Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily...
-
Upload
barrie-craig -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily...
![Page 1: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
routing
GenRiver 1.0Distributed process-based model
spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily
Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding of historical changes in river flow due to land use change
![Page 2: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
stem-flow
through-fall
rainfall cloudinterception
lateral
outflow
percolation
rechargeinfiltration
surfaceevaporation
transpiration
canopy waterevaporation
uptake
baseflow
{
surface run-on
sub-surfacelateral
inflow
surface run-off
Quick flow
Trees
Soil
Hydrological functions of forest:
Landscape drainage
?
![Page 3: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PES
RegulationSpatial planning
‘Permanent’ site characteristics Upland land use
Watershedfunctions
Downstream water users & stakeholders
Riverbed engineering
poverty
poverty
poverty
poverty
![Page 4: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Watershedfunctions
1. Transmit water
2. Buffer peak rain events
3. Release gradually
4. Maintain quality
5. Reduce mass wasting
Site cha- racteristics
• Rainfall
• Land form
• Soil type• Rooting
depth (natural vegetation)
Relevantfor
• Downstream water users,
• esp. living in floodplains & river beds,
• esp. without storage
• or purification• at foot of slope
![Page 5: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
stem-flow
through-fall
rainfall cloudinterception
lateral
outflow
percolation
recharge
infiltration
surfaceevaporation
transpiration
canopy waterevaporation
uptake
quick-flow
baseflow
{
surfacerun-on
sub-surfacelateral
inflow
surfacerun-off
Stream:
GenRiver 1.0a simple model that translates a plot-level water balance to landscape level river flow
Land cover influences:
* evapotranspiration -> water yield (immediate)
* infiltration (medium term ~ soil type)
![Page 6: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3. Subsurface flow into streams: ‘interflow’ or ‘soilquickflow’
1. Interception & evaporation from wet surfaces
5. Gradual release to streams through deep soil pathways
2. Overland flow into streams: quickflow
4. Uptake by plants for transpiration (+ soil evaporation)
14
2
3
5
Unit hydrograph – what happens to an ‘average’ drop of rainfall?
![Page 7: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The core of the model :
Patch level represent daily water balance, driven by local rain rainfall and modified by land cover and soil properties of the patch
![Page 8: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The patch can contribute to three types of stream flow :
1. Surface quick flow – on the day of rain event
2. Soil quick flow – on the next day after rain event
3. Base flow – via gradual release of groundwater
![Page 9: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3. Subsurface flow into streams: ‘interflow’ or ‘soilquickflow’
1. Interception & evaporation from wet surfaces
5. Gradual release to streams through deep soil pathways
2. Overland flow into streams: quickflow
4. Uptake by plants for transpiration (+ soil evaporation)
14
2
3
5
Unit hydrograph – what happens to an ‘average’ drop of rainfall?
![Page 10: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. Interception & evaporation from wet surfaces 1
Step 1 – canopy interception
Rainfall per event, mm
Water storage on leaf sur- faces, mm
Capacity limitedThr
ough
fall
prob
abili
ty1:1
Current LAI
Waterfilm thickness
Will evaporate within a day
=Cap*(1-EXP(-Rain/Cap))
Calder (2004) HYLUC
![Page 11: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1. Interception & evaporation from wet surfaces
2. Overland flow into streams: quickflow
1
2
Step 2 – Lack of Infiltration => overland flow
Two conditions lead to overland flow:
•Surface infiltrability less than required during storm (‘Hortonian’ overland flow, ‘sealing’ of the surface’); slope, surface roughness and rainfall intensity determine the time available for infiltration
•Saturation-limited: surface soil layers are saturated and rate of outflow determines possible rate of inflow
Rain duration,Can.Interc.DelaySurface staorage,
Slope SoilSat - Actual
PotInfRate
![Page 12: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Subsurface flow into streams: ‘interflow’ or ‘soilquickflow’
1. Interception & evaporation from wet surfaces
2. Overland flow into streams: quickflow 1
2
3
Step 3 – Soil quickflow: drain towards ‘field capacity’
SoilQuickFlow: Max(0,Soil- FieldCap)
Saturation
SaturationGW store
Percolation Fraction
GW release Fraction Baseflow
FC
‘Two-tank model’
RootZone store
![Page 13: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3. Subsurface flow into streams: ‘interflow’ or ‘soilquickflow’
1. Interception & evaporation from wet surfaces
2. Overland flow into streams: quickflow
4. Uptake by plants for transpiration (+ soil evaporation)
14
2
3
Step 4 – Plant uptake and transpitation
(Epot – IntercEff * Einterc) * W_avail
1.0
0
Soil water content
FC*DroughtFactor(VegType)
PWPEnergy driven,
e.g.Penman
Evaporation of intercepted water reduces transp.
