Stop Frequency" Yes Yes Yes Sets the stop frequency.

"Number of Points" Yes Yes Yes Sets the number of measurement points.

"Source Power" Yes Yes Yes Sets the source power.

"Source Attenuators" Yes Yes Yes Sets the source attenuators.

"Receiver Attenuators" Yes Yes Yes Sets the receiver attenuators.

"Source Port at VNA" Yes Yes Yes Sets the source port at the VNA.

"Receiver Port at VNA" Yes Yes Yes Sets the receiver port at the VNA.

"Source CalibrationFile"

Yes Yes Yes Displays the name of the source calibration file.

"Target Calibration File" Yes Yes Yes Displays the name of the target calibration file.

"Measuremnt Band-width"

Yes Yes Yes Sets the bandwidth of the measurement.

"Detector" No No Yes Sets the detector type used for system error correction.

"Average Factor" No No Yes Sets the averaging factor for evaluation of the calibra-tion measurement.

"VNA CalibrationParameters"

"Reference ReceiverCalibration"

Yes Yes Yes Triggers the calibration of a reference receiver. Specifythe "Reference Receiver Calibration" first.

"Reference ReceiverCalibration Power"

Yes No No Specify the "Reference Receiver Calibration Power".

"Maximum Number ofReadings"

Yes No No Sets the maximum number of sweeps during calibra-tion.

"Number of PowerMeter Readings"

Yes No No Sets the number of power meter sweeps before the ref-erence receiver is used.

"Convergence Factor" Yes No No Sets the convergence factor if there is hysteresiseffects during the power measurement.

"Tolerance" Yes No No Sets the power tolerance value as the termination con-dition of the calibration process.

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"Reference ReceiverAfter"

Yes No No If "True", sets the reference receiver as an additionalcalibration source after the power meter calibration.

"Switch Off All OtherSource"

Yes No No If "True", switches off / ignores unused calibration sour-ces.

"Verification Sweep" Yes No No If "True", triggers a verification sweep after successfulcalibration.

"Attenuation in SignalPath"

Yes No No Sets an additional attenuation. Use this parameter tospeed up the first calibration measurement.

"Wave Quantity To Cali-brate"

No Yes No Specifies to which power calibration process the wavequantity applies.

"Reference PowerValue"

No Yes No Specifies whether the power value is set to the refer-ence receiver power or the nominal power.

"Calibration Equipment" No No Yes Sets the equipment used for calibration.

"Calibration Type" No No Yes Sets the calibration type depending on the calibrationequipment.

"CalUnit Characteriza-tion"

No No Yes Specifies the name of the calibration unit characteriza-tion.

3.3 TRM Basics and Control

State-of-the-art radars, e.g. an AESA radar, contain several thousand TRMs. EachTRM must be tested separately during the development and production stage. To han-dle the large number of different measurements and result values, these tests require ahigh degree of automation.

3.3.1 TRM Basics

A TRM, or transmit-receive module, contains the main elements of the radar frontend:a controllable attenuator and phase shifter for orienting and focusing the radar beam, apower amplifier for transmission and a low-noise amplifier for reception.

It also includes additional components, e.g., for switching between transmission andreception, for controlling and for limiting (Figure 3-1). The radar antenna consists ofthousands of TRMs and the associated antenna elements.

Tx

1 2 3 4

Phase gain switch control Rx

Figure 3-1: TRM block diagram

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1 = Digital interface2 = Tx/Rx activation3 = Switch4 = Antenna

Demo TRM

The performance and capabilities of the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software can beeasily demonstrated live using an R&S ZVA vector network analyzer, with or withoutR&S ZVAX-TRM or R&S OSP-TRM.

For this purpose, two different R&S TS‑TRM‑ES evaluation sets are available, consist-ing of an X-band low-power demo TRM and required control cabling: Control of the TRM via USB interface, allowing a simple control setup. Control of the TRM via the R&S CompactTSVP with R&S TS-PIO4 for high-speed

module control with optimized handover to the measurement.

For an easy start, R&S TS6 TRM Test Library can be installed in a preconfigured con-figuration for the demo TRM.

USB

VDD

VDD

TRX DI LE CLK

SPIControl unit

Microcontroller

Tx

Rx

ϕ

1 2

3 4 5 6

7

8 9 10

11

12

Figure 3-2: Demo TRM block diagram

1 = VDD: Supply voltage2 = USB control of the microcontroller3 = Transmit/Receive mode (TRX) control for Tx/Rx operation4 = DI: Digital interface5 = LE: (SPI) latch enable6 = Clock information from the microcontroller7 = SPI: Serial peripheral interface8 = Phase shifter receiving 6 bit to 8 bit from the control unit9 = Attenuator receiving 6 bit to 8 bit from the control unit; range 31.5 dB to 63.5 dB10 = Switch for Tx/Rx operation11 = Tx signal path with medium-power amplifier (MPA) and high-power amplifier (HPA)12 = Rx signal path with low noise amplifier (LNA) and MPA



27User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

3.3.2 TRM Control and Trigger Interface

Control and trigger requirements

Some TRMs require special triggering, an Rx/Tx setting or a digital amplifier activation.

C# interface

The R&S TS6 TRM Test Library has an open control plugin programmed in C# anddelivered with a code example. You can adopt this code to communicate to the mod-ule-specific hardware or software. Also, you can control trigger signals for the TRM andconfigure complex trigger sequences. Figure 3-3 illustrates a control sequence usingR&S TSrun and C# control plugin to configure the TRM digital control plugin.

1 3 4C#Create test setup (VNA/SA).

Switch-on power supply.

Prepare measurement.

Execute measurement.

invokes

BeforeMeasurement()E.g. digital TRM settings in case of a parallel interface

SendPulsesImmediate() /SendPulseAfterTrigger

AfterMeasurement()E.g. reset of digital hardware to a defined state

BeforePowerDown()

invokes

invokes

AfterPowerDown()

invokes

BeforePowerUp()E.g. digital TRM settings in case of a parallel interface

AfterPowerUp()E.g. digital TRM settings in case of a parallel interface

Finalize measurement.

Switch off power supply.

