ROPESIGHTAN INTRODUCTION TO

THE ART OF CHANGE RINGING

BY

JASPER WHITFIELD SNOWDON

File 01 – Contents, Preface, Chapters I to VIII(Pages 1 to 79)

This document is provided for you by

The Whiting Society of Ringersvisit

www.whitingsociety.org.uk

for the full range of publications and articles

about bells and change ringing

)

8.\ Cl<-.STROK£.

AN l l'IT itODliCTION TO

THE ART OF CHANGE- RINGING.

BY THE LATE

JASPER WHITFIELD SNOWDON.

FIFTH EDITION,

REVISED AND CORRECTED BY HIS BROTHER,

WM. SNOWDON ,

PRIC!I ONE SHILLINC AND SIXPEIJC!:.

AU Rights Re,.rved.

LO~DON:

WELLS GARDNeR, O AKTON, & Co., 3, PAT•:RMO,:,.Tr.M Du!LDJNOS.

1900.

SECOND EDITION, PRICE 1s. 6d., WILL lll! READY FOR THE AUTUMN OF 1900.

_-\ TREATISE ON TREBLE BOB, BY

JASPER W . SNOWDON.

PART I.

The History of Treble Bob.-An account of the first peals rung in Triplts, Major, Caters, Royal, Cinques, and Maximus, with all the different long lengths, up to the greatest length yet rung, on each of these numbers, with the various particulars of each performance from authentic records ; al so some remarks on the speed of ringing in long peals.

The In and Out-of-Course of the Chat~gtt.-An explHnation of the meaning of these terms, with examples and all information necessary to form a full ncquaintance with the etmrse of the changes in nny method, and to analyse the course of any given change.

The mode of Pn"ch11g Touches and Peals.- A description of the different ways in which Treble Bob io; p•icked-( I), by the Lean-ends; (2), by the Bob changes; and (3), by the Course-ends, with tables for pricking according •o each manner.

The Qualities of Peals.-The different musical qualities of peals, with explanations of the musical positions and their extents, also the extent that can be obtained with the tenors togethE-r, &c.

The Transposition of Peals.-Ao explanatinn of the manner in which peals can be transposed by the leads and course-ends, by reversing the calling ancl by omitting or adding calls, with examples of each process.

The Proof of Treble Bob.-An elaborate explanation of the way in which the "Gen2r~l Proof Scale" for any variation of Treble Rob is produced, anrl the process of proving peals with the tenors parted and togethe•·, with directions for the proof of the treble leads and course-ends, with tables ~nd examples.

Lockwood's System of Co"'position.- An account of an original method of composing true peals, with several tables and examples showing the method oy which Reeve's 8448 and othtr peals may be at once produced by the wost inexperienced composer. 0

On Conducting and Calling Round.- A description of the various ways in which peals are conducted, either from an "observation" or an "inside" bell, with a variety of useful hints on conducting, and an explanation of the principles and mode of calling Treble Bob Round .

ROPE-SIGHT :-CONTENTS.

EXTRACTS FROM FoRMER EDITIONS

PREFACE TO THI: FIFTH EDITION

CHAP. L-On the Management o£ a Bell . .

PAGI!.

vi

vii

C!iAP. ll .-On Ringing RouDds 11

CHAP. III. .-On Pricking Changes r4

CHAP. !V.-On Ringing Changes on the Bells 19

CHAP. V.-Changes on Four Bells . • 30

CHAP. VI.- Changes on Five Bells . . 42

CHAP. VII.-On Pricking Touches and Peals by the Lead-Ends 52

CHAP. VJII.-Changes on Six Bells

CHAP. IX.-Changes on Seven Belts So

CHu. X.-Changes on Eight Bells 92

CHAP Xl.-On Conducting and Calling Round 1o8

CHI\P, Xll.-On Raising and Falling in Peal, Chiming, Covering, &c. 120

J _.,.· CHI\P. X!II .-On the Attainmtot of Accurate Striking !29

CHAP. XIV.-On Bell Rope Splicing 13.)

vi

EXTRACTS FROM FORMER PREFACES.

FIRST EPlTION .-Nov., 1879. J. VI/. S.

"UNTIL the appearance, in r86g, of Mr. Troyte ·s • Change­Ringing,' no book treating at any length on the early stages

of this art had been published .

.. In I87 I, Mr. vVigram's papers, entitled' Change-Ringing

Disentangled," appeared in Chl#rch Bells, and were afterwards

. republished in a separate form.

"With several friends, at the beginning of r87r, my

attempts to overcome the difficulties of Change-ringing began.

Unaware of the existence of Mr. Troyte's book (Mr. 'vVigram's

not then being written), we were left in a great measure to our

own resources, and to what we could pick up in stray visits to

neighbouring towers.

"l must express my obligations to the Rev. G. Pope, M.A.,

of Rempstone Rectory, who has given me the benefit of his criticisms on many of these sheets when in manuscript."

SEcOND Eo!TJON.-Oct., 1880. J. W . S.

"Undoubtedly the most pleasing acknowledgment of the -

efforts of a writer is the demand for another edition."

Preface. vu

THIRD EDITI ON .-june, 1883. J. W. S.

"Since the second edi ti on of ' Rope-Sight' was printed, have written a description of the principal methods in the

art of change-ringing. This book, which is called 'Statidard Metlwds,' is Illustrated with diagrams,· which show, in a graphic manner, the path of the treble and another bell

throughout a plain course in each method. Having from

my first connection with change- ringing always made use of such diagrams, I may add that this book will on account

of those re lating to the Plain Bob method, be of much use to beginners. Besides this, if any beginner accustom himself to the use of these diagrams, he will, when he has become proficient in the Plain Bob method, very readily learn any other from the diagrams given in 'Standard Metl:cds.'"

FouRTH EDITION.-Ajm'l, 1891. vV. s. It _would be no exaggeration to say that there has been

a clamorous demand for another edition of my deceased

brother's book, Rope-Sight. A chapter on "Striking" has

been added, which I hope will p rove of value to beginners.

PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION.

In issuing this edition I have again added a chapter, this time on Rope Splicing, which, it is trusted, wi ll prove of

prac tica l value.

WM. SNOWDON.

LE~US, January, 1900.

A BELL AT REST.·

A. Stock:. C. S•.ay. F Fr.~mt: .

B. W hool. D. Slider a I Gudgoons.

E. Clapper.

CHAP. I.

ON THE MANAGEMENT OF A BELL.

BEFORE endeavouring to acquire the art of managing a bell, I should recommend each learner, by practical observation, to make himself acquainted with the manner in which a bell is "/mug," the names of the different parts, and the mechanical movements of the rope and the bell. Besides the parts referred to in the accompanying illustration, I may add that the edge of the bell at its largest diameter is known as the "lip," the part where the clapper strikes as the "soundbo1v," the part above this as the "waist," and the upper part as the "crou,n." On the crown are cast the projecting loops, known as "cauo11s," by which the bell is attached to the stock. The part of the clapper which strikes the bell is called the "ball," the part above this the "sha11k," and the part shown in the illustration, which projects a short distance beyond the ball, is known as the "flight." The joint in which the clapper hangs from the bell is called the "crown staple."

vVhen a bell is at rest,. mouth downwards, in the position shown on the opposite page, it is said to be "down"; if the rope be pulled, the bell will move slightly in one direction and then, from its own weight, will swing back the opposite way; if these pulls be repeated, the bell will gradually swing further, or "rise," as it is called, until at last it will swing so far each way that the whole movement completes a circle. The hell is then said to be "up," and may, if desired, be q[lowed to go a little way "over the balauce" until the" stay" moves the near end of the

2 Rope-Sight.

" slidtr " to the extremity of the path in whic h it \vo rks . The be ll, then lean in g sligh tl y O\·er t he ba lance a g <Ji ns t t he scay, can t ht>1e remain a t rest, and th e han ds can be n.: m•wcJ frou1 the rope. The tnou th -upwanl !Jell, ;"~S s hown u:-~ the frontispi ec e, 1s t hen said to be " sd .' '

\Vhen bells a re rung up, they arc satJ t n l1e rung at a '' stt.pull," w hic h m eans tlt ;'tl t hey . trc runt; at s uc h a "ht!ght" tha t at any one pul l tl 11::y m<ly, 1f t.lc~ired . l•e !.tt , and 1: i;; \\'tl h be lls rung at this hei!;ht tha t rou ncl s and c hanr,; c ; a :e rung .

\ Vhen a bell is ;,tl in t he po:;it ion s hown o n tne left of the fr o ntis piece, and the rope is nr.a rl y a ll on· t he c•rcumfer ence of the wheel , it is said to be se t at "hrn1d-strt1ke .'· V'l h en iL is "pulltd -olf," and re volved in tl• !! cnntrary liirec rion- the rope bei ng t hus g:lt 11ere<.l up rou nd th e circumference of the wheel­it is saiu to be 5e t at •· bad~-sf,•ok~... I n 1 he forme r case the encl o f the rope is g-mspcu in on e haml. whi le l10t h hands ~rnsp the "srrlly,"as thethicl; soft pnrt<Jf til e rope is called(llg. 1): in the other cas(; th e end of the m pc only, ~; enerally callf'!d the "roje-wrl,'' is grasped in bo th h ~tnJ~ (llg . 'l)."

• I n Yo rkshire . I he ru pt:>. i n~tea.l o f lJei n)( Jou l>led hac~ a 1 I he c uu. as in the So uth. arc mad~ J$ !<hown in fi g ures t ;wd l , wi t h a >i ng le lellgl h b e low the :;.'\II y. the l a~t h i t een i 11che~ or so of whiC'h has abu tu ftin~ wroven in. th,~c ends .1rc ::w eb sufl n to the hand~ and 'ery mm lt hf!h l t<.r and les<; c l urn>)' th~n thl)s<: ";t h tht: d.:JUblc ·end~ . It a vin1; a I horoug h acqu;,iintance "it It both dP.scnpciun s o f tope. lam dtcid.,~ll r· in fa vour of these: s loc•wn. They can ~ aUJU>terl b )' maki n~ a lwul Lo;:tw.,en t he sally 11nd I he end : a $inglt> kn(l t wi l lchn~shorten a rupt:alx>u t a C\lll ple o f tncltc,,nnd ·' tigure "~"~not wilt mal." ,, dtftcrenlc u f :.bo ul duuble tit at d •stauce. hs the r:lpe b no t. ltkc the doublc -cn~kd 'Jil t:S . made thicker below the s:1ll )', these k no ts du nol mak e the end ::~ny mo re clumsy than a do ul>le-erH.Ied rope T hese rupe-end l e ngth ~

n:qu•rc to be made to s tu t the diameters u f 1he vano u5 "heeh. The thidcs r

part o f 1hc IUft tn .: n~ ust be tile end ol all. o;O a s not to ' ''I' throu~h :he har d. !-.: nor> sh<.u lrl l.w made .-lose to the 111ft em!. Wooden blods. or pl.t tfn, r:n ~ . dtffcn "g '" t h1c~ nrss. a1 e u,;ed -.hen the rop"~ are l m• sho rt.

011 thl Mrmagemmt of a Bell. 3

On pulling a bell off at hand-stroke the clapper strikes just as the revolution is nearly completed, and on pulling it off at back-stroke, the clapper strikes once more just before the bell regains its upward vertical position. It is therefore with refer­ence to the strokes of tbe clapper that follow that the terms hand-stroke and back-stroke are used, thus a ringer is said to "sink~ his bell" either at hand-stroke, or hack-stroke, according to the position from which the bell commences its revolution.

fiG. I.

J'OSlTION OF HAr<l>S ~· THE

HA~D-SrROKE.

FIG. 2.

PosrnoN OF HANDS AT THE

BACK· STROKE.

