Rps k40 - HANGING

7/28/2019 Rps k40 - HANGING

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HANGING

Is a form of death by suspending the body with a ligatureround the neck the constricting force being the weight ofthe body (or a part of the body weight)

Symptoms :

- loss of power and subjective sensations- loss of conseiousness

Cause of death

a. Asphyxia by pressing the neck that fore up epiglotis and

the the root of tongue agamist the posterior wall ofpharynx and occludes air passages

b. Venous congestion by compression of jugular veins


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c. Combined Asphyxia and Venous Congestion

d. Cerebral Ischaemia (anoxia) results from pressure on

the large arteries which prevent blood from going to thebram

e. Shock, occurs from pressure on the vagus nerves or

carotid sinuses

f. Fracture or dislocation of the cervical vertebrae whichcompresses or locorates spinal cord.

Post Mortem Appearance

1. External appearance :

- Ligature- Stretched and eloggated of the neck


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- Head is always inclined to the side opposite to the

knot and the arms of the loop of ligature

- Face is usually pale and placid- Patechial haemorhages under the conjunctiva

and neck

- Pupils are usually dilated

- Tongue is drawn in or caught between the teeth orprotruded and bitten

- Saliva after found dribbling out of an angle of the

month down on the chin and chest


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2. Internal Appearance :

Subcutaneous tissue under the ligature mark is usually dry,

white and glistening

Muscles of the neck are likely to be ruptured only when

considerable violance has been used

The miner and middle coats of the carotid arteries may be

found locorated

Fracture or dislocation of the upper cervical vertebrae with

compression or laceration of the spinal cord


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STRANGULATION

Is a violent form of death which results from constricting

the neck by mean : of a ligature or by any other means

without suspending the body

It is called throttling when constriction is produced by

the pressure of the finger and palms upper the throat

SymptomsIf the windpipe is comprossed so suddenly, the

individual is rendered powerless to call for assistance,

becomes insensible and may die instantly

If the windpipe is not completely closed, the facebecomes eyanosed, bleeding from mouth, nostrils and

ears, the hands are clenched and convulsions precede

delayed death


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Cause of death :a. Asphyxia (anoxic hypoxia)

b. Cerebral isehaemia or venous congestionc. Combined asphyxia and venous congestiond. Shock due to reflex cardiac arrest

Post Mortem Appearance1. External appearance

a. Appearances on the neck

- Ligature mark :Multiple of the ligature twisted several timesobligue of the vistim has been dragged by a cordthe base of the mark usually pale with reddish and

ecehymosed margin

- marks of pressure by the thmub and the fingertips- bruise in the middle of the front of the neck if a stickor a foot is used


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b. Appearances due to asphyxiaFace is puffy and eyanosed and marked with petechiacEyes are prominent and openConjunctiva are congested and pupils are dilatedThe lips are blueBloody foam escapes from the mouth and nostrilsThe tongue is aften swallow, bruised, protruding and dark

in colour

2. Internal appearance

Extravasation of the blood into the subcutaneous tissuesunder the ligature mark or finger marks

Larynx and trachea are congested and contains trothymucus

Cartilages of the larynx or the rings of trachea may befractured


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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

HANGING AND STRANGULATION

HANGING STRANGULATION

1. Mostly suicidal2. Face : Usually pale and

prechine rase

3.Saliva : dribling out ofmouth down on the chin andchest

4.Nock : Strecthed andelongated in fresh bodies

5.Bleeding from nose, mouthand cars very rare

6.External sign of asphyxiausually not well marked

Mostly Homicidal 1

Face : Congested and 2

marked with plechiae

Saliva : no such dribling 3

Neck : net so 4

Bleeding from nose, mouth 5and ours maybe found

External signs of asphyxia, 6

very well marked (minimal

if death due to vasovagal and

carotid sinus effect)


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7. Ligature mark : obligue, noncontinuous placed high upin the neck between chin

and larynose

8. Abrasions and ecchymosesround about the edges of the

ligature mark : rare9. Subeutaneous tissues under

the mark : white, hard and

glistening

10.Injury to the museles of theneck : rare

11.Corolid arteries : internalcoats ruptured in violens

casses of a long drop

Ligature mark : horizontal 7

or transverse continous,round the neck, below the

thyroid

Common 8

Ecchymosed 9

Common 10

Corotid arteries, internal 11

Coats ordinarily ruptured


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12.Fracture of the learyna andtreachen very rare and thattoo in judicial hanging

13.Fracture discolation of thecorvical vertabrae :

common in judicialhanging

14.Seratches, abrasions andbruises on the fase, neck

and other parts of the body

usually not present

15.No evidance of sexualassuale

16.Emphysomartous bullet onthe surface of the longs :not present

Often found also tyoidbene 12

Rare 13

Usually present 14

Sometimes evidones of 15

several assnult

May be present 16

Rps k40 - HANGING

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