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RRB AC POWER BOOSTER FOR SCALE-1 , 2, OFFICE ASST #ALL ABOUT RRB's

• Regional Rural Banks were established under the provisions of an Ordinance passed on 26

September 1975 and the RRB Act. 1976

• These were set up on the recommendations of The Narasimham Working Group during the tenure

of Indira Gandhi's government with a view to include rural areas into economic mainstream since

that time about 70% of the Indian Population was of Rural Orientation.

• The development process of RRBs started on 2 October 1975 with the forming of the first RRB, the

Prathama Bank.

• Also on 2 October 1976 five regional rural banks were set up with a total authorised capital of Rs.

100 crore ($10 Million) which later augmented to 500 crore ($50 Million).

• The Regional Rural Bank were owned by the Central Government ,the State Government and the

Sponsor Bank(There were five commercial banks, Punjab National Bank, State Bank of India,

Syndicate Bank, United Bank of India and United Commercial Bank, which sponsored the regional

rural banks) who held shares in the ratios as follows Central Government-50%, State Government-

15% and Sponsor Banks- 35%.

• Earlier, Reserve Bank of India had laid down ceilings on the rate of interest to be charged by these

RRBs. However from August 1996 the RRBs have been granted freedom to fix rates of interest,

which is usually in the range of 14-18% for advances.

Organizational Structure

The Organizational Structure for RRB's varies from branch to branch and depends upon the nature and size

of business done by the branch. The Head Office of an RRB normally had three to seven departments.

The following is the decision making hierarchy of officials in a Regional Rural Bank.

1. Board of Directors

2. Chairman & Managing Director

3. General Manager

4. Chief Manager/Regional Managers

5. Senior Manager

6. Manager

7. Officer / Assistant Manager

8. Office Assistant (Multipurpose)

*IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER

• RRBs are started for regional ineualities

• concept for RRBs -- "BRD" -- balanced regional development

• Ariel awarness for RRBs report given by D.R.Gadgil -1962

• lead bank scheme -- narsimhan --1969

• First Recommitte setup for RRBs-- sarayu committee -- 1972

• Committee recommended setting up RRBs-- Narasimham Committee in 1975.

• First RRB set up--Prathama Grameen Bank on 2nd oct 1975.

• RRBs are formed by which act--RRB Act.1976.

• Ownership ratio of stakeholders in the RRBs--Central Govt-50%,State Govt-15%,Sponsor Bank-35%.

• RRBs regulated by--National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development(NABARD).

• Total Number of RRBs as of Now--56.

• Indian States don't have any RRBs as of now--Goa & Sikkim.

• At Present how many states are having state level RRBs--7

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• The Regional Rural Banks(Amendmentbill 2014) increased authorised capital from Rs. 5 Crore to--

2,000Crore.

• Going to merge soon then -- it will 56 as per the latest rrb bill -2014

• 2006-- 133 RRBs ;2011-- 82 ;2013-64 ; 2014-Bill --56(now present)

• First fully Computerised RRB in the Country--South Malabar Grameen Bank(Malappuramnear

Kozhikode).

• Malappuram-based, Canara Bank-sponsored Kerala Gramin Bank is the country’s largest regional

rural bank (RRB) in terms of business volume. With ₹19, 800 crore of business and 535 branches

• Minimum Capital to Risk Weighted Assets Ratio(CRAR) of RRBs which they have to maintain---9%.

• Agricultural review committe as per RRBs loans -- khushro committe --1989

• Presently how much Budget provision for recapitalization of RRBs--Rs.15 crore.

• RRBs are Classified as which type of Banks--Commercial Banks.

• The Combined Capital of the Centre,State Govt and Sponsor Banks will not come down below--51%.

• Committee for Recapitalisation of Regional Rural Banks headed by--KC Chakrabarty-2010

• K Mitra committee -- to offer higher salary and perquisites to attract talented and competent

officers.

RRB commitees

1. Narasimham Committee, 1975--Working Group On Rural Banks

2. Dantwala Committee, 1978--Committee on Rural Banks

3. CRAFICARD, 1981--Committee to Review Arrangements for Institutional Credit for Agriculture and

Rural Development

4. Kelkar Committee, 1984--Working Group on Regional Rural Banks

5. Agricultural Credit Review Committee (ACRC, 1989)

6. Narasimham Committee, 1991--Committee on Financial System

7. Bhandari Committee, 1994--Committee on Restructuring of RRBs

8. Misra Committee, 1995--Working Group on Funds Management in RRBs

9. Basu Committee, 1996--Committee on Revamping of RRBs

10. Thingalaya Committee, 1997--Expert Group on RRBs

11. Narasimham Committee, 1998--Committee on Banking Sector Reforms

12. Agrawal Committee, 2000--Committee on Manpower Norms in RRBs

13. Expert Committee on Rural Credit (ECRC, 2001)

14. Dr.Vyas Committee, 2004--Advisory Committee on Flow of Credit to Agriculture and Related

Activities.

15. Recommendations of regional basis to amagmation - by purwar committee

16. RRB re organisation bill -2013 for 1975 passed in loksabha

RRB ACTs

1. Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976

2. Indian Trusts Act, 1882

3. Companies Act, 1956

4. Deposit Insurance Corporation Act, 1961

5. Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India Act, 1984

6. National Housing Bank Act, 1987

7. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981

8. Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934

9. Small Industries Development Bank of India Act, 1989

10. Subsidiary bank-- has the meaning assigned to it in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Bank) Act,

1959

11. Sponsor Bank has the meaning assigned to it in the Regional Rural Bank Act, 1976

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NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development is an apex development bank in India having

headquarters based in Mumbai and other branches are all over the country.

Founded: July 12, 1982

Credit Functions

• Framing policy and guidelines for rural financial institutions.

• Providing credit facilities to issuing organizations

• Monitoring the flow of ground level rural credit.

• Preparation of credit plans annually for all districts for identification of credit potential.

Development Functions:

• Help cooperative banks and Regional Rural Banks to prepare development actions plans for

themselves.

• Help Regional Rural Banks and the sponsor banks to enter into Mous with state governments and

cooperative banks to improve the affairs of the Regional Rural Banks.

• Monitor implementation of development action plans of banks.

• Provide financial support for the training institutes of cooperative banks, commercial banks and

Regional Rural Banks.

• Provide financial assistance to cooperative banks for building improved management information

system, computerisation of operations and development of human resources.

Supervisory Functions:

• Undertakes inspection of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and Cooperative Banks (other than

urban/primary cooperative banks) under the provisions of Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

• Undertakes inspection of State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks (SCARDBs)

and apex non-credit cooperative societies on a voluntary basis.

• Provides recommendations to Reserve Bank of India on issue of licenses to Cooperative Banks,

opening of new branches by State Cooperative Banks and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).

• Undertakes portfolio inspections besides off-site surveillance of Cooperative Banks and Regional

Rural Banks (RRBs).

RURAL HEADs & Head quarters

SEBI --Est -1992 Chairman - Shri U K Sinha, Head Office - Mumbai

IRDA --Est--1999, Chairman - T.s.Vijayan, Head Office - HyderabadKey .

IDBI --Est--1976-- Chairman, M. S. Raghavan, Head Office - Mumbai

SIDBI --Est1990 , Chairman - Shri Sushil Muhnot Head Office - Lucknow

NABARD Est--1982 --Chairman - Harsh Kumar Bhanwala--Mumbai (Maharashtra)

EXIM Bank -Est--1982--Chairman --Yaduvendra Mathur --Head Office - Mumbai

NHB --Est1988--Chairman--Kalyanaraman --Head office - New Delhi

*MUDRA-- Est 2015 -- CEO--Jiji Mammen--Headquarters--India

# INDICATORS RBI Rates

• Policy Repo Rate 7.25%

• Reverse Repo Rate 6.25%

• Marginal Standing Facility Rate 8.25%

• Bank Rate 8.25%

• CRR 4%

• SLR 21.5%

BANKS in INDIA

1. Reserve bank of india-1 (Unique bank & central bank)

2. Public sector banks --27

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3. Nationalised banks--19

4. Regional rural banks --56

5. Foreign banks with branches in India--45

6. Foreign banks with representative offices in India—39

Cooperative banks

7. State cooperative banks –32

8. Urban cooperative banks --52

Private sector banks

9. Old private sector banks --13

10. New Private Sector banks --16 + Latest bandhan + IDFC

11. Small banks --72

12. payment banks --42( License approved by RBI --11)

13. NBFC --1224( Deposit accepted -- 342 , others non -deposit accepted )

14. MFIs--268

15. District Central Cooperative Banks (DCCBs)--370

16. Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) –92432

'Indradhanush' to revamp PSU banks

• The seven elements include appointments

• Board of bureau-- capitalisation-- de-stressing--empowerment-- framework of accountability --

governance reforms.

• Under recapitalisation plans for Public Sector Banks, 13 banks would get Rs 20,058 crore this

financial year. The rest Rs 5,000 crore would be allocated based on efficiency criteria.

• 70,000 crores in upcoming 5 years to reach need of 1.60 lakh crores needed for banks , 80,000

crores will get the banks from market

• Banks board of bureau will replace existing appointments board. Its members would be appointed

in the next six months to be headed by the RBI governnor.

• Banks board bureau would also hold bad assets of public sector banks.

• SBI will get the highest Rs 5,511 cr, followed by Bank of India at Rs 2,455 cr, IDBI at Rs 2,229 cr, PNB

at Rs 1732 cr and IOB at Rs 2009 cr.

• Microsoft India Chairman Ravi Venkatesan as Chairman of Bank of Baroda.

• T N Manoharan as Non-Executive Chairman of Canara Bank

• G Padmanabhan as Non-Executive Chairman of Bank of India.

• Rakesh Sharma Of Lakshmi Vilas Bank will be new MD & CEO Of Canara Bank

• Six more Non-Executive Chairman posts to be filled in 6 months

Target by govt of india disinvestment this fiscal for PSUs 2015-16

• ONGC-- 5% -- 13100 Crores

• INDIAN OIL -- 10% -- 9000 crores

• NTPC -- 5% -- 6000 crores

• NMDC -- 10% -- 4800 crores

• BHEL --5% -- 3000 crores

• NHPC -- 11.36% -- 2400 crores

• NALCO -- 10% -- 1200 crores

PAID UP CAPITAL

1. New bank license --500 crores

2. Private banks --500

3. Foreign bank -500 crores

4. Urban cooperative banks --100 crores

5. State cooperative banks --100 crores

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6. Small bank & payment banks --100 crores

7. NABARD -- 500 crores

8. EXIM bank -- 8500 crores

9. SIDBI -- 1000 Crores

10. Authorised Regional Rural Bank--2000 crores

11. MUDRA BANK --20000 crore (Intial corpus --3000 crores ) (paid up capital --750 crores)

INDIA GDP estimates --2015-16

• Finance Ministry ---8-8.5 %

• ECONOMIC SURVEY- 8.1-8.5%

• Reserve Bank of India--7.6 %

• IMF- 7.5%

• IBRD- 7.5%

• UN Report --7.7%

• S& P -- 7.6%

• MOODY’s--7%

• OECD-7.7%

• ADB-7.8%

• FITCH--- 7.8%

• NOMURA -6.7%

• Citigroup-- 7.9%

• CRISIL --7.4%

• Domestic brokerage -IDFC --7.7%

INDIA'S external debt 2015

• Total external debt --475.8

• long term debt-- 391.1

• Short tem debt--48.7

• Multeral debt--52.6

• Bilateral debt--21.7

• IMF-- 21.7

• Export credit--- 12.8

• ECB exteranl commercial borrowing-- 181.9

• NRI deposits-- 115.2

• Ruppee debt-- 1.5

• Sovereigh debt-- 89.6

* Note -- all numbers in US$ billion

Economic indicators

• Reserve money --Net non- monetary liabilities of RBI as on july 17,2015--8,468.47

• FER -- Foreign exchange reserves --$354.433 billion ,august 26th 2015

• Banks' gross NPAs rises to 4.45% from 4.1% in 1 year: RBI

• FII inflows -- $ 4092 billions --2014-15

• CPI-- 5.40%--july 2015

• WPI--(-2.4%)--july 2015

• IIP-- 4.1%--july 2015

• Fiscal defecit --2014-15 --4%

• Revenue defecit --2.8%

• TRADE defecit -- $ 10.8 billion

• exports --> (-15.8%)

• Imports -->( -13.40%)

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National social security indicators & interest rates

• EPFO-8.75%

• PPF-8.7%

• KVP(Kisan vikas patra)-8.7%-min --1000, max --50,000 Denomination,double in 100 months lock in

period 2.5 years (2 years 6 months

• KCC-Kisan credit card Smart Card cum Debit Card.-- 7% interest rate ;KCC for 5 years

• Sukanya samridhi yojana-9.2% (2015)

• PMJJBY--18 and 50 years --of Rs. 330 is what you need to pay to get a life cover of Rs. 2 lacs.

• PMSBY--18 years and 70 years , Rs. 12 for a cover of Rs. 2 lacs

• ATAL PENSION SCHEME--under the age of 40, would receive the fixed monthly pension of Rs. 1000

to Rs 5000 at the age of 60 years

• surkasha bandhan scheme --recipient can use these cheques by depositing in his or her bank

account for a realisable value of Rs 342 (Rs 12 + Rs 330) to cover one-year subscription to PMJJBY

and PMSBY.

• PMJDY -12%--Accidental --1.00 lac, Life cover of Rs.30,000, overdraft --5000

• Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) -- Rs.2/ a Kg- wheat & Rs.3/ a Kg.--rice, Rs 1/ - Pulses.

AGRICULTURE INDICATORS --2014-15

Total Food grains -- 251.12 million tonnes

• Rice -- 102.54 million tonnes

• Wheat -- 90.78 million tonnes

• Coarse Cerels -- 40.42 miilion tones

• Maize -- 22.74

• PULSES --17.38

• TUR- 2.71

• Gram - 7.59

OIL SEEDS --27.38 million tonnes

• SOYABEAN -- 10.70

• Groundnut --6.64 million tonnes

• Rapessed & mustard --6.75

• cotton --35.32

• sugarcane -- 356.56

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS & FATHERS

• Protein revoultion --higher productivity(Techonology driven 2nd green revolution)-----coined by --

Modi & Arun jaitely

• Green Revolution ___ Food grains

Father of green revolution --"Norman borlang" --USA

Father of indian green revolution --"M.S.swaminathan" --INDIA

Green revolution "word" COINED by ---" william s.goud" --UK

• White Revolution or Operation Flood---Milk production -- "VARGHESE KURIEN "

• Yellow Revolution --Oil Seeds production--" Sam Pitroda

• Black Revolution --Petroleum Production

• Blue Revolution --Fish Production---"DR.ARUN KRISHNAN".

• Brown Revolution --Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production

• Golden Fiber Revolution --Jute Production

• Golden Revolution --Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production--"NIRPAKH

TUTEJ"

• Grey Revolution --Fertilizer

• Pink Revolution --Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production--"DURGESH PATEL"

• FATHER OF INDUCED BREEDING--"PROF.HIRLAL CHAUDRI"

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• Red Revolution --Meat & Tomato Production--"VISHAL TEWARI"

• Round Revolution ---Potato

• Silver Fiber Revolution –Cotton

• Silver Revolution --Egg/Poultry Production --"INDIRA GANDHI"

• Evergreen Revolution --Overall development of Agriculture--Started in 11th plan (2007-2012)

• #NOTE -- Father of telecom revolution -- sampitroda

FOOD CROPS

1. RICE --> world wide china tops -- next india , in india -- wbengal , AP , UP , PUNJAB

2. WHEAT --> top -3 China, india, USA , IN india --- up , punjab, harayana

3. JOWER --> top -- USA , CHINA ,, in india -- maharastra , karanatka , mp

4. MAIZE -- >top -- USA , Mexico , India , in india -- AP (andhra) , Karnataka

5. BAJRA -- >IN india -- rajasthan , maharastra , gujrat

6. RAGI -- >top -- karanataka , tamilnadu , andhrapradesh

7. Barley -->TOP -- UP , Rajasthan

8. PULSES -->MP, UP

9. Ground nut /Oil seeds -- >AP, GUJARAT ,T NADU

SPICE CROPS

1. Pepper --> indonesia, india , in india --kerala

2. cardmom --> india , indonesia , in india --kerala

3. cloves -- >Tanzania , in india -- kerala

4. Turmeric --> india top in the world , in india -- Guntur

5. Saffron -- >india 1st place , in india -- Jammu & kashmir

6. Ginger -- >india top in the world , in india -- kerala

PLANTATION CROPS

1. TEA --> TOP -3 -- india ,china ,srilanka , in india -- Assam , westbengal , tamilnadu

2. COFFEE --> Top-3 . SANTOOS , COLOUMBIA , ECUDOR , india --5th , in india -- karanataka

3. RUBBER -- >TOP -3 -- thailand , indonesia. india , in india -- kerala, tamilnadu , karnataka

4. COCONUT --> Top -3 , indonesia , philliphines , india -- in india -- kerala , taminadu , karnataka

MACRO ECONOMIC TIME PERIOD

• GDP -- yearly , quarterly , monthly

• Call money -- overnight

• Notice money -- 2-14 days

• term money-- 15days to 1 year

• Certifcates of deposits--min 7 days - max- 12 months

• Commerical papers -- min 7 days -- max --12 months

• Forward rate aggrements -- contracts are available for maturity 10 years

• Market repo-- 1 day - 1 year

• RBI LAF -- 1 day

• NDTL -- 15 Days basis

• T-bills -- 91, 182, 364 DAYS

• Inter bank participation -- 91 -180 Days

• CBLO Colletral borrowing slending obligation -- 1 day - 1 year

• Capital market -- 1 year and above

• Money market -- less than 1 year

• IIP calulates -- quartely , monthly

• RBI finacial year -- july 1st -- june 30

• BANKS -- April 1st -- MARCH -31st

• General budget -- financial starts from April 1ST

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NATIONAL income -- every 1 YEAR

• Measuring methods --FOR national income

• REVISED ESTIMATE -- 0 % CHANGE

• PROVISIONAL ESTIMATE-- 50 % change

• QUICK ESTIMATE-- 75% change

• ADVANCED ESTIMATE --100% change

TYPES OF MONEY

• MO RESERVE MONEY -- reserve money -- weekly

• M1 NARROW -- fortnight -- 15 days

• M3 BROAD --fortnight -- 15 days

• L1 -- MONTHLY

• L2--MONTHLY

• L3 -- QUARTERLY -- 3MONTHS

ACCOUNTS --Min & Max

• SAVING ------NO

• CURRENT--- no time period

• RECURRING-- 6 months , 10 years

• FIXED -- 7DAYS / NOW 14 DAYS -- 10 YEARS

• FLEXI --6 months upto a maximum of 5 years.

NPAs 90 DAYS --BAD LOANS

• upto --90 days -- overdue NPAs

• 90 days --1 year -- Substandard NPA

• 1 year -- 3 years -- Doubtful NPA

• >> 3 Years -- confirmed NPA/Bad debt NPA

GOVT securities

• Short term -- 1 YEAR

• Medium-term securities----1-5 years

• Long-term securities-- more than 5 years

• Dated securities -- 30 years

• Long term streching -- 50 Years

Agriculture loans time period

• Short -- 6-18 months

• Medium -- upto 18-36 month

• Long -- More then 36 months

FDI Limit

• Agriculture-100%

• Asset Reconstruction Companies--100%

• Civil Aviation--100%

• Commodity Exchanges--49%

• Courier Services--100%

• Credit Information Companies--74%

• Defence--49%(Defence – Raised to 49% from 26%)

• e-commerce B-B --100%

• Insurance--49%

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• Multi Brand Retail--51%

• Pension--26%(Pension – Raised to 49% from 26%)

• Petroleum and Natural Gas--49%

• Power Exchanges--49%

• Print Media--49%

• Private Sector Banks--100%

• Public Sector Banks--20%

• Single Brand Retail--49%

• Special Economic Zones--100%

• Stock Exchanges/Clearing Corporations--49%

• Tea Plantation--100%

• Telecom--100%

• Tourism--100%

# DIGITAL BANKING & APPs

#.STATE BANK OF INDIA

• FORBES LIST MOST POWER WOMEN 2015 -- RANK# 30- Arundhathi bhattacharya

• Forbes-India home to 56 of the world's 2,000 powerful companies

• Fortune 500 companies State Bank of India, ranked- 152

• SBI FINACIAL INCLUSION 2015-16 _

• Country's largest public sector lender SBI has been provided with the maximum capital infusion of Rs

2,970 crore

• SBI and Amazon _ announce a strategic partnership to transform how India shops and sells.

• PAY-PAL__State Bank of India announces partnership with PayPal

• SBI's Micro Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) customers to gain access to PayPal's secure payment

solutions.

• PAY-PAL - CREDIT CARD /*PAY-NET - DEBIT CARD

• Capital Assist Program__ SBI enters into agreement with Snapdeal for Seller Financing under Snapdeal.

• State Bank of India (SBI)--ASSAM & NE states __ will provide finance totalling Rs. 100 crore benefiting

3,000 small tea growers in the North East region soon.

• SBI--contactless debit and credit cards__State Bank of India has launched contactless debit and credit

cards that enable users to make payments by waiving or tapping the card near the card reader instead

of swiping or dipping it, reports Our Bureau.

• SBI-FEDERAL BANK _ Co-branded credit cards __

• Federal Bank & SBI forayed into the credit card segment through the launch of co-branded credit cards

in partnership with SBI Cards, a leading credit card issuer.

• SBI launches RuPay platinum debit card with NPCI_ State Bank of India launched a RuPay platinum

debit card in association with National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI). The RuPay card comes

with a special feature for the convenience of customers that is accepted at all payment channels-ATMs,

PoS and e-commerce.

• SBI- CITI BANK__ Air India may tie up with SBI, Citibank to raise funds through ECB

• SBI-home loan rates for women_ which offer loans to women at 9.85 percent

• SBI-INTOUCH_DIGITAL SERVICE launched in delhi , chennai, bangulure,mumbai.

• SBI- COUNTRY first bank to set-up payment gateways to entire govt entities & small trades in online

market.

• SBI -launched digital banking facilities . e-KYC , tab banking for customers.

• SBI started accounts on_twitter , youtube , facebook

• SBI - CMS info TIE TO SETUP -- 700 atms CMS --deploy (NAUTILAUS HYSOUNG ATMS)

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• SBI touches NPAs -- 27% , 67999 crores

• Programs launched by SBI recently:

• SBI mCash: Enables you to transfer money to anyone by just knowing their mobile number or e-mail ID,

irrespective of whether they bank with SBI or not.

• Quick Transfer: Enables you to send upto Rs. 5000/- to anyone through mobile banking without

registration of beneficiary.

• SBI Quick: Access basic banking services through a simple Missed Call or an SMS.

• Online Overdraft against Fixed Deposit: Provides instant overdraft facility against e-TDR/e-STDR

through Internet Banking.

• Online Loan against shares: This online facility enables you to apply for loan against shares which are

held in your Demat Account of SBI Cap Securities. The whole processing is fully automated and the loan

amount gets credited to your account without any visits to the branch.

• Online Loan Application Portal: A platform to apply forHome/Car/Education/Personal loans. Also

enables you to check your loan eligibility and get instant e-approval.

• Digital Banking Outlets: Experience state-of-the-art digital banking at "sbiINTOUCHLite" branches

already live at select centres. They propose to scale up the numbers during the current year.

• Tie up with m-Commerce/e-Commerce players: The Bank has entered into MoUs with leading e-

commerce players like Amazon & Snapdeal to explore ways to make our shopping experience

smoother and happier. They are running very exciting and attractive cash back deals from time to time.

• SBI e-corners: 24 X 7 facilities to deposit, withdraw, transfer money, update passbook and use host of

other facilities.

• Contactless Debit Card: Enables you to make fast, convenient and secure payment for everyday

purchases by simply tapping your card.

• State Bank Tech Learning Centre: Equips you to take advantage of the latest technology at SBI through

interactive learning programmes held across the country. Also, can view tutorials on various

functionalities by visiting their page on You Tube.

• SBI partners with MakeMyTrip for travel biz In its series of digital initiatives and tie-ups, State Bank of

India, country’s largest bank, partnered with online travel company MakeMyTrip.com to capitalise on

the business opportunities of the booming e-commerce and m-commerce ecosystem.

1.Allahabad Bank

• Allahabad Bank InstaPay Bill Payment

• Akshay Krishi – Kisan Credit Card Scheme, A unique Scheme to provide adequate and timely credit

support under a single window to the farmers for their cultivation and other needs.

• AB Aashiana Scheme allahabad housing scheme --Maximum Amount: Up to Rs 500 Lac.

2.Canara Bank

• Canara Mobile Wallet (m-Wallet)--existing limit of Rs. 5,000/- per day per customer to Rs.

1,00,000/- per day per customer with a monthly cap of Rs. 1,00,000/-

• CanMobile – A mobile banking product to our customers. It is simple, safe, secure, swift and

instant.

• National Unified USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data)--Dial *99#.,Balance Enquiry,

Mini Statement – last 5 transactions, IMPS Funds Transfer (Mobile No. & MMID), IMPS Funds

Transfer (Account No. & IFSC Code), Change M-PIN

3.Andhra Bank

• DOCTOR PLUS – LOANS TO CATER TO THE CREDIT NEEDS OF QUALIFIED MEDICAL PRACTIONERS

INCLUDING DENTAL SURGEONS, PHYSIOTHERAPISTS AND RADIOLOGISTS.

• AB BillPay services

4.Bank of Baroda

• Bobcard BBA cobranded Platinum Credit Card is an attempt to pay gratitude to enduring and

enriching relationship of Bank of Baroda and Bombay Bullion Association over several years.

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• BOB Suvidha Fixed Deposit Scheme__A product offering a combination of competitive interests as

well as easy liquidity. A convenient way of utilising your deposits giving you the best of both, long-

term as well as short-term deposit plans

5.Central Bank of India

• AZADI e-debit card -- independence day issue card

• Cent-lakhpathi scheme by central bank of india

• Women Ent Cell -- women entrenpenur scheme

6.Corporation Bank

• Corp Kiran --target group for all the activities shall be persons from weaker sections of the society.

The Association would enlist support of Banks’ employees / ex-employees, their family members,

NGOs, SHGs, State Governments, District Administration, local bodies etc in project execution.

• corporation bank --APKE DUKAN --LOAN TO OWN A SHOP

• CORPORATION BANK SME credits _Corp Artisans Credit Card

• Corp Weavers Credit Card

• Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (CLCSS)

• Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS)

• Corp Timber Traders Loan

• Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)

• Corp Vanitha Udyog Scheme (CVUS)

• corporation bank tie up MUDRA BANK -- for SME CARDS

7.Bank of India

• boi -- easy pay --for sending & receving money solutions

• Star Laghu Udyami Samekat Loan

• Star SME Liquid Plus

• BOI Star Vyapar

• BOI Star Yuva Account

• BOI Star Mahila SB Account

• BOI Star Senior Citizen SB Account

• BOI Star Gurukul SB Account

• BOI Salary Plus Account Scheme

• Star Suraksha SB Plus Account 8.Dena Bank

• DENA e TRADE (On Line Trading in shares)

• Dena MConnect the convenient and secure way to conduct banking transaction in your account

using your mobile handset

• Dena Laxmi Shiksha Protsahan Yojana

• Credit facilities to Minority Communities - 121 Minority Concentrated Districts

9.Bank of Maharashtra

• MAHA mobile banking

• Bank of Maharashtra Introduces “Purple Privileges” Account for HNIs

• Mahabank Parivar participated in “ RUN FOR UNITY”

• Bank of Maharashtra paid Rs.67.87 Cr dividend to Govt. of India

10.ECGC

• Smt. Geetha Muralidhar appointed as New Chairman cum Managing Director of ECGC Limited

• Hon’ble Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Commerce and Industry visit to ECGC Head

office at Mumbai on 07-03-2015

• ECGC Ltd. handed over a Claim Cheque to PNB on account of M/s Veetee Fine Foods Ltd.

• Shield for Excellent Official Language Implementation by Ministry of Commerce during 2013-14

• Indira Gandhi Rajbhasha Award 2013-14

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• Shri N. Shankar, Chairman-cum-Managing Director, ECGC Ltd. has demitted the office of CMD, on

18-10-2014 on completion of his 3 years tenure.

• ECGC is in process of seeking ‘online’ feedback regarding its services from the exporter clients.

Policy holders may kindly contact the nearest branch office of ECGC

• ECGC signs MOU with ECAs of BRICS countries

11.Bharatiya Mahila Bank

• Bharatiya Mahila Bank wins The Asian Banker Achievement Award 2015

• Bharatiya Mahila Bank Opens 75th And 76th Branch

• Bharatiya Mahila Bank inaugurates its Gold branch in Mysore

• Bharatiya Mahila Bank Launches ‘Doctor’s Loan’ and ‘Her Auto Loan’

• Bharatiya Mahila Bank – Bharatiya Yuva Shakti Trust MoU to promote young entrepreneurs

• Bharatiya Mahila Bank recently soft launched two rural branches - one branch in Raja Ulatu, Ranchi

District, Jharkhand

• BMB Sponsors ABAHONI Artisans Crafts Bazaar And Handloom Expo 2015

• BMB annpoorna -- catering service loans

• BMB parvrish -- central baby care loan

• BMB sarswathi -- for girl child education loan

• BMB sringaar -- beauty parlour loan

12.EXIM Bank

• EXIM Bank Announces the Winner of IERA 2014

• EXIM Bank co-promotes a Project Development Company in Africa

• Exim Bank of India has signed an MOU with the Brazilian Development Bank

• Exim Bank of India along with other member Development Banks of BRICS Nations signed an

agreement expressing their intent to cooperate with the New Development Bank

• Exim Bank announces 27th edition of its International Economic Research Award 13.IDBI Bank

• IDBI "GO mobile " BANKING

• Jeevan Pramaan Yojna - Digital Life

• MoU with FICCI-CMSME for extending MSE loans

14.Syndicate Bank

• SYND SMART GEN -- small account for childrens education

• SYND SMART she -- saving products for women

• SYND SME -- for small and medium micro loans

• SYND jewellers -- for gold jewleers bussiness people

15.Indian Bank

• e-Purse DEBIT CARDS

• INDPAY -- MOBILE BANKING 16.UCO Bank

• UCO Bank has been awarded 1st Prize in the category of Best Bank for operational performance for

2014.

• UCO BANK RANK's 7th in large banks category in India's Best Banks: 2014 rankings by BT-KPMG

• ‘UCO YATRA LOAN SCHEME’--To meet the expenses (like airfare/Train/Bus charges,expenses for

accommodation, sight-seeing, etc.) forgoing for pilgrimage/tours/excursions/medical treatment

etc.

17.Indian Overseas Bank

• IOB is proud to Launch IOB mPassbook, IOB Mobile and IOB Self Passbook Kiosk-- ON august 15th

2015 18.Union Bank of India

• UMOBILE- a milestone in banking field- provides the customers a secure and convenient means of

banking and commerce from anywhere anytime

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• Kisan ATMs in rural areas to serve the customers of our remote rural branches.

19.Oriental Bank of Commerce

• Mobile Banking- "OBCmPAY"

• OBC --PMEGP e-Tracking System

• Tied up with canara bank , hsbc for insurance products

• OBC e-Shoppe--online shopping and other utility payments through various consolidators.

20 .United Bank of India

• UNITED MBANKING -- Mobile banking facility

• United quick pay -- e banking facility

21.Punjab National Bank

• PNB is having its representative offices in Dubai (UAE), Sydney (Australia) and Shanghai

• (China). Bank has got permission for opening or representative offices in Dhaka (Bangladesh) and

Yangon (Myanmar).

• Bank is looking forward to upgrade its Representative Office in Australia to full fledged branch.

• Bank has three overseas subsidiaries viz. PNB International limited in UK with 7 branches, JSC

• SB PNB Kazakhstan with 4 branches and Druk PNB Bank Ltd, Bhutan with 6 branches.

• Bank has a Joint Venture in Nepal with Everest Bank Ltd.

• Bank is also exploring possibilities for establishing its presence in Sri Lanka, Mozambique, Brazil and

South Africa.

• Bank has launched ‘PNB Ladli’ scheme for popularization of education among girls of Rural / Semi

urban areas.

• Bank has also launched ‘PNB Asha Kiran’ to accelerate pace of women empowerment and

development in rural areas

• PNB Ujala Scheme for providing 4 solar street lights in the

• adopted villages and a solar lantern to each girl student adopted under PNB Ladli Scheme

22.Vijaya Bank

• V Genuth Savings Bank Account--Saving Bank account designed for Children - Age day 1 and above.

Students undergoing various courses are also eligible

• Account can be opened with minimum initial deposit of Rs.10/- and can continue with Zero balance

• Cheque book and withdrawal facility provided for children above twelve years

• V-ABACUS’ Tab Banking offers the convenience of opening a bank account for customer, from

home or office. With ABACUS Tab Banking, customer can now enjoy a faster and smoother account

opening experience with VIJAYA Bank

23.Punjab & Sind Bank

• PSB Kisan Suvida Scheme (PSB KSS)

• Punjab & Sind Bank has launched the e-KYC Service

• Launch of IMPS Facility in PSB Mobile Banking Services

• Introduction of Punjab and Sind Bank MasterCard –ATM cum Debit Card

• PPF AND SENIOR CITIZEN SAVING SCHEME

• LIST OF BRANCHES NOMINATED FOR PPF AND SENIOR CITIZEN SAVING SCHEME

• HOUSING LOANS:SWITCH OVER TO PRESENT LOWER RATE OF INTEREST

• DOCTORS SPECIAL LOAN SCHEME

• SUKHMONEY SCHEME FOR SENIOR CITIZENS- REVERSE MORTAGE CONCEPT #Children Special Bank Accounts

• Pehli UdaanSaving Account -- SBI

• Pehla Kadam Saving Account--SBI

• CANARA JUNIOR SAVING ACCOUNT --Minor Students above the age of 10 years

• Gen-Next Junior --Bank of baroda -Children upto 18 years of age.

• BOI STAR YUVA ACCOUNT--Age group 21-35 years

• Juniour syndian -- tommarow millioners -- syndicate bank-- BELOW 18 YEARS

15 | P a g e


• Synd balasakthi -- for minor children above age group -10 years

• Smart Star Saving Account-- ICICI Bank

• Future Star Saving Account-Axis Bank

• Zing Saving Account--ING Vysya Bank

• My First Yes Account--Yes Bank

• Kids Advantage Account--HDFC Bank

• My Junior Account--Kotak Mahindra Bank

• Power Kidz Account ---IDBI

• Young Champ Saving Account--Federal Bank

TYPES & Various kinds of ATM

1. Handheld ATMS--Used in remote areas-DENA bank introduced in GUJRAT

2. Mini ATMs POS enabled --service with CASH-IN CASH -OUT through IMPS --used for pensions , govt

schemes , PDS public distributed system

3. MICRO ATMs--Used by Bussiness coresspondants ,BC handle physically

4. BIO-METRIC ATMs--Rural areas , Used by govt of india --for DBT (direct benefit transfer), MNREGA

scheme

5. On site ATM -within the premises of bank

6. Off site ATM - Outside the bank premises

7. White Label ATM - Provided by NBFC

8. Green Label ATM - Provided for Agricultural Transaction

9. Orange Label ATM - Provided for Share Transactions

10. Yellow Label ATM - provided for E-commerce

11. PINK label ATM---women banking

12. BROWN label ATM-- ATM are those Automated Teller Machines where hardware and the lease of

the ATM machine is owned by a service provider--but cash management and connectivity to

banking networks is provided by a sponsor bank

LATEST CARDS BY BANKS

• Airtel money - AXIS BANK + AIRTEL

• Federal bank --Federal Bank introduces Online Religious Offering facility

• E-Wallet - IRCTC

• Facebook-based funds transfer platform “KayPay” - Kotak Mahindra Bank

• First home grown INDEX "COMPOSITE INDEX" - SBI

• India’s first” transparent credit card “in association with American Express - ICICI

• India's first credit card exclusively for GOLF LOVERS - RBL Bank

• Instant money transfer - BOI

• Instant Money Transfer (IMT) - Bank of India

• Maha Millionaire”, “Maha Lakhpati” - Bank of Maharashtra

• BINGO CARD -- BANK OF INDIA ---STUDENTS Exclusively for students , The Master BINGO Card can

be issued to youth between the ages of 15 years to 25years

• Star Vidya Card --BANK OF INDIA This is also a proprietary card exclusively given to students who

are studying

• M-Wallet - Canara Bank

• Indusind & federal bank --Video conferencing banking

• IndPay - Mobile App Indian Bank

• Ping n pay- axis bank

• Tatkal – sbi

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Latest APPs by Banks

STATE BANK OF INDIA

• SBI- BUDDY

• Youth for India Fellow ship program

• Twitter handle account

• Tab banking facility

• E-Forex

• E-KYC

• State Bank Freedom App - State Bank of India

• Boutique financing scheme

• SBI -any where -- retail banking solutions

• SBI m-CASH -- quick way money ransfer solutions

• SBI--PAY-PAL - CREDIT CARD & PAY-NET - DEBIT CARD

• SBI--contactless debit and credit cards

• SBI-FEDERAL BANK _ Co-branded credit cards

• SBI mCash-Enables you to transfer money to anyone by just knowing their mobile number or e-mail

ID

• State Bank Foreign Travel Card is a prepaid Foreign Currency card that makes your foreign trip

trouble-free and convenient. It is a Chip based Card which stores encrypted and confidential

information. It offers you a convenient and secure way to carry cash anywhere in the world (valid

worldwide except in India, Nepal and Bhutan). State Bank Foreign Travel Card is available in eight

Foreign Currencies viz. US Dollars (USD), Pound Sterling (GBP), Euro (EUR), Canadian Dollar (CAD),

Australian Dollar (AUD), Japanese Yen (YEN), Saudi Riyal (SAR) and Singapore Dollar (SGD). We will

shortly be adding UAE Dirham (AED), Thai Baht (THB) Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) and Malaysian Ringgit

(MYR).

• sbiINTOUCHLite--Digital Banking Outlets

• SBI e-corners24 X 7--facilities to deposit, withdraw, transfer money, update passbook and use host

of other facilities

• Haj pilgrims from India will be provided State Bank of India's (SBI) foreign travel cards that can be

operated in any ATMs or cash points in Saudi Arabia

• SBI-Quick -- Missed call banking

• SBI Quick Transfer: Enables you to send upto Rs. 5000

ICICI

• ICICI--Smart vault --safety locker system

• Digital banking "POCKETs"

• Student travel card

• m -pesa - icici+vodafone

• I-Mobile app for windows phone

• EMI ON DEBIT CARD - ICICI BANK

• Digital village akodara--gujarat

• Branch on wheel --Odisha

• Speech recognization password

• ICICI --TAP & PAY --it transfer with moment or payments out of cash

HDFC

• HDFC --- launched a 10 second paperless instant loan plan

• HDFC Bank launches PayZapp--- first 1-click mobile-pay solution

• HDFC -- secure + -- high secuity & safe cards

• HDFC-- i watch banking -apple

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• DDA Housing Scheme 2014 - HDFC Bank

• HDFC --Hajj Umrah Card-- HAJJ piligrims

• HDFC Bank Limited has launched an exclusive 'ForexPlus' card for people making the Haj and Umrah

pilgrimages

• HDFC Bank launches Chillr -- phone book can send immediate money

AXIS

• ASHA home loan -- online loan access upto 25lakhs

• AXIS kisan card -- CREDIT to farmers

BANK NAME CMD HEADQUARTER TAGLINE

StateBank of India Arundhati

Bhattacharya

(Chairman)

Mumbai The banker to every Indian.