Although ·in the following pages I shall give instructions such as will, l hope, enable any ringer or set of ringers, without any further as~istance, to overcome the difficulties of change­ringing, I do not think it possible to give such instructions with regard to the practical man ipulation of the be!Js. To learn this it is absolutely necessary , I consider, that a ll beg inners should have personal instruction; I therefore advise, if there be no one in the place who can give such, that a neighbouring ringer be engaged. In a few lessons, ex tending altogether over two or three days, he

~ h ould bf> a lok t •J tca c::h thca<' ttta l rn:~nagemcn t of;; belL l la\' i n~ ruyself taugh trna ny- \NY rnany-neH h ;1 ncls th ese fir <>l <- te[l'i, I wil l s t<~te bm'.' thi , rnstrunor .,hould prrx~cd , ;trHJ wil l furt her i ll ~\:j [ th;.Jl , ~huuld h e nut rr·-.cet:t.l in t hi ... l'll:l ll ll e f , it is (lw i ng [ \)

h is i n cx~f' nen ce. l n t hco;;e, anJ i n a ll nrher J.>rehn rr na ry exercises, l re<..O llln t<:' nd tll.tf the Lb rrcrs he l ; t ~ h ed . !-.c> th :1 t person" l11 in~ in the nt.: i g hhnu rhoor.l m :~ y nut be an no yeJ l ry Lh t• srm nrl s of lrcll !. ::.tru ck in a n i rtd t ~crimir tal t: tlla n ner. T her"(' a re \' ;I rio n ~ ways of l il ~ h ing Llappers; t h~ fo llow ing- rs an ex tract on th i:; su bjcfl f r tJlll 1\·lr . Troytr •'s "C/wrlgr -1\iugiug."

" I r is o f i r ll pn rt o~ n ce in la:. hin g I he d<'~pper of a be ll , t ll :1 l it ~ h ou l d he la s hed ex:wtlv rn the a u tre of the Lc ll, a s , if t t lea ns muc h tn nne ~ r c!c or the •. ~t lr e r . it materia lly affeccs the ba l;mce nf :1. small onr:; fn r th is pmpo~e 1t i~ w<· ll to J(~ep h s bings rf':uly for a llt l!e be lls in a tnwer. T hc::.c lashi ng::. ~ lr uu ld l>e prepared by rnak ~ n ,; a smal l noo.::.c in the end c>i a piece 11f frn e rope , rht! noose to I H! ju"> t l;u~e e noug h to slip uv t r th e !l ig-ht of r he L!;i ppc r, :t nJ tho: rope l un ~ t:r:'•t.:~h to pass lrom th e ce nt re oi the bL·JI , o ve r the ltp, a nd to be rnacic fast t u t ire canons; two of th!',;e c ut lu tire right len;41 h bf' in~ ke pt u nde r e.tch hell. 1\ peal uf eig: , t I lt· ll sc.a n ha o,:c Lh t:rr cl:q.r pc rs Lr <> hed i11 h:t l f ;'! .-: man y ll ll nutc;,. I t is aJv i ~<t lJ I <· to ~cw a r icce of c,uwas o r lc.1tlwr n,und the laf. hing wiH~lP. it pn~..;c s n vt r t he lip of the !_,e ll , :1. -> 11 is \'cry ap t t u c;et cut in t h:u placL."

l.k~i d co; th is Jrr t,. rl e of b s hinJ.;. 1 nr;ry ;tdd tlra t the re a re ~vcul l mode$ of fi xing the cl ;1 pper by a "dap per s lay," which can be mo1c e-.. ? edi t r•' W'-ly f1hed '""! remm ed t ha n t he ro pe la~l ti n g'>. T nen~ a1e ~e\'eral r r1a.kc r~ IJ f th e·~~:: s tap, and any llell ­fu lln der wouiJ, I t hink, ~t l pp l y them . ~lr. E. Se<tgt', of ' i' , Ct)dr ing-tnn S lrt: el , E :o.. eter , i-; 1 he m ak e r of a ver y d fic icn l s ta y uf this d t>sc rrpt iPHi he p,a lso t he rnakt>r of au a ppctrat uf>c;.q_~al>k· t1f

bt: ing r..~ eJ to a ny ri n ~ of l>e ll c,, hy wh ic h, when th e cl appers a rt: la<oheJ nr ii :o.. ed , L,Jow:,. cnrre5ponui ng lo tire t imes a t wh ic h t ht~

II fld/. 5

c:l:~pprr ... of tlil• lwll \\O .dcl h.l\'r s•lunclec.l, :~re ~true k un minr:lture be: ls lned rn tire ringrn:.{ ch;nnher. P.) tlus llleJn<; the rirrg.,.rs ha \ ,. \ '"; [H;nefrl r ,( ;.;nu nd::. r rnm tiH; rr hells WI H'Il prac::tisin:; with­Ull! :lily :turwya:1lc b etnj:!" ~tven to t ire publi<.: hy Lh£: snulld!. of tbe t •J "t'r hells. I las ing ll<~d ~e\·c r;tl nppM1unitiP." ol practic.ing wi~h tillS arp;{r.Jl\1,: , a nd Df he:Hrn::; thr opi ni(Jil!> Q{ thO<;C 11·ho h~l\'e !l

(, xl:J t•1 their bt:il!' , J can '' nh con~r (!cnce 1 o:colltlllcn d it. and c.:•mc.r.ler that it ou~hl l<l hr- li,,•,! in C\l:ry to wer "·h1:re tht: pr.tni~in g of h~;.: in11 t·h is ld-;..: 1,:- tu c1.t,:e any .'\ lllltJ)',lll<.L' .

r\irh0u ~h l ilitve pre\ it>us ty 1e111:1rked t h.11 a beginnet Otlbh t in i\ f<.'w l<.:s;.on~ to :-t·-' lllirc the arl•Jf tnan:lg-in~ his hell, I du nor m~:\1\ thar lw \\Dtd d in th at nnw: nl11ain l'omp lct ~ c\lntrol nvcr it . LHrl si mply th.<t he <.houlcl ht: <.o mp<:tcnt tO pract i::.l' without n.:f] ui1 iug th ~~ ill :- lrrJC:IIJI <tl h i ~ <;ide. 1\ ,~oun.I S<t he~in nr t c ur l•e thu s ~.d e l y I t usto:d ,,. itl 1 hi s hell lle sht1uld prilc! 1~e as much and

:{' fn·~ l' \!: llt ly ''"' p,'l.,o.. d•l t~ 11nt il he: ],ecume<; il ll <~tl q;L in mnna::;i 11 ~

i l. He simu ld r.1kc t:IC r) 0!JJ>"ritllllt)' d pra tli,.. ing, either by hi Ill·

sc· l f nr with o t ),ers, U11lil ill:' c..tn set hi!; [,e)\ at each anrl e\·ery

tit •·oke, or !.t'l it ;\ I (IIH: ':>lr(JJ.. ,• , <tnJ ''ott zt dn"''l"- l bat is. llOI let it n sc q uit e up rot h~ halanre-<1 t tl1 r l!i!Xt. L: nttl he ha5 obtain ed a thorou;..:h 11 1 ;1~ tr·r) O'.'L'r ht;, ),e ll it i<; wor :-1" :hr~n usL·le;,s f•>r him In a i! Cillp t ruunrl ,:; o r change..;, a ~ , nlr bough he may f;Cramb le

through om> o r tl 'l' t>tlll'r, he will [1rohal ,ly Ml)u ire blu habit!=. C'-P•'C' rnlly v.ith re:::ard to ,n;rtl.: lltion in strik ing, and Ill lillY case will never make sut 11 rt~.piJ prugro:!"5 a-: he i<. '>ure to J ,J d he fi rst ma l;e~ h1111 ~e l f 11H)f(IU:..;h ly n~rnpct,.. nt tt) n tanil_!:!e his lt~: l l. E 1 ery

a•:compl 1 ~lted ringer can so !rand le hi;:; he ll tl ra t it c::xecutes all his "' i ~'"'" v. it li<J" 1 hi~ ht-uh~ <'011 <;r.,nu s o f h 1 s 1)1\' n part 111 tlte man i pu . lat1on hf' ~i,·ec. It, he C.lll , t!t ~re furc . ronccntri\IC: his attPnrion on th e c:hang:t·<: , and on the n1ikin~ nf h\5. llwn and ti:P oclrer bells. I am J~J tu makt Lhl'"t: rcn ,ark!> hP.cJ.use it i ., untlouhtrrlly a fact t hat nl;\II Y bq;i nncr <; are r• rSII<'d On tno rapid ly, at tempting c:b.,rge~ [,o:fnre 111cy ctn rtnl{ rou nd p~opcrly

6 Rope-Szght.

Having raised the btll to a set pull, t he instructor should explain and practically illustrate the different movements of the hands and rope, and carefully impress on his class that in bell­ringing, more than m most things, "there is a time to take hold and a ti me to ltnt•e ~o," and that his instructions on these points will require to be s trict ly followed.

Having set the bell (at hand-strol<e) the instructor will show that oo being pul led off, the rope first moves in a downward di rection, du ring which time any pressure exerted- " weight" it is generallycalled--will tend to make the bell rise up to, or over the balance, but that if the hands are not unclasped from the Srtlly before the rope begins to reverse the clirection of its movement, t he b ell will be " clreck~d" in its revolu tion. He wi ll then proceed to explain that in its upward movement the rope coils round the wheel , and the hand~ have robe raised, so that, as the bell comes up to t he point of balance at rhe bac k-stroke, the weight of the hands gradually comes on to the rope, and the ringer "fuls" the bell rise on to the balance. On pulling off at back-stroke the required "weight'' has again to be put on to the rope, and t he sally, wl1cn it rises, h .1S to be cau~ht ancl the bell felt on to the balance again at the hand-stroke posi tion .

\Vhen teaching, having ~i ven the fo regoing explana tions, I adjust the rope at bacl<-st roke according to the hei~ht oft he pupil , and having shown him how 10 hold the end for sett111g a t back­stroke, l pull the bel l offal hand-stroke with the proper "rveight" and no more, and allow him to mnnage her at back-stroke. By ringing in this way for a few mtnutes the power of feeling the bell rise to the balance at back-s troke will be acquired. l then take the rope end into my own hands, and managing t he bell myself at back-s troke, allow the pupil to acquire the power of controlling her at hand-stroke, when his hands a re not enc umbered by also having the rope-end to hold. J n this case, however, pu tt ing on very little weight, 1 take care at first to also grasp the rope a t

On tlu Ma11ngmtmt of 11 Bdl. 7

hand·stroke-either above or below the pupil's hands-so that I can prevent the bell being "throw11 over, " should he a ltogether miss the sally . After a few turns a t both these exercises, the pupil can be allowed to manage the bell at each stroke, but the instructor should take care to stand in such a position that he can a lso grasp the sally and assist in the management of the bell at hand-stroke until the learner can be t rusted to pull the bell with­o ut aid. When the new hand has acquired the art of managing his bell so that he may be trusted to pull away at her without assistance, he should, as l have previously observed, practise u ntil he has mastered the d ifferent motions of the hands and the rope so thorough ly as to he able to ring without having to think of such 111atters. . The better this has been done, the more gnali fied will he be to overc;:>me the difficulties to be encountered in learning change-ringing.

The instructor must see that the paths of the sliders do not allow the bells to set too fa r over, as it is bette r for the learner to "bump a bell off" than to break a s tay.

It is impossible for any written description of the best way of handling the rope, a nd accommodating the a rms to its move­ments, to be of as rnuch benefit to a learner as his observation of a good ringer who has, what the old writers on this subject called, an "agreeable·· pull. As Shipway says, "it would be . well for young pr:1ctitioners to notice such ringers as have an easy and agreeable pull with them, and imitate their example."

T he following hints with regard to handling the rope, &c., may not, however, he useless or uninteresting. I believe it to be immaterial whether the rope-end be held in the right or left hand. For my own part, 1 hold it in the left ; considering- that on account of the right being more general ly used, and its rear.h, therefore, slightly greater than the left, the right band should be free to take the uppermost position at hand-stroke. There are plenty of good

8 Roj>r-S;~·hl .

ring-ers, however, wl10 hul<i the rnpe-end in t he 1 igh t hanu; st ill. unless somo: d~~cidr~d prefe1ence is expressed ior t he o ther lrrllld I gcnera! ly teach my pupils to h,>ld it in lhe left ; ;-,ll tl;use tau~ lit by one ol '"Y l>rothcrs J:.olcl lh<' "'nd in tile rit-;h t hand. T here is , hnweve~.tone poi11l o f gn:al i:npo1 tanre, 11:1111ely, so hold inK 1 h~

rope that , '~hen the hand i:. o pc11 tu ~eize th~..: s~d ly, the rope- end 5houk! s it 30 Ju:ply in the ft)J fc c,f t he thu mh, that t he hand nlil)'

Ul! fr(:dy openet~ with the fi rogers,tt liberty for grilsping the sally .