Report results.

invokes

invokes

invokes

invokesinvokesinvokes

2a

2b

Figure 3-3: DUT control scheme via R&S TSrun and C# interface

1 = R&S TSrun TRM test plan2a = R&S TSrun TRM test module, e.g. "TrmTxSParameters"2b = R&S TSrun TRM test module, e.g. "TrmTxHarmonics"3 = C# interface | TrmDigitalControl4 = TRM digital control plugin, e.g. "MyQuadTrm"

Editing C# source code files

To edit the C# source code, navigate to the following directory:



28User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

C:\Program Files (x86)\Rohde-Schwarz\TSrun\x.y.z\Bin\TrmDigitalControlPluginsThe directory contains compressed *.zip files, that contain source code files withextension *.cs.

Parameterization for flexible configuration

Configure a wide range of parameters on a test case level. The parameterization cov-ers detailed RF settings, measurement paths, ports and DUT states, providing highflexibility in configuring a test case for a dedicated task.

You can also address different measurements, e.g. the S-parameter test can covermeasurements for gain, attenuation and phase stability and isolation. See Figure 3-4.

Include and reuse tests in a test plan to cover different test aspects.

Figure 3-4: Test case parameterization for TrmTxSParameters test


Test SetupsR&S®TS6

29User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

4 Test SetupsThe R&S TS6 TRM Test Library software provides for simple and expert TRM testing.The test equipment is modular and scalable.

4.1 VNA and PC

The test setup consists of a computer, a VNA and the TRM DUT.

The test setup is suitable for Rx and Tx testing and supports the following: CW modulation: R&S ZVA and R&S ZNA Pulse modulation: R&S ZNA

The test setup is suitable for Rx and Tx testing and supports . For relevant test mod-ules, see Table 5-1.

Figure 4-1: Test setup with VNA, e.g. the R&S ZNA, and PC

See also: Chapter 2.1, "Computer Requirements", on page 9 R&S ZNA user manual/R&S ZVA user manual

4.2 R&S ZVA, R&S ZVAX-TRM and PC

The test setup consists of a computer, the R&S ZVA and the R&S ZVAX-TRM.


For relevant test modules, see Table 5-1.

R&S ZVA, R&S ZVAX-TRM and PC

Test SetupsR&S®TS6

30User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

Figure 4-2: Test setup comprising:

1 = R&S ZVA VNA2 = R&S ZVAX-TRM extension unit3 = PC

See also: Chapter 2.1, "Computer Requirements", on page 9 R&S ZNA user manual/R&S ZVA user manual R&S ZVAX-TRM user manual

4.3 Basic Test System R&S TS6710

The test setup consists of a basic variant of the R&S TS6710 test system.



Basic Test System R&S TS6710

Test SetupsR&S®TS6

31User Manual 1179.1087.02 01


1 = R&S ZNA/R&S ZVA VNA2 = R&S OSP-TRM extension unit3 = R&S CompactTSVP test system versatile platform including built-in control PC

See also: Chapter 2.1, "Computer Requirements", on page 9 R&S ZNA user manual/R&S ZVA user manual R&S ZVAX-TRM user manual R&S CompactTSVP user manual

4.4 Advanced Test System R&S TS6710

The test setup consists of an advanced variant of the R&S TS6710 test system.



Advanced Test System R&S TS6710

Test SetupsR&S®TS6

32User Manual 1179.1087.02 01


1 = R&S FSW spectrum analyzer2 = R&S ZNA/R&S ZVA VNA3 = R&S OSP-TRM extension unit4 = R&S TS-MWM: microwave matrix system5 = R&S CompactTSVP test system versatile platform including built-in control PC6 = Power supplies, e.g. R&S HMP4040

See also: Chapter 2.1, "Computer Requirements", on page 9 R&S ZNA user manual/R&S ZVA user manual R&S ZVAX-TRM user manual R&S CompactTSVP user manual

Advanced Test System R&S TS6710

TRM Test LibraryR&S®TS6

33User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

5 TRM Test LibraryThe R&S TS6 TRM Test Library offers test cases for different hardware configurations.Table 5-1 illustrates availability of test cases depending on the hardware configuration.

Table 5-1: Test modules, test mode and related hardware configuration

Test equipment R&S ZNA R&S ZVA R&S ZVA

R&S ZVAX-TRM

R&S ZVA/R&S ZNA

R&S OSP-TRM

R&S cTSVP

AdditionalR&S FSW

Test case Testmode

CW, pulsed CW*) CW, pulsed CW, pulsed CW, pulsed

S-parameter Rx, Tx Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Compression point Rx, Tx Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Spurious emissions Rx, Tx Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Pulse profile (risetime, fall time, powerdroop)

Tx Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Noise figure Rx No Yes Yes 1) Yes 1) Yes

Out-of-band rejection Rx, Tx Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Harmonics Rx, Tx Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Power-added effi-ciency

Tx Yes Yes 2) Yes 2) Yes 2) No

Intermodulation Rx No Yes 3), 4) Yes 4) Yes 4) No

*) supported modulation types: CW, pulsed1) CW supported only.2) Requires a supported power supply.3) Requires a power combiner.4) Requires two internal VNA sources.

The following sections describe all test modules from the "TrmTestLibrary" folder.

R&S TS6 Basic Tests..............................................................................................34 R&S TS6-K20 S Parameter Tests...........................................................................40 R&S TS6-K22 Test Case Packet 1 Tests................................................................ 45 R&S TS6-K25 Test Case Packet 2 Tests................................................................ 63


34User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

5.1 R&S TS6 Basic Tests

Prerequisites

Required equipment: Vector network analyzer R&S ZVA or R&S ZNA Desktop PC USB smart card (license dongle) with R&S TS6 software

USB 2.0 smart card reader

The following sections provide an overview on basic tests of the TS6 TRM Test Library.

Test cases

RsDemoTrmPanel...................................................................................................34 TrmCalibration.........................................................................................................35 TrmChangePulseSettings....................................................................................... 36 TrmCharacterizeCalUnit..........................................................................................36 TrmCheckPowerSupply.......................................................................................... 37 DutSelection............................................................................................................37 TrmReadBarCode................................................................................................... 39

5.1.1 RsDemoTrmPanel

The module allows for manual DUT testing. It also triggers a reset of all connectedinstruments.

5.1.1.1 Test Configuration

The test is configured via the property dialog box. Log in.


R&S TS6 Basic Tests


35User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

Power SuppliesActivates/deactivates the connected power supply.

Trm Test DirectionSpecifies the direction of the transmit-receive module (TRM).

Trm StateConfigures the TRM attenuation and state.