State Bank of Bikaner &

Jaipur

Jyoti Ghosh ,MD Jaipur The Nation banks on us.

State Bank of

Hyderabad

Santanu

Mukherjee,MD

Hyderabad Modern.Innovative.Dependable

State Bank of Patiala S. A. Ramesh

Rangan,MD

Patiala Blending Modernity with

Tradition

State Bank of Mysore Sharad Sharma,MD Bengaluru Working for a better

tommorow.

State Bank of

Travancore

Jeevandas

Narayan,MD

Thiruvananthap

uram

A long tradition of trust.

Nationalised Banks BANK NAME CMD HEADQUARTER TAGLINE

Allahabad Bank Rakesh Sethi Kolkata A tradition of trust.

Andhra Bank Satish Kumar Karla

(Additional charge)

Hyderabad Where India Banks

Bank of Baroda P.S .Jaykumar Vadodara,Gujarat India's International

Bank.

Bank of India Melwyn O Rego Mumbai Relationship beyond

banking.

Bank of Maharastra Sushil Muhnot Pune One family One Bank.

Canara Bank Rakesh Sharama Bangalore Together we can.

Central Bank of India Rajeev Rishi Mumbai Central to you since

1911.

Corporation Bank Sadhu ram Bansal Mangalore,Karnataka Prosperity for all

Dena Bank Ashwini Kumar Mumbai Trusted Family Bank

Indian Bank Mahesh Kumar

Jain(Additional charge)

Chennai Your Tech Friendly Bank

Indian Overseas Bank R.Koteeswaran Chennai Good people to grow

with

Oriental Bank of

Commerce

Animesh Chauhan Gurgaon,Haryana Where every individual

is commited

BANK NAME

CMD HEADQUARTER TAGLINE

Punjab & Sind Bank S.Jatinder bir singh New Delhi Where service is a way

18 | P a g e


of life

Punjab National bank Usha

Ananthasubramaniyam

New Delhi The name you can bank

upon

Syndicate Bank Arun Shrivastava Manipal,Karnataka Faithful and Friendly

UCO Bank Arun Kaul Kolkata Honours Your trust

Union Bank of India Arun Tiwari Mumbai Good people to bank

with

United bank of India P.Srinivas Kolkata The bank that begins

with u

Vijaya Bank Kishore kumar sansai Bangalore A friend u can bank

upon

Bharatiya Mahila Bank Usha

Ananthasubramanian

New Delhi Empowering Women,

Empowering India.

IDBI Bank Kishore piraji kharat Mumbai Banking for all”AAo Sochein Bada”

NABARD Harsh Kumar Bhanwala Mumbai Revitalizing rural India

through urban support

Exim Bank Yaduvendra Mathur Mumbai Together towards

Tomorrow.

ECGC Geetha Muralidhar Mumbai You Focus on

Exports.We cover the

risks.

Private Sector Banks BANK NAME Chairman MD&CEO HEADQUARTER TAGLINE

Axis Bank Sanjiv Misra Shikha Sharma Mumbai Badhti ka naam

Zindagi

ICICI Bank Chanda Kochhar Mumbai Hum Hai

Na,Khyal Apka

YES Bank Rana Kapoor Mumbai Experience our

expertise

HDFC Bank Aditya Puri Mumbai We understand

your world

IndusInd Bank R.Seshasayee Romesh Sobti Mumbai We make u feel

richer

Kotak Mahindra

Bank

Uday Kotak Mumbai Lets make

money simple

Catholic Syrian

Bank

S.SanthanKrishnan Anand

Krishnamurthy

Thrissur,Kerala Support all the

way.

City Union Bank N.Kamakodi Kumbakonam Trust and

Excellence since

1904

Dhanlaxmi Bank T.Y.Prabhu G.Sreeram Thrissur,Kerala Tann.Mann.Dhan

Federal Bank Abraham Koshy Shyam

Srinivasan

Kerala Your perfect

Banking Partner

Jammu&Kashmir

Bank

Mushtaq Ahmad Mushtaq Ahmad Srinagar,J&K Serving to

Empower

Karnataka Bank P Jayarama Bhat Mangaluru,karnataka Your Family Bank

across India

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Karur Vysya Bank Katta Pradyumna

kumar

K.Venkataraman Karur Smart way to

Bank

Lakshmi Vilas

Bank

Rakesh Sharma Karur The changing

face of

prosperity

Nainital Bank Suresh Kumar

Gupta

Suresh Kumar

Gupta

Nainital,Uttarakhand Banking with

personal touch

Ratnakar Bank Vishwavir Ahuja Kolhapur,Maharashtra

South Indian

Bank

V.G.Mathew Thrissur,Kerala Experience next

generation

Banking

Tamilnad

Mercantile Bank

HS Upendra

Kamath

HS Upendra

Kamath

Tuticorin Be a step ahead

of life

#MACROECONOMICS

NATIONAL INCOME

* National income first time coined by -- Dadabai nauarji --1868

* First time scientific national income calcuated by --V.K.R.V.Rao-1931

National income is a flow not a stock concept

In india ,national income estimates are realted with financial year

(1st april to 31st march)

GNP (Gross national product) _

GNP refers to the money value of total output or production of final goods and service produced by the

national income during a given period ,i.e ayear

GNP = GDP +(X-M)* , X= export, GDP=Gross domestic product , M= import

* If export = import or X=M , then GNP = GDP and it is a condition for a closed economy X=M=0 GDP(Gross

domestic product) - It is the total money value of all goods and service produced with in the

geographical boundaries of the country during a given year

GDP = GNP -(X-M)

NNP net national income _ NNP is obtained by substracting depreciation value from GNP

NNP = GNP - depreciation*

When NNP is obtained at factor cost , it is known as national income

NATIONAL INCOME (NI)-- National income is calculated by substracting the net indirect taxes form NNP at

market prices

NNP at Factor cost or NI --NNP at Market prices - indirect taxes + subsidie

NNP at Market prices --NNP at fator cost + indirect taxes - subsidies

GNP at Market prices --GDP at market prices + NET factor income earned from abroad

NNP at Market prices --GNP at market prices - consumption of fixed capital

Per capital income _N.I.at constant prices / population *

National income estmates by various departments & established as per time sense 1. Dept of commerce --1945-46

2. National income committee-- p.c.mahalnobis

3. CSO central statstics office --1951

4. ISI - Indian statistical instution-- 1950

5. NSSO -- national sample survey organisation--1956

6. NCAER-- National council for applied economic research --1956

7. DES -- directorate of economics & statisctics--1956

8. ASI -- annual survey of insustries – 1980

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INFLATION

"General increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money"

at the time of inflation_

• National income > Economy

• Demand > Supply

• Buyers > Sellers

• Moneysupply > Goods & Services

* Note _ It is opposite applicable to Deflation

Inflation gap _ short term as well as long term

Deflation gap _ short term as well as long term gap

* Short term _ Will boost for both buyers , sellers benefits for short term inflation

Long term -- faces more problem

Inflation measurement _

* It was measured by ministry of statictics and program implementation --CSO

RATES

• 0-3% -- Creeping infaltion

• 3-7% -- Walking inflation

• 7-9% -- Running inflation

• >10% -- Hyper infaltion

• *NOTE _ 4% of infaltion called -- comfort zone inflation(CZI)*

Methods to measure inflation_

1. METHOD-1_

CPI & WPI -- CPI -- Basket of 576 items __ average of consumer goods

WPI -- Basket of 678 items _ Average of consumer goods + capital goods

2.METHOD-2 _

Comparison method or base year method -- comparing the present goods value with the base year value

goods

3.METHOD-3 _

Inflation rate method :

(Pin)- (Pin-1)/(PIN-1)

-->(Pin-1)-- previous year (2014-15)--100 value

--> Pin -- present year (2015-16)--200 value

200-100/100*100-- 100% raise

• Deflation--is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.

• Disflation--is a decrease in the rate of inflation – a slowdown in the rate of increase of the general price

level of goods and services in a nation's gross domestic product over time

• Reflation-- is the act of stimulating the economy by increasing the money supply or by reducing taxes,

seeking to bring the economy,back up to the long-term trend

• Stag flation-- is a situation in which the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows down,

and unemployment remains steadily high.

• Depression --is a sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or more economies

• Recession--temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced,

generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive

• Cost-push Inflation- General prices of goods and services in the economy rises due to an increase in

production cost. Such types of Inflation are caused by three factors (i) an increase in wages, (ii) an

increase in profit and (iii) imposition of heavy tax.

• Demand- pull inflation -The most common cause of inflation is the pressure of ever-rising demand on a

less rapidly increasing supply of goods and services. The expansion in aggregate demand may be the

21 | P a g e


result of rapidly increasing private investment and/or spending government money for war or for

economic development.

VARIOUS TYPES OF INFLATION WHICH MAKES ECONOMY UPs/down from various sector

1. Demand pull inflation

2. cost push inflation

3. Mixed inflation ->Demand pull inflation+cost push inflation

4. profit pull inflation

5. Suppressed inflation

6. open infaltion

7. partial or semi infaltion

8. structural inflation or bottle neck inflation or instutuional inflation

9. Mark up inflation

10. demand transfer inflation or sector wise inflation

11. core inflation or agflation

Reasons for inflation --Capital formation, defecit finance, Devalution, problems & scarcity of other areas,

future market, black money, food inflation, easy money

Agriculture • Agriculture comes under primary sector like agriculture , forestry , fisheries , farming ,grazing,

extracting of oil & gas , mining , quarrying ,hunting , gathering etc are all comes under primary

sector .

• Primary sector contributes --65% labour work force , 21% in earning for indian economy

• share of agriculture in national income -- 14.3 % of gdp

Agricultural crops divided based on seasons_

• KHARIF -- sown around April & harvesting begins October

• KHARIF Crops:millet and rice Maize ,Mung bean (green gram) ,Urad bean (black gram)

• RABI --sown around mid-November & harvesting begins in April/May

• Rabi Crops: Wheat, mustard,barley,Maize ,Gram ,Onion ,Tomato Potato ,Oat

Agricultural crops divided into 2 groups

• Food grains _ Wheat, rice , jowar , bajra, maize, pulses

• Non- food grains _include cash crops like oil seeds , sugar cane cotton , jute etc

*Commerical crops -- cotton , sugar , jute , tea, coffee

Money

Concept of money belongs to the demand since buyers having demand.

money came from word " JUNTO MANTO "-- Roman

* money should be minted in proportional to goods

if MS > GS ( money supply grater than goods supply prices leads inflation

Money market

Money refers to the mechanism where by borrowers manage to obtian shortterm loanable funds on the

one hand and lenders succed in getting credit worthy borrowers for their money on the other .

Money market basic things

BUYERS > SELLERS

DEMAND > SUPPLY

Nature of money

• Nature of money in the economic system available in the form of .

• Buyers , popluation , demand , money supply , national income , aggregate demand

22 | P a g e


• Money supply in india maninly consitutue with

• RBI + GOI + BANKS

• RBI -- has capability to printing currency -- through legal tender method

• GOI-- lower money printed by minister of finance

• BANKS-- they are supply agency , and having velocity power since they having capacity having

deposit money

DEFECIT FINANCE -- "Minting of currency beyond the limit is named as defecit currecny "

Money evalution

1.barter system -- exchange the items

2.goods as money -- echange of goods w.r.t to money .. sheeps , cloths , dice , elephant tusk

3.metal as money -- coins , gold ,silver ,copper, nickel alloy metal money

paper currency -- paper currency that is circulated for transaction-related purposes. The printing of paper

money is typically regulated by a country's central bank/treasury in order to keep the flow of money in line

with monetary policy.

concept of money

Hot money ---Money which swifts from one country to another country in order to upgrade itself is called

as hot money

FIAT MONEY -- Fiat money is money that can be used as tender but does not have a physical commodity,

such as gold or silver, linked to it, *extrinsic value > intrinsic value

NEAR MONEY

assets which can readily be converted into cash, such as bills of exchange.

CALL MONEY

money loaned by a bank or other institution which is repayable on demand.

DEAR MONEY or tight money

A situation in which money or loans are very difficult to obtain in a given country. If you do have the

opportunity to secure a loan, then interest rates are usually extremely high

CHEAP MONEY--loan or credit with a low interest rate, or the setting of low interest rates by a central bank

PRECAUTIONARY MONEY

unexpected financial crisis economic situation , keep people to save gold with themselves called as

precautionary money

NETRUAL MONEY

if an economy is having , the capacity to maintian steady price for longer period , named as netrual money

* GS == MS ( goods suppy = money supply)

DEPOSIT MONEY

the money which is maintianed by the banks named as deposit money also calleda s creadit agencies

*example -- DFIs, commerical banks , coperatives , RRBs , NBFCs

SMART MONEY

The process by which experienced investors and traders who tend to evaluate and find investment

opportunities before anyone is known

credit cards , debit card, cash card

PLASTIC MONEY--Plastic money is a term that is used predominantly in reference to the hard plastic cards

we use everyday in place of actual bank notes. They can come in many different forms such as cash cards,

credit cards, debit cards, pre-paid cash cards and store cards.

RESERVE MONEY

It is a measure of money multiplier. Money multiplier shows the mechanism by which reserve money

creates money supply in the economy. It is again dependent on two variables, namely currency deposit

ratio and reserve deposit ratio.

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STANDARD MONEY - Monetary unit which is designated by a government to serve as the basis of its

currency system and into which other types of money in the country are convertible& compare standard of

value.

* intrinsic value = extrinsic value

INDIA COINAGE ACT -- FOR printing of coins

• indian coinage age act -- 1906



INDIAN COINAGE ACT -2011 was passed by the loksabha on march 25 , 2011

the bill amalgamte th efollowing 4 acts and one ordiance

1. The indian coinage act - 1906

2. The small coins (offence ) act -1971

3. The metal token act -1889

4. The bronze coin (legal tender ) act -1918

5. The cuurency ordiance act -- 1940

MINIMUM RESERVE SYSTEM_

Currency with the Public:

i. Ac-cording to the modem economic thinking the magnitude of currency issued should be determined

by the monetary needs of the economy and not by the available reserves of gold and silver. As in other

developed countries, since 1957 Reserve Bank of India follows Minimum Reserve System of issuing

currency.

ii. Under this system, minimum reserves of Rs. 200 crores of gold and other approved securities gold --

115 crores / currency -- 85 crores .

TYPES OF MONEY SUPPLY

1. M0-- Reservemoney/ govt money/ base money/high power money/momey multiplier

2. M0 = C + OD + CR

C= currency in circulation

OD = other deposits with RBI

CR = CASH RESERVE RATIO with RBI

3. M1-- Narrow money/ high circulated money/ high liquidity money

M1 = C + DD + OD

C= Currency in circualtion

DD = demand deposits == CD(current deposits ) + SD(saving deposits)

OD = other deposits with RBI

4. M2 = M1 + Post office savings as deposits (DD)

5. M3 = M1 + TD time deposits (TD = RD(recurring deposits ) + FD(fixed deposits)

6. M4 = M3 + POST OFFICE DEPOSITS

NM1/NM2/NM3-- REVISED money

• NM1 = C+ OD + DD

• NM2= NM1 + STD(short ter deposits )

• NM3= NM2 + long term deposits + call money

New calculations

• L1 = NM3 + All deposits with post offices (NSC) national saving scheme

• L2 = L1 + Term deposits of lending institutions + term borrowings of lending insutuions + CD issued by

financial institutions

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• L3 = L2 + NBFCs Deposits

#Banking Banking is the base for 2 sector model of indian economy

Economic vehicle = GDS( gross domestic savings ) + GDI ( gross domestic investments)

Economic vehicle is balanced by -- banking under the indian money market the RBI occupies the central position because it regulates and controls the

credit supply of the country . indian money market divided into 2 parts

1.organised sector

2.unorganised sector

Organised sector includes = state bank of india + associates + 19 nationalised banks + RRBs + cooperative

banks + NGOs + other banks

unorganised sector includes _ money lenders + indigenous bankers

Reserve bank of india

Establishment

• The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1, 1935 in accordance with the provisions of the

Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

• The Central Office of the Reserve Bank was initially established in Calcutta but was permanently

moved to Mumbai in 1937.

• Though originally privately owned, since nationalisation in 1949, the Reserve Bank is fully owned by

the Government of India.

• The Reserve Bank's affairs are governed by a central board of directors. The board is appointed by

the Government of India in keeping with the Reserve Bank of India Act.

Appointed/nominated for a period of four years Constitution:

Official Directors_Full-time : Governor and not more than four Deputy Governors

Governor--Dr. Raghuram Rajan*

Deputy Governor_

1. Shri H.R. Khan

2. Dr. Urjit R. Patel

3. Shri R. Gandhi

4. Shri S. S. Mundra

Non-Official Directors -- 11 total recently added = rajiv mehrishi + hasmukh adhia

Nominated by Government: ten Directors from various fields and one government Official

Others: four Directors - one each from four local board

Financial Supervision

The Reserve Bank of India performs this function under the guidance of the Board for Financial Supervision

(BFS). The Board was constituted in November 1994 as a committee of the Central Board of Directors of

the Reserve Bank of India.

Objective

Primary objective of BFS is to undertake consolidated supervision of the financial sector comprising

commercial banks, financial institutions and non-banking finance companies.

I. Acts administered by Reserve Bank of India

1. Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934

2. Public Debt Act, 1944/Government Securities Act, 2006

3. Government Securities Regulations, 2007

4. Banking Regulation Act, 1949

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5. Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999

6. Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act,

2002 (Chapter II)

7. Credit Information Companies(Regulation) Act, 2005

8. Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007

9. Payment and Settlement Systems Regulations, 2008 and Amended up to 2011 and BPSS

Regulations, 2008

10. The Payment and Settlement Systems (Amendment) Act, 2015 - No. 18 of 2015

11. Factoring Regulation Act, 2011

II. Other relevant Acts

1. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

2. Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891

3. State Bank of India Act, 1955

4. Companies Act, 1956/ Companies Act, 2013

5. Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956

6. State Bank of India Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959

7. Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961

8. Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970

9. Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976

10. Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980

11. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981

12. National Housing Bank Act, 1987

13. Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993

14. Competition Act, 2002

15. Indian Coinage Act, 2011 : Governs currency and coins

16. Banking Secrecy Act

17. The Industrial Development Bank (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 2003

18. The Industrial Finance Corporation (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 1993

Main Functions

Monetary Authority:

• Formulates, implements and monitors the monetary policy.

• Objective: maintaining price stability and ensuring adequate flow of credit to productive sectors.

• Regulator and supervisor of the financial system:

• Prescribes broad parameters of banking operations within which the country's banking and

financial system functions.

• Objective: maintain public confidence in the system, protect depositors' interest and provide cost-

effective banking services to the public.

• Manager of Foreign Exchange

• Manages the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.

• Objective: to facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly development and

maintenance of foreign exchange market in India.

Issuer of currency:

Issues and exchanges or destroys currency and coins not fit for circulation.

Objective: to give the public adequate quantity of supplies of currency notes and coins and in good quality.

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Developmental role

• Performs a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives.

• Related Functions

• Banker to the Government: performs merchant banking function for the central and the state

governments; also acts as their banker.

• Banker to banks: maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks.

Offices

Has 19 regional offices, most of them in state capitals and 9 Sub-offices.

Training Establishments

Has five training establishments

Two, namely

1. College of Agricultural Banking and Reserve Bank of India

2. Staff College are part of the Reserve Bank

Others are autonomous_

3. National Institute for Bank Management

4. Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Research (IGIDR)

5. Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT)

Quantative & Qualitative credit control

I. quantative credit control is to establish control over the total quantitiy of credit in the country.

II. qualitative credit control the central bank takes the help of bank rate , open market operations ,

SLR , CRR , rationing of credit , regualtion of consumer credit , moral suasion , variation in margin

requirement

RATES INTRODUCED in the years, repo rate -- 1992, revers repo rate -- 1996, bank rate --1934, LAF - 1999

Bank Rate: Bank rate is the rate at which the RBI is prepared to buy or rediscount eligible bills of exchange

or other commercial papers. In simple words, bank rate is the rate at which RBI extends advices (Credit) to

commercial banks. A change in the bank rate will result in a change in the prime lending rate of banks and

thus act as an independent instrument of monetary control.

Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): Cash reserve ratio is the cash parked by the banks in their specified current

account maintained with RBI. In other words, it is the percentage of deposit (both demand and time

deposit) which a bank has to keep with the RBI. RBI is empowered to vary the CRR between 3% to 15%. The

purpose of reducing CRR is to leave large cash reserve with banks so as to enable them to expand bank

credit. Similarly increasing of CRR means squeezing the cash reserve of the banks and limits their credit

providing capacity

Statutory liquidity Ratio (SLR): Statutory liquidity ratio is the liquid assets commercial banks maintain with

the RBI in the form of cash (book value), gold (current market value) and balances in unencumbered

approved securities. At present SLR is 21.50% of the total demand and time deposit liabilities of the bank.

However, RBI can change SLR from time to time. Both CRR and SLR reduce or increase the capacity to

expand credit to business and industry. Thus both of these are anti-inflationary.

# MONEY MARKET Open Market Operations (OMO): The buying and selling of eligible securities in the money market by RBI

for the purpose of curtailing or expanding the volume of credit. By selling securities the RBI can absorb

funds, and buying the securities can release funds also into the market. The purpose of OMO is to influence

the volume of cash reserves with the commercial banks and thus influence the volume of loans and

advances they can make to the industrial and commercial sector.

1. Selective Credit Controls: Under the Banking Regulation Act 1949, section 21 empowers RBI to

issue directives to the banking companies regarding their advance in order to check speculation and

rising prices. The controls are selective as they are used to control and check the rising tendency of

price and hording of certain individual commodities of common use. However, while imposing

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selective control, RBI takes care that bank credit for production and transportation of commodities

and exports is not affected. These are mainly focused on credit to traders who use such credit for

financing hoarding and speculation. Since 1956-57 RBI is employing this method.

2. Prime Lending Rate (PLR): It is rate of interest of which commercial banks lend to their prime high

profile blue chip corporate borrowers. (From 1990’s banks are free to determine PLR).

3. Repo Rate: Repurchasing option is traded in this market for a short time periods. Repo is

Repurchasing by RBI.

4. Priority Sector Lending: It is lending to some particular sector at lower interest rate. RBI orders all

public sector banks to give 18% of credit to priority sector.

5. Market Stabilization Scheme: It is a scheme under which RBI buys and sells Government of India

securities in order to control liquidity.

6. Money in Circulation: Money in use to finance current transactions as distinct from idle money.

7. Investment Bank: A Bank that provides long term fixed capital for industry, generally by taking up

shares in limited companies.

8. Regional Rural Bank: It was established in 1975 under the provision of RRB Act 1976, with a view to

develop rural economy.

9. Lead Banking Scheme: Under this scheme all the nationalized banks and few private sector banks

were allowed specially and were asked to play the “Lead Role”. The lead banks act as a leader to

bring about co-ordination of cooperative banks, commercial banks and other financial institutions

in their respective demises to bring about rapid economic development.

10. Call Money: It is a loan that is made for a very short period i.e. for a few days only or for duration of

a week. It carries a low rate of interest. In case of a stock exchange market, the duration of call

money may be for a fortnight.

11. LIBOR: London Inter- Bank Offered Rate. An interest rate at which banks can bestow funds, in

marketable size, from other banks in London interbank market.

12. MIBOR: Mumbai Inter Banking Operative Rate.

13. Capital Deepening: It occurs when capital to LIBOR ratio increase in a country, it helps in economic

development of the country.

14. BASEL II: This norms assess the need for risk capital and replaces the minimum 9% capital adequacy

norm under BASEL-I. BASEL II enables greater transparency and banks will evaluate themselves.

15. CAMELS: Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings Liquidity and Systems.

16. Capital Adequacy Ratio: It is the ratio of total capital fund of a bank to its risk weighted assets. It is

an indicator of banks financial health.

17. Asset Reconstruction Company: Takes over the NPA of banks or financial institutions at cheaper

rate, reconstruct it and sells it and makes profit out of it. This helps in clearing the balance sheet of

banks.

18. Universal Banking: It is a banking scheme given by Khan Committee according to which conduction

of all financial activities under one roof by a bank or financial institution. In other words, this means

integration of roles of bank and other development banks.

19. Service Area Approach: Under this scheme, branches of commercial banks were allotted certain

specific semi-urban and rural areas. These branches were made more responsible for overall

development of prescribed areas. It was implemented in 1989.

20. Merchant Banking: It is an activity under which a bank take up portfolio management (Banks

advising their clients about management of fund) as well as banker to the issue of the company.

21. Urban co-operative bank --Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) though not formally defined, refers to

primary cooperative banks located in urban and semi-urban areas. These banks, till 1996, were

allowed to lend money only for non-agricultural purposes. This distinction does not hold today.

These banks were traditionally centered around communities, localities work place groups. They

essentially lent to small borrowers and businesses

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22. Land development bank--The special banks providing Long Term Loans are called Land

Development Banks, in the short, LDB.The history of LDB is quite old. The first LDB was started at

Jhang in Punjab in 1920. This bank is also based on Co-operative. The main objective of the LDB's

are to promote the development of land, agriculture and increase the agricultural production. The

LDBs provide long-term finance to members directly through their branches.

23. Greshem’s Law: Bed money (Black Money) pushes good money (White Money) out of circulation.

24. Bank of International Settlement: Based in Switzerland, gives the statement of international

monetary transactions. It is the one which gives CAMELS, BASEL.

# CAPITAL MARKETS -- SEBI(Regualted )

SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India. SEBI is the primary governing/regulatory body for the

securities market in India. All transactions in the securities market in India are governed and regulated by

SEBI. Its main functions are:

1. New issues (Initial Public Offering or IPO)

2. Listing agreement of companies with stock exchanges

3. Trading mechanisms

4. Investor protection

5. Corporate disclosure by listed companies etc.

Zero Coupon Bonds: Zero Coupon Bonds (also called as pure discount bonds) are bonds that pay no

periodic interest payments or so called ‘Coupens’. Zero coupon bonds are purchased at a discount from

their value at maturity. The holder of a Zero Coupon bond is entitled to receive a single payment, usually of

a specified sum of money at a specified time in future. Investors earn interest via difference between the

discounted price of the bond and its par (or redemption) value.

Undated Securities: Securities not bearing a redemption date or option.

Tap Issue: An issue of treasury bills to government departments and others at a fixed price stand, without

going through the market, as distinct from a tender issue.

Buy Back of Shares: Various individuals, financial institutions, directors of the company, hold company

shares. This indicates the ownership of the company, when a company is allowed to buy-back its shares. It

means it is increasing its ownership.

Penny Stocks: Penny stocks are securities or stocks which are sold by smaller new companies. They are

generally sold because companies are seeking money for expansion, basic operations, and even for the

commencement of business.

Participatory notes: These are notes issued by FIIs and some of the Indian based foreign banks.

GDR/ADR: Global Deposit Receipts (GDR) are popularly known as Euro issues i.e. shares of Indian

companies sold in the European market. When these shares of Indian companies are sold in the US capital

market they are called as American Deposit Receipts (ADR).

Black-Sholes Formula: A formula used to establish a fair price for options in financial markets.

Swap: A transaction in which securities of a certain value are sold to a buyer in exchange for the purchase

from the buyer of securities having the same value. The purpose being to obtain an improvement, in the

eyes of either of the parties, in the quality of the security or to anticipate a change in yield. Currency as

well as securities are swapped in this way.

Screen Based Book- where securities are auctioned through an anonymous screen based system, and the

price of which securities are sold is discovered in screen. This eliminates the delays, risks and

implementation difficulties associated with traditional procedures.

ESOP: Employee Stock Option.

Market Capitalisation: Total value of the equity in the present market price is called market capitalization.

Hedge Funds: They are basically private investment pools for wealthy, financially sophisticated investors.

Traditionally they have been organized as partnership, with the general partner managing the fund’s

portfolio.

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Mutual Funds: Funds set up on the principal of pooled risk and pooled resources with the purpose of giving

them the benefits of share market without exposing individually to the volatility of share market.

Venture Capital: Risk capital is called venture capital.

Sovereign Wealth Fund: It is state owned fund composed of financial assets such as stocks, bonds,

property or other financial investment.

Futures: Contracts made in a future market for the purchased or sale of commodities on a specified future

data. Futures provide a convenient mechanism for holding market risk. Future market forms an important

part of many organized commodity exchange or market.

NCDEX: National Commodity Derivatives Exchange. It is the largest commodity futures exchange.

Forward Market Commission: It is a regulatory body for commodity futures, and forward trade in India. It

was set up under Forward Contract (Regulation) Act 1952. It’s headquarter is in Mumbai.

CARE: Credit Analysis and Research Ltd. It was started in November 1993. It was set up by IDBI.

ICRA: Investment Information and Credit Rating Agents of India Limited. It was established in 1991. It

primarily rates short, medium and long debt instruments. But, since 1995 it has been doing equity rating

also.

Voting Shares: Equity shares entitling holders to vote in the election of directors of a company. Normally

all ordinary shares are voting shares, but sometimes a company may create a class of non-voting ordinary

shares.

Tobin Tax: The tax foresighted by James Tobin. It is a tax that should be imposed on portfolio capitals, so

that when a foreign investor wants to take out this investment he has to pay tax, which is expected to

discourage the tendency to move from one country to another in search of quick gains.

Factoring: The business in which, a firm takes over the collection of trade debts on behalf of others,

thereby enabling them to obtain insurance against bad debts. It is a service primarily intended to meet the

needs of small and medium-size firms. The procedure is for the factoring company to buy up its client’s

invoices and then itself claim payment of them.

Underwriting: Underwriting is the business of insuring against risk.

Counter Guarantee: It is given by an economic agent, another agent will oblige the contract signed with

the 3rd party.

NSDL: It is the first registered depository in India set up in November 1996 and has been promoted by IDBI,

UTI and NSE.

CDSL: Central Depository Services Limited.

Sub- Prime Loans: It is also called as ‘B’ loans or second chance loans. These are loans originated to

borrowers who do not qualify for market interest rates because of problems in their credit history.

Derivative Trading: It is trading on claims, on claims on real producers.

Currency Future: Where in a contract in made between two parties, in which a party agrees to buy or sell a

fixed amount of currency at fixed foreign exchange at a later date. It reduces currency volatility rise for

both the parties.

Insider Trading: When insider (managers, directors, others) have more information of the companies

performance than the external share holders. And they use it to make a profit is called insider trading. It is

banned in India by SEBI.

Multi Commodity Exchange (MCE): The trading happening in papers instead of commodities in physical.

The largest MCX is in Ahmedabad.

Arbitrage: The act of buying a currency or a commodity in one market and simultaneously selling it for a

profit in another market.

COMMODITIES, DERIVATIVES, AND METALS MARKETS

i. Commodity markets are markets where raw or primary products are exchanged , with traditional

commodities such grains, meat and livestock, exchange trading has expanded to include metals,

energy, currency and currency indexes, equities and equity indexes, government interest rates and

private interest rates.

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ii. These raw commodities are traded on regulated commodities exchanges, in which they are bought

and sold in standardized

iii. Contracts.

iv. A Commodities Exchange is an exchange where various commodities and derivatives products are

traded. These contracts can include spot prices, forwards, futures, and options on on futures.

India has 7 national commodity exchanges namely

1. Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX)

2. National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX)

3. National Multi-Commodity Exchange (NMCE)

4. Indian Commodity Exchange (ICEX)

5. The ACE Derivatives exchange ( ACE )

6. Universal commodity exchange (UCX)

7. Bhatinda Om & Oil Exchange Ltd.

*The regulatory body is Forward Markets Commission (FMC) which was set up in 1953

# HIGHLIGHTS OF UNION BUDGET 2015-16

TAXATION

• Abolition of Wealth Tax.

• Additional 2% surcharge for the super rich with income of over Rs. 1 crore.

• Rate of corporate tax to be reduced to 25% over next four years.

• No change in tax slabs.

• Total exemption of up to Rs. 4,44,200 can be achieved.

• 100% exemption for contribution to Swachch Bharat, apart from CSR.

• Service tax increased to14 per cent.

AGRICULTURE

• Rs. 25,000 crore for Rural Infrastructure Development Bank.

• Rs. 5,300 crore to support Micro Irrigation Programme.

• Farmers credit - target of 8.5 lakh crore.

INFRASTRUCTURE

• Rs. 70,000 crores to Infrastructure sector.

• Tax-free bonds for projects in rail road and irrigation.

• PPP model for infrastructure development to be revitalised and govt. to bear majority of the risk.

• Atal Innovation Mission to be established to draw on expertise of entrepreneurs, and researchers to

foster scientific innovations; allocation of Rs. 150 crore.

• Govt. proposes to set up 5 ultra mega power projects, each of 4000MW.

EDUCATION

• AIIMS in Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar and Assam.

• IIT in Karnataka; Indian School of Mines in Dhanbad to be upgraded to IIT.

• PG institute of Horticulture in Amritsar.

• Kerala to have University of Disability Studies.

• Centre of film production, animation and gaming to come up in Arunachal Pradesh.

• IIM for Jammu and Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh.

DEFENCE

• Allocation of Rs. 2,46,726crore; an increase of 9.87 per cent over last year.

• Focus on Make in India for quick manufacturing of Defence equipment.

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• WELFARE SCHEMES

• GST and JAM trinity (Jan DhanYojana, Aadhaar and Mobile) to improve quality of life and to pass benefits

to common man.

• Six crore toilets across the country under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

• MUDRA bank will refinance micro finance orgs. to encourage first generation SC/ST entrepreneurs.

• Housing for all by 2020.

• Upgradation 80,000 secondary schools.

• DBT will be further be expanded from 1 crore to 10.3 crore.

• For the Atal Pension Yojana, govt. will contribute 50% of the premium limited to Rs. 1,000 a year.

• New scheme for physical aids and assisted living devices for people aged over 80.

• Govt. to use Rs. 9,000 crore unclaimed funds in PPF/EPF for Senior Citizens Fund.

• Rs. 5,000 crore additional allocation for MGNREGA.

• Govt. to create universal social security system for all Indians.

RENEWABLE ENERGY

• Rs. 75 crore for electric cars production.

• Renewable energy target for 2022: 100K MW in solar; 60K MW in wind; 10K MW in biomass and 5K MW

in small hydro

TOURISM

• Develpoment schemes for churches and convents in old Goa; Hampi, Elephanta caves, Forests of

Rajasthan, Leh palace, Varanasi ,JallianwalaBagh, QutbShahi tombs at Hyderabad to be under the new

toursim scheme.

• Visa on Arrival for 150 countries.

GOLD

• Sovereign Gold Bond, as an alternative to purchasing metal gold.

• New scheme for depositors of gold to earn interest and jewellers to obtain loans on their metal

accounts.

• To develop an Indian gold voin, which will carry the Ashok Chakra on its face, to reduce the demand for

foreign coins and recycle the gold available in the country.

FINANCIAL SECTOR

• Forward Markets Commission to be merged with the Securities and Exchange Board of India.

• NBFCs registered with the RBI and having asset size of Rs 500 crore and above to be considered as

financial institution‘ under Sarfaesi Act, 2002, enabling them to fund SME and mid-corporate

businesses.

• Permanent Establishment norms to be modified to that mere presence of offshore fund managers

in the country does not lead to ―adverse tax consequences.

# Rail budget 2015-16 • No increase in fairs for daily passengers but railway freight hiked 10% for urea, 2.7% for cement and

6.3% for coal, 0.8% for iron and steel.

• No new trains will announced for this current year.

• Increasein the number of bio toilets and vacuum toilets like airplane in trains.

• Water wending machines will installed on stations to arrange drinking water for passengers.

• 'Operation 5 minutes', where in passengers traveling unreserved can purchase a ticket in 5

minutes. He also announced to launch mobile app for purchase of unreserved tickets.

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• For security and convenience of passengers he announced two 24*7 helplines 138 for general

complaint and 183 for security complaints.

• On priority basis Prabhu announces to install Surveillance cameras in ladies compartments and

selected coaches for women's safety because ―Nari-Surakasha is major issue for everyone in

previous years.

• Over 400 railway stations will lashed with Wi-fi in coming year,healsoannounced to give mobile

charging facility to all coaches including general coaches.

• Speed on nine railway corridors to go up to 200 km per hour.It will helptrains to increase their

average speed.

• Booking facility of Wheel chairs for senior citizen will be available through online.

• Prabhu introduces satellite railway terminals in major cities and centrally managed Rail Display

Network is expected to be introduced in over 2K stations over the next 2 years.

• Railways will also going to establish Four Railway Research Centres in four universities.

• Cleanliness also got priority in Prabhu‘s budget he announce ―Swach-Railscheme.

• To make train and sta]ons clean ,this scheme is launched under ―Swach Bharat Abhiyan Under

Swach-Rail scheme railways are going to setupnew department of cleanliness and going to engage

professional agencies for training of cleaning staffs on 650 major stations.

• Railway is going to setup Alarm announcing system at no man crossing with help of IIT Kanpur.

•

#Modi schemes 1.Pradham mantri jan dhan yojana

AIM -- financial inclusion

National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, namely, Banking Savings &

Deposit Accounts, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner

• Accidental insurance cover of Rs.1.00 lac & No minimum balance required,life insurance cover of Rs.30,000/-

& operation of the account for 6 months, an overdraft facility will be permitted & Accidental Insurance

Cover, RuPay Debit Card must be used at least once in 45 days, Overdraft facility upto Rs.5000/- is available

in only one account per household.

• By 28 January 2015, 12.58 crore accounts were opened, with around Rs.10590 crore

• launched on --15 August 2014, location --viganan bhavan , new delhi

2.Sukhanya samridi account AIM -- For girl child Sukanya Samriddhi Account, Govt is trying to give a social message that Girl Child is not a financial burden

if parents of a Girl child secure their future through proper financial planning.

• Interest rate of 9.2% --2015-16

• The maturity of account is 21 years from the date of opening of the account or Marriage of the Girl Child

• Initial deposit of Rs 1000 and thereafter any amount in multiple of Rs 100 can be deposited subject to max

limit of 1.5 lakh & Age of 10 years, a girl child can operate her account

• launched - 22 January 2015, location --Haryana, panipat ,Brand ambasdor -- Madhuri dixit

3.MUDRA Bank Yojana AIM -- Financial inculsion

• Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Ltd (MUDRA) Bank on 8 April, 2015 with a corpus of Rs

20,000 crore and a credit guarantee corpus of Rs 3,000 crore.