Another po int which I con~idc: r irnp>)rtnnl is 1!1at 1 he lenr,: lt of the rr>pe ;u hack-stroke sh<Juld h~: so adJusted that when the allll>' are at full :.t n::t<-h (wit hout !:. tr;tillillg I mean) I he- hel l will he j u-;t on the bala nce. My r caso 1o 1\)r t his is a s fo llows: lf it be desi rt·d to reach ea c h t ime to a certain poi nt (only to he ult i mat~ly

:11 q ui 1ed loy ·-fetling"' the:: bell n,;e tn rhe l> .. danu-), i t \\JI I lJt: m1H.h c::;~sicr to ha tlu-;t-:o-.at· t pnint if tlw .II II lS have to J, .. :.ll t:tcht:c.l to t hc:ir full extent : lt:w 11" :he point he 1 n ,t n i ntCfllll'U 1:1te p0si t ion_ It li lt: ~:tlly ctbu l>c ~ra,;pc::d ar ~lll II ;, h ,·o;_: llt that the 011 ms are well e ~ tended , a g~~~ -tll:rco1 n llldncl Jl l il y hr had on:r t ht' llt· ll , which may alst> L'c mr_,re easi ly run::: to an exaLt ba lance at the hand-st10ke. In ~rac:; ping the ~:tlly the lower h:~nJ s ho u ld be close uDder the

Ci t he r. I ha1 e never :-c::c n a gout! .:;t 1 Jl,t>r who gra~!Jt>d the sally with hi ~ hand:., at tht~ most. more th.tn :t very few irll !1ec:; apart. The prac t1c:es which a nu1·icc shuu ld l1ew;J1e ni f.dling 1nt1J ate thesf: Nutot· M)"..t!' o-nllll t In let t hesally slip t h l ou~h his lingers, and lH1111 p the s tay, l·dore he closes them 0n it ; on the l:Olltrary, It-t him hold the sally altt.l Ccttchin:.:; it. with a llnll gmsp. Nr1·er, wlu~:1 the lt~pe ri ses ar;:1111 "iter l>c1n~ puller! off at ha nd, IL"t the loose pall uf the mpe 1 un t:Jrough Ius h.1nd. i'-:ever lnnk up for tht: o.;ally, or his in~t ructm wdl prob.tf,ly vol unteer the infonna­tion tl> ill ' ' il will come <.luwn by it-;t:I L'' In teachin:{ a puf.Jil to m:Jn ::t~e n hel l a t h;IIIU-;.Irol<e, 1 endo!::t\'Our ro gt:l hi111 to look ~t raig ht i11tr• my eyfs, ;,n that he may 1<-Mn to catch the sally Wllhout lookmg at it, (tlr he must ! !11.~<> le:t rn to catch i:, ;~c, h<' v:ill

On "" Moungwrcul of 11 Rtf/. 9

require his eyes for \\atching the orcier of the other ropes. A man should be able to pull hi!> bel l ofT :u1d ring it at a set pull with l 1s eyes shut, and this is what the learner sholllci aim a t cioing- ac; soon as possible.

\V1th regard to the positiun dur ing ringing, Mr. Troyte ha<> so wrll cxpl::u ned th is that I prefer quot ing !tis words exac tly, r~thcr t h<~.n p<~raphra!;in~ t hem, or substituting any remarks o f my oiVn, :~nd shall therefore concl ude thi::. part of my subject with tht~ following extrac t from hie; work :

' 'A r inger should s tand upright, never bending his hoc!y from the hip, as ;no::.t round rin:.jt~rs wi ll be seen to do; if a bell goes badly, a nci th11s reC]uires s trength , or if she is a very large beli , the weight of tlu.: l;ody s houltl be thfown on the rope by dropping the lmet~s. and the g reates t care must be taken never Lo do t ;,is too lrt l.lc h . A l:trge bell ont::h l to he l'tl n!j so as never to be thrown over the bala nce nw rc than h ;df-a-do;c.cn pounds wetght or so, else it will he impossible to strike her properly. The posit ion of Lhe feetl do not consider of any g-rea t importance ; the prettiest way is to keep one foot a little in advance of the o ther (which , it does not matter); but a great thing is to l<eep them during a whole touch, or as long as possible , in the s~ me place, and not to keep moving t hem. A 111an who rnoves his feet about is ne\·er so safe in a peal as a man who stands quietly all the time.'*

• In concurrence "ith Mr . Troyle's remark~. r ma y add, that almos t the only reason for moving lhe feel, is 1ha1 in a lo ng 1nuch, or peal , tlley are apt 10 · · ~:o lO s leep" blm remaining too long in lhe sarne pc.sit ion . l n such a c.ase it 1s best , occasionally, to c hange th e positio n by altering tb~ fool lhat 15 in :~.d vance. In r inging a peal I t;e•lerally r ing in my ··stock ing feet; · a nd can stand nearly any leng:h o f 1i•ue 1:1 the same p<JSttton . J n a peal o f over 10.000 changes. in which I rang the tenor (only a r.5cwt. bell ). I s1ood nntil the first pan-end c amP. up (lwo hours) wJLhou l mov>ng the posi1ion o ( my fe=t in the slightest ccgree, and 1hen only <.:hanger! them hy advanctng I he other foOt, because I d id not wish to run any ri~k of being affticted wah ·• pins and needles "

1 o Ropt-Sight.

"Unless, as has been said, a bell goes very badly, there should be litt le or no motion in the body, a slight movement, like a very slight bow, is not ungraceful; but this will corne naturally to a man who is likely to become a good ringer. Above all things the body should never be turned for the pur­pose of looking at one rope or another. • " " But the ringer should place himself in such a position that he can com­mand, by turning his head, a sight of every rope in the tower, and then turn his eyes or his head, if necessary, towards the ringer of the bell after which he has to strike."

In ringing there are certain expressions and technical terms with which all learners should at once make themselves acquainted. Jn these pagP-s I therefore intend, at the conclu­sion of the vario11S explanations, to append a series of qu~stions to which the reader should then be able to supply the a nswers, and I recommend that in all cases in which any doubt may arise, reference be made to the previous explanat ion~- The following questions relate to this chapter.

Q UE STIOliS .

When is a bell said to he "down " and when "up"? When is a bell said to be ·• ~et ,'' and what is the difference between

" set " and a "set pull •·? Explain the meanings of the terms "sally " and "rope-end.'" Which is the "hand-st roke, ·· and which is the ·• back-Sti'Oke" ? What is meant by " pulling on weight," when is a bell said to be

"checked.'' <!.nd when ··cut down"?

CHAP. II.-ON RiNGING ROUNDS.

ANY number of bells, tuned in the diatonic scale and hung in a tower, is called a "riug" of bells. The bell with the highest note is called the "treble," and that with the lowest the "tenor," the intermediate bells being termed the second, third, fourth, and so on. When the treble is sounded first and tbe consecu­tive notes follow one another until the tenor is struck, the bells are said to be rung in "rounds." The treble is then said to "lend," which means that she is the first bell that sounds at hand or back-stroke, and the remaining bells are said to "follow one another."

Having attained proficiency in the management of his bell, the learner may proceed to practise rounds, but he should not, if practicable, be put to ring the treble, as he will find it easier to preserve accurate time at one of the intermediate bells. I also advise, if the whole band be not learning at the same time, that each man should at first practise rounds on one of the lighter bells, not only because there is more objection to the heavier bells in the ring being badly struck, but principally because, as Mr. \Nigram writes, "it is knack, not strength," that is wanted in ringing, and this knack is more easily acquired at a bell only requiring a light pull.

In ringing rounds on any number of bells, the treble should be so struck at hand-stroke as to leave an interval between that blow and the last blow of the tenor at back-stroke, equal to double that which elapses between the striking of the other bells-a pause, in fact, sufficient for another bell to strike in. Thus on six bells, if the sounds and distances apart of the bells be repre­sented by the figures I 2 3 4 5 6, twelve sounds should go forth during twelve intervals, and then a pause, or silent interval,

12 Rop(-Sight.

should elapse before the treble again sounds at hand-stroke. The sounds of th e bells may therefore be represented thus, the mark "-" repre~enting the silent interval, making thirteen intervals in all :-

u :H56123456-- 123456 r·z3456- r 23456r 23456-I2)4SGI23456 - &c .

Giving this pause, after the termination of every other round, is termed" givi11g lend." This" open lead," as it is sometimes called, g ives a distinctness and finish to ringing - especially change­ringing-which it otherwise lamcn tahly lacl<s. ':'

In ring ing rounds, the treble, of course, leads, the second bell follows rhe treble, tbe th ird the second, and so on. The ringers of the L>el ls that thus follow one another have for their guide the rope of the bell that irnmeJi;tt.ely precedes them. Each ringer, therefore, allows the rope of th e bell that he follows just to commence its movement L>efore his own is pulled. Of course, the amount of " start," if I may use the term, t ha t each ringer has to allow his neighbour's rope has to be regulated by the resulting sounds. Each ringer shou ld therefore count the sounds, and by using his ea rs as attentively as possible en deavou r to strike his own bell in correcttime. Should the instructor cal l his attention to the fact t ha t he is striking too wide or too close, let him remember that the least possible alteration may make the requi red cJ ifference. I have known men, when told to" close her in'' at one blow and to "keep her off" a lmost immediately

• For some reason or other it is the invariable c ustom in Yorkshire to ring si.r bells without giving these open leads ; indeed. I have heard eig-ht ­belt ringers who did not observe this rule. Thus, althou~h there are some first-rate companies of si>-bell ringers in this county, tbe very precision of their ringing gives a mono tonous sound to the changes-a recitation, in fact, without punctuation. So firmly is the practice rooted that nearly all Yorkshire ringers (l pray that the r eader wi ll except me) consider tha t in this matter they are right. and tha t the ringer~ in a ll other counties are wrong; and yet those very men ha,·e ne,·er heard si~ bells rung with leads, nor have even thought of at tempting it.

011 Ringing Rounds. '3

afterwards, thin l< that t here was sonlclhing contr;:tdictory in two s uc h oppos1te orders. fot gtuing the very great difference that the ~li~;ht est a lteration wi ll rn<d<e.

i\$ a l cr~r ne r ha-; often !;Orne dilri culty in recognising the sound of h1s ow n be ll, practi s1ng s hould comrnence <m five or six !Je ll s at t he •nO<;t, as th en t he int erval he! ween the <.liffcrent bcll"-owtng to t he s wing of the t enor re maining the same-is mliCh g-reater than when e igh t are going. After acquiring a fa ir profictcncy 111 ring ing rOilnds at an inside bell , a begi nner will denvc much benefit fro m prac tisrng rou nds at the treble, a s he will t hus gai n the power cllld confidence n eccssaly to g ive hold a nd prec ise lead s , whic h he will afterwards find o f m uch St: rvice to him whe n ringmg c ha nges.

Although it tna y appear to some persons that 1 have a ttach ec.J too mt~c h importance to the m any s mall matters .. !luded to in this a nd the previou s chapter, I wou ld most serious ly ~d vi se all begin ners to give the ir ,·ery careful atten­tion to each of these diA'erent potn ts. The oue gnat aim of l.t'U)' utg 11111tr shoulrf Ue to bttOI!It 11 11 (lt'CIIIIIft sf rifit r . Jl is, there· fo re, during these firs t stages that ench learner sbould be especi<tlly cardul that he docs aot fall in to a n ungainly style or into habits of tnattcntion . I f all the d ifferent poi nts me ntioned arc cucf1d ly ohserved from the fi rst, they will afterwar<ls become habitt tal.

Q t:eSTIO:<S .

What i, the meaning or a ·· , tog" of bells , which be ll is called the " treble .. and wh :C'h the·· tenor "!

\Vhen is a bell said to "lead. · anrl \vhat is the d tffc rence betwee n a b~ll ·· leadt ng ·· and one "~; tving lead " '

When is a bell s.1id to "fol io"' a nother " I

CHAP. Ill.