Pulse GeneratorActivates pulse generation and configures number and transmission modes of the gen-erated pulses.

Generate pulses, e.g. with the R&S TSVP.

Pulse Count ← Pulse GeneratorSpecifies the number of generated pulses.

Constantly Active ← Pulse GeneratorThe pulse modulator is not generating pulses. Instead, a CW signal is generated, thatis required for calibration.

Permanent Pulsing ← Pulse GeneratorActivates continuous pulse generation.

5.1.2 TrmCalibration

The module triggers a calibration process. It identifies all calibration requirements andexecutes calibration measurements.

For more information about calibration, see also Chapter 3, "Introduction", on page 14.

R&S TS6 Basic Tests


36User Manual 1179.1087.02 01


The module provides no settings.

5.1.3 TrmChangePulseSettings

The module changes global pulse settings during a testplan run.


The test is configured via the input parameter list.

For more information, see also chapter "Setting Input Parameters" of the "TSrunSequencer Software Tool" user manual.

The table below specifies the input parameters of the test.

Input parameter Description

"PulseWidth" Sets the pulse width in microseconds.

"DutyCycle" Sets the duty cycle in percent.

5.1.4 TrmCharacterizeCalUnit

The module provides settings to configure the calibration units used in the test plan.

Calibration units are delivered with factory characterization data to ensure an accuratecalibration for all standard applications. For specific modifications of the test setup, e.g.the connection of additional adapters to a calibration unit, a modified set of characteri-zation data (suitable for the cal unit with adapters) can be useful. The analyzer pro-vides a "Characterization Wizard" for performing a guided characterization of (modi-fied) R&S calibration units. The acquired characterization data is stored to a characteri-zation file, so that it can be used for automatic calibration whenever needed.

If a "One Path Two Port" calibration is needed in addition, the characterization proce-dure also involves two-port measurements. The calibrated ports are all connected atthe same time. A full N port calibration of the analyzer (for N calibrated ports), for differ-ent connector types and adapters preferably UOSM, is required. Use the module tospecify the calibration method and assign the instrument to calibrate.

For more information, see the R&S ZVA user manual.


The test is configured via the property dialog box.


R&S TS6 Basic Tests


37User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

The test configuration dialog comprises the general calibration dialog, see Chap-ter 3.2.6, "Calibration Configuration in Test Modules", on page 22.

5.1.5 TrmCheckPowerSupply

The module provides settings to check the power supply as part of the test system.

The module reads out the power consumption of the DUT from the power supplies.Test plan execution is aborted, if limit failures occur.

See also Chapter 6.3, "PowerSupplyManager", on page 77.






"DcPowerSupplyChannel" Determines which channel of which power supply is selected for DC measure-ment.

Example: PS1:CH3 selects channel 3 of power supply 1 for the DC measure-ment. Check power supply configuration for assigned numbers. If the value ofthis parameter is empty, every channel of every active power supply is inclu-ded for DC power measurement.

"MinimumVoltageLimit" Sets the lower limit of the measured minimum voltage.

"MaximumVoltageLimit" Sets the upper limit of the measured maximum voltage.

"MinimumCurrentLimit" Sets the lower limit of the measured minimum current.

"MaximumCurrentLimit" Sets the upper limit of the measured maximum current.

5.1.5.2 Test Results

The test comprises two results, the power consumption and the measured voltage.

5.1.6 DutSelection

The module provides input parameters to select the DUT used in the test plan.

Run the test in the test plan before measuring a new DUT or a new channel of the DUTto generate a correct measurement report. We recommend you to assign measure-ment data to DUTs and/or DUT channels.

R&S TS6 Basic Tests


38User Manual 1179.1087.02 01






"ActiveDut" Selects the DUT.

"ActiveChannel" Selects the channel of the DUT.

"DcPowerSupplyChannel" Determines which channel of which power supply is selected for DC measure-ment.

Example: PS1:CH3 selects channel 3 of the power supply 1 for the DC mea-surement. Check power supply configuration for assigned numbers. If thevalue of this parameter is empty, every channel of every active power supplyis included for DC power measurement.

"ChannelStateSettings" Specifies the channel state settings.

"ChannelEnable" Enable/disables the channel of the DUT.

Example configuration using 2 DUTs

With 2 quad TR-Modules connected to the test system, the following table provides aconfiguration example:

Test module "ActiveDut" "Active-Channel"

1: "DutSelection" 1 1








If different DUTs or channels need different power supply channels, reconfigure thepower supplies in the input parameter list of the "DutSelection" test module. Theparameter "DcPowerSupplySequence" configures the channels of any configured DCpower supply, that have to be switched. It consists of a character string containing oneor more consecutive channel commands. When running the test, the channel com-mands are executed in the given order of the string from left to right. Channel com-mands are separated by a comma (char ","). Spaces between a channel command andthe separating comma are not allowed.

<channel cmd 1>,<channel cmd 2>,<channel cmd 3>, ...

R&S TS6 Basic Tests


39User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

Each channel command consists of at least 3 sections. The command sections areseparated by a colon (char ":"). Spaces between a section and the separating colonare not allowed. The first two sections define the device and the channel to switch. Allfollowing sections are switch commands, which have to be executed at the defineddevice and channel. There must be at least one switch command. The switch com-mands are executed in the given order from left to right.

<device num>:<channel num>:<switch cmd 2>:<switch cmd 3>The command line above means the following: <device num>: String starting with "PS" followed by the device number config-

ured in the power supply tool. <channel num>: String starting with "CH" followed by the channel number of the

device configured in the power supply tool. <switch command>: String containing the switch command.

Switch command types

There are three different types of subcommands: Switching the channel output state: "ON"/"OFF" Setting the voltage level: "<Value>V" Setting the current limit level: "<Value>A"

Channel command examples

The channel command PS3:CH2:OFF:42V:3.5A:ON executes the following com-mands at channel 2 of device number 3: Switching off the channel output Setting the voltage level to 42 V Setting the current limit level to 3.5 A Switching on the channel output

The channel command PS2:CH4:ON switches off the output of channel 4 of devicenumber 2.

5.1.7 TrmReadBarCode

The module provides settings for the bar code length of the DUT.


The test is configured via the property dialog box.


R&S TS6 Basic Tests


40User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

Use as DUT Serial No.Uses the generated bar code as the serial number of the DUT.

Check Barcode-LengthChecks the length of the generated bar code.