• Mudra bank Extend finance and credit support to Microfinance Institutions (MFI) and agencies that lend

money to small businesses, retailers, self-help groups and individuals& SC& STs & BCs

• MUDRA Bank has launched three loan instruments:

Shishu: covers loans upto Rs 50,000/-

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Kishor: covers loans above Rs 50,000/- and upto Rs 5 lakh

Tarun: covers loans above Rs 5 lakh and upto Rs 10 lakh

• launched on -- april 8th 2015, location --New Delhi

SIDBI-- SMEs credit & limitations

MANUFACRING SECTOR (investments limit for support of machinery & tools)

• Micro--25lakhs

• Small--25lakhs--5crores

• Medium--5crores--10crores

SERVICE SECTOR

• Micro--10 LAKHS

• Small--10lakhs--2crores

• Medium--2crores--5crores

4.Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) AIM -- Social security scheme

• Bank account holders aged between 18 and 50 years are eligible to apply for this scheme

• premium is fixed at Rs. 330 for a life cover of Rs. 2 lacs.

• June 1st, 2015 to May 31st, 2016 is the period for which this scheme will cover all kind of risks to your life in

the first year of operation. Next year onwards as well, the risk cover period will remain June 1 to May 31.

• launched--9 May 2015 , , location --Kolkata

5.Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) AIM -- Social security scheme

• Bank account holders aged between 18 years and 70 years are eligible to apply for this scheme.

• Just rs. 12 in annual premium for having an accidental death or disability cover of rs. 2 lacs under this

scheme

• Insured for a period of one year from june 1, 2015 to may 31, 2016. Next year onwards as well, the risk cover

period will remain to be june 1 to may 31.

• Launched--9 may 2015 , , location --kolkata

6.Atal Pension Scheme AIM -- Social security scheme

• Minimum age of joining APY is 18 years and maximum age is 40 years

• Would receive the fixed monthly pension of Rs. 1000 to Rs 5000 at the age of 60 years

• Pension of Rs 1000 he would contribute Rs 181 a month. On his death his wife would get Rs 1000 per month

and after her death the nominees will get 1.7 lakh.

• launched--9 May 2015 , , location --Kolkata

7.Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) Re-Introduced

AIM -- saving certificate scheme

The scheme provided facility of unlimited investment by way of purchase of certificates from post offices in

various denominations

• denomination of Rs. 1000, 5000, 10,000 and 50,000, with no upper

• lock-in period of 2 years and 6 months

• Double in 100 months

• Maturity period of 8 years 4 months

• Interest rate--8.7%

8.Krishi Amdani Beema Yojana AIM -- Agricultural insurance

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• Plight of small and marginal farmers he said that most of them were leaving the agricultural practice

because of the uncertainty over the produce and returns.

• Krishi amdani beema yojana so that the farmers don’t bear any financial burden if their produce gets

destroyed due to unexpected weather or for any other reason

9.Pradhan Mantri Gram Sinchai Yojana - AIM -- micro irrigation

• Micro irrigation & ensure water supply to farmers round the year.

• basic contours of the agri-irrigation programme would be on lines of the PMGSY

• Budget allocation --5300 crores

• launched by -- Rajnath Singh .

10.Pradhan Mantri Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana

AIM -- Rural development

• Under the Yojana, Members of Parliament (MPs) will be responsible for developing the socio-

economic and physical infrastructure of three villages each by 2019, and a total of eight villages each

by 2024.

• Target --6,433 Adarsh Grams, of the 2,65,000 gram panchayats, will be created by 2024

• Funding -- through MP lads

11.Soil Health Card Scheme for Every Farmer

AIM -- Soil data

• Soil Health Card is used to assess the current status of soil health and, when used over time, to determine

changes in soil health that are affected by land management.

• The scheme will provide all 145 million farm owners in the country with a soil health card in the next three

years.

• The budget allotted Rs.100 crore for issuing cards and an additional Rs.56 crore to set up 100 mobile soil

testing laboratories across the country.

• Programme started in rajasthan & first SHC issued in punjab

12.MAKE IN INDIA

• India must become a manufacturing powerhouse in order to gainfully employ its demographic dividend

& Big labour pool and a large domestic market. In addition, with China’s competitive advantage in

manufacturing eroding

• India has the opportunity to take some share of global manufacturing away from China.

• stop tax terrorism & improve infrastructure

• reform labour laws & invest in skills development

• make it easier to acquire land & implement Goods and Services Tax (GST)

• some of the make in india initatives

• Spice Group said it would start a mobile phone manufacturing unit in Uttar Pradesh with an investment

of ₹500 crore

• SAMSUNG --MSME-Samsung Technical Schools" will be established in India

• Hitachi said it was committed to the initiative, It said that an auto-component plant will be set up in

Chennai in 2016

• Huawei opened a new research and development (R&D) campus in Bengaluru

• AIRBUS with MAHENDRA said that it will manufacture its products in India and invest $ 2 Billion US

dollars.

• Marine Products Export Development Authority said that it was interested in supplying shrimp eggs to

shrimp farmers in India under the initiative

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• Tata JLR (Jaguar Land-Rover) announced that it will move its production of the Land Rover Defender to

its Pune facility in India in 2016

13.Digital india KEY components of digital india

• Digital infrastructure-to support national optic fiber

• INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)-essential building of smart cities

• Foreign ICT investments -- make in india policy

9 pillars of digital india

1.Broadband Highways

2.Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity

3.Public Internet Access Programme

4.E-Governance –Reforming government through Technology

5.eKranti – Electronic delivery of services

6.Information for All

7.Electronics Manufacturing –Target NET ZERO Imports

8.IT for Jobs

9.Early Harvest Programmes

DIGITAL INDIA intiatives

• India's top billionaires pledged around Rs 4.5 lakh crore to projects related to Digital Indiagenerate

employments for some 18 lakh people.

• government's Rs 1.13-lakh-crore Digital India programme

• Tata Consultancy Services -will hire 60,000 IT professionals this year.

• Reliance Industries Chairman Mukesh Ambani said his company would invest Rs 2.5 lakh crore

across different Digital India heads

• Digital India where 1.2 billion connected Indians drive the nation," said the Prime Minister at the

launch of the Digital India Week

• Kumar Mangalam Birla--350,000 towns and villages in India to provide mobile-based healthcare

and education services

• Bharathi Mittal said spend over Rs 1 lakh crore in the next five years.

• Rival telco Reliance Communications, pledged to invest Rs 10,000 crore to fund transformational

initiatives across the cloud, digital and telecom space.

• Vedanta Resources Chairman Anil Agarwal, to provide education through digital medium, or e-

Shikhsha.

13.SKILL INDIA • focus on creating jobs for youth, the government has decided to revamp the antiquated industrial

training centres that will skill over 20 lakh youth annually and devise special courses based on

industry needs.

• will set up 1,500 new ITIs across the country and another 100-odd such centres in North East and

Left Wing Extremism affected states.

• Creating 500 Million jobs by 2020

• World Youth Skills Day on 15th July*

14.Smart cities A smart city should be able to respond faster to city and global challenges than one with a simple

'transactional' relationship with its citizens

Key 'smart' sectors which includes--Transport, Energy , Health care& Water and waste

100 PROPOSED SMART CITIES

SMART CITIES - Assistance from other countries

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• SINGAPORE --100 smart cities across the country, USA--Ajmer , Ahmadabad, Vishakapatnam , JAPAN-

-Varanasi, FRANCE --Pondicherry and Nagpur & gujarat ,SPAIN ---DELHI, ISREAL -- Maharastra , CHINA

-PUNE , CHINA - Andhrapradesh

• JAPAN --MUMBAI, AUSTRALIA-- ATAL scheme, AUSTRIA -- JNNURM

• GERMANY --3 more smart cities * no mentiones cities

• CANADA -- Wooden multi-storey housing technology in urban cities

• NOTE -- first smart city -- puducherry

• Budget intiative -- 100 crores

• Corpus --48000 crores & each smart city will get 100 crores for next 5 years

15.Swachh bharat abhiyan • Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is started by the government to make India a completely clean India

• This mission has to be completed by 150th birth anniversary of Bapu (2nd October of 2019) in next five years

• The costs of programmes are set like Rs 7,366 crore on solid waste management, Rs 1,828 crore on public

awareness, Rs 655 crore on community toilets, Rs 4,165 crore on individual household toilets.

• swachh bharat mission of urban areas aims to cover almost 1.04 crore households in order to provide them

2.6 lakhs of public toilets, 2.5 lakhs of community toilets together with the solid wastes management in

every town.

16. NAMAMI GANGA

• From 1985 -2014 -- 4500 crores by govt of india

• Ganga conservation mission --2000 cr & Budget -2014-15 -- 2037crores

• Recent -- 20000 crores for "NAMAMI GANGA PROJECT "

• Authority --NGRBA -- National Ganga River Basin Authourity & min. of water resources river devl. &

Mission -- NMCG -- National Mission for Clean Ganga

• JAPAN - External aided project , Australia -- cleaning project , germany -- water management &

rejvuation , Netherlands -- flood control assistance

17.Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

• Multiple deprivations faced by girls and women is critical for more inclusive and sustainable growth adverse

sex ratio in young children in the 0-6 years age group in Nutrition from different States & UTs and districts

• To enable inter state sharing and learning from these models through thematic presentations,dialogue, state

poster sessions and cluster/interest group interactions.

• To evolve a strategy framework that synthesizes learning from these models for adaptation/replication and

enables innovation and new approaches.

• To encourage mentoring support between states and continued learning, through the formation of state

interest groups, field based learning hubs and thematic e- networks.

• Care and Protection of the Girl Child - Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

• Brand ambassdor -- parneethi chopra & started -- haryana

18.INDRADANUSH • To achieve full immunization coverage for all children in the country by 2020

• The Union Health & Family Welfare Ministry will be supported by UNICEF, WHO, Rotary International and

other donor partners 82 districts are in the States of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.

• The plan aims at providing immunization for seven diseases which can be prevented by

vaccination:Whooping cough ,Hepatitis B, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio, Tuberculosis

19.Pharma Jan Samadhan Scheme • Monitoring the availability of drugs, identify shortages, if any, and to take remedial steps and Maintaining

data on production, exports and imports, market share of individual companies, profitability of companies

etc, for bulk drugs and formulations

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• Rendering advice to the Central Government on changes/ revisions in the drug policy

20.Sansad adharsh gram yojana

• Leveraging the leadership, capacity, commitment and energy of the Members of Parliament (MP) to

develop model Gram Panchayats.

• Building partnerships with voluntary organisations, co-operatives and academic and research institutions.

• MPs or Sansads to identify and develop one village from their respective constituency as a model village by

2016 and two more by 2019.

• MPs are required to pick one village with a population of 3000-4000 in plains and 1000-3000 in hills within

a month of the launch.

• “smart schools” with IT-enabled classrooms and e-libraries, Panchayat infrastructure improvement under

schemes such as MGNREGA and Backward Regions Grants Fund etc

21.Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana

• strengthening of sub-transmission and distribution network, feeder separation, Metering at all levels

including at input points, feeders and distribution transformers.

• It also seeks to strengthen Micro grid and off grid distribution network of rural electrification. Funds:

• The scheme has budgetary outlay of 76,000 crore rupees for implementation of the projects of which

Union Government will provide grant of 63,000 crore rupees.

• It should be noted that, this scheme replaces Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY), which

was launched by previous UPA government led by then PM Manmohan Singh.

22.Jyotigram Yojana scheme • Jyotigram Yojana is an initiative of the Government of Gujarat to ensure availability of 24-hour three phase

quality power supply to rural areas of the state and to supply power to farmers residing in scattered farm

houses through feeders having specially designed transformers.

• The scheme was dedicated to the nation by President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2006.

• Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) has commended the scheme saying Jyotigram scheme has

radically improved the quality of village life, spurred non-farm economic enterprises, and halved the power

subsidy in agriculture.

• Government of India is set to accept Gujarat's Jyotigram project as a flagship scheme for the 12th five year

plan.

23.AMRUT--Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

AMRUT mission aimed at transforming 500 cities and towns into efficient urban living spaces, with special

focus on a healthy and green environment for children.

• The National Priority is to create infrastructure to provide basic services to households, and build

amenities

• This will improve the quality of life of all

• especially the poor and the disadvantaged.

• The infrastructure should lead to provision of better services to people.

• The Cabinet approved Rs 50,000 crore for this mission which is to be spent over the next five years

• AMRUT -- upgraded vesrsion of JNNURM -- also called as -JNNURM-2

24.Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission

Budgetary provision for the Pooled Municipal Debt Obligation Facility has been enhanced from Rs 5000

crore to Rs 50,000 crore with extension of the facility by five years to March 31, 2019

scheme covers _

• Urban renewal of cities and towns, four fundamental activities

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• Safe drinking water and sewerage management

• Use of recycled water for growing organic fruits and vegetables

• Solid waste management

• Digital connectivity

25.Housing for All by 2022 scheme

• Slum rehabilitation of Slum Dwellers with participation of private developers using land as a resource;

• Promotion of affordable housing for weaker section through credit linked subsidy;

• Affordable housing in partnership with Public & Private sectors and

• Subsidy for beneficiary-led individual house construction or enhancement.

• TARGET -- 2 lakh houses in urban & 4 lakh houses in rural

26.HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana • With a duration of 27 months (completing in March 2017) and a total outlay of INR 500 Crores, the Scheme

is being implemented in 12 identified Cities .

list of HRIDAY selected places

Warangal--Telangana, Amritsar -- Punjab, Varanasi--UP, PURI--BHUBNESWAR , KANCHIPURAM --

TAMILNADU, GAYA -BIHAR, MATHURA -UP DWARAKA--GUJARAT, BADAMI--KARNATAKA, AMARAVATHI --

ANDHRAPARADESH, AJMER--RAJSTHAN, VELANKANNI--TAMILNADU

27.Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD) • Implement the PRASAD scheme a Mission Directorate has been set up in the Ministry of Tourism. The

Budget provision of Rs.15.60 crore has been made in Revised Estimate (RE) 2014-15

list of PRASAD selected places • Amaravati (Andhra Pradesh), Gaya (Bihar), Dwarka (Gujarat), Amritsar (Punjab), Pushkar-Ajmer (Rajasthan),

Kanchipuram (Tamil Nadu), Vellankani (Tamil Nadu)

Puri (Odisha),Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), Mathura (Uttar Pradesh), Kedarnat (Uttarakhand) , Kamakhya

(Assam)

28.SWADESH DARSHAN-world-class infrastructure destination

• Develop tourist circuits potential

• Develop intergrated infrastrcuture theme based circuit

• Promote cultrual and heritage value of the country

• Provide complete tourism facility in common based circuit

• Follow commuinity based devlopment and pro-poor tourism approach

• Promote local arts , culture , heritage to generate livelihood in the identified region

29.Pandit deendayal upadhyay shramev yojana • That would allot Labour Identification Number (LIN) to nearly 6 lakhs units and allow them to file

online compliance for 16 out of 44 labour laws

• An all-new Random Inspection Scheme: Utilizing technology to eliminate human discretion in

selection of units for Inspection, and uploading of Inspection Reports within 72 hours of inspection

mandatory

• Universal Account Number: Enables 4.17 crore employees to have their Provident Fund account

portable, hassle-free and universally accessible

• Apprentice Protsahan Yojana: Will support manufacturing units mainly and other establishments by

reimbursing 50% of the stipend paid to apprentices during first two years of their training

• Revamped Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana: Introducing a Smart Card for the workers in the

unorganized sector seeded with details of two more social security schemes

30.Deen dayal upadhyaya grameen kaushalya yojana--

• Enable Poor and Marginalized to Access Benefits

• Demand led skill training at no cost to the rural poor , Inclusive Program Design

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• Mandatory coverage of socially disadvantaged groups (SC/ST 50%; Minority 15%; Women 33%)

• Shifting Emphasis from Training to Career Progression

• Pioneers in providing incentives for job retention, career progression and foreign placements

• Greater Support for Placed Candidates

• Proactive Approach to Build Placement Partnerships

31.PAHAL scheme Pratyaksh Hanstantrit Labh _ LPG debt scheme

• The Direct Benefit transfer of LPG (DBTL) scheme PAHAL (Pratyaksh Hanstantrit Labh) has been re-

launched in 54 districts on 15 November 2014

• in the 1st Phase and will be launched in the rest of the 622 districts of the country on 1 January

2015.

The scheme will cover over 15.3 crore consumers across 676 districts of the country. Currently over

6.5 crore consumers i.e. 43% have already joined the scheme and will receive subsidy in their bank

account. 32.MAHATMA GANDHI PRAVASI SURAKSHA YOJANA (MGPSY)

objective of MGPSY is to encourage and enable the overseas Indian workers by giving government

contribution to:

• Save for their Return and Resettlement (R&R) & Save for their old age,

• Obtain a Life Insurance cover against natural death during the period of coverage for five years or

till the return of subscribed worker back to India, whichever is earlier.

• Government contribution of Rs.1,000 per annum in line with Swavalamban platform for all MGPSY

subscriber who save between Rs.1,000 and Rs.12,000 per year in NPS-Lite.

33.KCC kisan credit card • Kisan Credit Card is a credit card to provide affordable credit for farmers in India. It was started by the

Government of India, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

(NABARD) in 1998-99 to help farmers access timely and adequate credit.

• The Kisan Credit Card allows farmers to have cash credit facilities without going through time-consuming

bank credit screening processes repeatedly.

• Repayment can be rescheduled if there is a bad crop season, and extensions are offered for up to four years.

The card is valid for five years and subject to annual renewals. Withdrawals are made using slips, cards, and

a passbook.

• Crop loan with Kisan Credit Card

• Credit to farmers or groups of farmers for crop loans, working capital or investment credit for viable

agriculture purpose.

• All farmers, owner cultivators, tenant cultivators, share croppers and individual farmers

• Eligibility: Individual

• Repayment period: With in A MAXIMUM OF 12 MONTHS.

• Collateral Security: Registered mortgage of land in case loan is above Rs. 100000/- and hypothication of

crops to be raised.

34.Nai Manzil • To mainstream Madarsa students through bridge course with the help of reputed Academic Institutions.

• To be implemented by Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF).

• Launched in 2014 by Ministry of Minority Affairs

35.USTTAD (Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development) • The Scheme aims at upgrading Skills and Training in preservation of traditional Ancestral Arts/Crafts of

minorities.

• 4 Components of the scheme:

• Up-gradation of Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts through Institutions.

• USTTAD Fellowship for Research and Development.

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• Support to Craft museum for curating traditional arts/ crafts.

• Support to minority craftsmen/artisans for marketing Nationally/ Internationally through Export

Promotion Councils

• Launched in May 2015, in Varanasi by Ministry of Minority Affairs

36.Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana • Announced in Budget 2015-16

• Nodal Agency: Ministry of Agriculture

• The scheme is aimed at irrigating the field of every farmer and improving water use efficiency to provide

`Per Drop More Crop’.

• Traditional methods of farming such as Organic farming will be encouraged so as to improve soil health.

• Soil Health Card Scheme has also been launched to improve soil fertility on a sustainable basis.

37.Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching (PMMMNMTT)

• Under the scheme Government will set up 50 Centres of Excellence for Curriculum and Pedagogy

with necessary emphasis on Maths and Science.

• setting up 30 Schools of Education,

• 50 Centres of Excellence for Curriculum and Pedagogy,

• Two Inter University Centres,

• National Resource Centre,

• Five Centres of Academic Leadership and Educational Management,

• Subject Based Networks and Workshops and Seminars

• Launched in March 2015 by Ministry of Human Resource Development

38.Project Uddan

• In this project the National Skills Development Corporation and the Ministry of Home Affairs and

industry will provide skills to 40,000 youth over a period of five years.

39.Rani Laxmi Bai Pension Scheme

• This is a 'Special pension' pension program it would be given to Muzaffarnagar riot victims by U.P.

Govt. there will be help of Rs. 400 and Rs. 500, would be given under this scheme.

40.E-inclusion project

• In the e-inclusion project to spread e literacy the people will receive IT training.

• This project is an initiative to make at least one individual in every household e-literate, under the

project.

• economically weaker sections of the society including rural SC, ST.

41.Bhagat Puran Singh Sehat Beema Yojana (BPSSBY)

• This is a health care scheme for BPL families launched in Punjab

42.Roshini Scheme

• This scheme is released by the Centre government for skill development and job placement for

rural youth and women in most affected 24 districts in 9 states.

43.Nai Roshini

• leadership development scheme for minority women by Ministry of Minority Affairs.

# MODI VISITS Note -- *from 2015

1.Seychelles_10–11 March 2015

• Aggrements-Hydrography,Renewable energy,Infrastructure , Development and sale of navigation

charts and electronic navigational charts

• Capital: Victoria, Currency: Seychellois rupee, President: James Michel

2.Mauritius__11–13 March 2015

• Ocean Economy, Cultural Cooperation ,Homeopathy

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• Agriculture and Cooperation-- importation of fresh mango from India

• India Offers $500 Million Credit to Mauritius During PM Modi's Visit

• Capital: Port Louis, Currency: Mauritian rupee, Prime minister: Anerood Jugnauth

• President: Ameenah Gurib, Continent: Africa

3.Sri Lanka__13–14 March 2015

• Reserve Bank of India and the Central Bank of Sri Lanka have agreed to enter into a currency swap

agreement of $1.5 billion

• Joint venture project between the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) and NTPC Ltd of India.

• 6.Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the two countries.

• modi flagged off railway track between Madhu Road and Talaimannar Pier is the last segment of

the 265-km long

• key persons--president -Maithripala SirisenaRanil , prime minster --Wickremesinghe

4..Singapore 29 March 2015

• Modi attended the state-funeral of Lee Kuan Yew,

• The first Prime Minister of Singapore.

5.France__9–12 April 2015

• India asked France to supply 36 Rafale fighter jets in ‘fly-away’ condition

• Including on the stalled nuclear project in Jaitapur in Maharashtra

• MoU was signed between Larsen and Tubro and AREVA

• key person ___French President Francois Hollande.

6.Germany__12–14 April

• PM Modi promised to set up a mechanism to help German companies invest and do business in

India , Make in India lion is a symbol of new India- Modi at India Pavilion.

• PM Narendra Modi visited the India Pavilion at the Hannover Messe.

• key person --Germany chancellor--- angela merkel

7.CANADA 14–16 April

• The visit, which resulted in several new bilateral agreements and commercial deals worth over $1.6

billion.

• Canadian company, Cameco, to supply over 3.175 million kg of uranium concentrate to India over

the next five years for the generation of electricity.

• Modi was came back with PARROT LADY gifted by canada PM

• key person --Stephen Harper-PM

8.China 14–16 May 2015

• AGGREMENTS For 3 day visit -- total 21+ 24 = 45 aggrements done

• Agreement on establishment of sister-city relations b/w Chennai and Chongqing ,Hyderabad and

Qingdao ,Aurangabad and Dunhuang of China.

• Modi visted errcota army museum

• ICICI bank open in china __* LAST year AXIS bank open its branch in bejing

• Indian Council for Cultural Relations and Yunnan Minzu University on the establishment of a yoga

college.

• key persons--Xi Jinping(President) , Li Keqiang( Prime minister)

9.Mongolia 16–17 May 2015

• Mongolia and India are keen to move forward on the MoU for Uranium supply

• Modi was gifted a horse "KANTAKA" by mongolia counter part

• Capital: Ulan Bator, President: Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Prime minister: Chimed Saikhanbileg

10.South korea __18–19 May 2015

• "Look Act East "is an upgraded version of the Look East policy

• manufacturing sector, South Korean companies including Samsung, LG and Hyundai that have

strong presence in India.

• Capital: Seoul

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• Currency: South Korean won

• Prime minister: Hwang Kyo-ahn

• President: Park Geun-hye

11.BANGLADESH__June 6 – 7 2015

• Modi discussed the ratification of te India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement - 1974 &

Protocol- 2011. & Testa water issue

• Total -22 aggrements including on curbing human trafficking, smuggling of fake currency and

setting up an Indian Economic Zone, to boost bilateral ties

• Agreements on two key bus services were also reached, including the Kolkata-Dhaka-Agartala

Another Dhaka-Shillong-Guwahati route was also flagged off by the three leaders.

• Memorandum of Understanding for Extending a New Line of Credit (LoC) of USD 2 billion by India to

Bangladesh was signed.

• Capital: Dhaka , Currency: Bangladeshi taka , PM: Sheikh Hasina,President: Abdul Hamid

12.Uzbekistan 6 July 2015

• Modi said the contract to do so, which was signed in 2013 to supply 2,000 metric tons of uranium

ore concentrate over five years

• 3-PACTS on Strengthening cooperation, cooperation on cyber-security, special economic zones

• MOUs signed on Political ties,Security, Counter-terrorism, Trade and investment, Science and

technology , Cultural linkages.

• Key points -Capital --Tashkent, Currency--Uzbekistani som, President --Islam Karimov, Prime

minister--Shavkat Mirziyoyev.

13.Kazakhstan 7 July 2015

• Will supply 5,000 tonnes of uranium to India during 2015-19, PM’s visit to Kazakhstan is expected

to give a fillip to the civil nuclear deal signed in 2009.

• Caspian Sea oil block drilling agreement, that India has 25 per cent stake in. India and Kazakhstan

could also be finalising agreements on mining, mineral and oil and gas projects, which include iron

ore, coal and potash exploration.

• KEY POINTS _Capital --Astana, Currency--Kazakhstani tenge, President --Nursultan Nazarbayev,

Prime minster -Karim Massimov

14. Russia--7th BRICS summit & SCO summit 8–10 July 2015

• Modi to attend BRICS and SCO summit in Ufa_

• Attend 7th BRICS summit and Shanghai Cooperation Organization summits (SCO) in Ufa, Russia.

• Theme BRICS -- "powerful factor for Global Development"

• India & pakistan got the member ship in SCO ; SCO --Headquarters_ Beijing, China

• Members_ China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, India --

Observers_ Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran, Mongolia

Modi and Sharif’s Meet in Ufa

• Tackling Terrorism, Military Meeting, Freeing Fishermen, Religious Tourism, Mumbai Terror Attack

• KEY persons _ INDIA -MODI, Foreign secretary -- S.jai shankar, NSA -- Ajit Doval

• PAKISTAN --PM -- SHARIF, Foreign secretary-- Aizaz Chowdary, NSA-- Sartaj aziz

15.Turkmenistan 10-11 July 2015

• Narendra Modi on Saturday pitched for early implementation of the $ 10 billion TAPI gas pipeline

project

• 7-pacts signed --Including defence & tourism, Cross-border threats of terrorism, Organised crime ,

Illegal drug-trafficking , Reaffirmed their commitment for a stable Afghanistan, Land-sea route

through Iran for the pipeline should be explored, Enhancing connectivity-- TAPI

• TAPI (Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India) --operational by 2018 and will carry gas from

Turkmenistan’s Galkynysh field that holds gas reserves of 16 trillion cubic feet.

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• KEY POINTS--Capital--Ashgabat, Currency-- Turkmenistan manat, President -Gurbanguly

Berdimuhamedow

16. Kyrgyzstan 12 July 2015

• Modi signed four agreements including one on bolstering defence cooperation and holding annual

joint military exercises.

• Defence Cooperation, Election , Bureau of Indian Standards , Cooperation in Culture

• KEYPOINTS--Capital --Bishkek, Currency-- Kyrgyzstani som, President --Almazbek Atambayev

17.Tajikistan 12-13 July 2015 • KEY AREAS--Trade , economic intergration

Modi's visit to Tajikistan would give an impetus to bilateral ties between New Delhi and Dushanbe.

• key points --Capital --Dushanbe, Currency--Tajikistani somoni, president--Emomali Rahmon, primeminster --

Kokhir Rasulzoda

18. United Arab Emirates 16-17 August

• India and UAE will promote collaboration & inter-operabilty for humanitarian assistance &

evacuation in natural disasters & conflict situations.

• India and UAE will cooperate to strengthen maritime security in the Gulf and Indian Ocean Region

• India and UAE will strengthen cooperation in law enforcement, anti-money laundering, drug

trafficking, extradition arrangements.

• India and UAE to establish UAE-India Infra Investment Fund of $75 billion

• Prime Minister Modi visited the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi and signed in the

visitor's book, saying, It (the mosque) will serve to remind generations about the extraordinary

vision and leadership of the president of UAE, his highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan AL Nahyan.

• Narendra Modi on Monday addressed the Indian diaspora at the Dubai International Cricket

Stadium. About 50,000 Indian expatriates had registered for ‘Marhaba Namo’

• UAE trip by visiting Masdar City, a hub of cleantech and S&T innovation.

#FOREIGN MINISTER --SUSHMA SWARAJ visits

• UK --She has inaugurated the Regional Pravasi Bharatiya Divas in London.

• MAURITUS--celebrate Apravasi Divas, marking 180 years since the first Indian indentured labourers

arrived in Mauritius

• MALDIVES -- commitment towards prosperity, stability and security of Maldives.

• UAE--bilateral relations and took stock of progress and development in joint cooperation in many

areas and looked into the ways of enhancing them for common interests.

• SOUTH KOREA--Trade and investments to top the agenda including joint shipbuilding ventures will

be endorsed heavily under Make in India programme.

• CHINA--Russia-India-China (RIC) trilateral foreign ministers meeting in Beijing.

• OMEN--Maiden visit to the Sultanate of Oman, the country with which India shares warm bilateral

relations in the gulf.

• SRILANKA --Discussion on bilateral issues with her counterpart Mangala Samaraweera.

• TURKMENSITAN--TAPI gas pipeline issue

• INDONESIA -- Indonesia to join the celebration of 60 years of Bandung Congference

• SOUTHAFRICA -- Third India Africa Forum Summit.

• BANGKOK --- from 27-29 June 2015 to co-chair the 7th Meeting of India-Thailand Joint Commission

(JCM) and to attend the 16thWorld Sanskrit Conference in Bangkok.

#SECRETARIES OF MINISTRIES

• Secretary to the President--Smt. Omita Paul

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• Principal Secretary to Prime Minister--Shri Nripendra Mishra

• Private secretary to primeMinister--rajeev topno

• Private secretary to primeMinister--sanjeev single

• National Security Advisor--Ajit Kumar Doval

• Cabinet Secretary--Shri Pradeep Kumar Sinha

• Finance Secretary---Rajeev Mehrishi

• Home Secretary---L C Goyal

• MinorityAffairs secretary--Shri Arvind Mayaram

• Defence secretary--Shri G Mohan Kumar

• Coalsecretary--Shri Anil Swarup

• Civil Aviation secretary--Shri Rajiv Nayan Choubey

• Commerce & Industry secretary--Ms. Rita A Teaotia

• Corporate Affairs secretary--Ms. Anjuly Chib Duggal

• External Affairs secretary--Shri S. Jaishankar

• Mines secretary--Shri Balvender Kumar

• Power secretary--Shri Pradeep Kumar Pujari

• Tourism secretary--Shri Narendra Kumar Sinha

• Steel secretary--Shri Rakesh Singh

• Panchayati Raj secretary--Shri S. M. Vijayanand

• Space secretary--Shri A. S. Kiran Kumar

• Health & Family Welfare secretary--Shri Bhanu Pratap Sharma

• Atomic Energy secretary-- Dr. Ratan Kumar Sinha

• Culture secretary--Shri Narendra Kumar Sinha

• North Eastern Region secretary--Shri. R. Vijay kumar

• Disinvestment secretary--Smt. Aradhana Johri

• Drinking Water & Sanitation secretary--Smt. Vijaylaxmi Joshi

• Earth Sciences secretary--Dr. Shailesh Nayak

• Food Processing Industries secretary---Shri Ranglal Jamuda

• Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises----Shri Rajan S. Katoch

• Human Resource Development secretary--Shri V.S. Oberoi

• Information and Broadcasting secretary--Shri Bimal Julka

• Labour and Employment secretary--Shri Shankar Agarwal

• Law and Justice secretary--Ms. Kusumjit Sidhu

• Micro. Small & Medium Enterprises secretary---Dr. Anup K. Pujari

• New & Renewable Energy secretary--Shri Upendra Tripathy

• Overseas Indian Affairs secretary--Shri Anil Kumar Agarwal

• Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation secretary---Dr. Nandita Chartterjee

• Environment, Forests & Climate Change secretary---Shri Ashok Lavasa

• Communications & Information Technology secretary--Shri Rakesh Garg

• ConsumerAffairs, Food and Distribution secretary-- Shri C.R. Viswanath

• Parliamentary Affairs secretary--Shri Afzal Amanullah

• Personnel,Public Grievances and Pensions secretary--Shri Sanjay Kothari

• Petroleum & Natural Gas secretary--Shri Kapil Dev Tripathi

• Rural Development secretary--Shri J.K. Mohapatra

• Science and Technology secretary--Prof. Ashutosh Sharma

• Shipping secretary---Shri Rajive Kumar

• Skill Development & Entrepreneurship secretary--Shri Sunil Arora

• Social Justice & Empowerment secretary--Ms. Anita Agnihotri

• Textiles secretary--Shri Sanjay Kumar Panda

• Tribal Affairs secretary---Shri Arun Jha

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• Urban Development secretary--Shri Madhusudhan Prasad

• Women and Child Development secretary--Shri V. Somasundaran

• Youth Affairs and Sports secretary--Shri Ajit M. Shara

• Water & River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation secretary--Shri Shashi Shekhar

#AMBASSDORS • India to Bhutan: Gautam Bambawale

• India to Russia: P.S. Raghavan

• Russia to India : Alexander Kadakin

• India to Tajikistan: SHRI ASITH BHATTACHARJEE

• India to Turkmenistan: TV Nagendra Prasad

• India to Kazakhstan: Harsh Kumar Jain

• Kazakhstan to India: BULAT SARSENBAYEV

• Indian to Uzbekistan: Mr Vinod Kumar

• Uzbekistan to India: Dr. SALIKH R. INAGAMOV

• Bangladesh to India: Syed Muazzem Ali

• India to Bangladesh:H.E. Pankaj Saran

• Indian to south korea: Mr. Vikram Doraiswami

• India to Mongolia: somnath ghosh

• China to India: Le Yucheng

• India to china: Ashok kantha

• India to Canada: Shri. Vishnu Prakash

• Germany to India: Dr. Martin Ney

• India to germany: Mr. Vijay Gokhale

• India to france: Arun Kumar Singh

• France to India: Mr François Richier

• Singapore to India: Mr Lim Thuan Kuan

• India to Singapore: Ms.Vijay Thakur Singh

• India to srilanka: Mr. Y.K. Sinha

• Srilanka to India: Sudharshan Seneviratne

• India to Mauritius:Shri Anup Kumar Mudgal

• India to Seychelles: Mr.Sanjay Panda

• India to FIJI:Gitesh Sharma

• India to Australia : Mr. Sunjay Sudhir

• Australia to India: Patrick Suckling

• India to Myanmar: Gautam Mukhopadhay

• India to US: Dr. S. Jaishankar

• US to India: Richard Rahul Verma

• Japan to India: Mr. Takeshi Yagi

• India to japan: Deepa Gopalan Wadhwa

• India to Nepal: Ranjit Rae

• Nepal to India: Deep Kumar Upadhyay

• India to brazil: Sunil Kumar lal

• Indian High to newzeland:Commissioner Ravi Thapar

#Latest presidents & Countries --2015 • ARGENTINA -Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner

• CROTIA --Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic (WOMEN)* FIRST

• DENMARK --Lars Lokke Rasmussen

• FINLAND --Sauli Niinisto

• GREECE -Prokopis pavlopuols

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• ITALY -Sergio Mattarella

• IVORY COAST --Alassane Ouattara

• KAZASTHAN --Nursultan Nazarbayev

• NIGERIA --Muhammadu Buhari

• POLAND -Andrzej Duda

• SRILANKA --Maithripala Sirisena

• SUDAN -Omar al-Bashir

• TANZANIA--Jakaya Kikwete

• TOGO --Faure Gnassingbe

• TURKEY -Ahmet Davutoglu

• UZEBEKISTAN -Islam Karimov

• ZAMBIA --Edgar Lungu

#Latest prime minsters & countries --2015 • SRILANKA -- wickramasinge

• EGYPT -Ibrahim Mahlab

• ETHOPIA--Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe

• ESTONIA -Taavi Roivas

• SPAIN -Mariano Rajoy

• UK --David Cameron

OPERATION RECENT 1. Operation shiva __smooth conduct 59-day-long annual Amarnath Yatra in J&k

2. Operation Rahat__Recover of indian from yemen_4000 people rescue

3. Operation Maitri__ NEPAL earth quake

4. Operation lehar__ hudhud storm

5. Operation Megh Rahat__ Jammu & Kahmir floods

6. Operation Surya _ Indian army helping hand uttarkhand floods

7. Operation Rahat__ Indian Airforce helping hand uttarkhand floods

8. Operation All Out __ Against bodo miltants

9. Operation Green Hunt __ govt of India's paraforces state's forces against the Naxalites

10. Operation Red Spider__ AML of ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank and Axis Bank.

11. Operation Maitri - Nepal

12. Operation Sistachar - Delhi police

13. Operation Shiva - Amarnath Yatra

14. Operation Muskan - Gurgaon Police

15. Operation Smile - Ghaziabad Police

16. Operation Talash - Dornier End

#committes

GOVT committes

1. Union Government formed a Committee to oversee 125th Bhim Jayanti celebrations--MODI

2. Union Ministry of Finance constituted Committee on Revisiting & Revitalizing PPP Model--Vijay

Kelkar

3. Union Government constituted Task Force on Interlinking of Rivers--BN Navalawala

4. Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry committee to simplify clearances --Ajay Shankar