ON PRICKING CHANGES.

THE sound of bells continuously rung in rounds soon grows monotonous to the hearers; besides this, the work proves equally monotonous to the performers. lf, however, the order in which the bells be rung is altered, a pleasing variation in the sound is produced. Such alterations are called "changes," and while, as Mr. Troyte has so truly and happily expressed it, "a person with sufficient strength and intelligence to turn a mangle could no doubt be taught to ring rounds,'' the practice of change-ringing gives full scope for the exercise of the intellectual as well as the physical powers. There is one way of ringing changes, however, which is only one step removed from the dull work of round-ringing; changes rung in this way are known as "call changes," ana are produced in the following manner :-One of the ringers calls out the numbers of two or more of the bells according to the order in which they are to follow one another; this change is then struck several times until the order for another variation is given, and so on. There is, however, a legitimate and scientific way of ringing changes in which the position of the bells is altered at each stroke, and thus, every time the bells are sounded, a change differing from any preceding one is pro­duced. It is this mode of ringing changes that I am now about to explain.

It is evident that to produce changes which shall constantly vary, until at a known and expected time the bells shall again

Ou Pricking C hnHf;tS. lj

£all mto rounJs. some ,·ery exac t and syslCtHa tic toethod of prou:edin~ must he e111rlnycd. The simpl~::st way of express­ing the blo 1wS of tltc bel ls on paper is to li'>C figmes to rcpn::sent t h~ Lells. and it c-an ea_<;tly l>e under;,tood that it \\i ll he much easter to !Jroduce chang~s by wicking c.Jifferet!l arrange111etlC~ of these lt~urcs 0 :1 paper :han it wi ll be co produce the diffe1et1t ~nangements of tLc 5lHI;HJ.; on the IJt:lls hy pull1ng a t the ropes . lt is the refor~: ncct!Ssary for everyo ne who wi ;; lt~::c; to LecomC'- a ringc::r firs t to lea rn ln prick cha nges on p:tper or slate, bcfc)re entleav,,ur ing to h.-.lrn to ring suc h chan:;P.s on the hells.

In change- ring-m~ a bell is n~\-er made to chan~e places exct-pt v.lth -;uch an one '' hich ;H the preceding dmnge :-oltuJt··J illlltle:iiatel y before or aftt:r it. 1\ly mc::ming i:. th;J.t fron1 rollnd o.; Oll , say, rour bells ( I '2 J 4) 1 Could c hang"e with:!, or 2 with euher I 01 J , 3 with either 2 o r 4, 0'\nd so oa , hut ne ither J ttM 4 could ch,mgc ~~•t it 1. Thi::. i~ a g-eneral l,1w.

t .! 3 4

2 I 4 j

2 -4 I J + ) j I

-1 J :l I

] + I 2

3 I ·1 :l I J l ·I I ~ j -f

Tlte simplest way of produci ng <:hO'l.nge,; IS ll) cha r.ge as many ut:ll s as pnssd.t.~ a t each stroke. \'\'nte d own four bells. thus :-1 2 3 +• a nJ Jraw a line under them to signify tlt<ll you ::.tart from that r nsilio n . Ftrst Lhange all the bt:lls tltu ~ :-2 1 -t 3· If a t the nex t ch:tnge all fo ur art! again ch<~ngcd, the ori~ina l row of f"l~ures, I :2 3 + \\ill 1 >e r roduced - Change,

16 l?oj>e-Sig!lt.

therefore (from 2 I 4 3) . only the two m iddle bells; the next row will then read 2 ·~ 1 3· 1t is now again possible to c hange t he posttJon of all four bells (in fact, if you again only changed the two middle bells the previous row wo uld be the resu lt). Change, therefore, all four hells and you have 4 2 3 r . ~ow

c hange only t he two middle bcl!s, you ha vc 4 3 2 r. T hen all fou r, and you have 3 4 1 2; then only two, w hich give$ 3 r 4 2 ;

then four, which gives 1 3 2 4; and then the t wo middle ones, which will produce I 2 3 +and b ring t he bells into the position from which they started, nan1ely, rounds.

O n three, five, six, o r any number of bells, the c hanges may be pricked in the same way. On three bells, t wo bells only can be changed eaci1 time, but on five bells , four can be changed each time; on six bells you first change a ll the six , a nd nex t time change only the middle four. The following c hanges are those produced in this manner on three, fou r, five , and s i:x bells. The b rackets show which would he the halld and bacl<·strol<es were these changes rung.

123 1234 1 '2345

{ 2 l 3 2 3 l

{ 3 2 I

J I 2

' 1 3 ::!

' I 2 3

I 2 I + 3 )2 4 I 3 I 4 2 3 I

l + 3 2 l

{ 3 4 I 2

3 I 4 2

I 1 3 z 4 I I 2 3 4

\ 2 1+ 35 )LJ153 f 4 2513 l+5231 154321 I 53 4 r 2

I 3 5 1 4 '1

I 3 1 52 4 fl 325 4 ) I 2 3 4 5

j 2 I 4 3 6 .') )241635 J42(l l 53 'l46251J f64523l )65 4 32 1 ls63412 1 53 6 ! 4 2

f 35 1 62 4 l3l526+

{13 25 46 J 2 3456

lf the path in which each bell moves, in st epping from one row of c hanges to the next, he examined, it will be seen that a bell moves one place at a t ime, until it arrives in the fi rst place

On Prir.k i11g Changes. 17

where it gt rikcs two blow-; and as saarl to "lead ,, 1t'hulc fmll," namely . one blow at hand and ano the r at back·stroke. In the same way each hell st rikes t wir:e when it rc:~ches the las t j.>lacc, where it is said to "lit a whole pull hehi11d.'' It w ill also be seen that (on the same numuer o f bells . o f course) each !Jell docs the sa me" work. " F or i11stance, nn four l>ells the trt:ble goes into second's place. then into third' s , and then into fonrth 's place, where 1t strikes two blows, namely, the "whole pull behincl "; it then goes down into third's, then into second's place, a nd then to leacl, where it leads a whole pull. The second bell does exactly the same work, except that it hegins by leading its whole pull. The !Jells when working- in this way , are said to he "hrmliiiJ? romui," and the set , or cycle, of changes thus produced , is called the "htt11ting course."

It should he no ticed that on odd numbers of bel ls, the .first pairs of bel ls are changed. From 1 2 3 4 5 the first change might be either 2 1 4 3 5 o r 1 3 2 5 4-; but t he former is the right way to he~in, as the whole pull at t lie lead then com­mences a t hanc.l ·stroke. The whole pull behind on an even number of hells is also at hand and back·stroke, but on odd numbers, it heg ins at back and ends a t ha nd·s troke.

By tbus commenc ing t he c h:tnges on the fi rst pa irs o f bells we have the rnle , whic:h b~ginners must note, that in going off into c hanges the "odd numbers h11nt up, a11d evm 11umbers hmzt dow1z."

Exercises. recommend each learner to prick out the hunting course on each number of bells, until he can do it withouL referring to the exa mples, and then to proceed to prick the changes on se.;,en and eight bells in the same way, until rounds a re produced . On seven bells , this will be in 14 c lmnges ; and on eight, in r6 changes.

T he number of changes in the hunting course, on three or more bells, is twice the n umber of bells used; thus, on three

18 Rope-Sight.

bells, twice that numbe r is prouuceJ , that is six changes; on fou r bells, eigh l c hanges ; on live be lls , ten changes, and so on Of course 011 all these numuers, ~xcept t hree. many more c ha.1ges can be produced, but I do not purpose going into this now.

2 I 4 3 t) 5 7 2 41 6]7 5

14:61735 ) ..j.b2 7 1 53 ]6 4 72513 l fi 7 + 5 2 3 r !7G54 32 1 l75634t2 j 5 7 3 6 L 4 2

1 5371624

{3517264 31527+ 6

fi3254 76 (123 + 567

J 2 1 4 3 6 5 8 7 ]24t63857 j .pG 1 8 375 l + 6 2 8 r 7 3 5 \ G4827ISJ I 6 8 4 7 2 5 1 3

l 8 6 7 4 5 2 J I

8(654321

7 s 5 & 34 1 2

i 5~3'j r +2

15738 1 6 14 I 5 3 7 I 8 2 6 4 135 1 72846 hrs ·27 4 t!6 } J 3 2 5 4 7 6 8 l 1 2 3 -t 5671:S

At pre::.enl the learner need only unclersl and how to hunt t he uel ls rou nd on paper, in carrying ou r which each brdl s trikes twice in each pl<~ce; hence rhe nu rn11cr of places or bells, being mu lt i)Jiied hy two, will give the number of changes in t he h unt ing course.

QOESTIU!' >.

\\ihen is a bell sa id lo "lead a whole pu ll," and when to ·· 11e a wh(Jie p ull'· ?

What is the meaning of " hunting rou nd," and a •· hunt in~: cour~"!

A~ which st rokt: (hand. o r back) does the whole pu ll a t the lead com­mence"'

fs thi5 at the same stroke both on even a nd odd numbers 1

E xplain the stro~es a t which the whole pu ll behind cumrn<:nce> on even and odd numbers of bells.

CHAP. IV.

ON RINGING CHANGES ON THE BELLS.

HAVING explained how the hunting course is pricked on paper, 1 shall now endeavour to explain how these changes may be produced on the bells. In ringing rounds each man has simply to follow the rope of one particular bell, but in ringing changes it is obvious that the order in which the ropes rise and fall will be continually altering. Each ringer has, therefore, to follow first one rope and then another; and so on. It is the power of observing these alterations of the ropes, and of finding out which of them he has next to follow that is required of a man in ring­ing changes. It will be easily understood that it is possible, when this ability is acquired by a set of ringers, for each bell to be so pulled at the proper interval after the one immediately preceding it, that not only may changes be produced, but that they may be struck as accurately as in round ringing.

This power of noticing the ropes, and finding out and follow­ing the right one, is termed" rope sight," and it is the faculty of being able to pick out the bell which has to be followed, that is the foundation of all change·ringing. It is, perhaps, hardly necessary to point out that when I use such an expression as "observe which bell follows you," I allude to the rope of the bell. It is obvious that the fewer the number of bells which are rung in changes, the easier it is for a man to observe their different positions and for this reason I recommend learners

20 Rope-Sight.

to work progressively from the changes on three bells to those upon a greater numb~r; and I would very strongly assure them that the more they know ahout pricking changes, and the more exactly they endeavour to fol low my instruc tions by ohserving bow they apply to such written figures, the sooner will they gain the power of ohserving the actuil.l positions of the rising or falling ropes .

Hunting course OJ! thrtt belts. - Having r ung rounds until the striking is satisfactory, someone, at the hand -stroke of the treble calls "go next, ·• or some such words, to signify that the next time the bells come to be pulled off at the hand-stroke changes will be commenced; and to fllrther ensure this, when the bells come to the hand-stroke, the same ringer will cry " here." Now the learner's troubles begin. Suppose him to be ringing the treble of the three bell s :-From his acqlla intance wi th the changes on paper, be wi ll have observed that at the first change the treble goes llP into second's place, or, as it is called, com­mences to" hunt up behind." Now there is one general rule for hunting "up ·• on any number of bells, which may at once be recognised and learnt by referring to any of the changes already pricked out. It is this : each btU ~·n h1mting up follows the bell which in the preceding change stmck immediately after it. Hence it is necessary v.rhen bunting up to observe which bell follows you. Now it may seem difficl!lt for you to follow one rope and also to observe which rope is following yoll; and so, to a certain extent, it is, and it migh t IJe more so if a rope when following you moved nearly at the same time, but, in fact, it will not be pulled unti l a short interval after you have pulled your bell. It is , therefore, of the greatest consequence, when following a bell, that your eyes shou ld be taken off that rope as soon as possible and transferred to the others. This is a point in which most begi11ners err . They stare at the rope which they a re following, until there is no time to fwd o u l which one they have next to follow. · 'When once your bell is pulled off, you can-

On Ringing Changes 011 the Bells. 21

not practically alter the resulting blow. Each ringer must, therefore, at once remove his eyes from the rope which be is following, and glancing round must single out the rope that bas been pulled after him.