For the length check, specify also "Min. Length", "Max. Length" and the number of "Re-attempts".


The test reports the serial number of the DUT.

5.2 R&S TS6-K20 S Parameter Tests

The option provides scattering (S) parameter tests.

Prerequisites




Test cases

5.2.1 TrmSParameters

Measures the S-parameters of the DUT.

R&S TS6-K20 S Parameter Tests


41User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

There are separate test modules for receiver tests ("TrmRxSParameters") and trans-mitter tests ("TrmTxSParameters").

5.2.1.1 Test Principle

S-Parameters are often used to describe electrical components. Measuring S parame-ters of an amplifier gives information about gain, isolation, input return loss and outputreturn loss. The picture below shows how S-Parameters and wave quantities are rela-ted:

S parameters exist for receive (RX) and transmit (TX) direction of a TRM module inpulsed and continues wave (CW) mode.


The test is configured via the input parameter list and the test properties form.


Input Parameter



"StartFrequency" Sets the start frequency of the frequency sweep.

"StopFrequency" Sets the stop frequency of the frequency sweep.

"Points" Specifies the number of measurement points across frequency.

"MeasurmentBandwidth" Sets the resolution bandwidth of the vector network analyzer (VNA).

"PulseMode" Determines if the measurement is done in continues wave [false] or inpulsed mode [true].

"PulsesPerPointFactor" Determines the number of pulses per measurement point. Dependingon the VNA's speed and the pulse period, the factor needs to beincreased.

If the VNA is not able to catch every RF pulse because of internal pro-cessing time this factor must be increased.

The default value of "1.2" comprises 12 RF pulses for 10 measure-ment points.

"TriggerDelay" Delay between the start of the rising RF pulse and start of a VNA mea-surement in nanoseconds.



42User Manual 1179.1087.02 01


"AttenuationStates" Sets the attenuation of the DUT during the measurement in a comma-separated list.

Allowed states: E.g., 0 to 127 for a 7-bit step attenuator.

"PhaseStates" Sets the phase of the signals of the DUT in a comma-separated list.

Allowed states: E.g., 0 to 63 for a 6-bit phase shifter.

"MeasureStateCombinations" [true]: S-Parameters are measured for every combination betweenattenuation and phase step.

[false]: S-Parameters are measured for every attenuation step whilethe phase value = 0 and vice versa.

"GenerateExcelReports" Determines if the test results are written in Excel (*.xlsx) files [true]or not [false]. Independent of this setting a *.csv file is always writtento the measurement report directory

"RfPaths" This parameter determines a comma-separated list of RF paths whichare set before the measurement. All RF paths must be defined in the"RfPathSetting" tool. All paths are set in the order how they are writtenin the comma-separated list.

"SetupName" Determines the names of the VNA setup. Also the name is used forthe calibration file and the name of the file for calibration requirement.

Test Properties Form

The configuration is similar to the "TrmCharacterizeCalUnit" test module.

See Chapter 5.1.4, "TrmCharacterizeCalUnit", on page 36.


Because of the huge amount of measurement data, the reporting does not show themeasurement values in TSrun.

Instead, *.xlsx/*.xlsm Excel reports are generated to get graphical informationabout the test results. The file …_GainAndPhasePlots.xlsm has additional macrofeatures for measurement data analysis.

Example: "TrmRxSParameter" gain and phaseTrmRxSParameter_yyyy-mm-dd_hh-mm-ss_GainAndPhasePlots.xlsm



43User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

Example: "TrmRxSParameter" amplitude variation and phase stateTrmRxSParameter_yyyy-mm-dd_hh-mm-ss_AmplitudeVariationVsPhasestates.xlsx

Example: "TrmRxSParameter" gain flatnessTrmRxSParameter_yyyy-mm-dd_hh-mm-ss_GainFlatness.xlsx



44User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

Example: "TrmRxSParameter" gain versus frequencyTrmRxSParameter_yyyy-mm-dd_hh-mm-ss_GainVsFrequency.xlsx

Example: "TrmRxSParameter" gain versus phaseTrmRxSParameter_yyyy-mm-dd_hh-mm-ss_GainVsFrequency.xlsx

Example: "TrmRxSParameter" phase variation versus attenuator statesTrmRxSParameter_yyyy-mm-dd_hh-mm-ss_PhaseVariationVsAttenuatorstates.xlsx



45User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

Example: "TrmRxSParameter" phase versus frequencyTrmRxSParameter_yyyy-mm-dd_hh-mm-ss_PhaseVsFrequency.xlsx

5.3 R&S TS6-K22 Test Case Packet 1 Tests

Prerequisites




Test cases

5.3.1 TrmCompressionPoint

Measures the 1-dimensional compression point of the DUT.

R&S TS6-K22 Test Case Packet 1 Tests


46User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

There are separate test modules for receiver tests ("TrmRxCompressionPoint") andtransmitter tests ("TrmTxCompressionPoint").

For 2-dimensional compression point, see Chapter 5.3.5, "TrmTwoDimCompression-Point", on page 59.

5.3.1.1 Principle

Maximum output power capabilities of amplifiers are often described by their 1 dB com-pression point. The compression point gives information about the range of inputpower where the gain of the amplifier is still linear. The picture below shows that withincreasing input power the gain eventually drops. The 1 dB compression point (P1dB)is defined as the point of input power, where this drop equals one.

Usually the compression point of RF amplifiers is specified at the output (output powerat compression point: P1dBout). Sometimes, the 2 dB or 3 dB compression points arealso measured.




Input Parameter



"SourceFrequency" Sets the frequency of the signal.

"StartPower" Sets the start value of the power sweep.

"StopPower" Sets the end value of the power sweep.

"Points" Specifies the number of measurement points across power.


"PulseMode" Determines if the measurement is done in continues wave [false] or in pulsedmode [true]



47User Manual 1179.1087.02 01


"NumberOfPulses" Determines the number of pulses. Depending on the speed and the pulseperiod of the VNA, the number of pulses needs to be increased. If the VNA isnot able to catch every RF pulse because of internal processing time,increase the number of pulses.

"TriggerDelay" Delay between the start of the rising RF pulse and start of a VNA measure-ment in nanoseconds.

"AverageFactor" Number of measurement cycles due to averaging. Averaging is useful toreduce noise at the expense of a longer runtime.

"CompressionLevel" Specifies the gain drop against small signal gain. Usually, the compressionlevel is set to "1" for the 1dB compression point, but it could be also set to 2 or3.