5. Union Government constituted SIT to reinvestigate 1984 anti-Sikh riot cases--Pramod Asthana

6. Union Government constituted to suggest a framework to assess CSR activities--Anil Baijal

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7. Union Cabinet reconstituted Empowered Committee on setting up of Semiconductor Wafer FAB

projects--V K Saraswat

8. Committee recommended single window system for environment projects--Subramanium

9. Union Government set up to examine constitution of SIT on 1984 anti-Sikh riots-Mathur committee

10. Union Finance Ministry constituted High Level Committee to hear industry's tax issues--Ashok Lahiri

11. Union Government constituted committee to provide Bankruptcy code for SMEs--Vishwanathan

12. Panel submitted its report with guidelines on government ads--Madhava Menon

13. Committee reported most deemed universities not fit for being a university--H Devaraj

14. Union Finance Ministry constituted panel to evaluate unclaimed PPF--H R Khan

15. Bombay High Court set up Committee to conduct forensic audit of NSEL--V V Daga

RBI Committes

1. Report of Committee on Data Standardization-- P. Parthasarathi

2. Report of the Internal Working Group (IWG) to Revisit the Existing Priority Sector Lending

Guidelines-- Lily Vadera

3. Report of the Committee on Capacity Building in Banks and non-Banks-- G Gopalakrishna

4. Report of the Internal Working Group on Implementation of Counter-cyclical Capital Buffer-- B.

Mahapatra

5. Report of the Committee on Data and Information Management in the Reserve Bank of India--Shri

D.K.Mohanty

6. Estimates of Productivity Growth for the Indian Economy --B N Goldar

7. Report of The Committee to Review Governance of Boards of Banks in IndiA--P.J.Nayak

8. Report of the Working Group on Resolution Regime for Financial Institutions-- Anand Sinha

9. Report of the GIRO Advisory Group--Umesh Bellur

10. Report of the Group on Enabling PKI in Payment System Applications--Anil Kumar Sharma

11. Report of the Working Group on Pricing of Credit--Shri Anand Sinha

12. Report of the Committee to Recommend Data Format for Furnishing of Credit Information to Credit

Information Companies--Aditya Puri

13. Implementation Group on OTC Derivatives Market Reforms--R. Gandhi

14. Report of the Committee on Financial Benchmarks--P. Vijaya Bhaskar

15. Report of the Technical Committee on Mobile Banking--B Sambamurthy

16. Report of the Technical Committee on Enabling Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in Payment System

Applications-- Anil Kumar Sharma

17. Report of the Expert Committee to Revise and Strengthen the Monetary Policy Framework--Urjit

Patel

18. Committee on Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income Households-

-Nachiket Mor

SEBI COMMITTES recent

1. Alternative Investment Policy Advisory Committee (AIPAC)--N.R. Narayana Murthy

2. Secondary Market Advisory Committee (SMAC)--Jayanth R. Varma

3. SEBI Committee on Disclosures and Accounting Standards (SCODA)--Ishaat Hussain

4. Advisory Committee for the SEBI Investor Protection and Education Fund--Shri K.V.Kamath

5. Risk Management Review Committee (RMRC)---J. R. Varma Professor

6. committee on Clearing Corporations --K. V. kamath Chairman

7. SEBI Advisory Committee on Mutual Funds--Janki Ballabh

8. Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) -- Dr. Ashok Jhunjhunwala

9. High Level Committee for reviewing the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading)--Justice N.K. Sodh

10. 1Corporate Bonds and Securitization Advisory Committee (CoBoSAC)--Shyamala Gopinath

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Railway committes

1. Mobilization of Resources for Major Railway Projects &Restructuring of Railway Ministry and

Railway Board___ Bibek Debroy

2. ways and means to raise the revenue of Indian Railways__D.K.mittal

3. High Level Safety Review Committee under the chairmanship __ Dr. Anil Kakodkar

4. Indian Railways Vision 2020__Rakesh Mohan

5. Expert Group on Modernization of Railways _Sam Pitroda

6. Committee on Creative Financing for Indian Railways_ Montek Singh Ahluwalia

RECENT BILLS & ACTS passed

• INDO -BANGLADESH land boundary bill __ 119th amendement_ Both houses

• Repeating and amending bill -2015 __ both houses

• The right of TRANSGENDER persons bill -2014 -- rajyasabha

• Black money and imposition of tax bill -2015 -- rajyasabha

• Compesatory Afforestaion fund bill cleared-- rajyasabha

• Juvenile Justice bill -2015 __ both houses _ age reduced from 18 -to -16

• Whistle blower protection act --passed by cabinet

• The coal mines bill-2015__ parliament

• Mines & minerals amendement bill -2015 __ parliament

• MOTOR-VEHICLES Amendement bill -2014 __ Loksabha_ FOR e-rickshaws

• Public premises Amendement bill _2014 _ passed by loksabha

• Electricity amendemnt bill 2014 _ passed by loksabha

• Apprentice bill -- passed by loksabha

• SC-related bills passed by -- parilament_ haryana,karnataka,odsiha,dadra& nagar haveli

• Anti -corrupt act -- cleared by cabinet

• Homi-pathy act --clears by cabinet

• NID -BILL national institute design bill2013 __ rajyasabha

• Real- Estate Regulation development bill __ cabinet clears the bill

• National judicial appointments commission bill __ 124th amen__now ACT

• Land aqusition bill 2014__ govt approved ordiance for ease to land aqusition law

• The Securities Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2014--passed by both houses

• The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Bill, 2014-- passed by both houses

STATE BILLS

• Anti -terror bill -- gujarat

• Tamil nadu govt passed dhoti bill

• Maharastra bans dance bars -- assembly passed bill

• Rajasthan --first state to ratifies NJAC bill

• Banning beef bill passed by --maharastra & haryana & rajasthan

• Gujrat local authorities law amendement bill __ compulsory voting

• Minimum educational eligibility bill for panchayat election – rajasthan

#SUMMITS & VENUES

International

• G20 Meeting -- 2015 Turkey, Antalya , 2016 --China

• APEC Summit --27th APEC Summit 2015 – Philippines , 2016 – Lima, 2017 – Hano, Vietnam

• Nuclear Security Summit - 4th Nuclear Security Summit 2016 : United States

• Indian science congres--2015 --- mumbai, 2016 -- mysore

• G8 NOW --G7 _Summit -- 2015 – Schloss Elmau (Germany)

• BRICS Summit -7th BRICS Summit 2015 – Ufa, Russia , 2016--india , newdelhi

• SCO summit -- 2015 --Ufa, Russia

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• SAARC Summit -5th SAARC health minister meet - new delhi,19th -- islamabad , pakistan

• ASEAN Summit -26th ASEAN summit 2015 -- Langkawi , Kuala Lumpur

• NATO summit 2016-- Warshaw , poland

• 4th BIMSTEC Summit 2015--- Nepal

• Global earth hour 2015 - Seoul

• Arab Summit 2015 --Cairo

• SANSKRIT summit - 2015-- bangkok

• 23rd CHOGM 2015--Portlouis,Mauritius

• world water summit 2015--Athens , greece

• UN climate change conference 2015 - PARIS

• New Jersey to host International Hindi Conference in April 2015

• The Economist Insurance Summit 2015--united kingdom

• 8th India-Republic of Korea Joint Commission meeting --South Korea

• EU-US 2015 -- United States and the European Union --Brussels

• 8TH IRENA -- international renewable energy agency -- Abu dhabi

• 6th International Nuclear Energy Forum Atomexpo 2014 --Moscow

• 3rdUN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction -- Sendai, Japan

• 13th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice --- Doha

National summits

• Pravasi Bharatiya Divas --2015 -- Gujarat (Gandhinagar) ,2016-- AGRA

• RE-Invest 2015-- New Delhi

• 29th Indian Economy Summit in-- Delhi

• PERTOTECH summit -2015 -- New delhi

• 15th Sustainable Development Summit--Delhi

• 3rd India 2015 –Africa Forum Summit - New Delhi

• World Diamond Conference 2015-- New Delhi

• 1st Renewable Energy Global Investors Meet & Expo-- NEW delhi

• 1st World ocean science congress -- kochi

• 11th METRO POLIS CONGRESS --HYDERABAD

• 7th Global Insurance Summit 2014--Hyderabad

• Global Investors meet o Global Investors Meet 2015 --Chennai

• 1st Counter-Terrorism Conference 2015 held in Jaipur

• 7th Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2016-- INDIA

• World Congress on Information Technology in 2018--Hyderabad

• 18th National Conference on e-Governance held in-- Gujarat

• New Jersey to host International Hindi Conference in April 2015

• 8th India-Republic of Korea Joint Commission meeting --South Korea

• 77th Annual Convention of Presiding Officers of Legislative Bodies held in Lucknow

#Fortune /Forbes / World /Asia-pacific/Britain -2015

1. World Billioniers list 2015 tops -CHINA

2. Richest person on the planet_2015-- BILL GATES

3. Richest Women In The World 2015--Christy Walton(WALMART)

4. The World's Richest BILLIONIER 2015 -- BILL GATES

5. The World's Youngest Billionaires under 40--2015 --Evan Spiegel & Bobby Murphy--Snapchat

cofounders

6. The World's Highest-Paid Superstars Of 2015--Floyd Mayweather

7. The World's Highest-Paid Athletes-- 2015 --Floyd Mayweather

8. Asia's 50 Power Businesswomen--2015--Lucy Peng(ALIBABA)

9. FORBES india rich list 2015 -- Dilip sangavi

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10. Top 20 Richest Indian Celebrity in 2015--salman khan

11. FORBES 50 power ful women list - india women --Arundhati bahattchary(SBI)

12. FORBES most powerful person - 2015 -- Modi- 15 *

13. FORBES -Bussiness person of year 2014 - LARRY PAGE

14. FORTUNE -500 india biggest country --IOC*

15. Wealth-X list-2015 under 40 age billioners--Arun Pudur (INDIA)-- cel frame

16. Forbes Global 2000 companies in 2015--USA

17. FORTUNE 100 Best Companies to Work For-- GOOGLE

18. FORTUNE WORLD'S GREATEST LEADERS-2015--TIM COOK

19. FORTUNE Worlds Billonier list 2015 tops -CHINA

20. Fortune 500 companies _ 2015--wall mart

21. FORTUNE_The 100 Best Workplaces for Millennials in 2015_ power home remodelling group

22. Fortune Magazine's 40 under 40-- 2015 __Travis Kalanick-Uber

23. Richest woman in Britain 2015--Kirsty Bertarelli

24. TIMES--Britain richest sportsperson 2015 --Lewis hamilton

25. Wealth-X list-2015 under 40 age billioners--Arun Pudur (INDIA)-- cel frame

26. luxury publishing group Huran Report-- world rischest countries --USA,CHINA,INDIA

27. Most 5 influential medicine makers 2015--ANTHONY FACUI --USA

28. Most 5 influential medicine makers 2015--KIRAN AMZUMDAR SHAH-INDIA

29. Expensive cities in 2015 by WEALTH -X REPORT -Luanda, Angola

30. Least expensive cities in 2015 --Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

# SCIENCE & TECHONOLOGY & DEFENCE

1. MEGA-TROPHICS -- INDO -FRENCH - satellite mission watercycle in the tropical atmosphere

2. NAVIAGATION SATELLITES _

IRNSS -1A_PLV-C22

IRNSS - 1B_PLV-C24

IRNSS - 1C_PSLV-C26

IRNSS -1D_ PSLV-C27

3. GSLV MARK -3 -X launched --CARE crew module atmospheric reentry experiment

4. GSAT- 16 - INSAT-3E decommissioned satellite by ISRO

PLANETS & SPACECRAFTS

1. MERCURY -- Messenger -- NASA

2. VENUS--- Venus express-- ESA

3. MARS--- Curiosity ,Maven-- NASA , India --MOM

4. JUPITER--- Juno-- NASA

5. SATURN--Cassini --Hugyens --NASA & ESA

6. URANUS-- Voyager-NASA

7. NEPTUNE ---Voyager 2 -- NASA

8. PLUTO -- New horizons

9. *MOON-- Mangalayaan

INDIA DEFENCE & NAVAL EXERCISES

• AJAI__Indian army excise

• AKRAMAN-2__ Indian army — Rajasthan

• FOAL EAGLE__South korea & USA

• GARUDA__India-france_ Air exercise

• HAND-HAND _India & China

• INDRA__India & russia

• JIMEX __India & japan

• KOMADO-2014 –Indonesia

• MALBAR –US & India

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• MARITIME-coperation — India & china & pakistan

• MILAN __India & 16 countires

• MITRA SAKTHI__India & srilanka

• NASEEM AL-BAHR__India & oman

• PEACE ANGLE__Pakistan & China

• PASSEX -- india & china

• RANDI __china& pakistan

• SAR- search & rescue-- INDIA & china

• SARDAR VIJAY__Indian airforce exercise_rajasthan

• SARVADA VIJAY __ Indian army _ rajasthan

• SHATRUJEE__ India & USA

• SHADE__Naval forces of india,japan,china

• START__Russia & USA

• SIMBEX__ India & singapore

• SURYA-KIRAN__India & nepal

• SILK ROUTE 2015__sri lanka & china

• TROPEX __ India naval exercise__ Indian ocean & Bay of bengal & Arbian sea

• YUDH-ABHYAS__India & US

• VARUNA__India&France

RECENT INS projects commissioned 2014-15

• INS Vikrant __decommissioned -- mumbai

• INS Vikramditya __aircraft carrier --Sevmash Shipyard in Russia__ modi

• INS Viraat __ Aircraft carrier -- westernnaval command __ Arun jaitley

• INS Arihant __ first indigenously nuclear submarine__ vishakptnam

• INS Kamorta _ First indigenoulsy anti-submarine _ kolkatta

• INS Shakti , INS Ranvijay, INS Shivalik __ particpated in INDRA-2014 NAVAL exercise

• INS Kolkatta __guided missile destroyer __ mumbai __ modi

• INS Sumitra __ (NOPV)naval offshore patrol vessel __ chennai _ R.k.dhowan

• INS Kalvari __ First scorpine class__ mazagon docyard _ mumbai

• INS Vishakpatnam __ Biggest stealth destroyer __Mumbai

• INS Sardarpatel __ Naval base __ GUJARAT__ R.k.dhowan

• INS CHAKRA - First nuclear submarie leased from russia

• Recent decommisioned -- INS VIRAT , INS VIKRANT

Other countries recent defence

• PAKISTAN --BURRAQ- Drone ,BARQ -- Laser guided missile ,SHAHPAR - UAVs,Shaheen - 2 & 3 -

ballistic missile ,RAAD - nuclear capabale cruise missile ,HATF-VI - ballistic missile

• CHINA --*Wu-14 -- Hypersonic strike vehicle , Yaogan -23 Remote sensing satellite ,DF-41 - multi

war head super ballistic missile ,CHANG'e-5 --unmanned space craft

• INDIA - ISRAEL-- LRSAM missile tested -70km range

• JAPAN--IZUMO - largest warship - visted by manoharparikar.

• European agency--BEAGLE -2 / mars express

• SPACE -X launched falcon 9 rocket from florida

• RUSSIA--Angara - A5 rocket W/missile attack warning spy

• *CBERS 4 -- china & brazil - earth resources satellite

• * ARSAT-1 -- Argentina domestic commuincation satellite

DEFENSE AGGREMENTS

• Pipavav shipyard, Anil Ambani goes big on defence

• kalyani group -- with ISREAL RAFALE

• 300 — Spike anti-missile tanks — ISRAEL

• 200 — SUKHOI -latest– RUSSIA– 5th generation

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• 197 — Light ultra helicopters –CHIRIOOK /APACHE –USA

• 126 — MMRCA — france

• 114 — DHANUSH GUNS–indigenious

• 106 — PILATUS aircraft –Switzerland

• 100 — MIG -21 J

• 56 — Transport aircraft for india airforce

• 36 — DASAULT RAFALE — ready to fly — FRANCE

• 16 — Multi role Helicopter –BOEING –USA

• 15 — Amphbious patrol aircraft –JAPAN

• 4 — CHINTAL from india -to – afganistan

HEADS & DEFENCE CHIEFS

• NSA — AJIT DOVEL

• NAVAL — R.K.DHOWAN

• AIRFORCE — Arup Raha

• ARMY — Dalbir Singh Suhag

• ITBP — krishna chowdary

• BSF — Devendra Kumar Pathak

• CRPF — Prakash Mishra

• NSG — J N Choudhury

• DRDO — S Christopher

• HAL — TS Raju

• BEL — S.K. SHARMA

• BDL — V.UDAYA BHASKAR

• ISRO — Kiran kumar

• VSSC-- K.SIVAN

• SHAR -- P.kunhi krishnan

• LPSC -- S.bandopadyyya

• RAW — Rajinder Khanna

• CBI — Anil Kumar Sinha

• IB — Dineshwar Sharma

Recent power projects -2015

• ARUN -3 hydro power project india helps - nepal

• RINL -- commissions green power project pollution free - 120 MWcapcity

• SPVs (Special purpose vehicles) coal locked states project -- chattisgarh , jharkahand , odhisa

• BHEL - 800MW - Kothagudam - telengana

• BHEL commission 147MW power plant in rwanda

• BHEL , russian firm INTMA ink powerplant in Kazakhstan

• BHEL commissioned 600MW thermal unit at dhabra in chattisgarh --600MW

• ADANI -Largest solarpark -- rajasthan --10000MW

• MODI - Inaugurated -- power plant khandwa district Mdhya pradesh- 600 MW

• MODI - Inauagrated 2nd unit palatana power project in tripura

• REWA - 750MW solar project - MADHYA PRADESH

POPULATION CENSUS -2011

• It has been conducted every 10 years, beginning in 1871.

• Census 2011 were released in New Delhi on 31st March 2011

• Union Home Secretary GK Pillai and RGI C Chandramouli.

• Census 2011 was the 15th census of india & 7th census after Independece

• The motto of census 2011 was “Our Census, Our future”.

• Total estimated cost of the Census was INR2200 crore (US$350 million).

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• First census in 1872.

• Present Registrar General & Census Commissioner – C.Chandra Mouli

• Total Population – 1,210,569,573 (1.21 Billion)

• India in 2nd rank in population with 17.64%. decadal growth & China is 1st rank with decadal

growth 19% (over 1.35 billion)

• World Population is 7 Billions

• Increase in population during 2001 – 2011 is 181 Million

• Population – 1210.19 million [Males – 623.7 million (51.54%) Females – 586.46 million (48.46%)

Top Populous of the State

1.Uttar Pradesh --19,98,12,341

2.Maharashtra--11,23,74,33

3.Bihar--10,40,99,452

4.West Bengal--9,12,76,115

5.Andhra Pradesh--8,45,80,777

Least Populous of the State

1. Lakshadweep 64,473

2. Daman and Diu 2,43,247

3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli 3,43,709

4. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 3,80,581

5. Sikkim 6,10,577

Population Highlight

• Highest Populous UT-Delhi

• Least Populous UT-Lakshadweep

• Highest Populous state --Uttar Pradesh

• Least populous state--Sikkim

• Highest urban Population in india (state& UT)--Maharashtra – 4,11,00,980

• Lowest urban Population in india (state& UT)--Lakshadweep – 26,967

• Highest Rular Population in india (state& UT)--Uttar Pradesh – 13,16,58,339

• Lowest Rular Population in india (state& UT)--Lakshadweep – 33,683

• Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males) Sex ratio in India--943

• Highest sex ratio in state--Kerala (1084)

• Lowest sex ratio in state--Haryana (879)

• Highest sex ratio in UT--Pondicherry (1037)

• Lowest sex ratio in UT--Daman and Diu (618)

• Child (0-6 years) sex ratio--914

• Highest child (0-6) sex ratio in state--Mizoram (971)

• Lowest child (0-6) sex ratio in state--Haryana (830)

• Total Person Literacy Rate--74%

• Males--82.14%

• Females--65.46%

• Highest Literacy Rate in State--Kerala (94%)

• Lowest Literacy Rate in State--Bihar (61.8%)

• Hightest Literacy Rate in UT--Lakshadweep (91%)

• Lowest Literacy Rate in UT--Dadra and Nagar Haveli (76.24%)

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CENSUS -2011

1. First Economic census since 1932

2. Relesed by M.r.ARUN JAITELY

3. National stastical commission chairman -- pronab sen

Important points

• 1 IN 3 Rural household are landless

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• Total housholds--24.39 crores

• Rural poverty level--25.7%

• census--640 districts covered

• Rural households--17.91 crores

• Deprived household--10.69 crores

• without a salaried jobs--90.3%

• Landless house holds --56%

Parameters considered

• Source of income, Literacy/education, Water supply, power supply, employement, women /quality

of living, Households

HIGHLIGHTS

• Women population--48%

• Transgender--0.1%

• Unmarried--41.6%

• Currently married --40%

• Divorced--3.5%

• 5 Members average household size among 12.8% out of them are headed by women

• Illerate --36%

• Literate --64%

• Crossed higher secondary--5.4%

• graduated form colleage --3.4%

State performance

• Highest illterate state -- Rajasthan --47.6%

• Lowest illterate state -- Lakshdweep -- 9.3% , Kerala -- 11.4%

• DELHI best state for completed graduate -- 9.6%

• Highest widow population -- puducherry --6% Followed by kerala -- 5.5 %

WATER/POWER

• 50 lakh household are not aware of drinking water facility

• 20 laksh housholds having no electricity facility

LABOUR

• Manual labour -51%

• 90% of housholds with out salaried jobs

• 35 Lakhs with no household incomes

• 43000 House hold incomes --beggining stage

RGI (Religion)Census 2011

Total Population in 2011 is 121.09 crores

• Hindu 96.63 crores (79.8%)

• Muslim 17.22 crores (14.2%)

• Christian 2.78 crores (2.3%)

• Sikh 2.08 crores (1.7%)

• Buddhist 0.84 crores (0.7%)

• Jain 0.45 crores (0.4%),

• Other Religions & Persuasions (ORP) 0.79 crores (0.7%)

• Religion Not Stated 0.29 crores (0.2%).

Proportion

The proportion of Hindu population to total population in 2011 has declined by 0.7 percentage point (PP);

the proportion of Sikh population has declined by 0.2 PP and the Buddhist population has declined by 0.1

PP during the decade 2001-2011. The proportion of Muslim population to total population has increased

by 0.8 PP. There has been no significant change in the proportion of Christians & Jains.

Growth Rate

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The growth rate of population in the decade 2001-2011 was 17.7 %. The growth rate of population of the

different religious communities in the same period was as Hindus: 16.8%; Muslim: 24.6%; Christian: 15.5%;

Sikh: 8.4%; Buddhist: 6.1% and Jain: 5.4%.

#SPORTS EVENTS important

F-1 Grand Prix winners this year -2015

• Lewis Hamilton --AB^3C^2 --A-- Australian,B-- Bharaian , British , Belguim , C -- Chinese , Canada

• Nico Rosberg -- SAM, S -- Spanish, A-- Austrian ,M -- Monoco

• Sebestaian vettel --HM (Hindustan motors )H -Hungarian ,M -- Malaysian

AUSTRALIAN-2015

• MENS SINGLES --Novak Djokovic & WOMEN SINGLES -- Serena Williams

• MENS DOUBLES --Fabio Fognini/ Simone Bolelli

• WOMEN DOUBLES --Lucie Safarova/Bethanie Mattek-Sands

• MIXED DOUBLES -- Leander Paes/Martina Hingis

FRENCH OPEN-2015

• MENS SINGLES -- Stanles wawrincka& WOMEN SINGLES --Serena Williams

• Men's Doubles--Ivan Dodig / Brazil Marcelo Melo

• Women's Doubles--Bethanie Mattek-Sands / Lucie Safrova

• Mixed Doubles--Bethanie Mattek-Sands / United States Mike Bryan

WIMBLEDON OPEN -2015

• MENS SINGLES --Novak Djokovic & WOMEN SINGLES --Serena Williams

• MENS DOUBLES --Jean-Julien Rojer / Romania Horia Tecau

• WOMEN DOUBLES --Martina Hingis / Sania Mirza • MIXED DOUBLES--Leander Paes / Switzerland Martina Hingis

# BEST-OF-BEST ABBREVATIONS

#A

ACF --Auto-Correlation Function

AD-- Authorized Dealer

ADB --Asian Development Bank

ADR-- American Depository Receipt

AFS-- Annual Financial Statement

AGM-- Annual General Meeting

AIRCSC --All India Rural Credit Survey Committee

AO --Additive Outliers

AR-- Auto Regression

ARIMA-- Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average

AFS-- Available For Sale

ASSOCHAM --Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India

ATM--Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATM --Automated Teller Machine

#B

BIS --Bank for International Settlements

BOI --Bank of India

BoP-- Balance of Payments

BPSD --Balance of Payments Division,

BSR --Basic Statistical Returns

#C

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CAD --Capital Account Deficit

CAG --Controller and Auditor General of India

CBS-- Consolidated Banking Statistics

CC-- Cash Credit

CD --Certificate of Deposit

CDR--Credit Deposit Ratio

CDBS --Committee of Direction on Banking Statistics

CF-- Company Finance

CFRA-- Combined Finance and Revenue Accounts

CGRA-- Currency and Gold Revaluation Account

CII --Confederation of Indian Industries

CO --Capital Outlay

CP-- Commercial Paper

CPI --Consumer Price Index

CPI-IW Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers

CR --Capital Receipts

CRAR --Capital to Risk Weighted Asset Ratio

CRR-- Cash Reserve Ratio

CSIR --Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

CSO --Central Statistical Organisation

CVC --Central Vigilance Commission

#D

DAP-- Development Action Plan

DBOD-- Department of Banking Operations and Development

DCB-- Demand Collection and Balance

DCCB-- District Central Cooperative Bank

DD-- Demand Draft

DDS --Data Dissemination Standards

DEIO --Department of External Investments and Operations

DI-- Direct Investment

DICGC-- Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India

DID--Discharge of Internal Debt

DMA --Departmentalized Ministries Account

DRI --Differntial Rate of Interest Scheme

DSBB --Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board

DVP --Delivery versus Payment

#E

ECB --External Commercial Borrowing

ECB-- European Central Bank

ECGC-- Export Credit and Guarantee Corporation

ECS --Electronic Clearing Scheme

EDMU --External Debt Management Unit

EEA --Exchange Equalization Account

EEC-- European Economic Community

EEFC --Exchange Earners Foreign Currency

EFR-- Exchange Fluctuation Reserve

EPF-- Employees Provident Fund

EUR-- Euro

EXIM --Bank Export Import Bank of India

#F

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FCA --Foreign Currency Assets

FCCB-- Foreign Currency Convertible Bond

FCNR(B)-- Foreign Currency Non-resident (Banks)

FCNRA --Foreign Currency Non-resident Account

FCNRD-- Foreign Currency Non-Repatriable Deposit

FDI --Foreign Direct Investment

FEMA-- Foreign Exchange Management Act

FI-- Financial Institution

FICCI --Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry

FII-- Foreign Institutional Investor

FIMMDA--Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India

FISIM --Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured

FLAS --Foreign Liabilities and Assets Survey

FOF-- Flow Of Funds

FPI-- Foreign Portfolio Investment

FRA --Forward Rate Agreement

FRBM --Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003

FRN-- Floating Rate Note

FSS -Farmers’ Service Societies

FWG-- First Working Group on Money supply

#G

GDP-- Gross Domestic Product

GDR-- Global Depository Receipt

GFD --Gross Fiscal Deficit

GFS-- Government Finance Statistics

GIC-- General Insurance Corporation

GLS --Generalized Least Squares

GNIE-- Government Not Included Elsewhere

GoI --Government of India

GPD --Gross Primary Deficit

G-Sec-- Government Securities

#H

HDFC-- Housing Development Finance Corporation

HFT --Held For Trading

HICP-- Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices

HUDCO-- Housing & Urban Development Corporation

# I

IBRD-- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

IBS --International Banking Statistics

ICAR-- Indian Council of Agricultural Research

ICICI --Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India

ICMR-- Indian Council of Medical Research

IDB-- India Development Bonds

IDBI-- Industrial Development Bank of India

IDD --Industrial Development Department

IFAD-- International Fund for Agricultural Development

IFC-- International Finance Corporation

IFCI --Industrial Finance Corporation of India

IFR --Investment Fluctuation Reserve Account

IFS-- International Financial Statistics

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IGLS-- Iterative Generalized Least Squares

IIBI --Industrial Investment Bank of India

IIP --Index of Industrial Production

IMD-- India Millennium Deposits

IMF-- International Monetary Fund

IN-- India

INR-- Indian Rupee

IOTT --Input-Output Transaction Table

IRBI-- Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India

ISDA-- International Swaps and Derivative Association

ISIC-- International Standard Industrial Classification

ISO-- International Standards Organization

ITRS-- International Transaction Reporting System

IWGEDS-- International Working Group on External Debt Statistics

#L

LAF-- Liquidity Adjustment Facility

LAMPS --Large-sized Adivasi Multipurpose Societies

LBD --Land Development Bank

LBS --Locational Banking Statistics

LERMS-- Liberalised Exchange Rate Management System

LIC-- Life Insurance Corporation of India

LTO-- Long Term Operation

#M

M1 --Narrow Money

M3-- Broad Money

MIGA-- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

MIS-- Management Information System

MMSE-- Minimum Mean Squared Errors

MSS --Market Stabilisation Scheme

MT-- Mail Transfer

MTM-- Mark-To-Market

#N

NABARD-- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

NAS --National Account Statistics

NASSCOM --National Association of Software and Services Companies

NBC --Non-Banking Companies

NBFC-- Non Banking Financial Companies

NEC --Not Elsewhere Classified

NEER-- Nominal Effective Exchange Rate

NFA --Non-Foreign Exchange Assets

NFD-- Net Fiscal Deficit

NGO-- Non-Governmental Organization

NHB-- National Housing Bank

NIC --National Industrial Classification

NIF --Note Issuance Facility

NNML --Net Non-Monetary Liabilities

NPA --Non-Performing Assets

NPD-- Net Primary Deficit

NPRB --Net Primary Revenue Balance

NPV --Net Present Value

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NRE-- Non-Resident External

NRG --Non-Resident Government

NRI-- Non-Resident Indian

NSC --National Statistical Commission

NSSF-- National Small Savings Fund

#O

ODA --Official Development Assistance

OECD-- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

OECO --Organisaton for Economic Co-operation

OFI --Other Financial Institutions

OLTAS --OnLine Tax Accounting System

OMO --Open Market Operations

OSCB-- Other Indian Scheduled Commercial Bank

#P

PACF-- Partial Auto-Correlation Function

PACS --Primary Agriculture Credit Societies

PCARDB-- Primary Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank

PD-- Primary Deficit

PDAI-- Primary Dealers Association of India

PDO-- Public Debt Office

PDO-NDS-- Public Debt Office-cum-Negotiated Dealing System

PDs-- Primary Dealers

PES-- Public Enterprises Survey

PF --Provident Fund

PIO --Persons of Indian Origin

PRB --Primary Revenue Balance

PSE-- Public Sector Enterprises

PUC-- Paid Up Capital

QRR --Quick Review Report

#R

RD-- Revenue Deficit

RE-- Revenue Expenditure

REC --Rural Electrification Corporation

REER-- Real Effective Exchange Rate

RFC-- Residents Foreign Currency

RIB-- Resurgent India Bonds

RIDF-- Rural Infrastructure Development Fund

RLA-- Recoveries of Loans & Advances

RLC --Repayment of Loans to Centre

RNBC-- Residuary Non-Banking Companies

RoCs-- Registrars of Companies

RPA-- Rupee Payment Area

RPCD-- Rural Planning and Credit Department, RBI

RR --Revenue Receipts

RRB --Regional Rural Bank

RTP --Reserve Tranche Position

RUF-- Revolving Underwriting Facility

RWA-- Risk Weighted Asset

#S

SAM-- Social Accounting Matrix

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SAS --Statistical Analysis System

SCARDB-- State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank

SCB-- State Cooperative Bank

SCB-- Scheduled Commercial Bank

SCS --Size Class Strata

SDDS-- Special Data Dissemination Standards

SDR --Special Drawing Right

SEBI --Securities and Exchange Board of India

SEBs-- State Electricity Boards

SFC-- State Financial Corporation

SGL-- Subsidiary General Ledger

SGSY-- Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarrojgar Yojana

SHGs --Self-Help Groups

SIDBI-- Small Industries Development Bank of India

SIDC-- State Industrial Development Corporation

SI-SPA --Systems Improvement Scheme under Special Project Agriculture

SJSRY-- Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana

SLR-- Statutory Liquidity Ratio

SLRS-- Scheme for Liberation & Rehabilitation of Scavangers

SMG --Standing Monitoring Group

SNA-- System of National Accounts

SRWTO --Small road & Water Transport Operators

SSI --Small-Scale Industries

SSSBEs --Small Scale Service & Business Enterprises

SWG-- Second Working Group on Money Supply

#T

TBs --Treasury Bills

TC-- Temporary Change

TT --Telegraphic Transfer

#U

UBB-- Uniform Balance Book

UBD-- Urban Banks Department

UCB-- Urban Cooperative Bank

UCN --Uniform Code Number

US --United States

USD-- US Dollars

UTI-- Unit Trust of India

VC --Venture Capital

#W

WGMS-- Working Group on Money Supply

WPI --Wholesale Price Index

WSS-- Weekly Statistical Supplement

YTM --Yield to Maturity

#FINANCIAL AWARNESS

Highlights of RBI’s 2nd Bi-Monthly Monetary Policy

• Short—term lending rate (repo) cut by 0.25 per cent to 7.25 per cent

• Cash Reserve Ratio unchanged at 4 per cent

• Statutory Liquidity Ratio retained at 21.5 per cent

• Inflation expected to rise to 6 per cent by January 2016

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• Growth forecast lowered to 7.6 per cent for 2015-16 from 7.8 per cent projected in April.

• RBI Estimates Current Account Deficit at 1.5% in FY16

• Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 16 July 2015 permitted Cooperative Banks with Core Banking

Solution (CBS) to issue ATM cards/ATM-cum-debit cards in tie with a sponsor banks. The decision

was taken by the RBI in an attempt to move towards a less-cash economy and with an aim to

inculcate the habit of using electronic payment channels among bank customers.

• Following are the criteria to become a sub-member of NFS:

i. Core Banking Solution (CBS) fully implemented

ii. Licence for conducting banking business Introduction from sponsor bank (a bank having

ATM network connectivity)

iii. Connectivity with National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI)

iv. The decision is in addition to the earlier decision of the RBI taken on 16 April 2015 to allow

State Cooperative Banks (StCBs) to install offsite/ mobile ATMs as per their need and

potential in their area of operation.

• However, they were allowed to install mobile ATMs only with prior permission of the RBI and

subject to satisfyingthe following criteria:

i. CRAR not being less than 9 per cent

ii. No default in maintenance of CRR/SLR during the preceding financial year

iii. Net NPA being less than 5 per cent

iv. The bank should have a track record of regulatory compliance and no monetary penalty

should have been imposed on the bank on account of violation of RBI directives/guidelines

during last two financial years

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 15 July 2015 constituted a committee to work out a five-year

(medium-term) action plan for financial inclusion. The 14-member panel will be headed by RBI

executive director Deepak Mohanty. The Committee will work to spread the reach of financial

services to unbanked population.

• To review the existing policy of financial inclusion including supportive payment system and

customer protection framework taking into account the recommendations made by various

committees set up earlier.

• To study cross country experiences in financial inclusion to identify key learnings, particularly in the

area of technology-based delivery models, that could inform our policies and practices.

• Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 16 July 2015 directed banks to ensure that their overall direct

lending to farmers should not fall below the average of last three years. The direction was given by

RBI against the backdrop of government expressing concern over adverse impact of any reduction

in direct credit, given the adverse weather conditions. Further, the RBI warned the banks that direct

lending below the target set for priority sector lending will attract usual penalties. The apex bank

also said that banks should also continue to maintain efforts to reach the level of 13.5 percent

direct lending to beneficiaries who earlier constituted the direct agriculture sector.

• The RBI has asked banks to consider the due date on which the customer is supposed to pay the

minimum amount towards credit card dues while calculating the 90-day period beyond which the

customer will be considered an NPA if there is no payment made.

• The Reserve Bank signed a special currency swap agreement with the Central Bank of Sri Lanka that

will allow the latter to draw up to USD 1.1 billion. Under the arrangement, the Sri Lankan bank can

draw up to USD 1.1 billion for a maximum period of six months. This special arrangement is in

addition to the existing Framework on Currency Swap Arrangement for the SAARC member

countries. In March, RBI had signed a Currency Swap Agreement with the Central Bank of Sri Lanka

for USD 400 million under the existing SAARC Currency Swap Framework within the overall limit of

USD 2 billion.

2. MONTHLY-FINANCIAL AWARNESS

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AUGUST

RBI norms to push more loans to farmers

In a bid to strengthen credit flow to small and marginal farmers, RBI has asked banks to ensure that direct

lending to non-corporate farmers does not fall below the systemwide average of the last three years

achievement

RBI on fair value for recast exercise

RBI said that a rate equal to the actual interest rate charged to the borrower before restructuring may be

used to discount future cash flows for the purpose ofdetermining the diminution in fair value of loans

onrestructuring.

RBI tightens NPA rule on credit card dues

Past due' status of a credit card account for the purpose of asset classification would be reckoned from the

payment due date mentioned in the monthly credit card statement. Consequently, in case of banks, a

credit card account will be treated as Non-Performing Asset if the minimum amount due, as mentioned in

the statement, is not paid fully within 90 days from the payment due date mentioned in the statement

RBI allows issue of prepaid cards by mass rapid operators

RBI has given its final nod for introducing a new category of semi-closed Prepaid Payment Instruments

(PPI) for Mass Transit Systems (PPI-MTS) to encourage migration

from cash to electronic payments. Among other features, these instruments will be re-loadable, can have a

balance limit of up to `2,000 and come with minimum validity of

six months from the date of issue.

Banks should make use of CRILC

RBI has asked banks to make use of the information available in Central Repository of Information on Large

Credits (CRILC) while opening current accounts of customers. They should not just limit their due diligence

to seeking a No-Objection Certificate (NOC) from the bank with whom the customer is supposed to be

enjoying the credit facilities.

RBI's revised MIBOR method

With the introduction of Financial Benchmarks India Limited - Overnight MIBOR on July 22, 2015, RBI has

revised the methodology for the Fixed Income, Money Market and Derivatives Association of India

(FIMMDA) - National Stock Exchange - Overnight Mumbai Interbank bid / offer rate (overnight MIBID /

MIBOR) benchmark in India.

RBI on credit concentration norms

RBI will give leeway to NBFCs in determination of credit concentration norms for their investments made in

companies in the same group / subsidiaries of NBFCs, provided these investments have been reduced to

the extent such amount exceeds 10 per cent of the Owned

Funds

NBFCs need RBI nod for acquisition, transfer of

control

As per a RBI notification, in cases of acquisition / transfer of control of NBFCs, parties to the transaction

will need to give prior public notice and seek its approval. NBFCs will have to give public notice of at least

30 days before effecting the sale or transfer of ownership through sale of shares, or transfer of control

with or without sale of shares.

RBI for account aggregator NBFC

Reserve Bank will put in place a regulatory framework to allow a new kind of Non-Banking Finance

Company (NBFC), which could act as an account aggregator to enable the common man to see all his

accounts across financial institutions in a common format. The idea of such an NBFC had emanated from

the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC).

India, US sign FATCA to curb tax evasion

From September 30, 2015, India and the US will start sharing information about bank accounts or financial

investments made by their citizens in each other's countries. This move will help curb offshore tax

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evasions. Both countries, signed an Inter Governmental Agreement (IGA) to implement the Foreign

Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) to promote transparency on tax matters

Black money : rules for valuation of foreign assets notified

According to the rules notified for implementation of a one-time compliance window under the Black

Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015, anyone having

undisclosed foreign assets abroad will now have to pay tax and a penalty on the sum of deposits made

since opening the account.