If beginners would only take the advice th at is here given, and never look longer than is absolutely necessary at the bell they are following, the ir troubles wouiJ be very much lessened. This is one of the most common faults to be met with. In con­nection with this matter, I may add that it i~ more by tbe motion of the arms of his companion that ectch ringer finds his way than by the actual motion of the ropes. Thu~ it is quite possible for men to ring changes anrl peals in belfries where the ::;allies disappear through the floor <Jbovc them, and when::, at back srroke, the hands of the ringers are close to the ceiling. J\ot that such belfries are to be desired, or, if avoidable, to be tolerated; I merely mention the matter to show the extent to which a ringer i::; guided by the movements of the arms of his companions, in picl<ing ou t the particular rope he wants.

Now referring again to the rnan r inging the treble on three bells: during rounds the second bell has been continually strLLck after his; on commencing changes he therefore follo•vs that bel l, taking care, as soon as his bell has been pulled off at the proper interval, to remove his eyes and look round t o see who follows him. This will be the third bell. At the next stroke he will therefore follow the third, and will then h.nd himself <tt the back,., where he will have to s trike another blow to complete his "whole pull behiml. " 1'-:ow, on three bells this work behind is ea::;y, if the learner can only keep his wits about him, because there are only two bell s besides his own, anJ therefore if he remembers which bell he follow~d when he slrucl< his first blow in third's place, he will strike the second blow in third ·s place after the other bell, as may be !-ieen by referring to the pricked c hanges. Having in this way struck his second blow in third's place, and com p le ted his "whole pull behind,'' he will have to s tep down into the

22 R ope-Sight. ------ -second's place, and then down to the lead . This is called "hunting down, " and the ropes are singled ou t thus: ha ving struck his last blow behind after a certain bell , it is evident that at the next blow that bell will wa nt to strike after him; he 'must, therefore, drop clown into second's place ove r the other bell ; and then going to the lead, he will lead by pulling off at the opposite end to the hindermost of the other bells.

It may be here observed that when any one bell leads, it will follow the last of the other bells at what is te rmed the " oPfosite md," For instance, when a bell le<tds at hand .stroke, it wil l follow the bell that strikes last in the p revious change, which bell will have just been pulled off at back·srroke. ln the same way, when a bell leads at back-stroke, it will follow the last o£ the other bells pulled off at hand-stroke, and in either of 1 hese cases a bell is said "to lend off the oth" nt the opposite m d.'' W e may imagine either ringer, shown on the frontispiece, to be thus leading, for the position in whi ch either man, h1s rope, and bell., is drawn is that of one leading off rbe other at the oppo~ite end.

In the foregoing explanation I have frequently llSed the expression to •· strike after'' another bell. \Nhen one hell im ­mediately follows anot her it is said to "strike afte r it; there are, however, several other terms wh ich arc used to ex press exactly the same thing. Thus the words ".~trike after, ·· ''strike over,'' and "st1·ikt 011 to., all mean folluw nut to another bell. The expression to "take" a bell is also somet imes used when a more definit e a ll usion is made to the bell whic h has to be followed.

The hunting course on. three bells can be accomplished so easily from observations made on paper, that it is not much use practisio g it; but it gi ves the learner a good opportunity of grasping some idea of what he has to look for on the ropes, a nd bow he has to sort them out.

T here is a difficu lty met with at the outset in ringing changes which is a very serious one to learners, namely, the management

2)

of their bells. In nng ing rounds the time occupied by the swing· ing of a hel l from hand to hack-stroke, and ilgain , from back to hand-stroke, although sli~htly d iffe rent on a<..connt of the lead g-i\·en at hand-stroke, is respect ively unifonu ; that ts , tht bell is always sw ung to a certain height at each hand-stroke, and to a cC>rtain hcight,although slig-ht Jylowrr ,at Path back ~trok~. r-;ot so in change ringrng: here the time occupretl by the swingi ng (eltccpt when leaui!'l; or lying the whole pull ) is diffncnt to the time in rollnds. and the bell has tn he swung: higher at one 11 '1lE: or c:u t down at another, in order to lose or g ... in a place rt-specti\·ely. In rounds on th ree hell~. two st rike hetween ea1..h blow of thetn.:IJlc ; when, however, she stril<es her tir~t blow in the chan t::es, n()l only du the two hi:lls who follows her in the rounds each ~tril<e their last blow there, hut one of them, hunting down to lhtd, strikes ag:~in hefore the treble. T hus th ree blows are struck helwecn the las t hlow of LhL' treble in rounds and her first blow iu the change<;. Th •s is also the ca;,c' Ill the next half. pull. In hunting--up, the tre ble ha<;, rhcrdc; re, to be ~wung higher or fnrther tlcan in rounrls. \\.'hen th0. rreble st rikes the last hlow Ut"h iud, only two bell-; intervene. The.• las t blow behind is therefore struck at tbe c;ame swi_ng as in rounds. Now oL::en•e the treble hunting down into ~cr:ond '!> piace; only one be ll here strikes betwN'n ht-r l;lst blow behind :wd her blow in second'splar.e. :\gacn, only one hell intervenes be tween her blow in c,enmd"s and her first one at the lead . In hunung down, the treble i<>, therefore, robe cut down or rung low hecause the swing 111ust be le!>s tkw in ringing rounds to allow tlce bell to •· gain <I pin a " Two bells s tc ike hetween the first a ad last blows of the trel>le at the lead: hence the: last blow at t be lead is gi\'>::n w ith the same swing as in rounds.*

• Probably th.,re is no point uJ cl.lange-ri n~in~ so di ffi cuH to instil into heginne rs, or <>n<.' 1 h<1t ~o effectua lly rn<1rs their •:triking ::uccl miliLate~ against 1heir progres~. ~~~ I be aller:~tions tltU~ requircc1 in the amouot of ··weight ;"

Now, :t learner [s generally bothererl by his awkwardness 11 1 handltng his bell. F or instance, wh en ill: ,ltc_ndd l•c •• rising out·· ;;nrl have h1s bel l well up, it may eithet Jrop hy not guin ~ up to the balance, o r it ;uay be thrown up too htgh and he" bunt pl:'d o ff." In either ~ase he will he so much out of his

p1 upe1 pl;.~cc that 1t will be impos~il>le fo r a n yo nl' to r('aU irum the rope-; in which place he ought to he ; he wi II al<;t) rendt' r it impossd·,[c r.)r illlY o f the other ring-ers tu s~e tlwir Wa}'· Tile learn er s liutdJ. therefore, endeavuur tn mAna.t.:~ his hell c.J.l ndy and c.uully, <ltlrl mu!- t keep his wits about lum nml think w hether

h1s hell re•1 u1 re:. tu ho:: ke pt up, cut U•JWil . o r swu ~g rvc·n!y. l i e ~ ~~ (\ U[J :i iSL\ LUll llt th e rlacc into which he I S go1ng, 50 that he wil l put on the proper a1nuunt of weig l1t. In .. • oun fi11g }us flnrt, ·· e;n·h ringe r t11 ust re member that the numbe r of rupes

which n tO\'l.l befo re hts bell is pulled uFr wil l lte one ltSs t han the number of the plar~ in which h is h~::ll wi ll s t r ike. In hunting up, wl:en ht:: c0u nt~ himself in sccuud\ pla .-r., he wiJI ,;ee o11t rope ~o; when he -,. t r ikes 111 tJzi•·d's plao·e, liP. will set lu:o rop,·s lllove,

;tnd -,.n O tl. Tht:: tho ughts of the trebl ~ man in hu nting round

on three Lt'lb s huu ld . on going ofT into chanl-( t::S, run thu s:

Up 1nLn ~~cnnd's place. a little m o re lba :l thl.' u ~u :-. 1 we>J;bt oh . I'J into third '" plat:'<'. " li LLie mor~ th a1t the ..:~na l "e:!,:h t n n, Th1rrl ', pla~c a~ain tla;t bluw beh!nd) . an «''"' al(t pull. a~ in rounds. J J.ot~"' in lo seconcl'' plilce . pul l ber in slightly. TJ r.tt-11 10 k~.J. pull ner ' n ·lt~h t ly .

T.Pn<l a l(::tln (ld>t bi•)W .11 IP.acl), .111 average pu l l. a!> •n ro unds.

bdvre • han~:e--. are atlcmpted. l shC!uld, th~relore. a•hi>c that round' shm:ld nuw and then l>i! vi.tri~d ~)'a iew minute; pra.ctict> of the fo llowing c hange;

'Hand-stroke 2 t 4 3 6 5 Dat:k-stroke t 2 .s 4 5 u

Earh rin~tcr will tht'n have 10 hn:d up a t on ... a nu C<i l c.l <Jwn a1 the o1 he~

blow, n r ''"' t•cr><i, :tr.cl may th us become prac t ica ll y acqua.in tec.l with I he a.lte!-d l ion~ rerpt:rPri 111 the ~wi ng o f h 1,; b<:l l

Ou Riuging Changes 0 11 the Btlls.

There is, probably, no ringer, however accomplished, who does not now and then rni!:is the be ll he ought co follow; but in st~ch a ~as~ he wil l not he hopelessly confused, because he wi ll just have on the proper amount of weight to l~ke h is !Jell into the place, whether up or down, 1n which il is wanted, and the result will, in such a case, only be a s light falter in the striking, if even. that. I t is this way of so pulling a bell that it fal ls into its place, that make!' it easy for a practised ringe r to observe whic h is the actual bell he has to follow; because from the way in which he pulls, his bell will at the next c;troke strike almost in its exact position . It will now be understood why a beginner must practise unli l the managernem of his rope and bell gives him no worry. Tf he has to look a t the sall y 111 order to catch it, or lool< up to watch it coming down, or anythinf{ of tha t sort, he will have no time lefl to look for the bel l he has next to strike after.

ln ringing changes on three bells if only three bells be rung, they swing at suc h intervals that I do not think it is as easy to "read·· the rope~ as when the intervals between the changing bells are shorter. I, therefore, think that it will be an advantage to ring f1ve bells and practise changes on the middle bells (-z 3 4), 1 and 5 heing rung in their usua l place~ as in rounds. In this case, when the changing bells come down to lead thtir whole pull, they will then fo llow, at the same end. the bell which is continually in front; this, for ltarners, is much easier than leading off lhe last bell at the opposite end. The changes may even he practised on six bells with advantage. the changes being rung on 2 3 4 or 3 4 5· while the other bells arc rung as in rounds. 'J..Ihen any bell is c.onstanUy •· rwtg behwd,'" that is, immediately after the last of any number of changing bells, it is said to be "coveri~tg." The ringer of any covering bell should here refer to a later chapter on this subject.

TJu. lumfill{{ course on four bells.-1 n ringing the treble on four bells, the usual rule for hunting up, namely, to follow the bell that followed you must be used. Thisapplies until theliic;t blow

Rop.:-Sight .

behind bas been struck. On four it is much more difficult to hunt down than on three. It is accomplished in the following manner. Having struck the first blow behind after some one bell, the last blow behind will be after one of the two other bells. The ringer, therefore, takes care to look only for the. hindermost of these two other bells, and having foun<i it he follows it for his Jast blow behind. He then takes care not to look again at that bell {because having just fol lowed it the bell will at the next blow strike after him) but he looks out for the hindermost of the two remaining bells, and follows it when he steps down into third's place. He then lets it pass him and goes down into second 's place, after the only bell that is left, and then goes to lead.

Mr. V·/igram, in his C l1ange-rmgit1:,? Dise11taugled, sums up the whole matter thus: "Ln hunting up, strike after the bell which struck after you, until you come behind. In hunting down, see three bells move and follow the last ; two, and follow the second ; one, and follow that one; lead."