"ShowPhase" Determines, if the measurement includes the phase [false] or not [true].

"RfPaths" This parameter determines a comma-separated list of RF paths which are setbefore the measurement. All RF paths must be defined in the "RfPathSetting"tool. All paths are set in the order how they are written in the comma-separa-ted list.

"SetupName" Determines the names of the VNA setup. Also the name is used for the cali-bration file and the name of the file for calibration requirement.




The measured compression point can be expressed numerically. Therefore, the inputand output power of the DUT at compression point are shown:

Two diagrams are also displayed in the report.

The first diagram shows the input and output power vs frequency at the given com-pression point:



48User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

The second diagram shows the gain vs frequency at the given compression point:



49User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

5.3.2 TrmNoiseFigure

Measures the receiver noise level by performing a frequency sweep at 0 dBm outputpower.

The measurement method described here applies for noise figure measurements usinga VNA.


A further property of an amplifier that is the noise that is added to the input signal bythe amplifier itself. This property is described by the noise figure. The figure belowdepicts, that an amplifier does not only add power to the signal due to gain, but it alsoadds noise.

Test with vector network analyzer

R&S TS6 uses the R&S ZVAB-K30 noise figure measurement option of the VNA with-out any noise source. The challenge is to determine the noise power in the possiblepresence of a continuous-wave (CW) signal correctly.



50User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

Unlike the widely used approach of measuring the NF with the Y-Factor method, utiliz-ing a noise source with a given ENR the ZVAB-K30 works differently. It measures thepower of the CW-signal and determines the signal power and the signal and noisepower. The average and the root mean square (RMS) value of the DUT output signalare calculated within the bandwidth used by the VNA. The R&S ZVA and R&S ZVT usethe digitized IF samples for this purpose.

For further explanations and mathematical formulas, see the application note 1EZ61.

Test with spectrum analyzer

Instead of a VNA, the test system R&S TS6710 uses a spectrum analyzer with a noisesource.



51User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

For more information, see the corresponding spectrum analyzer noise figure measure-ment user manual, e.g. R&S FSW-K30.




Input Parameter







"PulseMode" Determines if the measurement is done in continues wave [false] or in pulsedmode [true].



"DetectorTime" The detector measurement time determines the number of samples used forthe average and RMS detectors. The longer the detector measurement time,the lower the trace noise.



52User Manual 1179.1087.02 01


"IdealT0SourceNoise" If "IdealT0SourceNoise > true", the source noise determined during calibrationis discarded. The noise figure of an ideal 50 Ohm resistor is used instead.

"ReceiverLnaGain" Sets the gain of the LNA in an application unit needed for path evaluation.

"ReceiverLnaCompPoint-Out"

Sets the compression point ("Pout") of the application unit needed for pathevaluation.

"ExpectedDutGain" Sets the expected gain of the DUT needed for path evaluation.

"DutCompPoint" Sets the compression point of the DUT needed for path evaluation.






The extracted data of the frequency sweep get shown in the report numerically and asa diagram.



53User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

5.3.3 TrmSpurious

Measures spurious emissions of the DUT.

There are separate test modules for receiver tests ("TrmRxSpurious"/"TrmRxSpur-iousSa") and transmitter tests ("TrmTxSpurious"/"TrmTxSpuriousSa").


Measuring spurious emissions is important with nearly all devices under test, thattransmit power via RF. The reason is that they usually must comply with frequency-dependent limits. The limits make sure that the emissions do not interfere with otherradio services or transmit unwanted signals in security-relevant applications.

Usually spurious emissions are measured with spectrum analyzers, but it is also possi-ble to measure the spurious emissions with a network analyzer.




Input Parameter




54User Manual 1179.1087.02 01




"SourceFrequency" Sets the frequency of the input signal.

"SourcePower" Sets the power level of the input signal.





"AttenuationState" Sets the attenuation of the DUT during the measurement in a comma-separa-ted list.


"PhaseState" Sets the phase of the signals of the DUT in a comma-separated list.







As results of this test show the minimum distance between the carrier and the highestpower level in the complete measured frequency band.

The graph below shows the complete measurement:



55User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

5.3.4 TrmPulseProfile

Measures the transmitted pulse profile of the DUT.

There are separate test modules for transmitter tests ("TrmTxPulseProfile"/"TrmTxPul-seProfileSa").

5.3.4.1 Principle

In many radar applications, the RF signals are sent in pulse mode. As you can see inthe picture below, in pulse mode the RF gets switched off for a specific period of time.

In reality, the shape of a single pulse is not an ideal rectangle. For example, there is acertain amount of time until the wanted power level is reached (rise time). But there aremany other parameters that describe the envelope of a pulse.

Important parameters are: "Rise Time" and "Fall Time" "Overshoot" "Average Level" "Pulse Width" "Power Droop"

The picture below shows an example for a pulse envelope and describes how the sev-eral parameters are defined. The values in percent refer to the average level of thepulse (100 %).



56User Manual 1179.1087.02 01

Test with vector network analyzer

The measurement is possible by pulse profile option of VNA. The option provides amaximum measurement bandwidth of 30 MHz for pulse measurements down to 200 nspulse width with a minimum rise/fall time of 50 ns.

Test with spectrum analyzer

The measurement requires a spectrum analyzer equipped with a pulse measurementoption, e.g. R&S FSW-K6. Depending on the bandwidth option (40 MHz/80 MHz/160 MHz/320 MHz/500 MHz/1200 MHz/2000 MHz), you can measure rise or fall timessmaller than 0.6 ns and pulse widths of minimum 2 ns.




Input Parameter


Table 5-2: VNA measurement input parameters









57User Manual 1179.1087.02 01






"ShowSinglePulse" Determines if the "TimeStop" parameter is used [false] or if the "TimeStop" isautomatically calculated to show a single pulse [true].

" TimeStart" Determines when the VNA starts the measurement depending on the triggersignal. The "TimeStart" could be also negative if the measurement startsbefore the trigger.

" TimeStop" Determines the measurement time of the VNA after the trigger signal.

" ShowPhase" Determines if the phase is shown during the measurement [true] or if it is sup-pressed [false].



Table 5-3: SA measurement input parameters










"SpectrumAnalyserInpu-tAttenuator"

Sets the input attenuation at the spectrum analyzer (SA).