RBI constitutes committee on financial inclusion

RBI has constituted a committee for working out a medium-term (five-year) measurable action plan for

financial inclusion. The terms of reference will include reviewing the existing policy of financial inclusion,

including supportive payment system & customer protection framework, and considering the

recommendations made by various earlier committees

Securitization market set for take-off

Insurance, Pension and Mutual Funds can play an important role in the Indian securitisation market as they

can invest long term and at the same time have the risk appetite, capacity and expertise for taking

exposures to the lower tranches. However, the Pension Funds are not allowed to invest in securitisation

PTCs and Insurance companies are allowed to invest in high

investment grade AAA securities only.

Monetary policy panel to have three RBI members

The proposed Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) will have three members from RBI instead of two

proposed earlier, under a revised draft of the Indian Financial Code (IFC). Due to the code, the present

system of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) governor solely deciding the monetary policy actions (such as interest

rate) will be replaced by an MPC taking such decisions by majority. As per the revised draft, the MPC would

be headed by RBI chairperson and would include an executive member of its board and one of its

employees nominated by the chairperson, apart from four members appointed by the

government.

RBI expands loan recast forbearance for NBFCs

RBI has expanded the scope of forbearance on restructured loans of projects for Non Banking Finance

Companies (NBFCs) by bringing them on par with banks, Now, lenders can classify restructured loans as

standard, in case a project is stuck for a total 6 years, provided the final two year delay is due to a change

in ownership.

RBI eases cash delivery via LAF

Worried over volatility on intra-day call money days, RBI will offer funds to banks via the fixed rate repo

and reverse repo windows on a real-time basis. RBI aims to keep overnight rates close to the repo rates i.e.

7.25%

New Basel III norms will affect growth

According to Mr. S. S. Mundra, Deputy Governor, RBI, the new international regulatory measures under

the Basel III norms would have an adverse impact on the economic growth and all countries need to brace

up to this fact

Insurers' approved investments can only be in CNX200,

BSE200 companies In its new draft on investments, IRDAI has said that only the equity investments in

CNX200 or BSE200 can be considered as approved investments. Other approved instruments for

investment would also include debentures by first charge on immovable

property.

IRDAI group to explore opportunities in insurance e-commerce

IRDAI is constituting two groups - one in life insurance and one in general insurance - to explore

opportunities in the e-commerce sector. They are inclined to facilitate the promotion of e-commerce in

insurance space to reduce the cost of transacting insurance business along with bringing higher efficiencies

and greater reach.This will suitably leverage the government's Digital India initiative aimed at creating a

digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. The panels have been formed with captains of

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industry as members including Mr. Sandeep Bakshi, CEO, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Prudential Life

Insurance Company Ltd., and Mr. Tapen Singhel, CEO, Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company Ltd. They

will identify opportunities of e-commerce in the insurance sector, recommend technological solutions for

e-commerce, suggest regulatory and other facilitation measures for the growth of e-commerce and

synergize with Centre's Digital India initiative.

GDP to grow 8% in FY16; hit $3-trillion mark in five years

According to Dr. Arvind Panagariya, Vice-Chairman, NITI Aayog India's growth rate is expected to

accelerate to 8% in the current financial year and the economy will surpass the $3 trillion mark in less than

five years.

JULY

RBI directive on pay package for non-executive directors

RBI has asked the Board of Directors to formulate a comprehensive compensation policy, including

payment in the form of profit-related commission, for nonexecutive directors (other than the Part-time

Chairman) of private banks.

RBI announces measures on SDR

Under a new Strategic Debt Restructuring (SDR) scheme, banks, as majority owners, can find professionals

to run the company and then divest stake in order to recover their dues. RBI has proposed a slew of

measures, including setting a timeline of 30 days from the review of the restructured loan account for

invoking the SDR.

Banks allowed to invest in long-term bonds of other banks, with rider

RBI has allowed banks to invest in long term-bonds of other banks, subject to conditions whereby not more

than 20% of the primary issue size of a bond issue is allotted to banks. Presently banks are not permitted to

cross-hold long-term bonds issued specifically for the purpose of financing of infrastructure and affordable

housing loans among themselves. Banks' investment in such bonds will not be treated as 'assets with the

banking system in India' for the purpose of calculation of Net Demand and Time Liability (NDTL).

RBI asks big borrowers to hedge against price risks

RBI has advised banks to encourage large agricultural borrowers, such as agricultural commodity

processors, traders, millers, aggregators etc. to hedge their commodity price risks with the use of

derivatives. Banks provide a number of credit facilities to customers engaged in

activities related to agriculture.

RBI eases norms for banks to raise foreign money

With a view to providing greater flexibility in seeking access to overseas funds RBI has permitted

Authorised Dealer Category-I banks to borrow from international / multilateral financial institutions

without approaching Reserve Bank for a case by case approval. These shall include International /

Multilateral Financial Institutions of which Government of India is a shareholding member or which have

been established by more than one government or have shareholding by more than one government and

other international organizations

RBI proposes net stable funding ratio for banks under Basel III

RBI has proposed that banks maintain a minimum 100% net stable funding ratio under Basel-III guidelines

to have access to stable sources of funding on a continued basis. Banks will have to maintain a Net Stable

Funding Ratio (NSFR) from January 2018.

RBI allows airlines, affordable housing project developers to tap overseas funds

RBI has reviewed the scheme of raising ECB for working capital as a permissible end-use, under the

approval route for civil aviation sector. It will continue till March 31, 2016, with the same terms and

conditions. Similarly, the scheme of raising ECBs for low-cost affordable housing

projects will continue for the financial year 2015-16.

FM asks PSBs to chalk out five-year recap plan

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The Finance Ministry has asked PSBs to draw up a five-year capitalization schedule to prepare them to lend

support to its long-term growth plans. This marks a departure from the existing practice of capital

allocation on the basis of annual requirements to ensure banks complied with capital adequacy norms

FM proposes tax rebate on card payments

India is looking to incentivize the use of credit and debit cards by offering tax rebates to merchant

establishments and consumers. High-value transactions may be made mandatory through electronic

means and an additional levy may be imposed on cash payments above a certain level, to curb black

money

New banks : Bandhan gets final RBI nod

Bandhan Financial Services has got the final approval from RBI to become a full fledged bank. The new

Bandhan Bank will be head-quartered in Kolkata and will launch operations in August. Bandhan, the

country's largest micro-finance institution, bagged RBI's inprinciple approval to set up a bank. All of

Bandhan's existing business and existing clients will be transferred to the bank. The core focus will be

retail, rural and MSMEs (micro, small and medium enterprise).

FM pushes for uniform reserve price on bad assets

To ensure that ARCs carry out better due diligence before buying an asset, in August 2014 RBI mandated

that they hold a minimum of 15% (instead of earlier 5%) of the Security Receipts issued by them against

the stressed / bad assets acquired by them. Thus, ARCs pay a bank 15% of the price of the loan that is

agreed upon with the banks and for the remaining amount, they issue security receipts as compensation to

the bank consequent upon sale of these assets.

RBI warns against misuse of collateral in share trading

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cautioned against the use of collateral by the clearing members for

purposes other than intended for, as the securities are transferred into an omnibus account.

India among top 10 FDI destinations in 2014

According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Unctad)'s World Investment

Report 2015, India has moved up six places to become one of the top 10 destinations for Foreign Direct

Investment (FDI) in 2014. FDI inflows into India were $34 billion

in 2014, up 22% from $28 billion in 2013. In fact, inflows into the country were 83.5% of South Asia's $41.2

billion, including Iran and the seven other member nations of the South Asian Association for Regional Co-

operation (SAARC)

ADB to increase annual lending to India to $4 billion

Over the next few years, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has decided to increase lending to India, from

an annual average of $3 billion to $4 billion in order to support new initiatives that target higher growth

and reduce poverty, said Mr. Takehiko Nakao, the visiting President of ADB.

JUNE

The Housing Development Finance Corp (HDFC)

the largest mortgage lender in the country, on 8 Jun said its board of directors had approved fund-raising

worth `5,000 cr simultaneously by secured redeemable non-convertible debentures (NCDs) and warrants.

Restructuring bad loans

In a significant move to provide a more flexible process for lenders to recover bad loans, the Reserve Bank

of India (RBI) on 8 Jun allowed banks to acquire 51 per cent or more stake in companies defaulting after

restructuring of their loans

Utility bills

Utility bills can now be submitted as proof of address for opening account with banks or other financial

institutions, the Reserve Bank of India said on 11 Jun.

The govt has decided to infuse capital in public sector banks (PSBs) based on the requirement of individual

lenders. The govt has asked PSBs to make detailed presentations on their capital requirement for the

current financial year. If the govt is convinced that a bank needs funds, then it will infuse capital. The govt

has earmarked `7,940 cr for capital infusion in PSBs in 2015-16

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The Asian Development Bank (ADB)

has decided to increase its lending to India as part of efforts to support the country’s new initiatives that

target higher growth and reduced poverty. From being an average $ 3-bn annual lender, ADB will move

towards annual lending of $ 4 bn to India in next few years. This was announced by the visiting ADB Bank

President Takehiko NAkao

After a gap of more than a decade, a new private sector lender will start operations from Aug 23. The

Kolkatabased micro financier, Bandhan Financial Services, received the final approval from the Reserve

Bank of India on 17 Jun morning. The bank will not give loans to the corporate sector, at least for the time

being, and focus on its strength, that is serving the bottom of the pyramid category. The lender will start

with 600 branches, of which 200 will be in metro and urban areas and the remaining in semi-urban and

rural areas

loan against shares

In probably a first-of-its-kind ‘loan against shares’ (LAS) offering, HDFC Bank is allowing customers to

design their own loans. The entire loan offering is digitised and is aimed at reducing the time taken for the

loan approval and disbursement from four to eight days (across the industry) to 24 hours.

Rupay ,India’s own card payment system floated by the National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI)

would roll out RuPay Credit cards from next year.

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the apex bank for all central banks, has complimented the

Indian banking authorities for their substantial reforms and alignment with the Basel framework. The

Indian Basel III framework for bank risk-based capital requirements came into force in Apr 2013

world banks with RGTIL

The Reliance Gas Transportation Infrastructure Ltd (RGTIL), an unlisted company owned by India’s richest

man, Mukesh Ambani ,has received a generous loan-restructuring package from Indian banks after the

company incurred huge losses in the past few years.

The multilateral lender world bank on 3 june approved $250mn loan for Jhelum and Tawi flood Recovery

Project for reconstruction of flood-affected public infrastructure in jammu&Kashmir.The project will be

funded by credit from World Bank’s concessionary International Development Association (IDA). The loan

has a maturity of 25 years, including a 5-year grace period.

World Bank hleps tamilnadu for urban development project

The central govt has signed a deal with the World Bank for a $400mn loan for an urban development

project in Tamil Nadu. The size of the project is $600 mn, of which $400 mn would be financed through the

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

Based on the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) members’ GDP weight in the world economy,

China will become the bank’s largest shareholder, followed by India and Russia. China is likely to have a

30.85% share in the bank, followed by India with 10.4 per cent.

‘Green PIN’ scheme

The second-largest private sector lender HDFC Bank has decided to discontinue issuing slips after cash

withdrawals at ATMs and will alert the customer through SMSes. The bank will roll out the scheme across

its network of over 11,700 ATMs by the end of Jun. The bank witnesses an average of 2 cr cash withdrawals

every month at its ATMs. The switch to paperless mode will help it save about `10 cr a year spent on paper.

This is a part of the digital initiative for the bank, under which it had last year launched the ‘Green PIN’

scheme, wherein card-users were given the PIN numbers electronically rather than in a printed kit.

SBI tie up with snapdeal

The State Bank of India (SBI) is aggressively trying to grab a piece of the business in the digital commerce

space. The country’s largest lender on 20 May signed a memorandum of understanding with Amazon to

develop payment and commerce solutions for customers and small businesses. The SBI also inked two

MoUs—one with e-commerce major Snapdeal and the other with digital payments company, PayPal.

The ICICI Bank launched voice recognition service

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which authenticates customers based on their speech patterns and allows them to execute banking

transactions through the bank’s call centre in a quick, secure and convenient manner. The first-of-it-kind

service by a bank in the country, it is available to over 33 mn customers of its savings account and credit

card.

ANZ Bank

will open two more branches in India by early next year. The two branches would be opened at Gurgaon

and Bangalore. The bank opened its first branch in India at Mumbai four years ago

The wage revision

Following a pact between public sector bank (PSB) employees and officers with the management, all

branches in the country will remained closed on all second and fourth Saturdays from July. IBA has also

signed a wage settlement pact with the United Forum of Bank Unions and a few others, for a 15 per cent

increase in salary and allowances to about a million employees. The wage revision is with effect from Nov

1, 2012, and is valid for five years.

Five of the world’s largest banks

including JPMorgan Chase & Co and Citigroup Inc, were fined roughly $5.7 bn, and four of them pleaded

guilty to US criminal charges over manipulation of foreign exchange rates, authorities said on 20 May. A

fifth bank, UBS AG, will plead guilty to rigging benchmark interest rates, the US Justice Department said.

UnionPay International

Chinese tourists and people working in India may soon be able to use automated teller machines (ATMs)

and point of sale (PoS) terminals in the country to withdraw cash in the Indian currency. The National

Payments Corporation of India(NPCI),an agency backed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) that processes

retail transactions in India, has signed an agreement with UnionPay International, its counterpart from

China, to allow Chinese customers to use ATMs and PoS terminals in India.

The Reserve bank of India(RBI) on 21 May relaxed rules for Indian companies to raise money in rupees

from overseas lenders. The overseas lenders will have to enter into currency swap transactions with their

overseas banks, who in turn will provide rupees by tapping a bank in India for extending funds in rupees to

the corporate.

liberalised remittances scheme

The govt has issued rules to raise limit on funds individuals can take abroad under liberalised remittances

scheme. The limit has been raised to $2.5 lakh (about `1.6 cr) from the current $1.25 lakh (about `80 lakh).

The RBI had announced this increase in the Feb monetary policy.

Jan Dhan Yojana envisages

Only 8,000 account holders have availed of the overdraft (OD) facility under the Jan Dhan Yojana,

according to govt sources. The Jan Dhan Yojana envisages extending households an overdraft facility of

`5,000 after satisfactory operation of accounts. As the overdraft can be offered only in accounts operated

for over six months, only those that were opened before Oct 31 are currently eligible for the facility

Japan unveiled

Japan unveiled a plan on 21 May to provide $110 bn in aid for Asian infrastructure projects, as China

prepares to launch a new institutional lender that is seen as encroaching on the regional financial clout of

Tokyo and its ally Washington.

point of sales (PoS) terminals

To reduce cash transactions in the economy and boost the usage of cards and point of sales (PoS)

terminals, the Union finance ministry and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have set up a committee to look at

ways to encourage use of plastic money. The committee has representatives from National Payments

Corporation of India, State Bank of India and ICICI Bank.

world’s first facial-recognition ATM

China has unveiled the world’s first facial-recognition ATM, which will not allow users to withdraw cash

unless their face matches their IDs. The machine was created by Tsinghua University and Hangzhou-based

technology company Tzekwan.

Kotak Mahindra Bank and ING Bank

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have joined hands for exploring opportunities arising from cross-border business, investment and trade

flows across various regions, including Europe. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to this effect was

signed in the presence of the visiting Netherlands PM Mark Rutte to India on 5 Jun.

benchmark index Sensex

The private sector electricity producer Tata Power moved out of the stock market benchmark index Sensex

and was replaced by pharmaceuticals company Lupin. Adani Power is to be excluded from the S&P BSE 100

and be replaced by Aurobindo Pharma. In addition, Tata Motors. class ‘A’ shares or DVR shares will also be

included in BSE 100. Asia’s oldest exchange also removed Canara Bank and Bank of India from the Bankex,

and replaced 26 companies from the BSE 500 index by introducing 27 stocks as part of their index

rebalancing.

The Forward Markets Commission

(FMC) will have to complete all pending investigations before its merger with the securities market

regulator, Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi). This is one of the key conditions put by Sebi,

working to ensure a smooth transition from being a stock market regulator to one for commodities, too.

The commodities regulator is being merged with Sebi following an announcement in the Union budget in

Feb.

MAY

UCBs eye NextGen tag with credit cards

By allowing Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) to issue credit cards, RBI has allowed new avenue to

traditional banks to emerge as NextGen banks. Dr. Raghuram Rajan, Governor,RBI said “in order to enlarge

the scope and businessof UCBs, the Financially Sound and Well-Managed (FSWM) scheduled UCBs, which

are CBS-enabled and having minimum net worth of `100 crore, will now be allowed to issue credit

cards.Similarly, with a view to providing greater freedom to state co-operative banks to expand their

business and to provide technology-enabled services to their customers, it has been decided to permit

State Co-operative Banks satisfying certain eligibility criteria to set up off-site ATMs / mobile ATMs without

obtaining prior approval from the Reserve Bank of India.

Parliament passes Payments and Settlement Bill

The Parliament has passed a Bill that seeks to address theproblem of insolvency in the payment and

settlement system by increasing transparency and stability and bringing India's banking payment system in

sync withinternational practices. The amendment seeks to protect funds collected from the customers by

the payment system providers. It also seeks to extend the Act to cover trade repository and legal entity

identifier issuer.

RBI liberalises norms for taking position in exchange-traded currency derivatives

Foreign Portfolio Investors can take position - both long (bought) as well as short (sold) - in foreign

currency up to USD 10 million or equivalent per exchange . As a measure of further liberalisation, it has

now been decided to increase the limit (long as well as short) for FPIs in USD-INR pair upto USD 15 million

per exchange. In addition, FPIs shall be allowed to take long (bought) as well as short (sold) positions in

EUR-INR, GBP-INR and JPY-INR pairs, all put together, upto USD 5 million equivalent per exchange. These

limits shall be monitored by the exchanges and breaches, if any, may be reported.

Banks get further flexibility in debt recast if promoter changes

RBI has given banks additional time for classifying a restructured asset as non-performing by extending the

Date of Commencement of Commercial Operations (DCCO) by up to two years for projects whose

ownership changes. The DCCO might get further extension of two years (more) for infrastructure projects

stuck due to court cases. An extension of one year is granted beyond the two year period quoted above,

when the project is delayed due to reasons beyond the control of the promoters (other than court cases).

Provisioning pertaining to fraud accounts

RBI has decided to prescribe auniform provisioning norm in respect of all cases offraud. The entire amount

due to the bank (irrespectiveof the quantum of security held against such assets),or for which the bank is

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liable (including in case ofdeposit accounts), is to be provided for over a period not exceeding four quarters

commencing with the quarter in which the fraud has been detected. However, where there has been

delay, beyond the prescribed period, in reporting the fraud to Reserve Bank, the entire provisioning is

required to be made at once. In addition, Reserve Bankof India may also initiate appropriate supervisory

action where there has been a delay by the bank in reportinga fraud, or provisioning there against.

RBI tightens rules for export credit to repay rupee loans

RBI has tightened the rules for granting long-termexport advances to curb the practice of using

tradefinance to retire old rupee loans. The facility for long-term export advances was primarily being

utilized for refinancing rupee loans of borrowers, instead of using it to execute long-term supply contracts

for export of goods.

RBI raises borrowing limit of NBFC-MFI clients

RBI has allowed Non Banking Financial Company-Microfinance Institutions (NBFC-MFIs) to increase the cap

on the borrowing limit of their clients by `50,000 to `1 lakh. In order to widen the scope, it has been

decided that loan disbursed by an NBFC-MFI to a borrower with a rural household annual income not

exceeding `1,00,000 or urban and semi-urban household income not exceeding `1,60,000 would be eligible

to be defined as a qualifying asset.

Banking units in IFSC must have capital of at least $20 million

RBI has mandated capital of at least $20 million forsetting up banking units in the International Financial

Services Centre (IFSC) near Gandhinagar, Gujarat. Both Indian banks and Foreign banks in India have to

adhereto this requirement. Banks seeking to set up units within special financial zones could only transact

in currencies other than the rupee. All prudential norms applicable to overseas branches of Indian banks

would apply to IFSC Banking Units (IBUs). Specifically, these units would be required to follow the 90 days'

payment delinquency norm for income recognition, asset classification and provisioning as applicable to

Indian banks.

Banks Can Now Offer Differential Rates to Fixed Deposit Holders

Banks are now allowed to offer differential rates of interest on term deposits on the basis of tenor for

deposits less than `1 crore and on the basis of quantum and tenor onterm deposits of `1 crore and above.

Banks will havethe discretion to offer differential interest rates based on whether the term deposits are

with or without-premature-withdrawal-facility, subject to certain conditions. Under new guidelines all term

deposits of individuals (held singly or jointly) of `15 lakh and below should, necessarily, have premature

withdrawal facility, for others, banks can offer deposits without the option of premature withdrawal as

well.

RBI issues guidelines for identification of Wilful Defaulters

RBI said that the evidence of wilful default on the partof the borrowing company and its promoter / whole-

time director at the relevant time should be examinedby a Committee headed by an Executive Director

and consisting of two other senior officers of the rank of GM / DGM. If the Committee concludes that an

event of wilful default has occurred, it shall issue a Show Cause Noticeto the concerned borrower and the

promoter / whole-time director and call for their submissions and after considering their submissions issue

an order recordingthe fact of wilful default and the reasons for the same.

At 9.75%, non-food credit grows lowest in a decade on slowdown

Banks' non-food credit grew at the lowest pace in a decade in FY 2014-15 as a slow-down in the economy

crimped fresh loan demand from corporate and a sharp fall inbond yields drove companies to take

recourse to the bond market. As on March 20,2015 non-food credit rose 9.75% to an outstanding 64.70

lakh crore. Loan off-take to manufacturing companies plummeted to 6% in February2015, the lowest since

RBI began decimating it in 2007.

RBI scraps ceiling on buyer's credit for project exports

In order to push project exports, RBI has scrapped thelimit on banks to extend buyer's credit. RBI has

withdrawn the earlier ceiling of $20 million for buyer's credit extended to foreign buyers for export of

goods on deferred payment terms and turn-key projects from India. The step has been taken to further

liberalizing the procedures for export of goods and services.

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Banks turn to BCs to make Jan Dhan accounts operational:

As of February, 2015, about 13.68 crore accounts wereopened by PSBs, RRBs and Private Sector banks

under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). However, out of these, about 8.60 crore accounts

have zero balance and the Indian Banks' Association (IBA) is now working on making them operational. IBA

has suggested that Banking Correspondents (BCs)be imparted the necessary training to help operationalize

and make these accounts viable. There are 2.5 lakh BCs providing banking services especially in the

unbanked and under-banked areas ofthe country. The IBA, banks, NABARD and the Indian Institute of

Banking and Finance (IIBF) have drawn up a road-map to familiarise BCs with banking products and

financial services like micro insurance, micro pensions, etc. to make them available to the target group.

Easier KYC for sole owner companies to open Co-opbank A/cs

Relaxing KYC norms, RBI has allowed sole proprietor firms to open accounts in urban, state and central co-

operativebanks by submitting a single proof of their business (instead of two documents as were required

earlier), if it is not possible for them to submit two documents. However, the banks would have to

undertake contact point verification, collect such information as would be required to establish the

existence of such firm, confirm, clarify and satisfy themselves that the business activity has been verified

from the address of the proprietary concern.

RBI fixes ceiling on MSS balance:

Reserve Bank of India, in accordance with the provisionsof the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on

the Market Stabilisation Scheme (MSS) with Government of India, the ceiling for the outstanding balance

under the MSS for the fiscal year 2015-16 has been fixed at `50,000 crore. This ceiling will be reviewed

when the outstanding balance reaches the threshold limit of `35,000 crore. The current MSS outstanding

balance is nil.

Need for more options to trade in currencies:

Mr. G. Padmanabhan, Executive Director, RBI hasproposed more options instruments to trade in currencies

and shifting more of other currency debt into rupee debt. He opines “There is a need to appropriately

incentivize the move away from foreign currency debts to rupee debts even as the position of overall

indebtedness is prudentially managed. We propose to pursue this matter further in a calibrated manner.”

Differentiated banking is key to financial inclusion

Mr. R. Gandhi, Deputy Governor, RBI while delivering th the 10 Sri Narayanan Memorial Lecture at Sastra

University Campus in Tamil Nadu said that there are diverse opportunities in the banking and financial

landscape reflecting significant macro-economic growth potential in India and differentiated licensing

could enable unlocking potential of these opportunities as it encourages niche banking by facilitating

specialisation thereby reducing potential non-optimal use of resources.

Motor third party premiums for FY 2015-16

From 1st April 2015, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has hiked the

vehicle insurance premiums depending on the typeof vehicle owned. However, Insurers are not permitted

to cancel the current insurance policies and issue fresh policies to effect new premium rates. The schedule

of premium rates shall be prominently displayed on the Notice Board of every underwriting office of the

insurers where it can be viewed by the public.

Insurance FDI cap increased to 49%:

The extant FDI policy for the insurance sector has been reviewed and further liberalized. On 1 April 2015,

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has notified thegovernment's decision to raise Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

limit in the insurance sector to 49%, subjectto revised conditions. Also, a new activity viz. “Other Insurance

Intermediaries appointed under the provisions of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act,

1999 (41 of 1999)” has been included within the definition of 'Insurance'.

APRIL

Launch of Mudra Bank

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Shri. Narendra Modi, honourable Prime Minister ofIndia launched MUDRA (Micro Units Development and

Refinance Agency) Bank on April 8, 2015. Arun Jaitely, Finance Minister, in his Budget Speech for 2015-16,

had announced formation of MUDRA Bank, which aims to help 5.77 crore small business units in getting

institutional credit at cheaper rates. Initially, the bank will be carved out of SIDBI as a separate subsidiary

and will be registered as an NBFC.

All 56 Regional Rural Banks on RuPay Card & NACH system

National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has enabled all 56 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in

thecountry under its central payment systems network with RuPay cards and access to NACH (National

Automated Clearing House) service. With this engagement, 120 million customers at 19,000 bank branches

of all 56 Regional Rural Banks are now part of the nationalnetwork of electronic payment systems.

Social security rollout to happen with banks, insurers

The Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY),providing accidental death risk cover), Atal Pension

Yojana, for a defined pension and Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) for Life Insurance

Cover - will be implemented on a mission mode like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, with the full

backing of banks and insurance companies, said Dr. Hasmukh Adhia, Secretary, Department of Financial

Services, Ministry of Finance. The new schemes will be implemented initially through the existing bank

account holders. Their premium / pension amounts can be either deposited in their accounts or

automatically debited, provided the accounts have the required amount in them.

RBI changes public deposit rules for NBFCs

Reserve Bank of India made revisions to the norms forNon-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs). In case of

an unrated asset finance company, it shall obtain the minimum investment grade or other specified credit

rating on or before March 31, 2016. Those AFCs that do not get a minimum investment grade rating by

March 31, 2016, shall not renew existing deposits or accept fresh deposits thereafter. In the intervening

period, i.e. till March 31, 2016, unrated Asset Finance Companies or those with a sub-investment grade

rating shall only renew the existing deposits on maturity, and shall not accept fresh deposits, till they

obtain an investment grade rating.

RBI eases rules for contact-less cards

RBI in its draft guidelines has proposed easing the authentication process for buying products up to `2,000

using contact-less cards based on Communication (NFC)users to make payment by just waiving or touching

the card on a terminal kept at the merchant. Unlikecredit and debit cards there is no need for a

swipe.Banks can relax the Additional Factor of Authentication (AFA) requirement for transactions for a

maximum value of `2,000 per transaction in the case of contactless chip cards that adhere to the Europay-

MasterCard-Visa standards. However, banks are free to set lowerper-transaction limits. For transactions

above `2,000, Personal Identification Number will be mandatory.

Modification in guidelines on sale of Financial Assets to Reconstruction companies

Earlier RBI had permitted banks to reverse the excess provisions made on NPA sold on or after February26,

2014 to Securitisation Company / Reconstruction Company, if the sale value is for a value higher than the

Net Book Value (NBV), to their profit and loss account in the year the amounts are received. Banks can now

reverse the excess provision (when the sale is for a value higher than the NBV) on sale of NPAs (sold prior

to February 26, 2014 to SCs / RCs) to their profit and loss account. Reversal can be made only when the

cash received (by way of initial consideration and/or redemption of security receipts / pass through

certificates) is higher than the NBV of the NPAs sold to SCs / RCs.

RBI relaxes KYC norms for proprietary firms

RBI has relaxed the Know-You-Customer (KYC) norms for proprietary firms, for cases where banks are

satisfied that it is not possible to furnish two documents viz., registration certificate and utility bills as

activity proof. At such times, banks have the discretion to accept only one of those documents. However,

banks would have to undertake contact point verification; collect the requisite information to establish the

existence of such a firm; and confirm, clarify and satisfy itself that the business activity had been verified

from the address of the proprietary concern.

PSL loans for disabled people to be classified under weaker sections

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RBI has decided to classify Priority Sector Lending(PSL) loans to Persons with Disabilities (PwD), under the

Weaker Sections category. This guideline is applicable to all Scheduled Commercial Banks (except Regional

Rural th Banks) effective from 13 March, 2015.

Effective information management practices in Banks

Reserve Bank of India's committee on data standardisationhas called for effective information

management practices and robust management information systems in banks.In the past, RBI had

emphasised the importance of both quality and timeliness of data to enable transforming the data into

information which is useful for effective decision making purposes. To achieve this, uniform data standards

are of vital importance, it says. The Committee examined various dimensions of data standardisation

keeping in view the terms of reference and related aspects and provideddetailed recommendations in its

Report.

RBI for tighter bank exposure norms

As per the Basel Committee on Banking SupervisionStandards, the sum of all the exposure values of a bank

to a single counterparty or to a group of connected counterparties must, at all times, not be higher than

25% of the bank's available eligible capital base, i.e.,the effective amount of Tier 1 capital fulfilling

thecriteria defined in the Basel III Capital framework. At present, the exposure ceiling limits are fixed at

15% of capital funds in case of a single borrower and 40%of capital funds in the case of a borrower group.

Credit exposure to a single borrower is allowed to exceedthe exposure norm of 15% of the bank's capital

funds by an additional 5% (i.e. up to 20%) provided theadditional credit exposure is on account of

extension of credit to infrastructure project. Further an additional 5% leeway is given to the banks' board.

Banks set to reap treasury gains with falling bond yields

Banks are likely to protect their profit margins in the January-March quarter as they reap treasury gains

with falling bond yields following RBI's surprise rate cut. RBI reduced the key policy or benchmark

repurchase rate, at which banks borrow from RBI, by a quarter percentage point to 7.5%.Indian bonds

firmed up sharply. The 10-year benchmark bond yield dropped 15 bps to 7.61% - its lowest level since July

2013. Later, some profit-booking pared price gains and it closed at 8.69%.

Levelling field for NBFCs and banks

RBI has set out a road-map for NBFCs to classify their assets as non-performing if the borrower has not

paid for a consecutive period of 90 days. The proposal to give large NBFCs recourse to SARFAESI Act to

recover bad loans is a step towards creating a level playing field between large NBFCs and banks. While

banks follow the 90 days asset classification norm, different NBFCs follow anywhere between 90-days and

180-days for classifying a loan as bad loans.

Priority Sector Target

An internal panel of RBI has advised that the 40% target for Priority Sector Lending (PSL) be retained for all

banks, including foreign banks. The recommendations say foreign banks with 20 and more branches may

be given time till March 2018. They should present revised action plans to the regulator.Those with less

than 20 branches may be given time up to March 2020. There is continued need for making credit available

to various priority sectors on the grounds of growth and equity. So, the target for lending to the redefined

priority sector may be retained at 40% of Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC) or credit equivalent of off-

balance sheet exposure, whichever is higher, forall scheduled commercial banks uniformly.

Credit growth trails mop-up of deposits

As per RBI's latest data, bank credit growth continued to trail deposit mop-up and remained muted with a

mere 10.39% rise at `64,533.9 billion in the fortnight to February 20,2015. Bank deposits continued to

outpace credit demand rising 11.85% to `84,748.2 billion in the reporting fortnight. In the previous

fortnight, banks' credit had grown at 10.38%, while deposits increased by 11.77%. Banks' demand deposits

rose by 11.81% to `7,690.8 billion in the period.Time deposits rose by 11.85% to `77,057.5 billion.

Banker- Borrower relationship

Mr. S. S. Mundra, Deputy Governor, RBI said “Banks should observe timeliness in sanctioning and

disbursing the loans to the borrower and should provide handholding support especially in times of stress.

The bankers should be able to appreciate the business prospects of the borrower and be able and willing

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to logically reason with the borrower about the projections and assumptions. Loan pricing needs to be risk-

based, fair and transparent. The borrowers must focus on their core business rather than diversifying in

other areas. Excessive leverage run up by the Indian corporate is a matter of great concern.

Credit discipline will help reduce bad loans in education sector

As on March 31, 2014, the education segmentsaw bad loans of over 7.54% (for loans below `4lakh). Clearly,

borrowers are still oblivious of the consequences of non-repayment on their credit track record. In terms

of developing a credit culture amongst the future generation, the most important financial product is the

education loan. Mr. R. Gandhi, Deputy Governor, RBI at the seventh annual CIBIL Transunion Credit

Information Conference elaborated that it isvital for consumers to understand the importanceof

maintaining financial discipline and paying the Equated Monthly Instalments (EMIs) of their loansand credit

card dues regularly.

IRDAI issues norms for insurance marketing firms

Enterprising insurance agents and entrepreneurs can soon start their own insurance distribution

company.The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authorityof India (IRDAI) has released its final

guidelines on insurance marketing firms, which will be a new distribution category for insurance products.

With a minimum capital requirement of `10 lakh, an insurance marketing firm registered under these

regulations shall be permitted to solicit and procure insurance products of two life, two general and two

health insurance companies only. At the time of initial grant of registration (which will be valid for three

years), the insurance marketing firm will be permitted to set up offices only in one district of its choice.

They can apply for more areas at the time of renewal.

Forex reserves climb to all-time high

Reserve Bank of India's foreign exchange reserves reachedan all-time high of $339.99 billion for the week

ending March 20, 2015. The rise in reserves was $4.26 billion. This is the seventh time this year that

reserves touched an all-time high. Foreign currency assets, a key component, rose $4.54 billion to $314.89

billion. The reserves have been rising because RBI has been mopping dollar flows through state-run banks.

During the week, gold reserves remained unchanged at $19.84 billion.

New version of foreign exchange dealing platforms from April 6, 2015

The new version of foreign exchange dealing systems - FX-Clear and FX-Swap platforms with the Clearing

Corporation of India (CCIL) as counter-party from the point of trade, concluded in the order matching

mode, will go live from April 6, 2015. This will be in tandem with the payment versus payment in the

dollar/rupee settlement segment. This will allow members to trade on the platforms without any bilateral

limits with various counter-parties.

Cap on import credits, ECBs up

RBI has decided to extend the all-in-cost ceiling of trade credits for imports into India and External

Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) till March 31, 2015. For trade credit, the all-in-cost ceiling over six month

London Interbank Offers Rate (LIBOR) is 350 bps across various maturityperiods. The all-in-cost for ECBs

under average maturity of three years and up to five years is 350 bps over six-month Libor and for more

than five years it is 500 bps over six-month LIBOR.

3.Key financial terms

APR: It stands for Annual Percentage Rate. APR is a percentage that is calculated on the basis of the

amount financed, the finance charges, and the term of the loan.

ABS: Asset-Backed Securities. It means a type of security that is backed by a pool of bank loans, leases, and

other assets.

EPS: Earnings Per Share means the amount of annual earnings available to common stockholders as stated

on a per share basis.

CHAPS: Clearing House Automated Payment System. It’s a type of electronic bank-to-bank payment system

that guarantees same-day payment.

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IPO: Initial Public Offerings is defined as the event where the company sells its shares to the public for the

first time. (or the first sale of stock by a private company to the public.)

FPO: Follow on Public Offerings: An issuing of shares to investors by a public company that is already listed

on an exchange. An FPO is essentially a stock issue of supplementary shares made by a company that is

already publicly listed and has gone through the IPO process.

Difference: IPO is for the companies which have not been listed on an exchange and FPO is for the

companies which have already been listed on an exchange but want to raise funds by issuing some more

equity shares.

RTGS: Real Time Gross Settlement systems is a funds transfer system where transfer of money or securities

takes place from one bank to another on a “real time”. (‘Real time’ means within a fraction of seconds.)

The minimum amount to be transferred through RTGS is Rs 2 lakh. Processing charges/Service charges for

RTGS transactions vary from bank to bank.

NEFT: National Electronic Fund Transfer. This is a method used for transferring funds across banks in a

secure manner. It usually takes 1-2 working days for the transfer to happen. NEFT is an electronic fund

transfer system that operates on a Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) basis which settles transactions in

batches. (Note: RTGS is much faster than NEFT.)

CAR: Capital Adequacy Ratio. It’s a measure of a bank’s capital. Also known as “Capital to Risk Weighted

Assets Ratio (CRAR)”, this ratio is used to protect depositors and promote the stability and efficiency of

financial systems around the world. It is decided by the RBI.

NPA: Non-Performing Asset. It means once the borrower has failed to make interest or principal payments

for 90 days, the loan is considered to be a non-performing asset. Presently it is 2.39%.

IMPS: Inter-bank Mobile Payment Service. It is an instant interbank electronic fund transfer service

through mobile phones. Both the customers must have MMID (Mobile Money Identifier Number). For this

service, we don’t need any GPS-enabled cell phones.

BCBS: Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is an institution created by the Central Bank governors of

the Group of Ten nations.

RSI: Relative Strength Index.

IFSC code: Indian Financial System Code. The code consists of 11 characters for identifying the bank and

branch where the account in actually held. The IFSC code is used both by the RTGS and NEFT transfer

systems.

MSME and SME: Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), and SME stands for Small and Medium

Enterprises. This is an initiative of the government to drive and encourage small manufacturers to enjoy

facilities from banks at concessional rates.

LIBOR: London InterBank Offered Rate. An interest rate at which banks can borrow funds, in marketable

size, from other banks in the London interbank market.

LIBID: London Interbank Bid Rate. The average interest rate at which major London banks borrow

Eurocurrency deposits from other banks.

ECGC: Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India. This organisation provides risk as well as insurance

cover to the Indian exporters.

SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. It operates a worldwide financial

messaging network which exchanges messages between banks and other financial institutions.

STRIPS: Separate Trading for Registered Interest & Principal Securities.

CIBIL: Credit Information Bureau of India Limited. CIBIL is India’s first credit information bureau. Whenever

a person applies for new loans or credit card(s) to a financial institution, they generate the CIBIL report of

the said person or concern to judge the credit worthiness of the person and also to verify their existing

track record. CIBIL actually maintains the borrower’s history.

CRISIL: Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited. Crisil is a global analytical company providing

ratings, research, and risk and policy advisory services.

AMFI: Association of Mutual Funds of India. AMFI is an apex body of all Asset Management Companies

(AMCs) which have been registered with SEBI. (Note: AMFI is not a mutual funds regulator)

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FCCB: Foreign Currency Convertible Bond. A type of convertible bond issued in a currency different from

the issuer’s domestic currency.