Let me impress upon my readers very strongly the fact that whether hunting up or down, having once followed a bell, they will not again strike after that bell until the hunting in that direc­tion has been completed, and they are once more either behind, at the lead, or hunting in the opposite direction. \Vhen once a hell has been passed, no notice must therefore be taken of it until there is again a possibility of its being the belt to follow. By this "weeding out" process, a thoughtful ringer may mal<e sure that, as it cannot he some one bell, it must be a certain other bell. My meaning may be best shown by referring to the tr·ehle in hunting down on four bells. Its first blow behind being over some one bell, the ringer will take care not to look again <tt that bell, but will observe which of the two other bells strikes immediately before him, and he will follow it at the correct interval. This would be difficult for a novice, were it not for the fact that , of these two bells , one of them will be pulled off so long before his own bell has to be pulled, that it will seem to be improbable that he has to

On Ringing CAauges Oti the Bell:s.

follow it, whil st the bell he has to follow will appear to be moving just when he may be expecting to pull his own bell. Having thus struck a fter the correct !Jell for his last blow behind, he will then t urn to the other of the two bells which he bas been looking after, as t his must now be the bell which he has to follow; this bell he will follow when striking his blow in third's place going down. He should now remember tha t having passed these two bells he must strike hi s blow in second's place a fter the bell which is not 011e of the two over which he has been striking during the two previous changes.

All thi~ requires coolness, and it ought to be well studied on paper. See the hunting course on four be lls: the ringer of the treble having worked up behind, s trikes his first blow over the third bell; he must now follow either the second or fmwth bell: which of these two must be found by looking to see which goes last of them; it is the secoud, and, having followed the ~econd, his next blow mu st the n be over the other of these two bells, namely, the fourth. Having thus followed bot h of these bells, he must now take the only remai>1i11g bell, which will be the third; th is brings him into second's place, and his next blow will be at the lead .

By looking at the changes on paper, and s itting at one corner of a table or of a room, and imagining the other three corners to be the positions of the other ropes, this hunting course may easily be rehearsed with great benefit to the learner; a lso, movmg his arms to suit the hand and back strokes of his rope, will be of further value. In fact, whatever a beginner can do to make himself realise what he has to look for 011 the YOfes, and how he will sort them out in the tower, will be found o f great assistance afterwards.

Although I have expla ined the work of the treble bell in each case, the work of each bell in the hunting course is just the same, the on ly difference is that they begw at different places.

Rope-Si~ld .

- - - - - ----- - -----F o r instance, the fou r th (on four l;ells) commences to hunt do wn, and ends with the h unting up :tnd the whole pull behind.

Having t hus learn t the hunting course on four hells , the lea rner may next proceed to a t tem pt the hunting Ct)u rse on live, or rnay atte tnpt furt her changes (see next chapter) on fou r bells . In any case, or irtdeed o n a a y number of belb , the learner , h o uld a lways reme!llber to co un t his place when nnging. F or insta nce, on four !Jells the t relJie man shou ld " chink," as he steps into each of the different places, thus:

Up into second'~ place. up into third's place. up in tO fourth's place.,- first b low behind Fourth's again,-last blow behind . Duwn 1nto third's place. Do••"' into ~econd's place. VMu" to lcad,-fi rst blow al lea<.l. Lead again .--- bst t.low at k ad.

I n the same way on f1ve bells, he must count \l l~t il he gets into fi fth's J.>lace, strike another b lo w in that place, a nt! then count himself down again until he a rrives at t he lead.

One of the reasons for coun ting in to which place he works 1S that the learner rr. ay ne1•er forget to pur on the proper amount o f weig h t so as to rnakt: his lx:l l :;trike. almo~t of its own accord, in its proper place at the next b low. Sh ipway· sa ys : ''It is most essen t i~ lly necessa ry that the prnc tition~;X

s hould a t a ll limes know every place he is in, sn t hct t, whc11 in the i1l"st plac.~. he may le;ui the whole pull, and when in the last f> lace lie the w ho le p u 11 behind."

At fi r:;t , after the hu nting cour~e has been o nce rung, t he conduc tor, when the bf:l!s com e into rounus , will say," That is all," when the bells wi ll be ~truck in rounds until the sig na l i:; <~gai n g 1ven to go off into c ha nges. \iVhen , however, the <:OLIJ'Se can he fairly struck, it will he fo11nd best to conti ll\l t: it

se,·eral ci n1es , lt>a vmg tl :e cond t" t l)r, wlJt: n he tbink!> proptr , to ~ignal t! <; l C' I In inatio n . This will en:~ bl e eac h n n l{e r tn rt-nu)ve from h1s 11<1r.d a n}' fcciing' t \1at l•l·t:IU :,~ his ht' ll Slilt t ~ at ib own place tn llw ltu r.ti ' IJ.; ...:our~e i t s w r11 k dtiTet ., fro m that of the o ther ~li s. \\ hen e<tclt tnar. t·on tinues to hun t h ts bell round, he wtl l <;oUJt rtlug-nise the fac t th:u I lie: hu nting cou rs<" nJn~i :-. t s mert:ly o f hunting up ami ci t)\\ n, and , that, inclepcndent ly o f the posiunn a t whic h his Ln·ll en ters tt, a :HI, a ft t>rwards, lea,-c~ it ' ' hen round~ a re callerl fnt .

Jn pra1 tis ing t he c h<lnges on four hdls. Wtllt Lhe clappers ~tnl<t!.hcd, I 1ecomnwnd ltvc o r S l'\ bells t o he rung: in th t: hrst \ <l '>t' tlw I h<tn!{CS ITI:ty Jx: run~ Oil th.- f lllll li 1sl i.Jefb, ::tnd lltlhc

lat ter r..tse on thr fn111 H1idclle hr·lb.

Befo re t hesc ( 1 .. \ llg'C·:; :-I I c:: a I kill r tcd o n tlw t owc·r ht-lls , r retOillllt~nd t hat t hey he firs t trH•d ll\'1 I' o n tlw lt,tnd hell , , each r i n~er u-; mr:; t~nc hell on !>· · :tnd ~.:ndt'aVOUltlig t n pi< k uu t til t ht> ll to h)llow l•y tilt: tul t:, JP'·cn l<1r hun11ng. rt 'l lll;nd~<: lin~o: that ;H

h:-tnd-st rol<t· lhe bell Jll li S l ue r:-tist:J towards the· shou ld,~ t, a nd al ktd\ -~ lruk t: l uw~ 1 cd <1g<11n . Prar- tl ,.,in~ dl : t n~t::. o r the hand ­hells C.::l t~ IHl l he 1011 :-tt ungl}· rc ... ummenderl . <1 '> at lcilst J uuble tlte :w;t) ti!H o f wot l< can be done 111 lhC' ~amc tin11', Wltlt t1lll the t1 ouble <~ n rl •: x<: rt• t.ll l uf p<~lli1 1g the lit::.tvy ICl Wt'l' h~lls. In tact , without tht.: ust: o t hand -hrlls, I \'P lY tn11 c li duuut wltl'! tiH:r any rapid pmR: b, can Ut m.H.lt: wllh a ba nd composPcl IYIO$IIy of

O:iinn<:r:,.

\ Vh:u 1~ the meamuj! o f " rop<>-~ 11(111 .. > \\'ba• ,. l h!! ~:eneral r ule fnr "hunn njl up beh tnd > \\ 'hen i~ ''"C hel' s.-11t1 to il':ut ntf :tnnther a.t th~ <•ppo>Slle cod··> Count •ntu wb ch pla te• th e 11 chic w1 ll fall In hu l'l l> 'l~ ro und u n three

bell•, a nd ,., ,, , ,,- the c.:~ mp .. r.~t •vc amount ul " wcl~ hl "htch h:\~ t•J be put on the l,dl f<Jr eac h place respectively.

Oo t he >ame In lh!! h un tillJ: COI.f'-C t•n fOi l f anJ fl\e bells.

CHAP. V.-CHANGES ON FOUR BELLS.

BEFORE explaining the method for arranging changes on a system that will produce the full number obtainable, on the different numbers of bells, it will, perhaps, be of interest if I explain how the number of changes that can be produced may be ca lculated in each case.

On two bells it is evident that only two different changes, r 2 and 2 1, can be had. Now, if a third bell be used, it can be placed either behind these two changes, between them, or in front of them, and will produce two different changes in each place, thus:

I 2 3 2 I 3

I 3 2

2 _) I

3 I 2

3 2 I

This shows that six is the "exte11t," that is, the whole number of changes that can be produced on three bells; and as two bells will give two changes, so the third bell gives three times this number, that is six. Now if a fourth bell be used, it can be placed in four different positions, namely, in front, behind, or in two different positions between the three figures; and as there are six different changes than can be produced on the three bells, if a fourth bell he placed in every one of these different places, we shall have four times the number of changes on four bells that can be had on three. Thereiore, by multiplying the six, on three bells, by four (which gives twenty-four), we find the extent of changes on four bells. In the same way, by multiplying these 24 changes by five, we have the extent on five bells, viz., 120.

The rule, therefore, to find the extent of changes on any number of bells, is to multiply all the different numbers by each other; this will shew that on six bells there will be 720 changes, on seven bells, 5040 changes, and on eight bells, 40>320.

Changes on FoltY B ells . - ·-- - ----- - - ----

To prick the extent of the changes on four bells.-On three bells the hunting course will produce the extent of the changes, but on four there are twenty-four c hanges, and as the hunting course only produces eight, some other means must be taken to produce the extent. It can he done in the following manner: Prick the c hanges on four bells in the usual way until the treble comes to the lead a t hand-stroke, that 1 2 3 4 change will be 1 3 2 4·

Now if the next change be pricked in the way previous! y explained, t he bells come into rounds. Instead of t h is, let the bell in second's place remain in that place while the treble leads the last blow of its whole pull, and c hange only the two h indermost bells; t his gives the change r 3 4 2.

Now the treble has come to the place from which it s tarted, but the other bells are in different posit ions. If the c hanges be again pricked in the usual way, where we had the second there will now be the third bell, while the second will be in the place formerly occupied by the fourth, and the fourth in the place of the third bell. From this point prick the c hanges in the usual way until the treble aga1n leads at hand (1 4 3 2) , when

214J 2 4 I 3 4231 432I 3412 3 I 4 2

1 32 4 I 3 4 2

3 I 2 <j. 32 14 2341 2431 4 2 I 3 4123 1 4 3 2

I 4 2 3

the same a lteration m ust he again made at back-stroke, 4 1 3 2

otherwise 1 3 4 2 will come over again; the bvo 4 3 1 2

342 1 hindermost bells on ly must therefore now be changed,

3 2 4 I

which gives 1 4 2 3· Once more prick the changes as 2 3 1 4 usual un til the t reble again leads at hand (I 2 4 3), 2 I 3 4 when, if the hell in second's place be not t hen kept in I 2 4 3 second's place, 1 4 2 3 w ill come over again, but if this I 2 3 4 be done we get 1 2 3 4, and we have the whole twenty-four changes that can be procluced on four bells.

Rope-Sight . ------- - --------

The rule for pricking changes in this way is to proceed according to the rules g iven for pricking the hllnting course, until the treble comes to the lead, when the hell that is in second's place at the hand-stroke of the treble's lead must also remain in second's place at the back-stroke lead, whilst the bells behi11d are interchanged."

This system is known as the " Plain Bob" method, and may be applied to any number of bells . As explained on pages 15-16, the changes on four bells are had by alternately changing s ingle and double pairs, hence tbey are in reality "Swgles and Doubles;" nevertheless, for brevity's sake, they are termed '' Singles," and in this method are known as "Bob Singles.''

How to ring Rob Singles.-Jf the four-and-twenty changes p ricked in this way be examined, it will be seen that, as there is no interruption in the usual work for the treble, it can be rung by the ordinary rules for hunting np and down . \Nhen this is the case, the work of the treble is said to be a "plair~

hunt." I do not think anything further need be said upon the work of the treble, except to remind such ringer that he will necessarily meet the bells in a different order each time he works from the front to behind and back again. The set of changes after the treble leaves the lea d, and until she again strikes the last blow tbere, is called a "treble lead," and thus the first eight changes in Bob Singles constitute the "first treble lead; " the second eight, the "second trehle lead;" <Lnd the last eight, the "third'' or "last treble lead." Of course there are as many changes in a treble lead as there are in the hunting course on the same number of bells.

• The bell that thus ''l ies •· next to the treble is said to "make suond's place ." When a bell strikes two consecutive blows in the oame place, with the exception of those at the lead or behind, it is said to "m<Ike" that place.