58User Manual 1179.1087.02 01




The extracted data of the different pulse parameters gets shown in the report. Theshown limits can be set by a software tool and are read by the test.

Figure 5-1: VNA pulse profile table

Figure 5-2: SA pulse profile table

Figure 5-3: SA pulse profile diagram



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Figure 5-4: VNA pulse profile diagram

5.3.5 TrmTwoDimCompressionPoint

Measures the 2-dimensional compression point of the DUT.

There are separate test modules for receiver tests ("TrmRxTwoDimCompressionPoint")and transmitter tests ("TrmTxTwoDimCompressionPoint").

For 1-dimensional compression point, see Chapter 5.3.1, "TrmCompressionPoint",on page 45.

5.3.5.1 Principle

The test examines the behavior of the gain not only over power, but also over fre-quency. As it is shown in the picture below, several power sweeps are executed. Withineach power sweep, the compression point is measured. The procedure is repeated foreach frequency to get information about the compression point regarding frequency.



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Input Parameter







"FrequencyPoints" Specifies the number of measurement points across frequency.

"PowerPoints" Specifies the number of measurement points across power sweep.






"CompressionLevel" Specifies the gain drop against small signal gain. Usually, the compressionlevel is set to "1" for the 1dB compression point, but it could be also set to 2 or3.



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The measured compression point can be expressed numerically. Therefore, the inputand output power of the DUT at compression point are shown:

Two diagrams are also displayed in the report.

The first diagram shows the input and output power vs frequency at the given com-pression point:



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The second diagram shows the gain vs frequency at the given compression point:



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5.4 R&S TS6-K25 Test Case Packet 2 Tests

Prerequisites




Test cases

5.4.1 TrmHarmonics

Measures the harmonic intercept point between carrier and the second/third harmonic.

There are separate test modules for receiver tests ("TrmRxHarmonics"/"TrmRxHarmo-nicsSa") and transmitter tests ("TrmTxHarmonics"/"TrmTxHarmonicsSa").


The test for harmonics test is similar to the intermodulation test. Again, due to nonli-nearities of the DUT additional signal components are generated.

As a difference, here the stimulation signal is just a one-tone signal. Every time when asingle-tone signal with frequency f > 0 Hz passes through a non-linear component, har-monics are generated.

Using mathematical calculations it is possible to show, that there are additional signalcomponents with frequencies of an integral multiple of the stimulation frequency gener-ated by the nonlinear DUT.

That means that in theory there is an infinite number of overtones at the output of theDUT. However, it is normally sufficient to examine only the first and second overtone,which is just another expression for second and third harmonic.

The diagram below shows the signal components over frequency. Like the intermodu-lation test, the harmonic rejection of a DUT can be described by the distance of the2nd and 3rd harmonic to the fundamental frequency regarding power.



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In technical specifications, harmonics are often specified by a harmonic intercept point.The intercept point specifies a theoretical point, where a certain harmonic, e.g. the sec-ond for the second harmonic intercept, has grown as large as the fundamental itself.The intercept point is a theoretical point, because in reality, non-linear effects, e.g. sat-uration, usually dominate before the intercept point is reached.




Input Parameter




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"AverageFactor" Number of measurement cycles due to averaging. Averaging is useful toreduce noise at the expense of a longer test time.

"SmoothingAperture" Defines how many measurement points are averaged to smooth the trace.Defines the width of the smoothing aperture for each point. Set this parameterto zero to avoid smoothing. Smoothing does not significantly increase themeasurement time.To avoid errors, observe the following recommendations. Start with a small aperture and increase it only as long as you are certain

that the trace is still correctly reproduced. We recommend that you set a small smoothing aperture value compared

to the width of the observed structures (e.g. the resonance peaks of a fil-ter). If necessary, restrict the sweep range or switch smoothing off toanalyze narrow structures.

"LinearPointOfDUT" Input power, at which the amplifier is supposed to behave in a linear way.From this point, the extrapolation for the intercept point starts.

"ReceiverAttenuator" Sets the attenuation of the receiver step attenuator at the VNA.






The extrapolated intercept points IPk2 and IPk3 are shown in the report with inputpower and output power. The test verdict is also shown.



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To make the measured values more understandable and to check the extrapolation,there is also a diagram shown in the report. This diagram shows the measured curvesof the different signal components (output power"Pout", "Hmnc2" and "Hmnc3") and thelines from extrapolation.

The extrapolation lines have a slope considering the theoretical values of the harmon-ics, i. e. slope values of 1, 2 and 3 for "Pout", "Hmnc2" and "Hmnc3". The extrapolationlines intersect the linear point of DUT, which is marked with a violet dot in each curve.

The diagram gives the possibility to evaluate the measurement, if the parameter "Line-arPointOfDUT" was set correctly. A correct setting implies a point in the diagram wherethe measured slopes of the different curves reach the theoretical slopes best, to getthe highest possible accuracy.

When the test cannot find a reasonable slope of one of the harmonics, the extrapola-tion is aborted and the status is set to "Failed". The test fails due to high noise levels.



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5.4.2 TrmIntermodulation

Measures the intermodulation intercept points between carrier power and interferingsignal power.

There are separate test modules for receiver tests ("TrmRxIntermodulation"/"TrmRxIn-termodulationZvaxTrm").

If you have a test setup including R&S ZVAX-TRM, use the test module "TrmRxInter-modulation".


The intermodulation test is similar to the "TrmHarmonics" test modules. Basis of anintermodulation test is the excitation of the DUT with a two-tone signal. Using somemathematical calculations one can show that there are many additional signal compo-nents at the output generated due to nonlinearities of the DUT.

In theory, the number of additional generated signal components is infinite. In practice,usually it is sufficient to examine the intermodulation components.

The frequencies fIM2 and fIM3 of the intermodulation products of second and third orderare calculated as follows: "IM2" intermodulation product of second order: fIM2 = 2 * f2 + f1 "IM3" intermodulation product of third order: fIM3 = f2 + f1

The diagram below shows, the signal component at fIM3 has a lower distance to thetwo-tone signal than the signal component at fIM2. Therefore intermodulation products"IM3" are considered of more importance than "IM2".




Input Parameter




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"AverageFactor" Number of measurement cycles due to averaging. Averaging is useful toreduce noise at the expense of a longer test time.

"TwoToneDistance" Sets the frequency distance between the two contiguous tone signals.