CAC: Capital Account Convertibility. It is the freedom to convert local financial assets into foreign financial

assets and vice versa. This means that capital account convertibility allows anyone to freely move from

local currency into foreign currency and back, or in other words, transfer of money from current account to

capital account.

BANCASSURANCE: Is the term used to describe the partnership or relationship between a bank and an

insurance company whereby the insurance company uses the bank sales channel in order to sell insurance

products.

Balloon payment: Is a specific type of mortgage payment, and is named “balloon payment” because of the

structure of the payment schedule. For balloon payments, the first several years of payments are smaller

and are used to reduce the total debt remaining in the loan. Once the small payment term has passed

(which can vary, but is commonly 5 years), the remainder of the debt is due - this final payment is the one

known as the “balloon” payment, because it is larger than all of the previous payments.

CPSS: Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems

FCNR Accounts: Foreign Currency Non-Resident accounts are the ones that are maintained by NRIs in

foreign currencies like USD, DM, and GBP.

M3 in banking: It’s a measure of money supply. It is the total amount of money available in an economy at

a particular point in time.

OMO: Open Market Operations. The buying and selling of government securities in the open market in

order to expand or contract the amount of money in the banking system. Open market operations are the

principal tools of monetary policy. RBI uses this tool in order to regulate the liquidity in economy.

Umbrella Fund: A type of collective investment scheme. A collective fund containing several sub-funds,

each of which invests in a different market or country.

ECS: Electronic Clearing Facility is a type of direct debit.

Tobin tax: Suggested by Nobel Laureate economist James Tobin, was originally defined as a tax on all spot

conversions of one currency into another.

Z score is a term widely used in the banking field.

POS: Point Of Sale, also known as Point Of Purchase, a place where sales are made and also sales and

payment information are collected electronically, including the amount of the sale, the date and place of

the transaction, and the consumer’s account number.

LGD: Loss Given Default. Institutions such as banks will determine their credit losses through an analysis of

the actual loan defaults.

Junk Bonds: Junk bonds are issued generally by smaller or relatively less well-known firms to finance their

operations, or by large and well-known firms to fund leveraged buyouts. These bonds are frequently

unsecured or partially secured, and they pay higher interest rates: 3 to 4 percentage points higher than the

interest rate on blue chip corporate bonds of comparable maturity period.

ARM: Adjustable Rate Mortgage is basically a type of loan where the rate of index is calculated on the basis

of the previously selected index rate.

ABO: Accumulated Benefit Obligation, ABO is a measure of liability of pension plan of an organisation and

is calculated when the pension plan is terminated.

Absorption: A term related to real estate, it is a process of renting a real estate property which is newly

built or recently approved.

AAA: A type of grade that is used to rate a particular bond. It is the highest rated bond that gives maximum

returns at the time of maturity.

DSCR: Debt Service Coverage Ratio, DSCR is a financial ratio that measures the company’s ability to pay

their debts.

FSDC: Financial Stability and Development Council, India’s apex body of the financial sector.

ITPO: India Trade Promotion Organisation is the nodal agency of the Government of India for promoting

the country’s external trade.

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FLCC: Financial Literacy and Counseling Centres.

ANBC: Adjusted Net Bank Credit is Net Bank Credit added to investments made by banks in non-SLR bonds.

Priority sector lending: Some areas or fields in a country depending on its economic condition or

government interest are prioritised and are called priority sectors i.e. industry, agriculture.

M0, M1, M2 AND M3: These terms are nothing but money supply in banking field.

BIFR: Bureau of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction.

FRBM Act 2003: Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management act was enacted by the Parliament of India

to institutionalise financial discipline, reduce India’s fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management

and the overall management of the public funds by moving towards a balanced budget.

The main objectives of FRBM Act are:-

1. To reduce fiscal deficit.

2. To adopt prudent debt management.

3. To generate revenue surplus.

Gold Standard: A monetary system in which a country’s government allows its currency unit to be freely

converted into fixed amounts of gold and vice versa.

Fiat Money: Fiat money is a legal tender for settling debts. It is a paper money that is not convertible and is

declared by government to be legal tender for the settlement of all debts.

BCSBI: The Banking Codes and Standards Board of India is a society registered under the Societies

Registration Act, 1860 and functions as an autonomous body, to monitor and assess the compliance with

codes and minimum standards of service to individual customers to which the banks agree to.

OLTAS: On-Line Tax Accounting System.

EASIEST: Electronic Accounting System in Excise and Service Tax.

SOFA: Status of Forces Agreement, SOFA is an agreement between a host country and a foreign nation

stationing forces in that country.

CALL MONEY: Money loaned by a bank that must be repaid on demand. Unlike a term loan, which has a

set maturity and payment schedule, call money does not have to follow a fixed schedule. Brokerages use

call money as a short-term source of funding to cover margin accounts or the purchase of securities. The

funds can be obtained quickly.

Scheduled bank: Scheduled Banks in India constitute those banks which have been included in the Second

Schedule of RBI Act, 1934 as well as their market capitalisation is more than Rs 5 lakh. RBI in turn includes

only those banks in this schedule which satisfy the criteria laid down vide section 42 (6) (a) of the Act.

FEDAI: Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India. An association of banks specialising in the foreign

exchange activities in India.

PPF: Public Provident Fund. The Public Provident Fund Scheme is a statutory scheme of the Central

Government of India. The scheme is for 15 years. The minimum deposit is Rs 500 and maximum is Rs

70,000 in a financial year.

SEPA: Single Euro Payment Area.

GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The common set of accounting principles, standards and

procedures that companies use to compile their financial statements.

Indian Depository Receipt: Foreign companies issue their shares and in return they get the depository

receipt from the National Security Depository in return of investing in India.

Hot Money: Money that is moved by its owner quickly from one form of investment to another, as to take

advantage of changing international exchange rates or gain high short-term returns on investments.

NMCEX: National Multi-Commodity Exchange.

PE RATIO: Price to Earnings Ratio, a measure of how much investors are willing to pay for each dollar of a

company’s reported profits.

CASA: Current Account, Savings Account.

CAMELS: CAMELS is a type of Bank Rating System. (C) stands for Capital Adequacy, (A) for Asset Quality,

(M) for Management ,(E) for Earnings, (L) for Liquidity and (S) for Sensitivity to Market Risk.

OSMOS: Off-site Monitoring and Surveillance System.

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Free market: A market economy based on supply and demand with little or no government control.

Retail banking: It is mass-market banking in which individual customers use local branches of larger

commercial banks.

Eurobond: A bond issued in a currency other than the currency of the country or market in which it is

issued.

PPP: Purchasing Power Parity is an economic technique used when attempting to determine the relative

values of two currencies.

FEMA Act: Foreign Exchange Management Act, it is useful in controlling HAWALA.

Hawala transaction: It’s a process in which large amount of black money is converted into white.

Teaser Loans: It is a type of home loans in which the interest rate is initially low and then grows higher.

Teaser loans are also called terraced loans.

ECB: External Commercial Borrowings, taking a loan from another country. Limit of ECB is $500 million, and

this is the maximum limit a company can get.

CBS: Core Banking Solution. All the banks are connected through internet, meaning we can have

transactions from any bank and anywhere. (e.g. deposit cash in PNB, Delhi branch and withdraw cash from

PNB, Gujarat)

CRAR: For RRB’s it is more than 9% (funds allotted 500 cr) and for commercial banks it is greater than 8%

(6000 cr relief package).

NBFCs: NBFC is a company which is registered under Companies Act, 1956 and whose main function is to

provide loans. NBFC cannot accept deposit or issue demand draft like other commercial banks. NBFCs

registered with RBI have been classified as AssetFinance Company (AFC), Investment Company (IC) and

Loan Company (LC).

IIFCL: India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited. It gives guarantee to infra bonds.

IFPRI: International Food Policy Research Institute. It identifies and analyses policies for meeting the food

needs of the developing world.

Currency swap: It is a foreign-exchange agreement between two parties to exchange aspects (namely the

principal and/or interest payments) of a loan in one currency for equivalent aspects of an equal in net

present value loan in another currency. Currency swap is an instrument to manage cash flows in different

currency.

WPI: Wholesale Price Index is an index of the prices paid by retail stores for the products they ultimately

resell to consumers. New series is 2004 2005. (The new series has been prepared by shifting the base year

from 1993-94 to 2004-05). Inflation in India is measured on WPI index.

MAT: Minimum Alternate Tax is the minimum tax to be paid by a company even though the company is

not making any profit.

Future trading: It’s a future contract/agreement between the buyers and sellers to buy and sell the

underlying assets in the future at a predetermined price.

Reverse mortgage: It’s a scheme for senior citizens.

Basel 2nd norms: BCBS has kept some restrictions on bank for the maintenance of minimum capital with

them to ensure level playing field. Basel II has got three pillars:

Pillar 1- Minimum capital requirement based on the risk profile of bank.

Pillar 2- Supervisory review of banks by RBI if they go for internal ranking.

Pillar 3- Market discipline.

Microfinance institutions: Those institutions that provide financial services to low-income clients.

Microfinance is a broad category of services, which includes microcredit. Microcredit is provision of credit

services to poor clients.

NPCI: National Payments Corporation of India.

DWBIS: Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence System, a type of system which is launched by SEBI.

The primary objective of DWBIS is to enhance the capability of the investigation and surveillance functions

of SEBI.

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TRIPS: Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights is an international agreement administered by the World

Trade Organisation (WTO) that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP)

regulation as applied to nationals of other WTO Members.

TRIMs: Trade Related Investment Measures. A type of agreement in WTO.

SDR: Special Drawing Rights, SDR is a type of monetary reserve currency, created by the International

Monetary Fund. SDR can be defined as a “basket of national currencies”. These national currencies are

Euro, US dollar, British pound and Japanese yen. Special Drawing Rights can be used to settle trade

balances between countries and to repay the IMF. American dollar gets highest weightage.

LTD: Loan-To-Deposit Ratio. A ratio used for assessing a bank’s liquidity by dividing the bank’s total loans

by its total deposits. If the ratio is too high, it means that banks might not have enough liquidity to cover

any fund requirements, and if the ratio is too low, banks may not be earning as much as they could be.

CAD: Current Account Deficit. It means when a country’s total imports of goods, services and transfers is

greater than the country’s total export of goods, services and transfers.

LERMS: Liberalized Exchange Rate Management System.

FRP: Fair and Remunerative Price, a term related to sugarcane. FRP is the minimum price that a sugarcane

farmer is legally guaranteed. However sugar Mills Company gives more than FRP price.

STCI: Securities Trading Corporation of India Limited was promoted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in

1994 along with Public Sector Banks and All India Financial Institutions with the objective of developing an

active, deep and vibrant secondary debt market.

IRR: Internal Rate of Return. It is a rate of return used in capital budgeting to measure and compare the

profitability of investments.

CMIE: Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. It is India’s premier economic research organisation. It

provides information solutions in the form of databases and research reports. CMIE has built the largest

database on the Indian economy and companies.

TIEA: Tax Information Exchange Agreement. TIEA allows countries to check tax evasion and money

laundering. Recently India has signed TIEA with Cayman Islands.

Contingency Fund: It’s a fund for emergencies or unexpected outflows, mainly economic crises. A type of

reserve fund which is used to handle unexpected debts that are outside the range of the usual operating

budget.

FII: Foreign Institutional Investment. The term is used most commonly in India to refer to outside

companies investing in the financial markets of India. International institutional investors must register

with the Securities and Exchange Board of India to participate in the market.

P-NOTES: “P” means participatory notes.

MSF: Marginal Standing Facility. Under this scheme, banks will be able to borrow upto 1% of their

respective net demand and time liabilities. The rate of interest on the amount accessed from this facility

will be 100 basis points (i.e. 1%) above the repo rate. This scheme is likely to reduce volatility in the

overnight rates and improve monetary transmission.

FIU: Financial Intelligence Unit set by the Government of India on 18 November 2004 as the central

national agency responsible for receiving, processing, analysing and disseminating information relating to

suspect financial transactions.

ASBA: Application Supported by Blocked Amount. It is a process developed by the SEBI for applying to IPO.

In ASBA, an IPO applicant’s account doesn’t get debited until shares are allotted to him.

DEPB Scheme: Duty Entitlement Pass Book. It is a scheme which is offered by the Indian government to

encourage exports from the country. DEPB means Duty Entitlement Pass Book to neutralise the incidence

of basic and special customs duty on import content of export product.

LLP: Limited Liability Partnership, is a partnership in which some or all partners (depending on the

jurisdiction) have limited liability.

Balance sheet: A financial statement that summarises a company’s assets, liabilities and shareholders’

equity at a specific point in time.

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TAN: Tax Account Number, is a unique 10-digit alphanumeric code allotted by the Income Tax Department

to all those persons who are required to deduct tax at the source of income.

PAN: Permanent Account Number, as per section 139A of the Act obtaining PAN is a must for the following

persons:-

1. Any person whose total income or the total income of any other person in respect of which he is

assessable under the Act exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to tax.

2. Any person who is carrying on any business or profession whose total sales, turnover or gross receipts

are or are likely to exceed Rs. 5 lakh in any previous year.

3. Any person who is required to furnish a return of income under section 139(4) of the Act.

JLG: Joint Liability Group, when two or more persons are both responsible for a debt, claim or judgment.

REER: Real Effective Exchange Rate.

NEER: Nominal Effective Exchange Rate.

Contingent Liability: A liability that a company may have to pay, but only if a certain future event occurs.

IRR: Internal Rate of Return, is a rate of return used in capital budgeting to measure and compare the

profitability of investments.

MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. A 9-digit code which actually shows whether the cheque is real

or fake.

UTR Number: Unique Transaction Reference number. A unique number which is generated for every

transaction in RTGS system. UTR is a 16-digit alphanumeric code. The first 4 digits are a bank code in

alphabets, the 5th one is the message code, the 6th and 7th mention the year, the 8th to 10th mentions

the date and the last 6 digits mention the day’s serial number of the message.

RRBs: Regional Rural Banks. As its name signifies, RRBs are specially meant for rural areas, capital share

being 50% by the central government, 15% by the state government and 35% by the scheduled bank.

MFI: Micro Finance Institutions. Micro Finance means providing credit/loan (micro credit) to the weaker

sections of the society. A microfinance institution (MFI) is an organisation that provides financial services

to the poor.

PRIME LENDING RATE: PLR is the rate at which commercial banks give loans to its prime customers (most

creditworthy customers).

BASE RATE: A minimum rate that a bank is allowed to charge from the customer. Base rate differs from

bank to bank. It is actually a minimum rate below which the bank cannot give loan to any customer. Earlier

base rate was known as BPLR (Base Prime Lending Rate).

EMI: Equated Monthly Installment. It is nothing but a repayment of the loan taken. A loan could be a home

loan, car loan or personal loan. The monthly payment is in the form of post dated cheques drawn in favour

of the lender. EMI is directly proportional to the loan taken and inversely proportional to time period. That

is, if the loan amount increases the EMI amount also increases and if the time period increases the EMI

amount decreases.

Basis points (bps): A basis point is a unit equal to 1/100th of a percentage point. i.e. 1 bps = 0.01%. Basis

points are often used to measure changes in or differences between yields on fixed income securities,

since these often change by very small amounts.

Liquidity: It refers to how quickly and cheaply an asset can be converted into cash. Money (in the form of

cash) is the most liquid asset.

Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialised form for

funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period.

Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a promissory note.

It was introduced in India in 1990. Corporates and the All-India Financial Institutions are eligible to issue

CP.

4.Finanacial abbrevations

• NERPAP - National Electrol Roll Purification and Authentication Programme

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• NASSCOM - National Association Of Software and Services Companies

• GIIC - guizhou maritime silkroad international investment coropration

• SLACC - sustainable livelihoods and adpation to climate change

• CPGRAMS - centralised public grievance and monitoring system

• IGMDP - integrated Guided MIssile Development Programme

• ACTPN - advisory committee for trade policy and negotations

• FIBA - federation of international basket ball association

• DCCO - data of commencement of commercial operations

• GCTOC - Gujarat Control Of Terrorism and organised crime

• FFFAI - federation of freight forward association of india

• IREDA - Indian renewebale energy development agency

• MUDRA - multi units development and refinance agency

• MANS - maharastra andhash raddha nirmoolan samiti

• CARE - crew model atomspheric re-entry experiment

• BIFR - Bureau for industrial and fiancail reconstrction

• FRBM - fiscal responsibility and budget management

• INDCs - Intended Nationally Determined Contribution

• IRNSS - Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System

• INSTC - interantional north south transport corridor

• LARR - land aqusition rehabilation and resettlement

• CCTNS - Crime and criminal tracking network system

• TRANSLOC - Transport logistic corporation of india

• NJAC - national judicial appointment commission

• DIPP - department of industrial policy & promotion

• NOFNP - National optic fiber network programme

• IAMAI - Internet and mobile assocaition of india

• IMEI - international mobile equipment identity

• FIEO -federation of indian exports Organisation

• GIFT - Gujarat international Finance tech-city

• DAVP - direactorate of audio visual publicity

• WGEEP - Western Ghats ecology expert panel

• MEIS - Merchandise exports from india scheme

• NPCI - National payment commission of india

• SETU - self employment and talent utilisation

• IPCC - interantional panel for climate changes

• TReDS - Trade Receviables Discouting System

• CCEA - cabinet committee on economic affairs

• TADA - Terrorist and distruptive activities act

• UPSI - Unpublished price senstive information

• NIIF - national investment infrastruture fund

• NTCA - National tiger conservation authority

• MIAL - Mumbai international airport limited

• PHWRs - Pressurised heavy water reactors

• TRAI - telecom regulatory authority of india

• RRAI - railway regulatory authority of india

• FIPB - foreign investment promotion board

• PSLCs - Priority sector lending certificates

• CPCB - Central pollution Promotion Board

• IFSC - international finance Service Centre

• NALSA - National Legal Services Authority

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• DIAL - delhi international airport limited

• AFSPA - Armed forces special powers act

• ISSF - international shooting sport federation

• NMDA - national disaster mangement act

• NDLM - National digital literacy mission

• AIIB - Asia infrastructure investment Bank

• SEIS - Services exports from india scheme

• JAM - jandhan yojana aadhaar mobile number

• PDMA - public debt mangement act

• ICBM - intercontiental ballistc missile

• FTAAP - Free trade area for asia-pacific

• CAGR - compound annual growth rate

• NFTP - New Foreign trade policy

• GAAR - General anti avoidance rule

• EcoSoc - Economic Social Council

• EPIC - electro photo idntity card

• NDRF - national disaster response fund

• SDRF- state disaster response fund

• POTA - prevention of terrorism Act

• NSFR - Net stable funding ration

• ULFA - united libertion front of ASOM

• OROP - One Rank One Pension

• DBTL - direct benefit transfer of LPG

• SaaS - software as a service

• STPs - sewage treatement plants

• LCA - light combat aircraft

• FIU - Financial intelligence units

• IEDs - improvised Expolsive Devices

• SWFs - Sovereign Wealth Funds

• SPV - special puepose vehicles

• QIP - Qualified instutional placement

• PIT - Prohibition of insider trading

• PMG - project monitoring group

• AOP- Air operator Permit

• AFI - atheletics federation of india

• SAI - sports authority of india

• PCI - paraolympic committee of india

• RNI - Registate of newspapers of india

• ECB - Exteranl commercial borrowings

• CCI - competative commission of india

• DAC- Defence aqusition council

• TFA - Trade Facilitation Agreement

• FMC - Forward Market Commission

• MPC - monetary policy committee

• VSAT - very small aperture terminal

• SAT- Securities Appellate Tribunal

• CSS - central sponser schemes

• AIM - Atal innovation mission

• NGT- national green tribunal

• NFC - near field communication

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• OMCs - Oil marketing companies

• PSKs - Pass port seva kendras

• CRZ - Coastal regulatory zone

• DBT - Direct benefit transfer

• SAC - Space Application Centre

• UCC- union carbide corporation

• LEA - loss of ecology authority

• MSP - Minimum support price

• FRP - Fair Price Renumerative

• NDB - new developmemt bank

• GMS - gold monetised scheme

• OCI - Overseas citizens of india

• NRI - Non resident indian

• PIO - person of indian origin

• NBT - National Book Trust

• MII - MAKE in INDIA

• EZs-Exclsuion Zones

#STATIC GK PART TRANSPORT SYSTEM-- AIRWAYS , RAILWAYS , WATERWAYS

1.#AIRWAYS • First Air mail in india stated in the year 1911 -- from allahabad to naini

• Tata airways stared first private service -- mumbai to karachi --1931

• In india mumbai to thiruvanthapuram tata airways -- 1935

• father of india ariways --J.R.D.TATA

• First private airlines in india -- tatasons , air service of india , deccan airways --1947

• MORE private services in india -- bharat airways , himalyan aviation ltd , airways india , kalinga

airways -- 1951

• Air transport was nationalised and 2 corporations was established

• Air india -- muscat -- maharaja ( international)

• indian airlines -- muscat -- konark wheel

• 1st march , 2007 the govt of india merged air india & indian airlines and form Airindia --Muscat --

flying swann with konark wheel -- corprate offfice -- mumbai

• First north eastern airservice -- VAYUDUT SERVICE --1981

• First ISO CERTIFICATE air service -- PAWAN HANS limited - ISO 9002 -- 1985

• Worlds highest Aiport -- LASA --TIBET

• India highest Airport --LEH -- jammu & kashmir --local name -- kushok-bakula-rimpocha

• World largest airport -- king abdul aziz international aiport -- DUBAI

• world's busiest airport has been specified by the Airports Council International in Geneva,

Switzerland

• World's busiest airports by cargo traffic--hongkong int.airport -Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong

• World's busiest airports by passenger traffic are measured by total passengers -- Hartsfield–Jackson

Atlanta International Airport

• World's busiest airports by aircraft movements are measured by total movements-- O'Hare

International Airport--Chicago, Illinois, United States

• First open sky policy in india -- 1990

• Airport authority of india (AAI) 1ST APRIL -- 1995

• Total airports & Airstrips -- 450

• 19 international airports

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• 86 domestic

• 126 newly identified by AAI

INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES & SERVICES NAMES

• Afganistan -- Ariana afgan airlines

• Australia -- queensland (qantas)

• Belguim -- sabina national belgium airlines

• East africa -- East african airways

• France -- air france

• Germany --luftansa

• Hongkong -- cathy pacific airways

• Hungary -- hungarian airlines

• Indonesia-- garuda indonesian airways

• Iran - iran air

• Ireland -- irish international airlines

• Isreal -- EI AL

• Italy -- itlaian airllines

• Kuwait -- kuwait airlines

• Lebanon -- middle east airlines

• Nepal -- royal nepal airlines corp

• Netherlands -- KLM royal dutch airlines

• Pakistan -- pakistna internationla airlines

• Phillippines -- philliphines airlines

• Poland -- polish state air service

• Rumania -- tenasporturi aerine romanie

• Scandainavia -- scandanivanian air system

• Russia -- aero flot

• Srilanka -- air lanka

• Switzerland -- swiss air

• United kingdom -- british airways

• USA -- pan american airways , trans world airlines

• Air Asia--Asia

• Qatar Airways--Doha Air Arabia

• Malayasia -- tiger airways

• Canada--Air Canada

• Berlin --Air Berlin

• Brussels --Brussels Airlines

• Ethopia --Ethiopian Air

• Jordan--Royal Jordanian

• Kenya --Kenya Airways

• China--China Airlines

• Luxemburg --Luxair

• Ukraine Intl Air

• Czech Airlines

• FlyNiki-- japan

• Pakistan Intl Air

As per world As per world As per world As per world -------- bussiest airport bussiest airport bussiest airport bussiest airport -------- as per 2015 statisticsas per 2015 statisticsas per 2015 statisticsas per 2015 statistics

1. Atlanta international airport -USA

2.chayong shunoy -- bejing, China

3.Dubai international airport -- UAE

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4. Haned airport -- Tokyo , Japan

5. Los angles international airport --USA

6. Heathrow international airport -- London

7. Hong Kong international airport -- hongkong , China

8. O' hare international airport -- Chicago , USA

9. Dallas international airport -- USA

10. Suvarnabhoomi international airport -- Thailand

** Note as per traffic of passenger

CATEGORY OF AIRPORT SERVICES

1. Customs

2. defence

3. future

4. international

5. domestic

6. private

AS per size

• international

• major national airports

• medium

• minor

AIRPORTS as per states which includes , domestic , intenational

STATE CITY AIRPORT NAME

Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad Rajiv Gandhi International

Airport

Assam Guwahati Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi

International Airport

Bihar Gaya Gaya Airport

Delhi New Delhi Indira Gandhi International

Airport

Gujarat Ahmedabad Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel


Karnataka Bengaluru Bengaluru International

Airport

Karnataka Mangalore Mangalore Airport

Kerala

Kochi

Cochin International Airport

Kerala

Kozhikode

Calicut International Airport

Kerala

Thiruvananthapuram

Trivandrum International

Airport

Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Raja Bhoj Airport

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Madhya Pradesh

Indore

Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport

Maharashtra

Mumbai

Chhatrapati Shivaji


Maharashtra

Nagpur

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar


Maharashtra

Pune

Pune Airport

Meghalaya

Shillong

Zaruki International Airport

Rajasthan

Jaipur

Jaipur International Airport

Tamil Nadu

Chennai

Chennai International Airport

Tamil Nadu

Coimbatore

Civil Aerodrome

Tamil Nadu

Tiruchirappalli

Tiruchirapalli International

Airport

Uttar Pradesh

Lucknow

Amausi Airport

West Bengal

Kolkata

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose


STATE AIRPORTS

STATE

CITY AIRPORT NAME

Andhra Pradesh

Donakonda

Donakonda Airport

Andhra Pradesh

Kadapa

Cuddapah Airport

Arunachal Pradesh

Daporijo

Daporijo Airport

Arunachal Pradesh

Tezu

Tezu Airport

Assam

Dibrugarh

Dibrugarh Airport

Assam

Dhubri

Rupsi Airport

Assam Tezpur Tezpur Airport

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Bihar

Jogbani

Jogbani Airport

Bihar

Patna

Lok Nayak Jayaprakash

Airport

Chhattisgarh

Jagdalpur

Jagdalpur Airport

Chhattisgarh

Raipur

Swami Vivekananda Airport

Daman and Diu

Diu

Diu Airport

Gujarat

Vadodara

Vadodara Airport

Gujarat

Kandla

Kandla Airport

Gujarat

Bhavnagar

Bhavnagar Airport

Gujarat

Gujarat

Keshod

Porbandar

Keshod Airport

Porbandar Airport

Gujarat

Rajkot

Rajkot Airport

Gujarat

Surat

Surat Airport

Himachal Pradesh

Kangra

Gaggal Airport

Himachal Pradesh

Shimla

Shimla Airport

Himachal Pradesh

Kullu

Bhuntar Airport

Jammu & Kashmir

Jammu

Jammu Airport

Jharkhand

Dhanbad

Dhanbad Airport

Jharkhand

Jamshedpur

Sonari Airport

Jharkhand

Ranchi

Birsa Munda Airport

Karnataka

Belgaum

Belgaum Airport

Karnataka

Hubli

Hubli Airport

Karnataka

Mysore

Mysore Airport

Karnataka Toranagallu Vidyanagar Airport

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Lakshadweep

Agatti

Agatti Aerodrome

Madhya Pradesh

Gwalior

Gwalior Airport

Madhya Pradesh

Jabalpur

Jabalpur Airport

Madhya Pradesh

Khajuraho

Khajuraho Airport

Madhya Pradesh

Khandwa

Khandwa Airport

Maharashtra

Akola

Akola Airport

Maharashtra

Aurangabad

Aurangabad Airport

Maharashtra

Jalgaon

Jalgaon Airport

Maharashtra

Kolhapur

Kolhapur Airport

Maharashtra

Nanded

Nanded Airport

Maharashtra

Nashik

Gandhinagar Airport

Maharashtra

Nashik

Ozar Airport

Maharashtra

Ratnagiri

Ratnagiri Airport

Maharashtra

Solapur

Solapur Airport

Manipur

Imphal

Tulihal Airport

Mizoram

Aizawl

Lengpui Airport

Nagaland

Dimapur

Dimapur Airport

Orissa

Bhubaneswar

Biju Patnaik Airport

Orissa

Jharsuguda

Jharsuguda Airport

Orissa

Berhampur

Berhampur Airport

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Orissa

Jeypore

Jeypore Airport

Orissa

Hirakud

Hirakud Airport

Orissa

Nuagaon

Nuagaon Airport

Orissa

Utkela

Utkela Airport

Tamil Nadu

Madurai

Madurai Airport

Tamil Nadu

Salem

Salem Airport

Tamil Nadu

Tuticorin

Tuticorin Airport

Tripura

Tripura

Agartala

Kailashahar

Agartala Airport

Kailashahar Airport

Tripura

Khowai

Khowai Airport

Uttrakhand

Dehradun

Jolly Grant Airport

Uttrakhand

Pantnagar

Pantnagar Airport

West Bengal

Balurghat

Balurghat Airport

West Bengal

Cooch Behar

Cooch Behar Airport

FUTURE AIRPORTS

STATE CITY AIRPORT NAME

Andhra Pradesh

Warangal

Warangal Airport

Karnataka

Bijapur

Bijapur Airport

Karnataka

Karwar

Karwar Airport

Karnataka

Shimoga

Shimoga Airport

Karnataka

Gulbarga

Gulbarga Airport

Karnataka

Hassan

Hassan Airport

Karnataka Bidar Bidar Airport

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Kerala

Kannur

Kannur International Airport

Maharashtra

Navi Mumbai

Navi Mumbai International

Airport

Maharashtra

Yavatmal

Yavatmal Airport

Uttrakhand

Pithoragarh

Naini Saini Airport

West Bengal

Malda

Malda Airport

2.#RAILWAYS • First train service in the world -- stockten -darlington --england -- 1825

• In india first train serivce bombay to thane , april 16, 1853 , 34 km

• first electrical train in india -- "DECCAN QUEEN "

• India first underground railway started -- kolkatta -- dum dum -- toligang

• father of indian railway -- lord dalhousie

• Railway system started in india -- Lord Hardinge

• Railway board stated by -- Lord Curzon

• Indian railway complete "150 years " -- 1853-2003 -muscat " Bol the guard"

• india longest rail -bridge -- valarapadam -vembanadu lake - kerla

• longest road cum rail bridge -- rjamundary -kovvuru -- andhrapradesh

• longest railway platoform -- kharagpur --w bengal

• india highest railway bridge -- chenab river -- j&k -- 360 mts height

• longest railway route -- j& k --> kanyakumari

• longest tunnei -- karduba tunnel -- lonkan railway --goa

• Railway budget seperated from general budget in the year --1921-22

• First railway budget introduced in the parliament -- 1924-25

• Budget income source -- 65% goods , 26% passengers fare , 9% others

WORLD wide railway networks

• 1ST --USA

• 2ND -- RUSSIA

• 3RD -- CHINA

• 4TH -- INDIA

• Note * Railway track -- 108706km , railroute -- 71989km

• Electric trains -- 1st place --RUSSIA , INDIA

• Indian railway occupies first postion in terms of employees around 20 lakh people

• indias largest departement --indian railway

INDIAN RAILWAY UNESCO --Identified places

• Darjeeling --hinalayan -- wbengal-1999

• victoria terminal -- mumbai -- 2004

• nilagiri mountian railway -- tnadu -- 2005

• kalka shimla -- himachal pradesh -- 2008

• matheran railway -- maharstra -- 2010

• Calcutta Tramways

Railway guages

• Broad guage --1.676m -- 5.5 feet -- 75% railwys in india

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• meter guage-- 1 mts -- 3.28 ft

• narrow guage -- 0.762 mts -- 2.5 fts -- hilly areas

• light narrow guage -- 0.610 mts -- 2 feet-- industrial area

• standard guage -- 1.5mts -- 4 feet

RAILWAY INDUSTRIES

• Chittranjan locomotives factory -- electric engines & steam engines -- w bengal -- 1950

• mahadevpur --electric engines- bihar

• varanasi -- diesel locomotives -- uttarpradesh

• patiala -- diseal component works --punjab

• Yehalanka -- wheels & exel plant -- banglore

• nejelpaniguri -- wheels & exel plant -- wbengal

Railway coaches

• Permbur -- madras

• Kapurtal -- punjab

• Banglore -- karnataka

• Singur -- westbanegal

• Railbarely -- UP

• Kochin -- kerala

Railway wagons

• Secunderabad -- telenagana

• Bardahan -- wbengal

• Guhwathi -- assam

• Bhuvenswar --odisha

• Haldia -- wbengal

• Durgapur -- wbengal

RAILWAY ZONES --HQ

1. Southern railway - CHENNAI --1ST railwya zone -- 1951

2. central railway-- MUMBAI

3. western railway-- MUMBAI ( CHURCH GATE )

4. northern railway--NEWDELHI

5. northeast railway-- GORKPUR

6. eastern railway-- KOLKATTA

7. south eastern -- KOLKATTA

8. north eastern -- GUWHATHI --ASSAM

9. south central-- SECUNDERABAD -- TELANGANA

10. north central-- ALLAHABAD --UP

11. east central -- HAJIPUR -- BIHAR

12. north west -- JAIPUR -- RAJASTHAN

13. east coast -- BHUVANSEWAR -- ODHISHA

14. south west -- HUBLI -- BANGLORE

15. west central-- JABALPUR -- MP

16. south east central -- BILASPUR -- CHATTISGARH

17. KOLKATTA METRO -- 17th zone of the Indian Railways.

STATE WISE RAILWAY ROUTES

• Highest -- Top --3 -- uttarpradesh , rajasthan , maharastra

• Lowest -- nagaland -- 13km , mizoram -2km . Arunchal pradesh -- 1km , manipur -- 1km , sikkim --

yet not started , Meghalaya -- no Railway network

METROS

1. Kolkata -- KOLKATTA METRO --First mass rapid transit system in India

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2. CHENNAI--Chennai MRTS--Chennai Metro Rail Limited

3. Delhi - NCR -- DELHIO METRO --India's first modern rapid transit system.

4. Bangalore-- NAMMA METRO--First metro in India to introduce Wi-Fi onboard trains

5. Gurgaon--Rapid MetroRail Gurgaon--India's first fully privately financed metro

6. Mumbai--Mumbai Metro

7. Jaipur--JAIPUR METRO--Double-storey elevated road and Metro track project

8. Chennai--CHENNAI METRO

9. UPCOMING METROS PROJECTS -- HYDERBAD , NAVIMUMBAI ,LUCKNOW , KOCHI , AHAMADABAD ,

NAGPUR

Mono rail -- Mumbai Monorail is a monorail system in the city of Mumbai, India, part of a major expansion

of public transport in the city. The project was implemented by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region

Development Authority (MMRDA), along with a consortium of Mumbai-based conglomerate Larsen &

Toubro and the Malaysian infrastructure firm Scomi Engineering

between Wadala Depot and Chembur -- operational form feb --2014

ADMINISTRATIVE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

Under control of indian railways

1. RITES-- Rail india techinical & economic service limited

2. IRCON--- Indian railway construction

3. IRFC-- Indian railway finance corportation of india limited

4. CONCOR-- Container corp of india limited

5. KRCL-- Konkan railway coroporation limited

6. IRCTC-- Indian railway catering and tourism corporation limited

7. MRVNL-- Mumbai rail vikas nigam ltd

8. RVNL-- Rail vikas nigam limited

9. DFCCIL-- Dedicated freight corridor corporation of india limited

10. BWEL-- Bahart wagon and engineering limited

11. BSCL-- Burn standard company limited

12. BCL-- Braith waite and company limited

13. RAILTEL--Railtel corporation of inida limited

HIGH SPEED TRAINS

1. Delhi - Agra-- 160km/hr

2. Chennai - Hyderabad--160km/hr

3. Delhi - Chandigarh--160km/hr

4. shatabadi -- delhi/mumbai --150km/hr

5. rajadhani -- delhi/jahansi --140km/hr

6. rajadhani --delhi /howrah --130km/hr

some popular trains

• Vivek express -- swamivivknanada

• Kavi guru express-- ravindranatha tagore

• Samjota express-- india --pakistan connecting

• Maitri express-- india -- bangladesh

• Durantho -- non stop train

• Karma bhoomi -- unskilled labours

• Matru bhoomi -- special trains for women

• Life line express -- mobile train

• Sukhgruhu express-- for slum people

• Maharaja express-- maharastra

• Deccan odyssi -- maharastra

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• Buddha luxury train -- uttrapradesh

• Golden chariot -- karnataka

• Southern splendor -- andhrapradesh (proposed)

• Palace of wheels -- rajasthan

• Royal oreintal express -- gujarat

3.#ROADWAYS • National highways / Express ways -- 70,934 km

• State highways -- 154522 km

• Other roads -- 3884136km

• world road transport --TOP -- 3 -- USA , INDIA , BRAZIL

Classifcation of road transport as percentage

• National highways -- 2%

• state highways -- 4%

• distict roads -- 14%

• village roads --80%

• The National Highways Act, 1956

• Board road organisation was setup --1960 HQ -- newdelhi

• now total no of highways -- 228

• National Highways Development Project (NHDP

• four metropolitan cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata) have been fully paved and widened

into four-lane highways. been converted to four or six lane expressways –

• Delhi-Agra

• Delhi-Jaipur

• Ahmedabad-Vadodara

• Mumbai-Pune

• Mumbai-Surat

• Bangalore-Mysore

• Bangalore-Chennai

• Chennai-Tada

• Delhi-Meerut

• Hyderabad-Vijayawada

• Guntur-Vijayawada.

*Phase V of the National Highway Development Project is to convert all 6,000 km (3,700 mi) of the Golden

Quadrilateral Highways to 6-lane highways/expressways by 2012.