demand
![Page 14: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3. Subsurface flow into streams: ‘interflow’ or ‘soilquickflow’
1. Interception & evaporation from wet surfaces
5. Gradual release to streams through deep soil pathways
2. Overland flow into streams: quickflow
4. Uptake by plants for trans-piration (+ soil evaporation)
14
2
3
5
Step 5 – Percolation to streams as ‘slow flow’
SaturationPercolation Fraction
GW release Fraction Baseflow
GW store
RootZone store
![Page 15: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3. Subsurface flow into streams: ‘interflow’ or ‘soilquickflow’
1. Interception & evaporation from wet surfaces
5. Gradual release to streams through deep soil pathways
2. Overland flow into streams: quickflow
4. Uptake by plants for transpiration (+ soil evaporation)
14
2
3
5
Unit hydrograph – what happens to an ‘average’ drop of rainfall?
![Page 16: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Topology of stream network: distances to array of observation points
Obs point 1 2 3 4 5
SubA 15 -1 -1 7 .
SubB 16 -1 -1 8 .
SubC 14 8 2 -1 .
SubD 8 1 -1 -1 .
…..
F
G
D
C
E
BA
1
2
3 4
![Page 17: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Inherentinterception &
water useproperties
Rai
nfal
l per
day
pe
r su
bcat
chm
ent
Potentially: surface infiltration properties per landcover type as a function of time (LU change per subcatchment)
Subcatchments
Tim
e
Inherent properties: - soil and groundwater storage capacity, - soil drainage & GW release fraction- routing time from stream to river monitoring point
Array dimensions in the model
![Page 18: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Model implementation in Excel
GenRiver.xls :
1. Rain & Debit data (daily)
2. Land cover
3. Subcatchment info
![Page 19: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Model implementation in Stella
GenRiver.stm
Model sector
![Page 20: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Model implementation in Stella
GenRiver.stm
GenRiver.stm Input section
![Page 21: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Model implementation in Stella
GenRiver.stm
GenRiver.stm Patch level water
balance
![Page 22: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Model implementation in Stella
GenRiver.stm
GenRiver.stm River flow
![Page 23: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Default run of GenRiver 1.0measured predicted
![Page 24: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
measured predicted
When seen over a long time series, both under- and over-estimates occur in dry periods, but the model tends to exaggerate
peaks
![Page 25: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The model is in the ‘right range’ but underestimates flows in dry periods and exaggerates peaks
measured predicted
![Page 26: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Model implementation in Stella
GenRiver.stm
GenRiver.stm Output sector
![Page 27: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
GenRiver application in Sumberjaya - Indonesia
Using 2 time series of land cover fractions :
Year 3(%) Year 20(%)
Forest 58 14
Cropland 22 11
Coffee 12 70
Explore the effect of land cover &
spatial pattern for rainfall on river flow
![Page 28: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cumulative water balance
![Page 29: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
River flow using Pathcy & Homogenous rain
Patchy year 3 Patchy year 20
Hm year 3 Hm year 20
![Page 30: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
SpatRain.xls
SpatRain.exe
WShedInd.xlsGenRiver.stm
What we offer
Input dataOutput -
hydrographs
Criteria & indicators of watershed functions
Participants Expectations?
Climate, soil, scale, land use
![Page 31: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 50 100 150Rainfall (3 stations), mm day-1
Riv
er f
low
, mm
day
-11975-1981
1982-1988
1990-1998
![Page 32: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
y = 0.02x + 0.85
y = -0.19x + 0.53
R2 = 0.01
0.10.2
0.30.4
0.50.6
0.70.8
0.91.0
0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85
Total Water Yield Fraction
Ind
ica
tors
y = -0.33x + 0.99
R2 = 0.46
y = 0.02x + 0.65
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85Total Water Yield Fraction
Ind
ica
tors
Relative buffering
Buffering
Buffering Peak Events
Lowest Monthly Flow
![Page 33: Routing GenRiver 1.0 Distributed process-based model spatial scale: 1-1000 ha,temporal scale: daily Can be used as a tool to explore our understanding.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e9d5503460f94b9e426/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Simulation results: current ‘MixedLU’ situation not much different from ‘forest’, but for a ‘Degraded soil’
buffering would be much lessHomogenous Rain
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 20 40 60 80 100Rain exeedance, mm day -1
Riv
erf
low
ex
ee
da
nc
e,
mm
da
y -
1
AllForest MixedLU AllGrass MixedLU(Act)
Patchy Rain
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 20 40 60 80 100Rain exeedance, mm day -1
Riv
erfl
ow
exe
edan
ce,
mm
day
-1
AllForest MixedLU AllGrass MixedLU(Act)
Homogenous rain Patchy rain
currentDegraded soil
currentDegraded soil