Rosseni Din Muhammad Faisal Kamarul Zaman Nurainshah Abdul Mutalib.
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Transcript of Rosseni Din Muhammad Faisal Kamarul Zaman Nurainshah Abdul Mutalib.
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Rosseni DinMuhammad Faisal Kamarul Zaman
Nurainshah Abdul Mutalib
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Why?To describe the sampleTo check the assumptionTo address specific research questions
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How?FrequenciesDescriptivesExplore
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FrequenciesCategorical variablesE.g.
Male vs Female
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DescriptivesContinous variablesProvides:
MeanMedianStandard deviation
Provides info on distribution of scoresSkewnessKurtosis
Searching for missing data
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NormalitySymmetrical, bell-shaped curveGreatest frequencies in the middle and
smaller are toward the extremeObtained by skewness and kurtosis valuesHistogram can also be used
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OutliersHistogram
Look at the tails of the distributionBoxplot
Look at the little circles with number attachedCheck whether it is an error or not
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Descriptive StatisticDescriptive statistic used to give a systematic general idea using Frequency, Mean and others.
This test is only used to report frequencies and percentages involved in the researches conducted. The steps are:
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1. Click Analyze, Descriptive Statistics and choose Frequency
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2. This will be displayed:
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3. Move the variables that you want to look at the frequencies
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4. Click Charts and choose any tye of charts that you wanted to use, then click ok
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5. This will be the result:
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6. Or like this:
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7. Maybe like this:
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Data normality testin general, it is used for inferential statistic. The procedures are:
1.Click Analyze, Descriptive Statistics and choose EXPLORE.
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2. Choose the variable that you want and then move them to Dependent List box
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3. in Label Cases by box, put your independent Variable
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4. In Display, make sure both (Dependent dan Independent) is chosen.
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5. For Statistic choices, choose Descriptive and Outliers
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6. for Plot, under descriptive, choose Histogram. click Normality Plots with test. Then click Continue
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7. For Option, in Missing Value section, choose Exclude Cases pairwaise. Click continue then OK
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8. The output will be like this:
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
variabel.x 0.159 249 0.000 .948 249 0.000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
for Kolmogorof- Smirnov table, we are given information about data normality value. When the value shows non signifikan value ( value > 0.05) this shows that the data is normal
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To look for OUTLIERS
from the normality test procedures , we can also look for outliers in our data. This can be done using Boxplot. It is shown in small circle with number outside the boxplot as shown in the next slide:
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Example of data that have outliers
In this case, there are 2 data which is categorized as outliers which is respondent number 177 dan 117. in order to eliminate them we need to go back and delete this 2 data.
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Money Isn’t an Issue!
Topics With Parents
Relative % Frequency
Everything 45%
Academics 29%
Social Life 17%
Lets Parents Talk 6%
Money 3%
Total 100%
Only 3% of
students talk with their parents about money. Are USD
students that well off?
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Do you value YOURYOUR LIFELIFE?
Times With Drunk Driver
Relative % Frequency
Cumulative %
Frequency
10+ 26% 26%
7 - 9 5% 31%
4 - 6 11% 42%
1 - 3 18% 60%
0 40% 100%
Total 100% 100%
60% of USD
students have gotten inside a car with a drunk driver. What does this say about
our respect for life?
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Normal is the New SkinnyNumber of Breakfasts
Weight 0-1 2-3 4-5 6-7
Under 0% 11% 11% 6%
Normal 71% 89% 68% 80%
Over 29% 0% 21% 14%
Grand Total 100% 100% 100% 100%
Of the students that eat 0 or 1 breakfast a week,
0% are under weight.
Ironically, the under weight eat.
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Car or Education:What’s More Important?
The less money received for an education, the more
money spent on a vehicle.
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Money, Money, Money
USD’s tuition is $200,000 for four
years.
42%of students are paying without assistance for an education that they
could spend on a Ferrari.
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Will we live in a virtual reality?
Mean 1.530256Standard Error 0.133201Median 1.5Mode 2Standard Deviation 1.073897Sample Variance 1.153254Kurtosis 9.889534Skewness 2.31316Range 7Minimum 0Maximum 7Sum 99.46667Count 65
USD students spend
90 minutes on
social networks a day. How will future generations learn
to socialize?
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Hands-on exerciseUse survey3ED.sav from
www.allenandunwin.com/spss
OR
http://rosseni.wordpress.com/2011/07/15/spss-for-beginners/
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Procedure for Creating a bar graph1. Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Bar > Clustered
2. In Data in Chart are section, click on Summaries for groups of cases > click Define
3. In the Bars represent box click Other summaries function - click on the continuous variable of interest (e.g. total perceived stress). Click on the arrow button The variable should appear in the box listed as Mean (Total Perceived Stress). This indicates that the mean on the Perceived Stress Scale for the different groups will be displayed
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Procedure for Creating a bargraph4. Click on your first categorical variable (eg
agegp3). Click on the arrow button to move it into the Category Axis box. This variable will appear across the bottom of your bar graph (x axis).
5. Click on another categorical variable (eg sex). Click on the arrow button to move it into the Define clusters by: box. This variable will be represented in the legend
6. OK