• National highest length states --TOP -5 --UP , RAJASTHAN , MP, AP ,TAMILNADU

• Least -- chandigarh , pondicherry , sikkim

• Road density -- 245 sqkm for 1 lakh people

• Highest road density state -- kerala -- 375km/per 100 sqmts

• least -- jammu kashmir -- 10km/ 100 sqmts

• highest road development state -- harayana -- 91.68%

National higways development project --

• NHAI est -- 1988

• National higways development project -- stated in 1999

• 7 stage project

STAGE -1 -- Golden quadilateral highway --5846km, delhi --mumbai --NH8, mumbai -chennai --NH 4 ,

chennai -kolkatta -- NH5 , kolkatta - delhi -- NH2

STAGE-2 NORTH SOUTH & EAST WEST --CORRIDOR ,North -- srinagar -- J&K, south - kanyakumari --tnadu,

west -- porbunder--gujarat, east -- sichur --assam

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STAGE-3 -- 1000km national highway 2 lines

STAGE-4 -- 20,000km National highway 1 line

STAGE-5 -- golden quadliateral highways 4 line

STAGE-6 -- 1000 km express highways -- for speccial puropose

STAGE-7 --- ring roads, by -pass road , service roads

National highways

• NH-1 -- DELHI -- AMRITSAR -- 456 km

• NH 1 A -- uri (J&k) -- jalandhar -- 663 km

• NH 1 B -- BATOTE -- KHANDAL -- 274 KM

• NH 1 C -- DOMEL -- KATRA -- 8 KM

• NH 2 -- DELHI -- KOLKATTA -- 1465 KM

• NH 2 A -- SIKANDARA -- BHOGNIPUR -- 25 KM

• NH 3 -- AGRA - MUMBAI -- 1161 KM

• NH 4 -- CHENNAI -- THANE -- 1235 KM

• NH 4 A -- BELGAUM -- PANAJAI - 153KM

• NH 5 -- CHENNAI - BAHARAGORA -- 1533 KM

• NH 5 A-- HARIDASPUR -- PARADEEP PORT -- 1533KM

• NH 6 -- KOLKATTA -- HAJIRA -- 1949 KM

• NH 7 -- VARANASI -- KANYAKUMARI -- 2369KM

• NH 7A -- PALAYANKOTTAI -- TUTICORN -- 51KM

• NH 8 -- DELHI -- MUMBAI -- 1428KM

• NH 8A -- AHMEDABAD -- MANDVI -- 473KM

• NH 8B -- PORBANDAR -- BAMANBORE -- 206KM

• NH 8C -- CHILODA --SARKHEJ -- 46KM

• NH 8D -- JETPUR --SOMANTH -- 127KM

• NH 8E -- SOMANTH-- BHAVANAGAR -- 220KM

• NH 9-- PUNE -- MACHILIPATNAM -- 841KM

• NH 10 -- DELHI --FAZILKA -- 403 KM

4.#WATERWAYS • Total coastline -- 7516.6 kilometers

• one of the biggest peninsulas in the world

• Total navigable water -- 14500 km

• Major post -- 13 ,medium ports -- 11 , minor ports --200

• Gujarat (42)Maharashtra (48)Tamil Nadu (15)Karnataka (10) Kerala (17)Andhra Pradesh (12) Odisha

(13)Goa (5)West Bengal (1) Daman and Diu (2)Lakshadweep (10)Pondicherry (2)and Andaman &

Nicobar (23)

• Government of India plans to modernise these ports and has approved a project called Sagarmala

• Highest water ways developed states -- ASSAM , BIHAR , WBENGAL

• INLAND WATER WAYS AUTHORITY -- 1986

• Shipping corp of india -- est --1961

• india first shippoing company -- bombay steam navaigation company --1840

• 100 years old ports --kolkatta , mumbai , chennai , marmgoa

• There are 28 ship yards , 7 under public sector , 2 under state govt , 19 private

SHIPYARDS IN INDIA

1. Garden resaech ship yard -- kolkatta

2. mazagoan dock limited -- goa

3. hindustan shipyard limited -- visakhaptnam

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4. cochin shipyard -- kochi

5. Hoggly dock & port engineers limited -- Kolkatta

MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA

1. Mumbai -- arbaian sea-- 2nd oldest busiest port in india

2. kolkatta -- bay of bengal -- 1st oldest port

3. kochi -- kerala -- Exporter in tea , coffee, spices , petroleum , fertilizers

4. kandala -- gujarat-- Tidal & FTZ port , salt cement , oil ,petrolum , cotton ,scrap

5. chennai -- tamilnadu-- 2nd largest traffic handled port

6. mormugao -- goa --leading iron ore port

7. manglore -- karnataka --EDIBLE OILS , petrolum from kudramukh

8. tuticorn --- tamilnadu -- ARTIFICAL deep sea harbour

9. vishapatnam -- andhrapradesh -- india deepest landlocked port

10. paradeep -- orissa --E xports raw iron to japan

11. nhava seva -- mumbai -- FASTEST growing port

12. ennore -- tamilnadu -- first port with cooperation participation

13. portblair -- andaman & nicobar

INLAND WATER -WAYS

• NATIONAL WATER WAY-1 - allahabad -haldia -- hooghly river -- 1620km

• NATIONAL WATER WAY-2-- sadiya - dhubri -- brahmaputra river -- 891 km

• NATIONAL WATER WAY-3-- kottapuram - kollam -- champakara canal -- 205km

• NATIONAL WATER WAY-4-- kakinda -- puducherry -- river krishna -- 1095km

• NATIONAL WATER WAY-5-- talcher -- dhamra -- brahmani river -- 623km

• NATIONAL WATER WAY-6-- Lakhipur to banga -- river barak--121km

FESTIVALS OF INDIAN STATES

• AndhraPradesh--Dasara Festival,Gangamma Jatara,Gowri Habba,Ugadi,Vaikunta Ekadashi

• Assam--Ali Ai Ligang,Ambubachi Mela,Baresahariya Bhaona,Bathow puja,Bihu,Bohag Bihu,Bihuwa

dance,Brahmaputra Beach Festival,Bwisagu,Dehing Patkai festival,Jonbeel mela,Kaziranga Elephant

Festival,Magh Bihu,Porag,Rongker

• Arunachal Pradesh--Siang River festival,Ziro,Solung,Nyokum,Lossar,Dree,Boori

Boot,Loku,Sanken,Reh,Myoko,Budhha Mahotsava,Choekhor,Tamladu,Mopin

• Bihar--Chhath,Jivitputrika,Patliputra natya Mahotsav,Patna Sahib Mahotsav,Rajgir Mahostav,Sama

Chakeva

• Chandigarh --Baisakhi,Festival of gardens,Teej

• Chhattisgarh--Bastar Dussehra,Bastar Lokotsav,Dadaria,Gaur Maria Dance,Madai ,Rajim Kumbh

• Goa--Shigmo,Bonderam,San joao,Panjim/Margao

• Gujarat--International Kite festival,Modhera,Kutch Mahotsava,Bhavnath Mahadev fair

Saptak,Shamlaji,TarnetarVautha,Madhavrai

• Haryana--Lohri,Basant Panchami,Gangore,Baisakhi,Teej,Nirjala Akadashi,Guggapir

• Himachal Pradesh--Dham,Kullu Dussehra,Mandi Shivaratri ,Sati pradha

• Jammu and Kashmir--Hemis,Lohri,Vaishno devi

• Jharkhand--Karma,Sohari,Sarhul,Chhath puja,Jityya Bhaiya Dooj

• Karnataka,Karaga,Dakkebali,Gowri Habba,Kanakadasa Jayanthi,Madikeri Dasara

Mahamastakabhisheka,Mailara Jaatre ,Mysore Dasara

• Kerala--Onam,Thiruvathira,Vishu

• MadhyaPradesh--Chethiyagiri vihara,Madai,Bahgoriya,Nimar utsav,Dhrupad samaroh

• Maharashtra--nant chaturdashi,Bhau-beej,Gudi Padwa,Pola,Shayani Ekadashi,Vat purnima

• Mizoram--Chapchar Kut ,Mim Kut ,Pawl Kut

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• Nagaland--Horn Bill,Nazu,Sekrenyi,Tuluni,Yemshe,Sankarni,Rengma Ngadah

• Odisha--Chaiti,Dhanu,Kalahandi,Ghantapatua,Jagaddhagtri,Raja praba ,Ratha-yatra(puri),Samba

Dashami

• Punjab--Maghi,Lohri,Basant,Holi,Vaisakhi,Rakhri,Teeyan

• Rajasthan---Baneshwar,Gangaur,Pushkar,Teej,Urs

• Sikkim--Saga Dawa,Lossong,Losar,Dasain,Tihar,Gutor cham

• Tamil Nadu--Brihadeeswara Temple car festival,Jangura Habba Erwadi Santhanakkodu,Mattu

pongal,Panguni Uthiram,Thaiusam,Thimithi

• Telangana--Bathukamma,Bonalu,Sammakka Saarakka Jaathara,Peerla panduga

• Tripura--Ker,Garia Puja

• Uttarakhand--Phool Dei,Harela and bhitauli,Olgia,Khatarua,Bat savitri,Janopunya,Chippla Jaat,Hilijatra

• WestBengal--Bhadu,Haldia Utsav,Jagaddhatri,Poush Mela

FOLK DANCES

• AndhraPradesh--Kuchipudi(classical),Ghantamardala,Ottam,thedal,Mohioniattam,kummi,Siddhi

madhuri,Chhadi.

• Chhattisgarh--Goudi,Karma,Jhumar,dagla,Pali,Tapali,Navrani.Diwari,Mundari.

• Arunachal Pradesh--Mask Dance,War Dance.

• HimachalPradesh--,Jhali,Chharhi,Dhaman,chhapeli,Mahasu,Nati,Dangi,Chamba,Thali,Jhainta,Daf,

Sti-ck dance.

• Goa--Mandi,Jhagor,Khol,Dakni.

• Assam--Bihu,Bichhua,Natpuja,Maharas,Kaligopal,Bagurumba,naga dance,Khel gopal,Tabal

chongli,canoe,Jhumura Hobjanai.

• West Bengal--kathi,Gambhira,Dhali,Jatra,Baul,marasia,Mahal,Keertan

• Keral--Kathakali(classical),Ottam Thulal,mohini-attam,Kaikottikali,Tappatikali,Kali auttam.

• Meghalaya--laho,baagla.

• Manipur--Manipuri(classical),Rakhal,Nat rash,Maha rash,raukhat.

• Nagaland--Chong,Khaiva,lim,Nuralim

• Orissa--odissi(classical),savari,Ghumara,painka,munari,chhau,chadya dandanata.

• Maharashtra--Lavani,Nakata,koli,Lezim,Gafa,Dahikala,dasavtar or

Bohada,Tamasha,mauni,Powara,Gouricha.

• Karnataka--Yakshagan,Huttari,Suggi,Kunitha,Karga,Lambi.

• Gujarat--Garba,dandiya ras,Tippani juriun,Bhavai.

• Punjab--Bhangra,giddha,Daff,Dhaman.

• Rajasthan--Ghumar,chakri,Ganagor,Jhulan leela,Jhuma,Suisini,Ghapal,Panihari,Ginab

• Mizoram--Khanatm,Pakhupila,Cherokan.

• Jammu&Kashmir--Rauf,hikat,mandjas,kud dandi nach<Damali.

• TamilNadu--Bharatnatyam,kumi,kolattam,kavadi.

• Uttar Pradesh--Nautanki,Raslila,Kajri,Jhora,chappeli,Jaita.

• Bihar--Jata-Jatin,Bakho-Bakhain,Panwariya,Sama-chakwa,Bidesia,Jatra.

• Haryana--Jhumar,Phag,Daph,Dhamal,Loor,Gugga,Khor,Gagor.

• Jharkhand--chhau,sarahul,Jat-jatin,karma,Danga,Bidesia,Sohrai

• Uttarakhand--gadhwali,kumayuni,kajari,Jhora,raslila,chappeli

INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR HEADQUARTERS

• UNO (United Nations Org) = New York

• UNICEF =New York

• UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade & Development) =Geneva

• WHO (World Health Org) =Geneva

• ILO (International Labour Org)= Geneva

• WMO (World Meteorological Org) =Geneva

• World Intellectual Property Org =Geneva

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• International Standards Org.= Geneva

• IMF (International Monetary Fund) =Washington DC

• World Bank =Washington DC

• UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Org) =Paris

• OECD (Org. for Economic Cooperation and Dev.) =Paris

• UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Dev. Org)= Vienna

• IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) =Vienna

• OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) =Vienna

• Amnesty International London Commonwealth of Nations =London

• IMO(International Maritime Organization) =London

• ICJ (International Court of Justice) =The Hague

• FAO(Food and Agricultural Organization) =Rome

• NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) =Brussels

• Transparency International= Berlin

• SAARC(South Asian Association for Regional Coop.) =Kathmandu

• ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) =Jakarta

• APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Forum) =Singapore

• Organization of Islamic Cooperation= Jedda

IMPORTANT HYDROPOWER DAMS

ANDHRAPRADESH

1. Nizam Sagar Dam-Manjira River-Andhra Pradesh

2. Prakasam Barrage-Krishna River-Andhra Pradesh

3. Srisailam Dam-Krishna River-Andhra Pradesh

GUJRAT

1. Ukai Dam-Gujarat

2. Dharoi Dam-Banas River-Gujarat

3. Dantiwada Dam-Sabarmati River-Gujarat

HIMACHAL PRADESH

1. Pandoh Dam-Beas River-Himachal Pradesh

2. Bhakra Nangal Dam-Sutlej River-Himachal Pradesh

3. Nathpa Dam-Sutlej River-Himachal Pradesh

4. Gobind Sagar, Reservoir-Sutlej River-Himachal Pradesh

5. Maharana Pratap Sagar Reservoir-Himachal Pradesh

JAMMU & KASHMIR

1. Salal Project-Chenab River-Jammu & Kashmir

2. Chutak Hydroelectric Project-Jammu & Kashmir

3. Dumkhar Hydroelectric Dam-Indus River-Jammu & Kashmir

4. Uri Hydroelectric Dam-Jhelum River-Jammu & Kashmir

JHARKHAND

1. Maithon Dam-Barakar Rive-Jharkhand

2. Chandil Dam-Subarnarekha River-Jharkhand

3. Panchet Dam-Damodar River-Jharkhand

KARNATAKA

1. Tunga Bhadra Dam-Tungabhadra River and Krishna River-Karnataka

2. Linganamakki dam-Sharavathi River-Karnataka

3. Alamatti Dam-Krishna River-Karnataka

4. Harangi Dam-Cauvery River-Karnataka

5. Ghataprabha Reservoir-Ghataprabha River-Karnataka

KERALA

1. Banasura Sagar Dam-Chalakudy River-Kerala

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2. Malampuzha Dam-Malampuzha River-Kerala

3. Idukki Dam-Periyar River-Kerala

4. Mullaperiyar Dam-Pennar River-Kerala

5. Neyyar Dam-Pennar River-Kerala.

MADHYA PRDESH

1. Barna Dam-Barna River-Madhya Pradesh

2. Indirasagar Project-Narmada River-Madhya Pradesh

3. Narmada Dam Project-Narmada River-Madhya Pradesh

4. Gandhi Sagar Dam-Chambal River-Madhya Pradesh

5. Tawa Reservoir-Tawa River-Madhya Pradesh

MAHARASTRA

1. Koyna Dam-Koyna River-Maharashtra

2. Bhatsa Dam-Bhatsa and Chorna rivers-Maharashtra

3. Wilson Dam-Pravara River-Maharashtra

4. Girna Dam-Girna and Godavari River-Maharashtra

5. Radhanagari Dam-Bhogawati River-Maharashtra

ODSIHA

1. Jalaput Dam-Orissa

2. Balimela Reservoir-Sileru River-Orissa

3. Indravati Dam-Indravati River-Orissa

4. Hirakud Dam-Mahanadi River-Orissa

RAJASTHAN__MBisalpur dam-banas river--RAJASTHAN

TAMILNADU

1. Vaigai Dam-Vaigai River-Tamil Nadu

2. Krishnagiri Reservoir-Tamil Nadu

3. Pechiparai Reservoir-River Kodayar-Tamil Nadu

4. Vidur Reservoir-Tamil Nadu

5. Perunchani Dam-Paralayar River-Tamil Nadu

6. Periyar Reservoir-Periyar River-Tamil Nadu

7. Stanley Reservoir-Kaveri River-Tamil Nadu

8. Mettur Dam-Kaveri River-Tamil Nadu

9. Bhavanisagar Reservoir-Bhavani River-Tamil Nadu

10. Parambikulam Reservoir-Parambikulam River-Tamil Nadu

UTTARPRADESH_

1. Parichha Dam-Betwa River-Uttar Pradesh

2. Rihand Project-Rihand River and Son River-Uttar Pradesh

3. Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar Dam-Rihand River-Uttar Pradesh

4. Tehri Dam-Bhagirathi River-Uttrakhand

NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA

1. Balphakram National Park -Meghalaya

2. Bandipur National Park - Karnataka

3. Kudremukh National Park Karnataka

4. Bannerghatta National Park --Karnataka

5. Betla National Park Jharkhand

6. Bhitarkanika National Park Odisha

7. Blackbuck National Park Gujarat

8. Buxa Tiger Reserve West Bengal

9. Campbell Bay National Park Andaman and Nicobar Islands

10. Chandoli National Park Maharashtra

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11. Dachigam National Park Jammu and Kashmir

12. Desert National Park Rajasthan

13. Dudhwa National Park Uttar Pradesh

14. Eravikulam National Park Kerala

15. Galathea National Park Andaman and Nicobar Islands

16. Gir Forest National Park Gujarat

17. Great Himalayan National Park Himachal Pradesh

18. Guindy National Park Tamil Nadu

19. Gulf of Mannar National Park Tamil Nadu

20. Harike Wetland Punjab

21. Hazaribagh National Park Jharkhand

22. Jaldapara National Park West Bengal

23. Jim Corbett National Park Uttarakhand

24. Kanha National Park Madhya Pradesh

25. Kanger Ghati National Park Chhattisgarh

26. Kasu bramanda Reddy National Park Telangana

27. Kaziranga National Park Assam

28. Keibul Lamjao National Park Manipur

29. Keoladeo National Park Rajasthan

30. Khangchendzonga Park Sikkim

31. Kishtwar National Park Jammu and Kashmir

32. Madhav National Park Madhya Pradesh

33. Mahatma National Park Andaman and Nicobar Islands

34. Manas National Park Assam

35. Mandla Fossils National Park Madhya Pradesh

36. Marine Gulf of Kutch park Gujarat

37. Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary Rajasthan

38. Mrugavani National Park Telangana

39. Mudumalai National Park Tamil Nadu

40. Namdapha National Park Arunachal Pradesh

41. Nameri National Park Assam

42. Nanda Devi National Park Uttarakhand

43. Nandankanan Zoological Park Odisha

44. Navegaon National Park Maharashtra

45. Neora Valley National Park West Bengal

46. Palani Hills National Park Tamil Nadu

47. Pench National Park Madhya Pradesh

48. Periyar National Park Kerala

49. Blue Mountain National Park Mizoram

50. Pin Valley National Park Himachal Pradesh

51. Rajaji National Park Uttarakhand

52. Ranthambore National Park Rajasthan

53. Saddle Peak National Park Andaman and Nicobar Islands

54. Salim Ali National Park Jammu and Kashmir

55. Sariska Tiger Reserve Rajasthan

56. Satpura National Park Madhya Pradesh

57. Silent Valley National Park Kerala

58. Simlipal National Park Odisha

59. Singalila National Park West Bengal

60. South Button National Park Andaman and Nicobar Islands

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61. Sri Venkateswara Park Andhra Pradesh

62. Sultanpur National Park Haryana

63. Sundarbans National Park West Bengal

64. Valley of Flowers National Park Uttarakhand

65. Valmiki National Park Bihar

ATOMIC POWER PLANTS

1. Kaiga atomic power plant---karnataka

2. Kakrapar atomic power plant---Gujarat

3. Madras atomic power plant—Tamil Nadu

4. Narora atomic power plant---Uttar Pradesh.

5. Rajasthan atomic power plant—Rajasthan

6. Tarapur atomic power plant----Maharashtra

7. Kundankulam atomic power plant—Tamil Nadu

8. Gorakhpur atomic power plant---- Haryana

9. Chutka atomic power plant---Madhya Pradesh

10. Mahi Banswara atomic power plant---Rajasthan

11. Kaiga atomic power plant----Karnataka

12. Kovvada atomic power plant---Andhra Pradesh

13. Mithi virdhi atomic power plant---Gujarat.

IMPORTANT HILL STATIONS

1. Nainital-- Uttakhand

2. shima -- Himachal pradesh

3. KULLU Manali -- Himachal pradesh(Valley of Gods)

4. Mussoorie -- Uttarakhand(Queen of hills)

5. CHAMBA-- Himachal pradesh

6. Almora --

7. Ranikhet--Himalayas

8. Gulmarg--Meadow of flowers

9. Dharamshala-- Himachal pradesh

10. Dalhousie --Himachal pradesh

11. Lansdowne--UTTARKHAND

12. Auli--UTTARKHAND

13. Mirik--Westbengal

14. Khandala--maharastra

15. Lonavala--maharastra

16. matheran --maharashtra(Automoile free hillstation)

17. Mount Abu--rajasthan

18. Saputara --gujarat

19. Munnar--kerala

20. Aruku valley -- andhrapradesh

21. Coonoor-- tamilnadu

22. Coorg -- Karnataka(Kashmir of south)

IMPORTANT LAKES

1. Wular Lake-- Wular Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in Asia and the largest in India, is

located in Jammu and Kashmir

2. Loktak Lake-- Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in northeastern India, located in Manipur.

3. Damdama Lake-- Damdama Lake is one of the biggest natural lakes in Haryana.

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4. Dal Lake--The Kashmir valley is blessed with exotic natural beauty of landscape and water bodies,

out of them one of the best is Dal Lake

5. Pichola Lake-- Lake Pichola is an artificial fresh water lake situated in Udaipur city in Rajasthan.

6. Gurudongmar Lake--Gurudongmar Lake is one of the highest lakes in the world. This fresh-water

lake is located northeast of the Kangchenjunga range in Sikkim.

7. Chilka Lake--Chilka Lake is the brackish water lake and is the largest coastal lake in India. The Chilka

Lake in situated in Orissa and is Asia’s largest inland salt-water lagoon.

8. Vembanad Lake--Vembanad Lake is India’s longest lake and is the largest lakes in the beautiful state

land of God, Kerala

9. Bhimtal Lake-- The pride of Bhimtal is a beautiful lake which offers magnificent vistas for tourists.

The lake is larger than Nainital lake, uttarnachal

10. Upper lake--Upper lake is the largest artificial lake in Asia, situated in “City of Lakes” called Bhopal,

Madhya Pradesh

11. Kolleru Lake and Pulicat Lake --are two major lakes for number of migratory birds in India-AP

SOBRIQUETS --PLACES 1. Asia paris -- lahore , pakistan

2. Africa in Miniature --Cameroon

3. Bengal sarrow -- river damodar , wetbengal , india

4. Blue mountains -- nilagiri hills , india

5. Britain of the East - Japan

6. Britain of the South - New Zealand

7. Battle field of Europe - Belgium

8. Backbone of england -- pennine mountians

9. Back bone of italy -- apenninine mountians

10. Big apple -- newyork

11. City of Cycles - Beijing

12. City of Eternal Springs - Quito (Ecuador)

13. City of Sky Scrappers - New York (USA)

14. City of Magnificent Distances - Washinton DC

15. City of Golden Gate - San Francisco (USA)

16. City of Seven Hills - Rome (Italy)

17. Cockpit of Europe - Belgium

18. Concentration Camp of Africa --Equatorial Guinea

19. Copper Country - Zambia

20. City of factories -- Knapur (U.P)

21. City of festivals -- Madurai , tamil nadu

22. City of dreaming spires -- Oxford , england

23. City of golden temple --amritsar , india

24. City of magnificant distance s-- chennai

25. City of palaces -- kolkatta , india

26. cock pit of europe -- belguim

27. City of pope -- rome

28. City of seven islands -- mumbai

29. City of snow -- canada

30. City of arbian nights -- baghdad, iraq

31. City of motor cars -- detroit , michigan (usa)

32. The City that Never Sleeps -- Cairo

33. City of roses -- chandigarh

34. City of smoke -- osaka , japan

35. City of steel in india -- jamshedpur

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36. City of temples -- varanasi

37. Costliest coast -- coast rica

38. Coffee port of the world -- shantos ( brazil)

39. Dark continent -- Africa

40. Dead Heart of Africa --Chad

41. Dairy of northern europe -- denmark

42. Evergreen forest -- western ghats

43. Eighth Continent--Madagascar

44. Emerland island -- ireland

45. Empire city -- newyork

46. Eternal city -- rome

47. Eye of greece -- athens

48. Electronic city of india -- banglore

49. Forbidden city -- lhasa (tibet)

50. Friendly island -- tonga

51. Front door of australia -- darwin

52. Garden city of england - kent (england)

53. Garden city of world -- chicago , usa

54. Garden city of india -- banglore

55. Garden of europe -- italy

56. Garden of south india -- thanjavur

57. Garden of gods --colorado (USA)

58. Gate way of india -- mumbai

59. Garden provice of south africa -- natal

60. Gateway of tears -- jerusalem

61. George cross island -- malta

62. Grnaite city -- aberdeen (scotland)

63. Great white way -- broadway ( newyork)

64. Granery of india --punjab

65. Gift of the Nile --Egypt

66. Granery of south india --andhrpradesh

67. Granery of tamilnadu --tanjavuur

68. Granery of kerala -- palakkad

69. Gribraltar of the indian ocean -- aden

70. Golden state -- california , usa

71. Golden city -- johannesburg , south africa

72. Golden penisula -- thailand

73. Hermit kingdom -- korea

74. Herring pond --atlantic ocean

75. Horn of africa -- somalia

76. Holy city -- jerusalem

77. Holy land -- palestine

78. Holy mountain -- fujiyama , japan

79. Horn of Africa --Somalia

80. Hinge of Africa-- Cameroon

81. Heart of Africa --Burundi

82. Hill Queen - Shimla

83. Island continent -- australia

84. Island of cloves -- zanzibar

85. Island of fire -- iceland

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86. island of pearls -- baharain

87. key to meditarrian -- gribraltar stait

88. king of indian forest -- teak

89. Land of atlas -- maldives

90. Land of golden fleece -- australia

91. Land of kangaroos --australia

92. Land of lillies -- canada

93. Land of maple leaf -- canada

94. Land of marble -- italy

95. Land of The Blacks --Sudan

96. Land of midnight sun -- norway

97. Land of golden pagaoda -- mynamaar

98. Land of perpetual greenary -- natal

99. Land of setting sun --USA

100. Land of rising sun -- japan

101. Land of five rivers -- punjab

102. Land of thousand elephants -- Laos

103. Land of thousand lakes -- finland

104. Land of thunder bolt -- bhutan

105. Land of white elephants -- thailand

106. Land of windmills -- holland ( netherlands)

107. Land of cakes -- scotland

108. Land of flying fish -- barbados

109. Land of humming bird -- trinidad

110. Land of milk and honey -- cannan

111. Land of morning calm -- korea

112. Land of Honest Men --Burkina Faso

113. Land of Thousand Hills --Rwanda

114. Little venice -- venezuela

115. Loneliest island -- tristan de kalanha

116. Manchester of the orient -- osaka , japan

117. Manchester of south india -- coimbatore

118. Modern babylon -- london

119. Mini India Of Africa --Mauritius

120. Mother -in -law of europe -- denmark

121. Mother of rivers -- calarodo , usa

122. Never never land -- prairies of north , australia

123. Pearl of the antilles -- cuba

124. Pawn of the Horn of Africa --Djibouti

125. Pearl of orient -- hongkong

126. Pillars of hercules -- starits of gibraltar

127. Pink city -- jaipur , india

128. Perfumed Islands --Comoros

129. playground of europe -- switzerland

130. Power keg of europe -- balkans

131. Pearl of the pacific -- guyayquil port ( ecuador )

132. Quaker city -- philadelphia, USA

133. Queen of adriatic -- venice , italy

134. Queen of the arbian sea -- kochi , india

135. Queen of flowers -- rose

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136. Roof of the world -- the pamirs , tibet

137. Rice port --puerto rico

138. Rainbow Nation --South Africa

139. Rice bowl of india -- godavari delta

140. Rice bowl of far east -- mynamar

141. River in the sea-- gulf stream

142. Roor of india -- chotanagpur

143. Saw mill of europe-- swedan

144. Scotland of the east -- meghalaya

145. Switzerland of india -- kashmir

146. Switzerland of latin america -- uruguay

147. Sick man of europe -- turkey

148. Sister city of madras -- denver

149. Sorrow of china -- river hwang ho

150. Spice garden of india -- kerala

151. Sugar bowl of india -- uttarpradesh

152. The battle field of europe -- belguim

153. The isle of spring -- jamaica

154. The sea of mountains -- british columbia

155. The store house of the world -- mexico

156. The down under -- australia

157. The mother colony of the west indies -- st.kitts

158. The promised land -- cannan

159. The Star and Key of the Indian Ocean --Mauritius

160. Twin city -- budapest

161. The imperial city --rome

162. The spice island of the west -- grenada

163. Valley of kings -- thebes

164. Valley of flowers -- uttarkhand

165. Venice of east -- bangkok ( thailand )

166. Venice of north -- stockholm , sweden

167. White city -- belgrade , serbia

168. White mans grave -- guinea coast , west africa

169. Windy city -- chicago , USA

170. Worlds bread basket -- prairies of north america

171. Workshop of europe-- belguim

172. Yellow river --hwang ho

Famous places in india

1. Granery of india -- punjab

2. Granery of south india -- andhra pradesh

3. Indian hawana -- andhrapradesh

4. Spice garden of india -- kerala

5. King of spice --pepper

6. Queen of spice -- cardmom

7. Tea garden -- assam

8. Coffee -- banglore ( chittmanglore )

9. Sugar bowl -- uttarpradesh

10. Golden fiber -- jute

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11. White gold -- cotton

12. Rubber board -- kottyyam

13. Coffee board -- banglore

14. Tea board -- kolkatta

15. Tobacco board -- guntur

16. Spice board -- kochin

17. Ground nut -- junagad -- gujarat

18. Salt -- bahvnagar -- gujarat

19. Cotton -- nagapur

20. Silk -- banglore

VITAMINS

VITAMIN

NAME

VITAMIN CHEMICAL NAME DEFICIENCY DISEASE FOOD SOURCES

Vitamin A Retinol Night

blindness,Hyperkerat

osis

Liver,orange,ripe yellow fruits,leafy

vegetables,carrots,pumpkin,squash

,spinach,fishsoya milk, milk.

Vitamin B1 Thiamine Beriberi,wernicke-

korsakoff syndrome

Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables,

potatoes, liver, eggs

Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Ariboflavinosis,Glossi

tis,Angular stomatitis

Dairy products, bananas, popcorn,

green beans, asparagus

Vitamin B3 Niacin,Niacinamide pellagra Meat, fish, eggs, many vegetables,

mushrooms, tree nuts

Vitamin B5 Pantothenic acid parthesia Meat, broccoli, avocados

Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine,Pyridoxamine,P

yridoxal

Anemia peripheral

neuropathy

Meat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananas

Vitamin B7 Biotin Dermatitis,enteritis Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, leafy green

vegetables

Vitamin B9 Folic acid,Folinic acid Megaloblastic

anemia and

deficiency during

pregnancy is

associated with birth

defects such as

neural tube defects.

Leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal,

liver

Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin,Hydroxyc

obalamin,Methylcobalami

n

Megaloblastic

anemia

Meat and other animal products

Vitamin C Ascorbic acid Scurvy Many fruits and vegetables, liver

Vitamin D Cholecalciferol,Ergocalcifer

ol

Rickets and

Osteomalacia

Fish, eggs, liver, mushrooms

Vitamin E Tocopherols,Tocotrienols Sterility in

males,abortion in

females,mild

hemolytic anemia in

newborn infants

Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and

seeds

Vitamin K Phylloquinone,menaquino

nes

Bleeding diathesis Leafy green vegetables such as spinach,

egg yolks, liver

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NICKNAMES OF EMINENT PERSONS Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi Bapu Mahatma Gandhi Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Grand Old man of India Dadabhai Naoroji Strong (Iron) Man of India Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Man of Peace Lal Bahadur Shastri Punjab Kesari Lala Lajpat Rai Bengal Kesari Ashutosh Mukherji Bihar Kesari Dr. Srikrishna Singh Andhra Kesari T. Prakasam Sher-e-Kashmir Sheikh Abdullah Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibut Rahman Deshbandhu Chitta Ranjan Das Deenbandhu C.F. Andrews Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan Jana Nayak Karpuri Thakur Rajarshee Purushottam Das Tandon Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore Guruji M.S. Golvalkar Desh Ratna Dr. Rajendra Prasad Ajatshatru Dr. Rajendra Prasad Mahamana Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Chacha Jawaharlal Nehru Rajaji/C.R. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari Sparrow Major General Rajinder Singh Young Turk Chandra Shekhar Tau Chaudhury Devi Lal Sahid-e-Azam Bhagat Singh Nightingale of India Sarojini Naidu Lady with the lamp Florence Nightiangel Swar Kokila Lata Mangeshkar Udanpari P.T. Usha Mother Mother Teresa Vishwa Kavi Rabindranath Tagore Kaviguru Rabindranath Tagore Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Tota-e-Hind Amir Khushro Lal, Bal, Pal Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal Bihar Vibhuti Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh Babuji Jagjeevan Ram Napoleon of India Samudra Gupta Shakespeare of India Mahakavi Kalidas Machiavelli of India Chanakya Akbar of Kashmir Jainul Abdin Father of Gujarat Ravi Shankar Maharaj Grandfather of Indian Films Dhundiraj Govind Phalke Morning Star of India Renaissance Raja Ram Mohan Roy King Maker of Indian History Sayyed Bandhu Anna C.N. Annadurai G.B.S George Bernard Shaw Haryana Hurricane Kapil Dev Little Master Sunil Gavaskar Magician of Hockey Dhyanchand Deshpriya Yatindra Mohan Sengupta

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Kuvempu K.V. Puttappa Little Corporal Napoleon Bonaparte Man of Destiny Napoleon Bonaparte Fuehrer Adolf Hitler King Maker Earl of Warwick Uncle Ho Ho Chi Minh Bard of Avon William Shakespeare Li-Kwan Pearl Buck Father of English Poetry Geoffery Chaucer Grand Old man of Britain Willium E. Gladstone Maiden Queen Queen Elizabeth I Maid of Orleans Joan of Arc Man of Blood and Iron Otto Van Bismark II Duce Benito Mussolini Desert Fox Gen Ervin Rommel Quaid-i-Azam Md. Ali Jinnah

NICKNAMES OF PLACES IN INDIA

City State Nickname(s)

Agra Uttar Pradesh • Taj Nagari

Ahmedabad Gujarat • Boston of India

• Manchester of India

Allahabad Uttar Pradesh • Abode of the God

• Sangam City

• City of Prime Ministers

Amritsar Punjab • Golden City

Asansol West Bengal • Land of Black Diamond

Bengaluru Karnataka • Electronic City of India

• Garden City of India

• Silicon Valley of India

• Pensioners Paradise

• Space City

• Science city of India

• IT Capital of India

Bhagalpur Bihar • The Silk City of India

Bhopal Madhya Pradesh • City of Lakes

Indore Madhya Pradesh • Mini Mumbai

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Bhubaneswar Odisha • Temple City of India

Chandigarh Chandigarh • The City Beautiful

Chennai Tamil Nadu • Gateway of South India

• Detroit of Asia

• Auto Hub of India

• Health Capital of India

Coimbatore Tamil Nadu • Textile City of India

• Manchester of South India

Coorg Karnataka • Scotland of India

Darjeeling West Bengal • The Queen of the Hills

Dhanbad Jharkhand • The Coal Capital of India

Shillong Meghalaya • Scotland of East

Dibrugarh Assam • Tea City of India

Durgapur West Bengal • Ruhr of India

Gandhinagar Gujarat • Green city

Guwahati Assam • Gateway of North East India

Nilgiri Tamil Nadu • Blue Mountains

Hyderabad Telangana • City of Pearls (Historically known as a

pearl and diamond trading centre, and it

continues to be known as the City of

Pearls)

• City of Nizams

• World Capital of Biryani

• HITECH City

Jaipur Rajasthan • Pink City

• Paris of India

• City of Palaces

Jaisalmer Rajasthan • Golden City of India

Jamshedpur Jharkhand • Steel City of India

• Pittsburgh of India, for being rich in

minerals.