Changes on Four Bells. 33

As a hint to the treble ringer, let me remind him that as the bell over which he strikes when in second's place going down to lead (which bell he is said to "tum from the lend") will make second's place, he will have to begin with the same bell when he strikes in second's place going up. Of course it may be remarked that the treble man need not take the trouble to rememher this, as he can find whom to follow by looking out for the bell that strikes after him at his last blow at the lead. Of course he can, but, in ringing, a man cannot know too much of what is going on. It is a very common mistake with beginners to forget to make this second's place, and to hunt up behind instead. Now, if this mistake occur, and the treble man can tell who has done it, he can cal l him to lead again and set bim right. But if the treble man does not know who ought to have made second's place, he may wait for one of the two other bells to lead before he strikes; at the same time they will he waiting, and rightly, for him to strike, and hopeless confusion must ensue. It is the observation of little matters such as these that makes the difference bet wen a man who can ring his own bell, and j ust manage to do his own work, and one who can also help his comrades should they get into difficulties.

If the twenty-four changes be exarnined, it will be seen, when second's place is made at the treble 's full lead, that the two bells which are behind, and interchange, each ~etrace one step in their hunt ; this is called ''dodging," and the bells are said to dodge in the places in which they make these backward steps. Thus, in Bob Singles, as the dodge takes place in the third and fourth places, the bells are said to "dodge in tlzree· four "-generally written thus, 3-4.

A bell which, after lying its whol e pull behind and stepping down into third's place, has to dodge back into fourth's, is said to "dodge in 3-4 down,'' becau se she is then on the way down to lead . A bell which, on the way up, having struck only one

34 R ope-SiglJI

l1low in fourth 's place , has to dodge back into third's place, is said to ' 1 dodge in 3-4 up. "•

The three bells whi~ ha\'e their work thus disturbed are known, to dis tinguish them from tbe tr ~: ule, as "iussde be/.ls," and to do this "inside work" is of course more difficult than ir is to rin~ a bell with a plain hunting-course like the treble. Let us examine what th ese bells have to do. Take the ringer of the second bell . At the first trehle h~acl -c nd, having completed hi!> w hole pull behind, he has to doJge m J·<f down. At the next lcatl -end he dodges in 3·4 up; anrl a:t ti Le last lead -end he

he makes second 's place. This work ts generally called t he " dr,ly" of the bell. Now it will be seen tha t each of the t hree inside hells does the same work, merely beginning it at a diAen::nt point. T his, bccanse tlu.!y al l fall in to the t hree di ffere nt pos itions, in t heir turn , a t the three differenr lead -ends.

N ow , if a man can hun t his hell, it is e1· ident that , if he also know the places in which these clif'rerenl a lterati ons should be made, it will be as easy for him to make the m as it would otherwise he to hunt his bell st raigh t up and ctown. The way in which these places may be found is moreover very simple. It can readily be understofJu t hat , a s ;tl l these alterations take phce at the time th e treble hell leads, if each man knows ,.,.·hen

• Of tbese t wo bet lsn willl.eseen that thefir >t-mentJOned . havinK struck in t hird's, d odges back into fo urt h 's pli~.ce, anJ the ot her, after »triking in fourth's, dod ges ba...-k into third 's phce I~ m:~.~· seem t» beg1nner~ thaL i l would be simpler to speak of " d odgin J( in 3·4."' and ··dodg ing in 4-]."' 1<1

express these differen t posiLi,rns. I L must , ho"'&ve:-, be remembered that, unless the direction he re,ersed by plac~ o1aking. a bell is always hnuting " up " uo ul Lhe whole pull ha-. been laitl behind, a fter which she i ~ sai •l to be bun ti ng " clown ." lt l the s:J.m..- way, un til the whole pull ba~ been lecl , a. uell is saicl to be huntin~ •·down ." By usi ng the terms " dodge in 3-4 up,'' ur " ulll, " and "dodg~ in 3-4 dt>wn, " the p lace iu which the dodge occnr~. and the actua l d1 recti on in which the bell will proceed after the dodge , is expressed.

Changes on Four Bells. 35

that bell is leading, each can then make the alteration that is required of him. This can be ascertaineJ by noticing where each bell passes the treble. The position in which a bell passes the treble is counted by the places ~rough which it is passing when the treble strikes behind and in front of it ; for example, in the two changes given, where the fourth, in going 3 4 1 2

up, crosses the treble coming down, that bell is said to 3 1 4 2

pass it in 2-3, because when in second's place the treble strikes after, and when in third's place before it. •

If the changes of the first lead be examined, it will be seen that when the bell that passes the treble I

2 3 4

in 2-3 arrives in fourth's place, the treble bell has strucl< its first blow at the lead. As t he bell that is in fourth's place, when the treble leads at hand, has to dodge back into third's place at the back stroke, it is evident that any bell which, in going up, passes the treble in 2-3 will have to dodge in 3-4 up. In the same way it may be seen that any bell that turns the treble from behind will go on with its ordinary work until it strikes the

2I43 2413 4 2 3 I

4 3 2 l

34I2 3142 1324 I342

blow in third's place on the way down, when, as the treble will then have arrived at the lead, this bell will, at the next blow, dodge back into fourth's place, and then proceed in the usual hunting-course. The bell that the treble turns from the lead will, of course, have to make second's place and lead again.

• There are one or two other terms used to express the places in which each bell passes the lrel>le. One of these consists in noting only the place in which you strike over that bell, without also including the place in which it strikes over you. Thus, instead of saying •· pass the treble in 2-3." the expression ''pass the treble in third's" would be used ; this same expression is also varied thus, by saying " treble tums you into third's," or " treble puts you into third's.

l?ope-Sigltt .

th is d uty may he learnt. I ZOO

2 I 0 0

2 0 1 0

0 2 0 I

Tur n t rt>b le 1 o o 2 1

from behind 1 o o 1 2

There is ano ther way in whic h Thic; io; by knowin~ how these variations from the pl<~ in hunting pa th follow one anothe r. 1 have he re tried to sbow t his plainly hy pricking only one hell hesicies the trehle. · lf the path of the se<;ond be ll be examined , it will he seen tha t a t the firs t lead end she dod~cs in J·+ down (afte r ly ing her pull be hind), a t the next lead­end she dodges in J·+ up (he fo1 e lying her pull behind). and a t the fo llowing lead-end makes second's p lace, which brings hf'r to the place from whic h sh~~ s tarted. This way of lenrnm~ thC' duty is known ac; "the co1trle method.' · The way , howf!vCr, to thoroughly learn th is du ty is to combine the course method with a knowled~e of what you have to do by observ­ing w he re you pass the treb le. This may be learnt from the following ta ble:

0 10 2

1 o z o 1 Dodge 3-~ 1 002j clown

O l lO

0 2 I 0

2 0 0 I

2 0 0 I

Pa~s Jo 2 1 o treble in 2-3 I o 1 l o

1 o o 2 ) Do<.lge in 1 0'2 0 1 3·4 up.

0 1 02

0 0 I 2

002 1

0'20 1

Treble ourns \ 2 0 1 0

you from lead 2 1 o o

1 2 o o} Make 2nd's r 2 o o place.

D11ty of wch bell, after making lecoutl's place.

Lea<l 1.-T urn the treble from behind, and dodge in J ·q down, after lying the pull.

Lead '2 - -Pass the treble io 2 - J . and dodge in 3·4 up, before lying the pull. Lear! 3.- Treble turns you from lead. so make second's pi act:. and lead again.

r prefer drawing up suc h tables according to the work of each bell after making second's place ; they can then be used for any bell by noticing at which place it begins its work

Cha11ges 011 Four lit!/$. 37

Before tryul!j tn til t~ <111 111stde l~e l' in Ho l1 Stuglc~. e\'tr~· ringer should thoroughly know thi::. work; he shr>uiJ run throu~h it on pn.IJ~r. cros~·q uesuon hi m~tl l . aud br abl~ ro go throug h it men~a lly in the frJ ilowtng rnanm: r, witnou t having any thmg Lo ass1st him: Duty o f a bell in :t. )Jtal ll f 8o l, ~1ng les. After maki ng- c;econd 's place, J lead ag.tin anr\ hum up br,h ind . \'\"hen then.; I turn the t reble frwll hc lt llld, and,thercft~ rt:. hrlvt· to dodKc: in 3·4 down (t ha t '"·alte r ly111g th e whole pull b~:l11nd) Alter going down into thttd ';. plat:t: , :tnt! dodg-tng hM:k in to fultrth's, 1 hunt down to lead and kad <t whole pull. Jn hunting out 1 p<~ss the treble in .2 :~ . i'l lld, the rt>fl)re , dqrl~c in J·'f- up ( whiLI1 mt•n.ns that , having !'itrnck one blow in ftwrth "o.; place, I ::.ktll dodgt: back into thi rd'~ p lace), a nd t lt <:n lit' tlt t: wltr,Jc (JU II hehintl . l then hunt clown to lead, where tile t re illt: wi ll turn nlo:: fHHll it, and l s hall , therdl•re , ll l:tk!! St~<:••n<.l" :> p litC!:' . . , hi s .vill l>tll t!; the s~:cond bell to t hP- place fmn' which tt slarte tl .

In leil rnm g- t his worl\, c \·ay l.•eg i1Jner ::.houiJ .tlso cnde::.t\·our to forru a prac tical ide.- <..> f tfw ,, app.::trat!C"t' .. uf l he rnp.-,;, if r may u~e d 1t! t e l Ill, 111 Lhe c.Jiffe tent place!> 1n which he pas::.e::. Lhe t I eule. In r lu::. way itll <;:>. pet icnccc.J rt 11 f:!t: t lll) l CS l he d i tferen t ph1t.:c!> inlo wlwh he bile; by tlwr npper~rauce lather than by actual counttng, although the latter is , of course , ncccss;try for beginnt: t ~- En< l t ri nger s ltould therefnt e I ea t n, as ~oun as possible , !tow these: t.l tlfetent places are repre::.enred by the numbe r of udls that <;tnkt· brfnrr. :111d thL· nun1l>er tb.1t st n ke aftu hirn For inc;tance, wh t>n hP ec; about to turn tit~ treule from bt:hiot.l, he slrtkcs .1 blow in third 's plil<.c after two rns rde bells and the n goes u p LO founh'<; p larC', ' ' lwre ltc '>Lrikes his firs t blow hehin<.l over the treb le. A~,\in, when about to meet the tt r.hlc in 2 ·). he hac; fo llowc·d onr hdl, o vrr whtclt he strikes in seconJ·i' place, with the t reb le and another hell behi nci him: he then o;trik.-s in tlmd "s plact:, Ovl!r t ltl:' treble, nnd has only ont !:>ell left behind btm ; ancl so on .

Ropr-Si~ht.

l t will be not iced that, afte r doing the duty required at on e lead -end, t he course of the bell is a plain hunt u ntil it has aga in led and has once more pas~ed the treblt>.