"ReceiverAttenuator" Sets the attenuation of the receiver step attenuator at the VNA.

"LinearPointOfDUT" Input power, at which the amplifier is supposed to behave in a linear way.From this point, the extrapolation for the intercept point starts.






The extrapolated intercept points of the second and third order intermodulation product(SOI) are shown in the report with input power and output power. The test verdict isalso shown.

To make the measured values more understandable and to check if the extrapolationworks correctly, there is also a diagram shown in the report. This diagram shows the



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measured curves of the different signal components (output power "Pout", "IM2" and"IM3"), and the lines from extrapolation.

The extrapolation lines have a slope considering the theoretical values of intermodula-tion products. The slope values of 1, 2 and 3 for "Pout", "IM2" and "IM3". The extrapola-tion lines intersect the linear point of DUT, which is marked with a violet dot in eachcurve.

The diagram gives the possibility to evaluate the measurement, if the parameter "Line-arPointOfDUT" was set correctly. A correct setting implies a point in the diagram wherethe measured slopes of the different curves reach the theoretical slopes best, to getthe highest possible accuracy.

5.4.3 TrmRxOutOfBandRejection

Measures the receiver's minimum out of band rejection.


Usual, transmit/receive modules have a filter stage on the receiver input. Because themodule should receive signals from one certain frequency band, this filter is usually abandpass.



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This test examines the transmission (S21) in RX direction with a frequency sweep overa wide range. The test characterizes both the pass band and stop bands, where thetransmission is attenuated.

This principle is shown by the diagram below. The test result is one single value: Thedistance between the lowest value of the pass band to the highest value of the stopbands.

Because no filter is ideal, a rectangular transmission function is not realistic – the tran-sition from stop to pass band (and vice versa) has a certain slope. Therefore, betweenstop bands and pass band an area is defined, which is not considered in the evalua-tion.




Input Parameter










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The report shows the minimum value of out of band rejection numerically and graphi-cally.

In the diagram, the pass band is shown as blue curve, while the stop band is themagenta curve. In this way, it is possible to check the values of the input parametersand to make the measured data clearer.

The transition area is drawn in gray. The minimum distance is also shown. It is green ifthe measured result is within the limits and red if the limit was exceeded.



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5.4.4 TrmPowerAddedEfficiency

Measures the power added efficiency of the transmitting DUT.

5.4.4.1 Principle

There are several different kinds of evaluating the efficiency of a device. For example,the “drain efficiency” is the ratio of output RF power to input DC power. In contrast, thepower added efficiency (PAE) considers also the input RF power. This test is availablefor TX direction only.

The PAE is calculated with the formula below:

PAE = 100 * (Pout,RF - Pin,RF) / PDC,total

As one can see, if the gain is high, the input RF power can be neglected, which leadsto the expression of the drain efficiency. Therefore, a low gain causes a lower PAE.



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Because the DC power gets measured over the whole pulse period, the duty cycle "D"must be considered in calculations also:

PAE = 100 * (Pout,RF - Pin,RF) / PDC,total * (D / 100)




Input Parameter












"DcPowerSuppliesMeas-ured"

Determines which channel of which power supply is selected for DC measure-ment.

Example: PS1:CH3 selects channel 3 of power supply 1 for the DC measure-ment. Check power supply configuration for assigned numbers. If the value ofthis parameter is empty, every channel of every active power supply is inclu-ded for DC power measurement.






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The calculated value "PAE" is shown in the report. Above the measured values for "DCPower", "RF Input Power" and "RF Output Power". The test verdict regarding limitcheck is also shown.


ResourcesR&S®TS6

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6 ResourcesYou can define global resource settings or test plan-specific resource settings. Forbasics on resources and basic resource settings, see the R&S TSrun user manual.

This section addresses resource settings specific to the R&S TS6 TRM Test Library.

To select R&S TS6 TRM Test Library-specific resource settings

Navigate to the "Resource" menu or the "Testplan" menu.

There are 5 additional plugins dedicated for vector network analysis testing, seethe figure below.

Figure 6-1: Additional R&S TS6 TRM Test Library-specific resources

1 = Chapter 6.1, "ApplicationUnit", on page 752 = Chapter 6.2, "LimitManager", on page 763 = Chapter 6.3, "PowerSupplyManager", on page 774 = Chapter 6.4, "TrmReporting", on page 785 = Chapter 6.5, "TrmTestSystem", on page 79

6.1 ApplicationUnit

The "ApplicationUnit" resource allows you to define test setup signal routing. Definethe RF paths of your test setup here.

ApplicationUnit

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The main task is to select the settings *.xml file as displayed in the selection to theright of "Application Unit". All necessary RF paths are preconfigured in the settings file.The filename displays also the used application unit, e.g. OSP-TRM for R&S OSP-TRM.

Once the RF paths are defined, there is no need to change any setting inside the set-tings file. If there is a need for low-level debugging, then it is possible to see herewhich relays are set when an RF path is used in a test.

6.2 LimitManager

The "LimitManager" resource allows you to define limits for a complete test sequence.It is possible to manage different limit profiles for different DUTs.

Every test in a testplan should have a unique "SetupName" and requests the limits of"SetupName" from the "LimitManager". The frequency range and the attenuation /phase states define the validity of the limit.

Accordingly, it is possible to have more than one limit on a parameter for different fre-quency ranges or state ranges.

LimitManager

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6.3 PowerSupplyManager

The "PowerSupplyManager" resource manages global settings for power suppliesused in the system.

PowerSupplyManager

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To set up a power supply, the supply has to be registered in the "SCPI Connections"dialog first. If the power supply is registered there, it is possible to select it via"Resource Descriptor" selection.

With the selection below "Use as:"", you can select the correct power supply. By tickingthe checkboxes to the left of the channels "CH1 ... CH4", you can switch on the chan-nels automatically during the test sequence start.

Also, set a default voltage or current limit. If you need to change the status, voltage orcurrent limit during the sequence run, use the "DutSelection" test module.

6.4 TrmReporting

The "TrmReporting" resource allows you to define data formats of the reported mea-surement results.

You can export results in the following formats: MS Excel format with results exported in *.xlsx file PDF with results exported in *.pdf file Raw data format with results exported in *.txt file Touchstone export format for S parameter tests

TrmReporting

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6.5 TrmTestSystem

"Pulse Width" and "Duty Cycle" are global settings that can be set in the "TrmTestSys-tem" dialog.