Kanpur Uttar Pradesh • Leather City of the World (The city carries

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the nickname because it’s the center of

India’s leather production)

• Manchester of North India

Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir • Switzerland of India

Kochi Kerala • Gateway to Kerala

• Queen of the Arabian Sea

• God's Own Country

Kolkata West Bengal • City of Joy

• City of Palaces

• Cultural Capital of India

• Gateway of Eastern India

• Heaven of the Aged

Kolhapur Maharashtra • City of Wrestlers

Kollam Kerala • Prince of Arabian sea

• Cashew Capital of the World

• Gateway to Backwaters

Lucknow Uttar Pradesh • Shiraz-e-Hind

• Constantinople of the East

• The Golden City of India

• City of Nawabs

Madurai Tamil Nadu • Athens of the East

• City of Festivals

• City of Four Junctions

• Temple city

• Sleepless City

Malda West Bengal • Mango City

Mangalore Karnataka • Rome of the East

• Cradle of Indian Banking

• Gateway of Karnataka

Mumbai Maharashtra • City of Seven Islands

• Financial Capital of India

• Maya Nagari

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• City of Dreams

• Gateway of India

• Hollywood of India

• Maximum City

Mundi Madhya Pradesh • Power Hub City

Mussoorie Uttarakhand • Queen of the Mountains

Mysore Karnataka • Heritage City

• Green City

Nagpur Maharashtra • Orange City

Nainital Uttarakhand • City of Lakes

New Delhi Delhi • City of Rallies

Patiala Punjab • Royal City (City of Maharajas of Patiala

known for Royal Patiala Peg, Patiala Jutti,

Patiala Salwar. It is the biggest centre of

"Education" in the entire Asia)

Panipat Haryana • City of Weavers (City of textles and

carpets. It is the biggest centre of "Shoddy

Yarn" in the world)

• City of Handloom

Pondicherry Puducherry • Paris of the East

Prayag Uttar Pradesh • Abode of the God

Pune Maharashtra • Queen of Deccan

Purulia West Bengal • Manbhum City

Rishikesh Uttrakhand • City of Sages

• Yoga City

Siliguri West Bengal • Gateway to the Dooars

• City of Hospitality

Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir • City of lakes

Tezpur Assam • City of Blood

Thane Maharashtra • City of Lakes

Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu • Rock Fort City (Malaikottai Maanagaram

in Tamil)

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• Energy equipment and fabrication capital

of India

• Tucker Trichy

Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu • City of Paddy fields

• Oxford city of South India

• Halwa city of India

Udaipur Rajasthan • White City

• City of Lakes

• Venice of the East

Varanasi Uttar Pradesh • Spiritual capital of India

• Religious capital of India

• City of Lights

• City of Temples

• City of Learning

• Oldest living city on Earth

• Holy City

Jodhpur Rajasthan • Blue City

• Sun City

Nasik Maharashtra • Wine capital of India

• Grape city of India

• California of India

Surat Gujarat • Diamond City Of India

• City Of Diamonds

• Textile city Of India

Vadodara Gujarat • Cultural City Of India (Sanskari Nagari)

• Sayaji Nagari (Town of Sayajirao

Gaekwad)

• Banyan City (City's Name Came From

Tree Of Banyan)

• Capital Of MS University

• World Capital Of Garba

Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh • City Of Destiny

Kakinada Andhra Pradesh • Pensioners Paradise

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• City of Kaja

Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh • The Place of Victory

Bhimavaram Andhra Pradesh • Second Bardoli of India

• City of Prawns

Rajahmundry Andhra Pradesh • Cultural City

Guntur Andhra Pradesh • City of Chillies

Vaniyambadi Tamil Nadu • Leather city of South India

Warangal Telangana • City of Lakes

• City of Temples

• Second city of Nizam

Zunheboto Nagaland • Land Of Warriors

INDIAN TOWNS ON RIVERS Town River

Allahabad At the confluence of

the Ganga and Yamuna Patna Ganga Varansi Ganga Kanpur Ganga Haridwar Ganga Badrinath Alaknanda Agra Yamuna Delhi Yamuna Mathura Yamuna Ferozpur Satluj Ludhiana Satluj Srinagar Jhelum Lucknow Gomti Jaunpur Gomti Ayodhya Saryu Bareillly Ram ganga Ahmedabad Sabarmati Kota Chambal Jabalpur Narmada Panji Mandavi Ujjain Kashipra Surat Tapti Jamshedpur Swarnarekha Dibrugarh Brahmaputra Guwahati Brahmaputra Kolkata Hooghly Sambalpur Mahanadi Cuttack Mahanadi Serirangapatnam Cauvery Hyderabad Musi Nasik Godavari

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Vijayawada Krishna Curnool Tungabhadra Tiruchirapalli Cauvery

INVENTIONS Invention Inventor

Television J.L. Baird

Radio Marconi

Telephone Alexander Graham Bell

Electricity Benjamin Franklin

Electric Light Bulb Thomas Edison

Thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit

Radium Marie Curie

Telescope Galileo

Telegraph Pavel Schilling

Electromagnetic Theory Heinrich Hertz

Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein

X-rays Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen

Cosmic Rays R.A. Millikan

Automobile Ferdinand Verbiest

Penicillin Sir Alexander Fleming

Insulin Frederick Banting

Magnetic Tape Fritz Pfluemer

Raman Effect Sir C.V. Raman

Bohr Electron Theory

Boyle Boyle’s Law

Dalton Atomic Theory

Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev

Transformer and Electric Motor Michael Faraday

Geometry Euclid

Structure of Atom Ernest Rutherford

Law of Gases Gay Lussac

Electromagnetic Field James Clerk Maxwell

Motion of Planets Johannes Kepler

Principle of relativity Galileo Galilei

Newtons Law of Motion Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton

Electron J.J. Thomson

Photon Albert Einstein

Theory of Atom John Dalton

Blood Groups Karl Landsteiner

Quantum Mechanics Max Born

Quantum Theory Max Plank, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein

Law of Conservation of Mass Antoine Lavoisier

Age of the Earth C.C. Patterson

Heliocentrism Aristarchus of Samos

Heliocentric Model Nicolaus Copernicus

Periodic law Mendeleef

Venn Diagram John Venn

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Vierner Scale Pierre Vernier

Atomic Number Mosley

Law of Motion & Gravitation Newton

Laws of Electrical Resistance Ohm

Nuclear Reactor Enrico Fermi

Fuel Cell William Robert Glove

Celluloid Alexander Parkes

Hydrogen Bomb Edward Teller

Computer Architecture John Von Neumann

Airplane Wright Brothers (Orville and Wilbur)

Steam Engine James Watt

Logarithms John Napier

Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin

Transformer Otto Blathy

Cinematography Edison

Stethoscope Rane Laennec

Thermo Flask Dewar

Battery Alessandro Volta

Barometer Evangelista Torricelli

Camera Steven Sasson

Analytical Engine Thomas Edison

Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel

Helicopter Broquet

Dynamite Alfred Nobel

First Computer John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

Lift Otis

Guitar Adolph Rickenbacker

Light Emission Diode Nick Holonyak and Oleg Losev

Laser Printer Gary Starkweather

Mobile Phone Martin Cooper

Micro Scope Zacharias Janssen

Microwave Oven Percy Spencer

Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg

Video Games Ralph H. Baer Google Larry Page Mozilla Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross Facebook Mark Zuckerberg Twitter Evan Williams, Jack Dorsey, and Biz Stone Microsoft Bill Gates and Paul Allen Internet Vint Cerf Email Shiva Ayyadurai Apple Computers Steve Jobs World Wide Web (WWW) Sir Tim Berners- Lee IP Address Robert E. Kahn Micro Processor Federico Faggin

Works Persons

Foundation of Red Cross Henery Dunant Foundation of Scout Baden Powell Foundation of Red Gaurds Garrywaldy

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Founder of Socialism Archarya Narendra Dev Father of Sanskrit Grammer Panini Founder of Anand Van Babe Amte Founder of 'Auroville Ashram' Aurobindo Ghosh Founder of Shantiniketan Rabindra Nath Tagore Founder of Vishwabharati Rabindra Nath Tagore Founder of Pawnar Ashram Vinoba Bhave Founder of Bhudan Movement Vinoba Bhave Founder of League of Nations Wooden Willson Founder of Golden Temple Guru Arjun Dev Founder of Khalsa (Panth) Guru Gobind Singh

Newspaper/Journal Name Founder

Bengal Gazette(1780)(India's First Newspaper) J.K.Hikki Kesari B.G.Tilak Maharatta B.G.Tilak Sudharak G.K.Gokhale Amrita Bazar Patrika Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh Vande Mataram Aurobindo Ghosh Native Opinion V.N. Mandalik Kavivachan Sudha Bhartendu Harishchandra Rast Goftar(first newspaper in Gujrati) Dadabhai Naoroji New India(Weekly) Bipin Chandra Pal Statesman Robert Knight Hindu Vir Raghavacharya and G.S. Aiyar Sandhya B.B. Upadhyaya Vichar Lahiri Krishnashastri Chiplunkar Hindu Patriot Girish Chandra Ghosh(later Harish Chandra Mukherji) Som Prakesh Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Yugantar Bhupendranath Data and Barinder Kumar Ghosh Bombay Chronicle Firoze Shah Mehta Hindustan M.M. Malviya Mooknayak B.R. Ambedkar Comrade Mohammad Ali Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan Al-Hilal Abul Kalam Azad Al-Balagh Abul Kalam Azad Independent Motilal Nehru Punjabi Lala Lajpat Rai New India(Daily) Annie Besant Commonweal Annie Besant Pratap Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Essays in Indian Economics M.G. Ranade Samvad Kaumudi (Bengali) Ram Mohan Roy Mirat-ul-Akbhar Ram Mohan Roy(first Persian Newspaper) Indian Mirror Devendra Nath Tagore Nav Jeevan M.K Ghandhi Young India M.K Ghandhi Harijan M.K Ghandhi Prabudha Bharat Swami Vivekananda Udbodhana Swami Vivekananda Indian Socialist Shyamji Krishna Verma Talwar(in Berlin) Birendra Nath Chattopadhyaya Free Hindustan(in Vancouver) Tarak Nath Das Hindustan Times K.M. Pannikar Kranti Mirajkar, Joglekar, Ghate

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FIRST IN INDIA The first President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra Prasad The first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru The first Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore The first President of Indian National Congress W.C. Banerjee The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin Tayyabji The first Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain The first British Governor General of India Lord William Bentinck(1833-1835) The first British Governor General of Bengal Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885) The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of

free India C. Rajgopalachari

The first man who introduced printing press in India James Hicky The first Indian to join the I.C.S Satyendra Nath Tagore India’s first man in Space Rakesh Sharma The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without

completing the full term Morarji Desai

The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India General Cariappa The first Chief of Army Staff Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji The first Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council S.P.Sinha The first President of India who died while in office Dr. Zakhir Hussain The first Muslim President of Indian Republic Dr. Zakhir Hussain The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the

Parliament Charan Singh

The first Field Marshal of India S.H.F. Manekshaw The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics C.V.Raman The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award Dr. Radhakrishnan The first Indian to cross English Channel Mihir Sen The first Person to receive Jnanpith award Sri Shankar Kurup The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar The first Vice-President of India Dr. Radhakrishnan The first Education Minister Abdul Kalam Azad The first Home minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel The first Indian Air Chief Marshal S. Mukherjee The first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral R.D. Katari The first Judge of International Court of Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen Sherpa Anga Dorjee The first person to get Param Vir Chakra Major Somnath Sharma The first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen The first person to receive Magsaysay Award Acharya Vinoba Bhave The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in

Medicine Hargovind Khurana

The first Chinese traveller to visit India Fahein The first person to receive Stalin Prize Saifuddin Kitchlu The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet Shyama Prasad Mukherjee The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya Sen The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice Hirala J. Kania The first Indian Pilot J.R.D. Tata (1929) The first lady to become Miss World Rita Faria The first woman judge in Supreme Court Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi The first woman Ambassador Miss C.B. Muthamma The first woman Governor of a state in free India Mrs Sarojini Naidu The first woman Speaker of a State Assembly Shanno Devi The first woman Prime Minister Mrs Indira Gandhi

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The first woman Minister in a Government Rajkumari Amrit Kaur The first woman to climb Mount Everest Bachhendri Pal The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice Santosh Yadav The first woman President of Indian National Congress Mrs Annie Besant The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force Harita Kaur Dayal

The first woman Graduates Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu,

1883 The first woman Airline Pilot Durba Banerjee The first woman Honours Graduate Kamini Roy, 1886 The first woman Olympic medal Winner Karnam Malleswari, 2000 The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner Kamlijit Sandhu The first woman Lawyer Cornelia Sorabjee The first woman President of United Nations General

Assembly Mrs Vijaya Laxmi Pandit

The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State Mrs Sucheta Kripalani The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service

Commission Roze Millian Bethew

The first woman Director General of Police Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya

The first woman Judge Anna Chandy (She became judge in a district

court in 1937) The first woman Cheif Justice of High Court Mrs Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh High Court) The first woman Judge in Supreme Court of India Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi The first woman Lieutenant General Puneeta Arora The first woman Air Vice Marshal P. Bandopadhyaya The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines Sushma Chawla The first woman IPS officer Mrs. Kiran Bedi The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India Razia Sultan The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra Nirja Bhanot The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashapurna Devi The first woman to cross English Channel Aarti Saha The first woman to receive Nobel Prize Mother Teresa The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna Mrs Indira Gandhi The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashpurna Devi

First Wax statue of a Living Indian Mahatma Gandhi at Madame Tussaud's in

1939 First Chinese pilgrim to Visit India Fa-hien First Exclusive internet magazine Bharat Samachar First Miss India to participate in Miss Universe Indrani Rehman First President of Indian National Congress W.C. Bannerjee, 1885 First Muslim President of the Indian National Congress Badruddin Tayyabji First Judge in International Court of Justice Dr. Nagender Singh First Graduate in Medicine Soorjo Coomar Goodeve Chukerbutty India's First University Nalanda University India's First Open University Andhra Pradesh Open University India's First Lok Sabha Member to be elected with a

record maximum number of votes P.V.Narasimha Rao

First Indian to reach Antarctica Lt. Ram Charan First British to Visit India Hawkins First Test tube baby of India Indira (Baby Harsha) First Post Office Opened in India Kolkata(1727)

INDIAN STATES ON INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES Borderind Pakistan Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat.

Borderind China Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal,

Sikkim, Arunchal Pradesh.

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Borderind Nepal Bihar, Uttarakhand, Up, Sikkim, West Bengal.

Borderind Bangladesh West Bengal, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripua, Assam.

Borderind Bhutan West Bengal Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam.

Borderind Myanmar Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram

Borderind Afghanistan Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan-occupied area.)

COUNTRY-CURRENCY-CAPITAL Sr. No. Country Currency Capital

1 Afghanistan Afghani Kabul

2 Albania Lek Tirane

3 Algeria Dinar Algiers

4 Andorra Euro Andorra la Vella

5 Angola New Kwanza Luanda

6 Antigua and Barbuda

EastCaribbeandollar Saint John's

7 Argentina Peso Buenos Aires

8 Armenia Dram Yerevan

9 Australia Australian dollar Canberra

10 Austria Euro Vienna

11 Azerbaijan Manat Baku

12 The Bahamas

Bahamian dollar Nassau

13 Bahrain Bahrain dinar Manama

14 Bangladesh Taka Dhaka

15 Barbados Barbados dollar Bridgetown

16 Belarus Belorussian ruble Minsk

17 Belgium Euro (formerly Belgian franc)

Brussels

18 Belize Belize dollar Belmopan

19 Benin CFA Franc Porto-Novo

20 Bhutan Ngultrum Thimphu

21 Bolivia Boliviano La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)

22 Bosnia and Herzegovina

Marka Sarajevo

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23 Botswana Pula Gaborone

24 Brazil Real Brasilia

25 Brunei Brunei dollar Bandar Seri Begawan

26 Bulgaria Lev Sofia

27 Burkina Faso CFA Franc Ouagadougou

28 Burundi Burundi franc Bujumbura

29 Cambodia Riel Phnom Penh

30 Cameroon CFA Franc Yaounde

31 Canada Canadian dollar Ottawa

32 Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudo Praia

33 Central African Republic

CFA Franc Bangui

34 Chad CFA Franc N'Djamena

35 Chile Chilean Peso Santiago

36 China Yuan/Renminbi Beijing

37 Colombia Colombian Peso Bogota

38 Comoros Franc Moroni

39 Congo, Republic of the

CFA Franc Brazzaville

40 Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Congolese franc Kinshasa

41 Costa Rica Colón San Jose

42 Cote d'Ivoire CFA Franc Yamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (de facto)

43 Croatia Kuna Zagreb

44 Cuba Cuban Peso Havana

45 Cyprus Cyprus pound Nicosia

46 Czech Republic

Koruna Prague

47 Denmark Krone Copenhagen

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48 Djibouti Djibouti franc Djibouti

49 Dominica EastCaribbeandollar Roseau

50 Dominican Republic

Dominican Peso Santo Domingo

51 East Timor (Timor-Leste)

U.S. dollar Dili

52 Ecuador U.S. dollar Quito

53 Egypt Egyptian pound Cairo

54 El Salvador Colón; U.S. dollar San Salvador

55 Equatorial Guinea

CFA Franc Malabo

56 Eritrea Nakfa Asmara

57 Estonia Kroon Tallinn

58 Ethiopia Birr Addis Ababa

59 Fiji Fiji dollar Suva

60 Finland Euro (formerly markka) Helsinki

61 France Euro (formerly French franc)

Paris

62 Gabon CFA Franc Libreville

63 The Gambia Dalasi Banjul

64 Georgia Lari Tbilisi

65 Germany Euro (formerlyDeutschemark)

Berlin

66 Ghana Cedi Accra

67 Greece Euro (formerly drachma)

Athens

68 Grenada EastCaribbeandollar Saint George's

69 Guatemala Quetzal Guatemala City

70 Guinea Guinean franc Conakry

71 Guinea-Bissau

CFA Franc Bissau

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72 Guyana Guyanese dollar Georgetown

73 Haiti Gourde Port-au-Prince

74 Honduras Lempira Tegucigalpa

75 Hungary Forint Budapest

76 Iceland Icelandic króna Reykjavik

77 India Rupee New Delhi

78 Indonesia Rupiah Jakarta

79 Iran Rial Tehran

80 Iraq Iraqi Dinar Baghdad

81 Ireland Euro (formerly Irish pound [punt])

Dublin

82 Israel Shekel Jerusalem(#)

83 Italy Euro (formerly known as lira)

Rome

84 Jamaica Jamaican dollar Kingston

85 Japan Yen Tokyo

86 Jordan Jordanian dinar Amman

87 Kazakhstan Tenge Astana

88 Kenya Kenya shilling Nairobi

89 Kiribati Australian dollar Tarawa Atoll

90 North Korea Won Pyongyang

91 South Korea Won Seoul

92 Kosovo Euro (German Mark prior to 2002)

Pristina

93 Kuwait Kuwaiti dinar Kuwait City

94 Kyrgyzstan Som Bishkek

95 Laos New Kip Vientiane

96 Latvia Lats Riga

97 Lebanon Lebanese pound Beirut

98 Lesotho Maluti Maseru

99 Liberia Liberian dollar Monrovia

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100 Libya Libyan dinar Tripoli

101 Liechtenstein Swiss franc Vaduz

102 Lithuania Litas Vilnius

103 Luxembourg Euro (formerly Luxembourg franc)

Luxembourg

104 Macedonia Denar Skopje

105 Madagascar Malagasy franc Antananarivo

106 Malawi Kwacha Lilongwe

107 Malaysia Ringgit Kuala Lumpur

108 Maldives Rufiya Male

109 Mali CFA Franc Bamako

110 Malta Maltese lira Valletta

111 Marshall Islands

U.S. Dollar Majuro

112 Mauritania Ouguiya Nouakchott

113 Mauritius Mauritian rupee Port Louis

114 Mexico Mexican peso Mexico City

115 Micronesia, Federated States of

U.S. Dollar Palikir

116 Moldova Leu Chisinau

117 Monaco Euro Monaco

118 Mongolia Tugrik Ulaanbaatar

119 Montenegro Euro Podgorica

120 Morocco Dirham Rabat

121 Mozambique Metical Maputo

122 Myanmar (Burma)

Kyat Rangoon (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw (administrative)

123 Namibia Namibian dollar Windhoek

124 Nauru Australian dollar no official capital; government offices in Yaren District

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125 Nepal Nepalese rupee Kathmandu

126 Netherlands Euro (formerly guilder) Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of government)

127 New Zealand New Zealand dollar Wellington

128 Nicaragua Gold cordoba Managua

129 Niger CFA Franc Niamey

130 Nigeria Naira Abuja

131 Norway Norwegian krone Oslo

132 Oman Omani rial Muscat

133 Pakistan Pakistani rupee Islamabad

134 Palau U.S. dollar Melekeok

135 Panama balboa; U.S. dollar Panama City

136 Papua New Guinea

Kina Port Moresby

137 Paraguay Guaraní Asuncion

138 Peru Nuevo sol (1991) Lima

139 Philippines Peso Manila

140 Poland Zloty Warsaw

141 Portugal Euro (formerly escudo) Lisbon

142 Qatar Qatari riyal Doha

143 Romania Leu Bucharest

144 Russia Ruble Moscow

145 Rwanda Rwanda franc Kigali

146 Saint Kitts and Nevis

EastCaribbeandollar Basseterre

147 Saint Lucia EastCaribbeandollar Castries

148 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

EastCaribbeandollar Kingstown

149 Samoa Tala Apia

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150 San Marino Euro San Marino

151 Sao Tome and Principe

Dobra Sao Tome

152 Saudi Arabia Riyal Riyadh

153 Senegal CFA Franc Dakar

154 Serbia Yugoslav new dinar. In Kosovo both the euro and the Yugoslav dinar are legal

Belgrade

155 Seychelles Seychelles rupee Victoria

156 Sierra Leone Leone Freetown

157 Singapore Singapore dollar Singapore

158 Slovakia Koruna Bratislava

159 Slovenia Slovenian tolar; euro (as of 1/1/07)

Ljubljana

160 Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands dollar Honiara

161 Somalia Somali shilling Mogadishu

162 South Africa Rand Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judiciary)

163 South Sudan Sudanese Pound Juba

164 Spain Euro (formerly peseta) Madrid

165 Sri Lanka Sri Lanka rupee Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)

166 Sudan Dinar Khartoum

167 Suriname Surinamese dollar Paramaribo

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168 Swaziland Lilangeni Mbabane

169 Sweden Krona Stockholm

170 Switzerland Swiss franc Bern

171 Syria Syrian pound Damascus

172 Taiwan Taiwan dollar Taipei

173 Tajikistan somoni Dushanbe

174 Tanzania Tanzanian shilling Dar es Salaam; Dodoma (legislative)

175 Thailand baht Bangkok

176 Togo CFA Franc Lome

177 Tonga Pa'anga Nuku'alofa

178 Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago dollar

Port-of-Spain

179 Tunisia Tunisian dinar Tunis

180 Turkey Turkish lira (YTL) Ankara

181 Turkmenistan Manat Ashgabat

182 Tuvalu Australian dollar Vaiaku village, Funafuti province

183 Uganda Ugandan new shilling Kampala

184 Ukraine Hryvna Kyiv

185 United Arab Emirates

U.A.E. dirham Abu Dhabi

186 United Kingdom

Pound sterling London

187 United States of America

dollar Washington D.C.

188 Uruguay Uruguay peso Montevideo

189 Uzbekistan Uzbekistani sum Tashkent

190 Vanuatu Vatu Port-Vila

191 Vatican City (Holy See)

Euro Vatican City

192 Venezuela Bolivar Caracas

193 Vietnam Dong Hanoi

194 Yemen Rial Sanaa

195 Zambia Kwacha Lusaka

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196 Zimbabwe Zimbabwean dollar Harare

IMPORTANT DAYS AND DATES january

• January 1 - Global Family Day

• January 15 - Army Day

• January 23 - Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary

• January 26 - Republic Day

• January 26 - International Customs day

• January 28 - Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai

• January 28 - Data Protection Day

• January 30 - World Leprosy Eradication Day

February

• February 4 - World Cancer Day

• February 5 - Kashmir Day

• February 6 - International Day against Female Genital Mutilation

• February 12 - Darwin Day

• February 12 - World Day of the Sick

• February 14 - Valentine’s Day

• February 20 - World Day of Social Justice

• February 21 - International Mother Language Day

• February 22 - World Scout Day

• February 23 - World Peaces and Understanding Day

March

• March 4 - World Day of the Fight Against Sexual Exploitation

• March 8 - International Womens' Day

• March 13 - World Kidney Day

• March 13 - World Rotaract Day

• March 15 - World Consumer Rights Day

• March 20 - International Day of the Francophonie

• March 20 - World Day of Theatre for Children and Young People

• March 21 - World Sleep Day

• March 21 - World Forestry Day

• March 21 - International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.

• March 22 - World Water Day

• March 23 - World Meteorological Day

• March 24 - World TB Day

• March 24 - International Day for Achievers

• March 27 - World Drama Day

April

• April 2 - World Austism Awareness Day

• April 7 - World Health Day

• April 17 - World Haemophilia Day

• April 18 - World heritage Day

• April 22 - Earth Day

• April 23 - World Book and Copyright Day

• April 25 - World Malaria Day

• April 29 - International Dance Day

May

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• May 1 - International Labour day

• May 3 - Press Freedom Day

• May 4 - Coal Miners day

• May 8 - World Red Cross day

• May 9 - - Victory Day

• May 11 - National Technology Day

• May 12 - International Nurses day

• May 14 - World Migratory day

• May 15 - International Day of the Family

• May 17 - World Information Society Day

• May 21 - Anti-Terrorism Day

• May 31 - World No Tobacco Day

June

• June 4 - International day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression

• June 5 - World Environment Day

• June 7 - International Level Crossing Awareness Day

• June 8 - World oceans Day

• June 12 - World Day against Child Labour

• June 14 - World Blood Donor day

• June 17 - World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought

• June 20 - World Refugee Day

• June 23 - United Nations Public Service Day

• June 23 - International widow's day

• June 26 - International Day against Drug Abuse and IIlicit Trafficking

• June 27 - International Diabetes Day

July

• July 1 - National doctor's Day

• July 11 - World Population Day

• July 12 - Malala Day

• July 18 - Nelson Mandela International Day

• July 28 - World Nature Conservation day

• July 30 - International Day of Friendship

August

• August 3 - Independence Day of Niger

• August 5 - Independence Day of Upper Volta

• August 9 - International day of the World's Indigenous People

• August 12 - International Youth Day

• August 15 - Independence Day (India )

• August 23 - Internatinal Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition

• August 29 - National Sports Day ( Birthday of Dhyan Chand )

September

• September 5 - Teacher's Day (Dr. Radhakrishnan's Birth Day)

• September 7 - Forgiveness Day

• September 8 - International Literacy Day

• September 14 - Hindi day,World First Aid Day

• September 16 - World Ozone Day

• September 21 - International Day of Peace, World Alzheimer's day

• September 25 - Social Justice Day

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• September 27 - World Tourism Day

October

• October 1 - International Day of Older Persons

• October 2 - International day of Non-Violence

• October 3 - World Nature Day, World Habitat Day

• October 4 - World Animal Day

• October 5 - World Teacher's Day

• October 8 - Indian Airforce Day

• October 9 - World Post Day

• October 11 - International Girl Child Day

• October 12 - World Arthritis Day

• October 14 - World Standards Day

• October 15 - World Students Day

• October 16 - World Food day

• October 17 - International Day for the Eradication of Poverty

• October 20 - World Statistics Day

• October 24 - United Nations Day

• October 31 - World Thrift Day

November

• November 1 - world vegan Day

• November 5 - World Radiography Day

• November 9 - World Services Day

• November 14 - Children's Day ( Birth Anniversary of Jawaharlal Nehru )

• November 16 - International Day for Endurance

• November 17 - International students Day

• November 17 - National Journalism Day

• November 18 - World Adult Day

• November 19 - World Citizen Day

• November 20 - Universal Children's Day

• November 21 - World Television Day

• November 21 - World Fisheries day

• November 25 - World Non-veg Day

• November 26 - Law Day

• November 30 - Flag Day

December

• December 1 - World AIDS Day

• December 2 - World Computer Literacy Day

• December 2 - International Day for the Abolition of Slavery

• December 3 - International Day of People with Disability

• December 3 - World Conservation Day

• December 4 - Navy Day

• December 5 - International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development

• December 7 - International Civil Aviation Day

• December 9 - The International Day Against Corruption

• December 10 - International Day of Broadcasting

• December 10 - Human Rights Day

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• December 11 - International Mountain Day

• December 14 - World Energy Day

• December 18 - International Migrants Day

• December 19 - Goa's Liberation Day

• December 20 - International Human Solidarity Day

• December 29 - International Biodiversity Day

CUPS AND TROPHIES(ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS/GAMES) Sport Cups and Trophies Hockey Aga Khan Cup, Begam Rasul Trophy (women's), Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Lady

Ratan Tata Trophy (women's), Gurunanak Championship (women's), Dhyanchand

Trophy, Nehru Trophy, Sindhia Gold Cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Wellington Cup etc Football Beghum Hazarat Mahal Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy, Colombo Cup, Confederation

Cup, DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, BC Rai Trophy (National Championship),

FIFA World Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Santosh Trophy (National

Championship), IFA Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto Mukherjee Cup, Sir Ashutosh

Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy, etc. Cricket Anthony D' Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy,

Champions Trophy, Charminar Challenger Cup, CK Naidu Trophy, Cooch - Behar Trophy,

Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar - Border Trophy, GD Birla Trophy, Gillette

Cup, Ghulam Ahmand Trophy, Hakumat Rai Trophy, ICC World Cup, Irani Trophy,

Interface Cup, Jawaharlal Nehru Cup, Lomboard World Challenge Cup, Mc Dowells

Challenge Cup, Merchant Cup, Moin-ud-Dowla Cup, Nat West Trophy, Prudential Cup

(World Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Baria Trophy, Rothmans Cup,

Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, Singer Cup, Sir Frank

Worrel Trophy, Texaco Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy,

Vizzy Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup. Table

Tennis Berna Bellack Cup (men), Corbillion Cup (women), Jai Laxmi Cup (women), Rajkumari

Challenge Cup (women junior), Ramanuja Trophy (men junior), Travancore Cup

(women), Swathling Cup (men), etc Badminton Aggarwal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Australasia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European

Cup, Harilela Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatollah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Narang Cup, SR

Ruia Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara Cup, Thomas Cup, Tunku Abdulrahman Cup, Uber Cup,

World Cup, Yonex Cup etc Basketball Basalat Jha Trophy, BC Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, SM Arjuna Trophy, Todd

Memorial Trophy, William Jones Cup, Bangalore Blues Challenge Cup, Nehru Cup,

Federation Cup etc. Bridge Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy, etc Polo Ezra Cup, Gold Cup, King's Cup, Prithi Cup, Schneider Cup etc.

Athletics Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup etc Air Racing Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King's Cup, Schneider Cup etc Billiards Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup etc Boxing Aspy Adjahia Trophy, Federation Cup, Val Baker Trophy etc. Golf Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy, President's

Trophy, Prince of Wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, Topolino Trophy, Walker Cup,

World Cup etc Chess Naidu Trophy, Khaitan Trophy, Limca Trophy, Lin Arec City Trophy, World Cup, etc Horse

Racing Beresford Cup, Blue Raiband Cup, Derby, Grand National Cup etc.

Netball Anantrao Pawar Trophy, etc Rugby

Football Bledisloe Cup, Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy, etc

Shooting North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Pix etc Volleyball Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, Indira Pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, etc Yatching America Cup, etc

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SPORTS --International & National Bodies

1.CRICKET_

• ICC--international cricket council

• BCCI-board of control for cricket india

2.HOCKEY_

• FIH-federation of international hockey

• HI-hockey india

3.BADMINTON_

• BWF-badminton world federation

• BAI-badminton association of india

4.FOOTBALL_

• FIFA-federation international football association

• AIFF-all india football federation

5.TENNIS_

• WTA-women tennis association

• ATP-association of tennis professionals

• AITA-all india tennis association

6.OLYMPICS__

• IOA-international olympics association

• IOA-indian olympics association

7.ATHELITICS_

• IAAF-International Association of Athletics Federation.

• AFI-atheltics federation of india

• SAI-sports authority of india

8.BOXING_

• IBA-international boxing association

• IBF-indian boxing federation

9.CHESS_

• FIDE-federation international des echess

• AICF-all india chess federation

Cricket Stadium--Location

• Eden Gardens--Kolkata

• Wankhede--Mumbai

• Feroz Shah Kotla Ground--Delhi

• M. Chinnaswamy Stadium--Bangalore, Karnataka

• Keenan Stadium--Jamshedpur, Jharkhand

• Moin-Ul-Haq Stadium--Patna, Bihar

• Raipur International Cricket Stadium--Chhattisgarh

• DY Patil Stadium--Navi Mumbai

• Jawaharlal Nehru Internationl --Stadium Kochi

• Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium--Hyderabad

• MCA Pune International Cricket Centre --Pune

• Sardar Patel Stadium--Gujarat

• Municipal Corporation Stadium --Kozhikode

• M. A. Chidambaram Stadium--Chennai

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INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES

1. Line of Actual Control--India & China on the Northern Border

2. Line of Control --India and Pakistan

3. Durand Line--Afghanistan and Pakistan.

4. Radcliffe Line--India and Pakistan (its includes Banladesh Line)

5. Blue Line --Isreal & Lebanon

6. Purple Line -- Israel and Syria

7. Green Line --Israel and its neighbours (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria)

8. Mason–Dixon line-- Maryland and Pennsylvania/Delaware in Colonial America

9. Curzon Line--Poland & Russia

10. Military Demarcation Line (MDL)--North Korea and South Korea.

11. Armistice Line--North Korea and South Korea.

12. McMohan Line--India & China

13. Maginot Line--France & Germany

14. Mannar haime line--Russia & Finland

15. Oder Nisse Line --Germany & Poland( aftermath of World War II)

16. Hindenburg Line--Poland & Germany(at the time of First World War)

17. Sigfried Line--East France & Germany (at the time of second world war)

18. 16 Parallel North--Angola and Namibia

19. 17th Parallel Line--North & South Vietnam

20. 20 ParallelLine --Libya & Sudan

21. 22 Parallel Line --Egypt & Sudan

22. 25 Parallel Line --Mauritania & Mali

23. 26 Parallel Line--Western Sahara & Mauritania

24. 31 Parallel Line --Iraq & Iran

25. 35 Parallel Line --US it serves as border b/w Tennessee/Mississippi,

26. 36 Parallel Line--US it Forms forms the southernmost of the state of Missouri

27. 38 Parallel Line --North & South Korea

28. 40 Parallel Line--US it serves as border b/w Nebraska & Kansas

29. 41 Parallel Line-- US it forms the border b/w wyoming/utah border, Wyoming/colorado,

30. 42 Parallel Line--US it serves as border of new york & Pennsylvania Border

31. 43 Parallel Line-- US it serves as border of b/w State Nebraska & state of south Dakota

32. 45 Parallel Line--US it forms the boundary b/w Montana & wyoming

33. 49 Parallel Line-- USA & Canada

INDIA’s MISSILES AND THEIR STRIKE RANGE

MISSILE NAME STRIKE RANGE(km)

Prahaar 150

Prithvi-II 350

Dhanush 350

Agni-I 700 – 1,250 km

Agni-II 2,000 – 3,000 km[

Agni-III 3,500 – 5,000 km

Agni-IV 3,000 – 4,000 km

Agni-V 5,000 – 8,000 km

Akash 25

Astra 65

Brahmos 290

Nirbhay 1000

K-15 700

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K-4 3000

Shourya 700

Nag(Anti-tank missile) 500m to 4 km

Important Awards and their Fields

• Bharat Ratna– It is the highest civilian award of the India. The award was given for

outstanding achievements in the arts, literature, science and public servicesbut the

government expanded the criteria to include “any field of human endeavour”. The

number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a particular year.

• Padma Awards– Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushanand Padma Shri awards are

forexceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by

Government servants.

• Gallantry Awards – Param Vir Chakra (PVC), Ashok Chakra, Shaurya Chakra are

given for appreciating the brave and gallant.

• Nobel Prize– The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available

in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, andeconomics.

• Booker Prize– Literature

It is an annual award for the best original novel, written in the English language, and

published in the UK literary award.

• Vyas Samman– Literature

Vyas Samman is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation in recognition of the Hindi

literary work published in past 10 years.

• Moorti Devi Award– Literature

The Moortidevi Award is an annual literary award in India presented by the Bharatiya

Jnanpith organization for a work which emphasizes Indian philosophy and culture.

• Saraswati Samman– Literature

The award was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation. It is an annual award

given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages.

• Jnanpith award– Literature

The award was instituted in 1961 and it is It is presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a

trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of the newspaper The Times of

India. It is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22

Indian languages.

• Bihari Puraskar– Literature

Bihari Puraskar is a literary award instituted by K. K. Birla Foundation. The award is

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named after the famous Hindi poet Bihari and is awarded to an outstanding work

published in Hindi or Rajasthani by a Rajasthani writer.

• The Oscar/Academy Awards– Films

This is an annual American awards ceremony honoring cinematic achievements in the film

industry.

• Dadasaheb Phalke Award–Cinema/Films

The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India’s highest award in cinema. It is presented annually

at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals, an organisation

set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

• Arjuna Award– outstanding performance from the sports persons in sports and games.

The Government has modified the format of Arjuna Award very recently and as per the

revised schematic guidelines a sports person must have very good consistent

performances for the previous 3 years at the international level to be considered as

eligible for the Award.

• Dronacharya Award– Eminent coaches of any particular sport

The award is named after the very famous archery coach, mentioned in the epic of India

known as the Mahabharata. This very award is not related with the sports persons who

are still playing in the field; instead this is related to those eminent coaches of any

particular sport.

• Dhyan Chand Award– The award that is given to the veteran sports persons of India for

their lifetime achievement in their respective field of sport is named as the Dhyan Chand

Award for Life Time Achievement in Sports and Games.

• Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award– The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is the highest honour

bestowed to a sports person for his/her achievements in India.

• Stirling Prize– Architecture

The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in

architecture.

• Aga Khan Award– Architecture

The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize established by Aga

Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully

address the needs and aspirations of Islamic societies in the fields of contemporary

design, social housing, community development and improvement.

• Pritzker Prize– Architecture

The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually “to honor a living architect.

• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize– Science & Technology

The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology (SSB) is a science award

in India given annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for

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notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biology, chemistry,

environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine and Physics.

• Kalinga Prize– Science

The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO for

exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people.

• Grammy Award–Music

A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an accolade by the National Academy of Recording Arts

and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music

industry.

• Abel Prize– Mathematics

The Abel Prize is an international prize awarded annually by the Government of Norway to

one or more outstanding mathematicians.

• International Gandhi Peace Prize – This award is given to individuals and institutions

for their contributions towards social, economic and political revolution through

non-violence and Gandhian philosophy. The award carries Rs. 10 million in cash.

• Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award– This is for Excellence in Public Administration,

Academics and Management.

• Green Star Awards– The Green Star Awards recognize those who have made

extraordinary efforts to respond to environmental disastersaround the world.

• Magsaysay Award– Public Service, Leadership, Journalism, Literature,creative

artsand international understanding.

• Pulitzer Prize– The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements

in newspaperand online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the

United States.

• Sahitya Akademi Award– Books in Indian Languages and English.

• Manthan Award– It is an initiative in India to recognize the best practices in e-Content

and Creativity.

• FiFi Awards– The FiFi Awards honor the fragrance industry’s creative achievements.

• Sangeet-Natak Akademi Award– Music, dance and Drama.

• BAFTA Awards– Television, Films, Video Games andAnimation.

Important Temples in india

• Vaishno Devi Katra, Jammu & Kashmir

• Golden Temple Amritsar, Punjab

• Tirupati Balaji (Tirumala Venkateswara Temple) Chittor, Andhra Pradesh

• Lotus Temple New Delhi

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• Rameshwaram (Ramanathaswamy Temple) Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram,

Tamil Nadu.

• Kedarnath Temple Kedarnath, Uttarakhand

• Siddhivinayak Mumbai, Maharashtra

• Somnath Temple Gujarat

• Padmanabhaswamy Temple Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

• Badrinath Temple Uttarakhand

• Amarnath Temple Jammu and Kashmir

• Meenakshi Temple Madurai, Tamil Nadu

• Mahakaleshwar Temple Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh

• Kamakhya Temple Guwahati, Assam

• Bhimashankar Temple Pune, Maharashtra.

• Kashi Vishwanath Temple Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

• Triambakeshwar Temple Nashik, Maharashtra

• Jagannath Temple Puri, Odisha

• Iskcon Temple, Bengaluru, Karnataka

• Shani Shingnapur Nevasa, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

• Belur Math Belur, Howrah, West Bengal

• Khajuraho Temples Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh

• Omkareshwar Mandhata, Madhya Pradesh

• Shirdi Sai Baba Shirdi, Maharashtra

• Konark Sun Temple Konark, Odisha

• Sanchi Stupa Sanchi, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh

• Swaminarayan Temple Bhuleswar, Mumbai, Maharashtra

• Sharavanbelagola Hassan, Karnataka

• Mookambika Temple Udupi, Kollur, Karnataka

• Lingaraj Temple Bhubaneshwar, Odisha

• Birla Mandir Karol Bagh, New Delhi

• Iskcon Temple, Delhi

• Hare Krishna Hills, East of Kailash, New Delhi

• Kumbakonam Temples Kumbakonam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu

• Virupaksha Temple Hampi, Karnataka

• Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu

• Brihadeshwara Temple Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu

• Dwarkadhish Temple, Gujarat Dwarka, Gujarat

• Thiruchendur Murugan Temple Thiruchendur, Tamil Nadu

• Akshardham Temple New Delhi

• Mahalaxmi Temple Kolhapur, Maharashtra

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• Mallikarjuna Temple Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh

• Dwarkadhish Temple, Mathura Mathura, Uttar Pradesh

• Palani Murugan Temple Palani, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu

• Iskcon Temple, Pune Pune, Maharashtra

• Ekambareswarar Temple Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu

• Baidyanath Temple Deoghar, Jharkhand

• Sharda Temple Maihar, Satna, Madhya

• Pradesh Ranakpur Temple Rankpur, Rajasthan

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