The default "RF connection to TRM" is normally correct and there is no need tochange.

An important setting is the "TRM Digital Control Type" selection. Here the different plu-gins can be selected. The plugin *.dll files are read from the R&S TSrun sub direc-tory \Bin\TrmDigitalControlPlugins.

"Run Tests in Calibration Mode (if available)" determines, if the measurement testsexecute the measurement or if the tests generate their calibration requirement, whichcontains all necessary parameters for calibration.

"All Calibrations Off" is a possibility to work without calibrations. The function is helpful,if you work with a single VNA without any additional components. In that case, the fac-tory calibration is not too far away for a first measurement.

TrmTestSystem

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On the "Advanced Settings" tab, select the "Master Device" and the "Slave Devices" ofthe 10 MHz reference frequency. Also, switch on/off the display of the instruments dur-ing the measurements.

TrmTestSystem

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TrmTestSystem

Contacting Customer SupportR&S®TS6

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7 Contacting Customer SupportTechnical support – where and when you need it

For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz product, contact our customer sup-port center. A team of highly qualified engineers provides support and works with youto find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applica-tions of Rohde & Schwarz products.

Contact information

Contact our customer support center at www.rohde-schwarz.com/support, or follow thisQR code:

Figure 7-1: QR code to the Rohde & Schwarz support page

http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/support

Glossary: Abbreviations and DefinitionsR&S®TS6

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Glossary: Abbreviations and DefinitionsA

AESA: Active electronically scanned array

CCW: Continuous wave (modulation)

DDUT: Device under test

LLNA: Low noise amplifier

RRPC: Receiver power calibration

Rx: Receiver

SSPC: Source power calibration

TTRM: Transmit-receive module

Tx: Transmitter

VVNA: Vector network analyzer

Glossary: ReferencesR&S®TS6

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Glossary: ReferencesSymbols

1EZ61: Rohde & Schwarz application note 1EZ61: "Noise Figure Measurement withouta Noise Source on a Vector Network Analyzer"https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/1ez61

RR&S CompactTSVP user manual: Rohde & Schwarz user manual of the R&S Com-pactTSVP test system versatile plattformhttps://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/compacttsvp/

R&S FSW user manual: Rohde & Schwarz user manual of the R&S FSW signal andspectrum analyzerhttps://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/fsw

R&S ZNA user manual: Rohde & Schwarz user manual of the R&S ZNA vector net-work analyzerhttps://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/zna

R&S ZVA user manual: Rohde & Schwarz user manual of the R&S ZVA vector net-work analyzerhttps://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/zva

R&S ZVAX-TRM user manual: Rohde & Schwarz user manual of the R&S ZVAX-TRMextension unithttps://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/zva

https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/1ez61

https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/compacttsvp/

https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/fsw

https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/zna

https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/zva

https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/zva

IndexR&S®TS6

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Index

A

AESA radar ....................................................................... 25

B

Basic tests ......................................................................... 34Brochure ..............................................................................7

C

CalibrationAttenuator noise calibration ........................................ 21Configuration in test modules ..................................... 22Generator noise figure calibration ...............................21Receiver noise figure calibration .................................21Spectrum analyzer calibration .................................... 22VNA noise figure calibration ....................................... 21VNA receiver power calibration .................................. 19VNA source power calibration .................................... 18VNA system error correction .......................................20

Computer requirements ...................................................... 9

D

Data sheet ........................................................................... 7Documentation overview ..................................................... 7

F

Firewall ............................................................................. 10

I

Installation ........................................................................... 9File ................................................................................ 9Installing R&S TS6 TRM Test Library ......................... 10Options ......................................................................... 9Prerequisites ................................................................. 9Requirements ............................................................... 9Verifying ...................................................................... 10

InterfaceC# ............................................................................... 27

L

LicensesActivating license keys ................................................12Checking ..................................................................... 10Ordering license keys ................................................. 10

O

Open-source acknowledgment (OSA) ................................ 7Options

Installing ........................................................................9License keys ............................................................... 12

R

Release notes ..................................................................... 7Remote access ................................................................. 10

ResourceApplication unit ........................................................... 75Limit manager ............................................................. 76Power supply manager ............................................... 77Trm reporting .............................................................. 78Trm test system .......................................................... 79

S

S parameter tests .............................................................. 40TRM RX compression point ........................................ 45TRM TX compression point ........................................ 45

Smart cards ....................................................................... 10

T

Test case packet 1 tests .................................................... 45Test case packet 2 tests .................................................... 63Test concept

Information flow .......................................................... 14Report ......................................................................... 17Selection ..................................................................... 15Sequence plan ............................................................ 16

Test modulesDUT selection ............................................................. 37RS demo TRM panel .................................................. 34TRM calibration ...........................................................35TRM change pulse settings ........................................ 36TRM characterize calibration unit ............................... 36TRM check power supply ........................................... 37TRM read bar code ..................................................... 39TRM RX compression point ........................................ 45TRM RX harmonics .................................................... 63TRM RX harmonics sa ................................................63TRM RX intermodulation ............................................ 67TRM RX intermodulation ZVAX TRM ..........................67TRM RX noise figure .................................................. 49TRM RX noise figure sa ..............................................49TRM RX out of band rejection .................................... 69TRM RX S-parameters ............................................... 40TRM RX spurious ....................................................... 53TRM RX spurious sa ...................................................53TRM RX two-dimensional compression point ............. 59TRM TX compression point ........................................ 45TRM TX harmonics ..................................................... 63TRM TX harmonics sa ................................................ 63TRM TX power added efficiency ................................. 72TRM TX pulse profile .................................................. 55TRM TX pulse profile sa ............................................. 55TRM TX S-parameters ................................................40TRM TX spurious ........................................................ 53TRM TX spurious sa ................................................... 53TRM TX two-dimensional compression point ............. 59

Test setupBasic test system R&S TS6710 ............................ 30, 31PC, R&S ZVA and R&S ZVAX-TRM ........................... 29VNA and PC ............................................................... 29

TRMBasics ......................................................................... 25Calibration ...................................................................18Control ........................................................................ 27Demo .......................................................................... 26Introduction ................................................................. 25

IndexR&S®TS6

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Test concept ................................................................14Trigger .........................................................................27

U

Uninstalling ........................................................................13Update ...............................................................................12User manual ........................................................................ 7

V

Versions ............................................................................ 12

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