Havin,:: thus explained the d u ty of a bell, I wi ll now give a few h ints w.ith regard lo ringi ng Bob Singles. To understan d the p urpose of these hints, it is necessary that each ri nger shou ld thorou~hly comprehend that he m uf. t· learn as much as possible ahm1t the m ovements of the other bells, because this k nowledge will assist him to pic k them ont when wanted. \Vhen a man has t wo he lls before. vr behind, him, it is gener­a ll y easy to see which two hel ls are in that position. but ir requires some sharpness to see which of the pair is preceding or fo llowing the ot he r . I t is therefore of great importance that , wheneve r possible, a r inger shou ld know which of the two it mu~f be. Now, if a m a n knows his cou rse met ho d thorough ly, he will know e xactly when he has to follow the treble, and so need never t rouble himself about t hat bell until he wants it: and he will then kno w tlut it must be the bell to fo llow. In ringi ng on f•)ur hells thi s k nowledge wi ll be fou nd of imme nse importance to a begin ner, as the ropes he will then have to watc h will t l1us be reduced to twcr . F o r insta nce, a t the com· men cement of the cha n g-es, the ringer o f the second s houlc\ ktww that he will tu rn the treble from behind, and thu s, previ­ous to his first hlow in fourth's place. h e need only .noti ce whether he h as the t hird or fourth bell to foll ow. \Vhen, how ­ever, he comes to s t rike his fi rst blo w in fou rth's , he knows it mu st be over t he treble. T h ink how 1mportan t tl1 is i,; to such a ringer . Th e treble is on t he r igh t hand. and the th ird ami fourth bells o n the left . Now it would always be difficu lt for h in1 to te ll whet he r it be the treble , or one of t he o the r two hel ls he has to t ake, if he en<ie.1vou r to see both lO the righ l and left hand at the sa me t ime. Tht> knowledge, however, of wh ere he m ee ts the treble will save hi m a ll th is. On going off

Clwngcs ou Fottr Bdls. 39

into changes he leads his whole pull, ami then he looks to his left hand, knowing that it must be either the third or fourth be ll. Whichever of these bells it ue he fol lows it. This puts hirn right for the next blow, as having followed one bell, it mu~t be the nlher which he has to follow next time. This brings him into third's place, <~.nd now, knowing that in t his leaJ he passes the treble in 3-4- (that is, turns the treble from behind), he turns his head to the right and strikes his first blow behind over the treble. This, even if he is not already aware of it by knowing the "course method," will remind him that he ha~ to dodge in 3·4- down. Now, having had his frrst blow behind after the treble, the next blow wil l be over one of the bells on his left h'lnrl, ancl this will be the hell he has to dodge with. If the work of a dodge be examined, it will be seen that it causes a bell to strike twice (with a blow over another bell between) after the same bell. Having founcl which of these two bells on his left he follows for his last blow behind, he after­wards steps boldly down into third's place, knowing that as the treble will then be at the lead, he must strike this blow after the ot!tu hell. He now dodges back into fourth's place, striking after the bell he is dodgint.; with, and then-he should never forget this-after dodgi11g ·in lhree-four down, he must take the t reble aud go in (i.e., ''go in" to lead). This, of course, means that any bell, after dodging back into fourth's place, will strike the following blow (in third's place) over the treble, hunting down to the lead.

Continuing my reference to the ringer of the second bell, it will be seen that after leading he does not again meet the treble until he strikes after it in third's place (passing 11 in 2-3). By the time he gets to fourth's place the treble will be at the lead, ancl thus he will have to dodge back into third's place, This he will do by pulling after the bell, other than the treble, that is helow him. This is obvious, because the treble is at

Rope-Sight

the lead, :llld it is t herefore t he bel l tha t is making second's pla ce that he mus t fn llow. Havi ng st ruck ti>i!> blow 1n third's place, h~ hun t !> up Ly again laking the hell he dodged with, and whic h he s t ruck after at t he li rs t blow in fourth's place . Havin~; thus made his first hlo w be hind , llis last blow l>ehind will be nver the lYrble ; b e then bunts down to lead by taking alter'l<~te l y one anrl then t he other of the two rernaining bell s. After lea uing- as the treble will turn hi m from t he lead-he mak es second ·~ place, a :1 t.l ~lnd~ himsel l a t the pla ce from wh ich he s tarted.

\.Vilh learners. the wors t r ingin tZ occu 1s at, or immed iate; ly fo llows, l11e fnll lead of the trebl l!. l f a m ;tn th erefore knows whicb blow, on his way dow n , he wil l strike over the trel>le, dus kn ow led~e wi ll gn.:at ly ass is t him to steady h imself and get duwn to lead withOIIL making I he con fu ~ion worse. T hus, besides k now i11 g in which place l1e wtll meet the treble i1~

go ing itf>, each rin~er shuuiJ also rememucr t hat

Aller tludgiog in 3··1 clown , he must tail< lht lrt/ol' ar;r l go in (• .~. go down) After dodgmg in ]·4 up, his bst bl o w bel li nrl "i ll he over the lr<!ble

J have e:-p lained a ll t his at gre8.t length , as my object is to show, as far a s possi ble , that in changr:-r ing ing actual CJ.Utck­ness of sigh t lll ll st be helped u ut by th 1s m ent al process of "weerling- ·· rhe L1ells o ut. Th•; treble l>e tng a bell that is never var ied tn its work, it rn :1 y a lways he ex J.lCC tcd at cenain places uy the o t her IJc lls after they ha ve done certain work, an d the ma n wh o learn, (out of the tower) w h ich these poin ts are , will, con .:;cquent ly, learn ch:wge- r ir.ging mu •:h more f!uickly th an one wh o pays no at ten tion to s uc h matte rs. The latter w ill probably be found staring- at the treble man, and wa iting for him. when he o ught t o haYe known at the previou'> b low that i;c lltot had to fo llow him .

41

QUEST I O:"S.

\ Vhat is the meaning o f the ··extent o f the chan~es " o n a a umbt'r of bells, and how is it calcnla.ted >

Give the rule for pric king changes according to the Plain J3ob method. When is a bell $aid to " make a place ," and whCill to" dodRc" 1

Explain the difference bet ween the "treble leading" and a " treble lead ." \Vhen is one bell >aid lo b" "after " o r "ovo:r" a nother' \'ilten i> one bell said to " turn another fi'Om the lead" or "from

behind"> What i~ the di t1erence between " dodging in 3-4 up " and ''dodgtng in

3-q down .. r l{epeatthc duty of a bell at the different leads in a plain course o f Bob

Singles, and also state the p laces in which it will, previous to such duty, pass the t reble.

J n hu nting dowu, a ft er the d ilferent lead -end s. in which places do the dilferent bell:; Stt ike after, or over. the treble I

CHAP. VI.-CHAt\GES ON FIVE BELLS.

WHEN two or more of the pa rty are new bands, I recom mend 'ihat the first lesson in r inging changes on five bells s hou ld be the practice of the hllnting-course. Until that can he well and truly struck it is of little advantage to attempt anything else.

In hunting up and down, the rules that have been laid down for four bells will equally rtpply to five . As, however, <:ln account of the additional rope, it will be a little more diffJ . cul t, I will here apply the explanation given by Shipway to five bells. I think it so explic it that there is no beginner who ·can fai l to de rive ben efit from reading it.

"\·Ve will again suppose the practitioner to ring the treble ; and she being on lead, he has t he four bells behind or above him ; he should then stand in such a position a s to take all the bell-ropes full in his view, t hat, on going off into d tang·es, he may see and pull after the otJe which pulled over him. He will then perceive one rope below and thrf.e above him , counting himself to he in the second's place; then, looking at th e three ropes, for the one which is pul li ng over him , n '"l t regarding the rope that he has passed, he will pull over that, counting to himself that he is in the third 's place; he will then have two ropes helow him, and there wil l remain but two w look after. He will now move into fo urth's p·ace, ove r the neare:;t of the two, leaving one on ly above him ; when pulling over. that, it being the last one, in fifth's place, he is then behind, a nd the fo ur ropes below him. ''

Changes 0 11 F 111e Bells. +3

Of course , a ll t his simply rneans that in huntin~ up you t ake the bcllthar followe l you , but 1t is wi th regard to hun ti ng <iown t hat 1 wish my readers to pay most attent ion to t his e xplanation, a s it is in hunt inl{ down that t he a ddi tiona l rope will , at fi rst, cause t hem !'oome litll e t rou ble.

"Now, whi le lying the pull behind , he should ta.kt: a Sllrvey o f the fo ur ropes, a nd let the last he pulled over pass him , a nd look a fte r the t hree l•elow, and pull nver the last of them. still remembering to count the pLuces. Being now in fourth's, he shouJd d escend again into th irJ's by letting one pass him and pull ing over the lasr of the t wo helow; then , pull ing over t he last one, am] l akin~ 1t orr the k aJ , he will then be in his own or fi rs t place. IJ e has now to lead his whole pull , and then proceed to huut up as before."

As I have endeavoured to impress on my readers t he fact t hat they cannot , in change-rin~ing, make themselves too well a cquainted IVlth anythint: that may prove of assistance to them in acquiring rope -sight, I wi ll now, to he consistent, explain another aid which may be of use. At t he same time , 1 must say that this aid should not he alto~ether relied on, as a man should endeavour to r1ng cha nges on five hells simply by look­ing for the different rope~ to fo llow; a nd I hope that th is may be the way in which my readers wi ll proceed .

ff the hu nti ng-course be examined, it w ill he seen that the bel l which a ny one bell turn s from the lead hunts up wi th one bell striking between it and the bell followi ng it up, a nd tha t t he ~ame thing occurs in hun ting down. Such bells a re said to be "coursi11g" one a nother.

Take the second bell in the hunting-course: 1t turns the treble from t he lead, and, as it h unts up behind, a bell s trikes each time between it and the treble, unt il it (the second) strikes in fourth 's place, when the treble is finishing the pull behind;

44 Rope-Sight.

at the next blow the second strikes over the treble, turns it from behind, and on the way down they are again separ<tted only by some one or other hell. f n this same way each bell "courses" some other bell.

Although I think that in a less number than seven bells a man should be able to pick our the bells he has to follow without this aid, on higher numbers the use of th e " course belL" is almost a necessity, and although 1 le;nnt to ring with­out making any use of it until ringing on seven or eight bells, still it IS a great help to some.

The mode of using the course bell as an aid to reading the ropes is this: In hunting down you keep "half-an-eye" on the course-beJJ, ano can thus, after it 1S pulleri off, see which of the other bells is following it : that bell will be the one you have to pull after. When you come into second's place, you must not forget that your course bell will then be at the lead , and you will therefore have to foll ow il when you strike into second's place.

ln hunting up, the course bell can be used in the same manner, because, when your IJe!l is pulled off, if you keep the aforesaid half-eye on the course bell , you can easily sec which bell strikes between you and it.

The reason why the course bell is of such use is from the fact, previously noticed, that it is always tolerably easy to see which two belts are nearest to you (in the way of following or preceding you, 1 mean ) ; knowing this, ami that you only strike on your course bell at certain times, you can, therefore, pick out the other bell, which you then know must he the one to follow.

Bob Doubles .--CtJ<tnges on five bells are called "Doubles," and those pricked according to the Pla in Bob method arc known as "Boh D otlbles. ·· Any one who can prick the hunting course on five bells, if he only remembers that second's place mus t be

Cluwgts 011 Five Bells. 45

mnde when the treble leads its whole pull, will have little diffi. culty in writing out the plain course of Bob Doubles.

It i::; here given, divided into treble· leads, but I recommend that it be first pricked without reference to this printed copy. If each lentner will do this, and mark the path of the treble and second bells, he wi ll be able to refe r to his own copy in the explana tion given in the followmg pages.

1 2 345 Second Lead . Third Lead. Fourth Lead. - ---

{2 1 435 {j125 4 { 51342 l 4 I 52 3 2 4 1 53 ]2!45 53 l 2 4 1 45132

{ 4 25 1 3 { 2 34!5 1]52 1 4 (543 1 2

4 52 3 I 24351 )]2541 \5342f

{ 5 43 2 1 { 4 253 I {2345 1 {35241 53 4 I 2 4 52 I 3 243 1 5 3 2 5 1 4

( 3 5 I 'f2 { 54!23 (42135 { 2 3 1 5 4 hI 52 4 5 I 4 J 2 ) 41 253 2 I 3 4 5 JIJ254 J J 5 34 2 r 1 4 52 3 (!2435 I r 3 52 4 I I 5 4 3 2 ) 142 53 ! 1234 5

There is one thing , however, which may be mentioned . \Vhen the treble leads its who le pult, the bell t urned from the lead by the treble makes second's place (as in Bob S ingles) , and the bells in 3 · 4 dodge; but, as there arc now five bells, what about the remaining bell? Since there is not another bell with which it can exchange places (that is, dodge), it remains behind. In pricking further, in the usual way, after the treble has led its whole pull , it will be seen that this extra bell has to strike in all lour blows in fifth's place, and is sa id to "l1dhe foz~'l'blows beh~ud. ·· •

• For thi~ rea~on the Plain Bob method is beller adapted for riogi ng on even numbers of bells, four, six, e1ght, &c., as in these cases there wi ll alway~ be dodgltl,:;" amongst the different fairs of bell~. As, however, my system of teaching is based upon the use of a method I hat can be used on any number of bells. wi1hont troubling the begi nner 10 learn more thao one method. I can­not here recommend learners to use an y d tfferent system, a ltho ugh one more adapted for odd nu mbers of bells ~ightsecrn Ia be advisable for such cumbers.

Hope-Stglrl.

H avin.; pricked the plain course, it is necessary to examine it well, and see what the tluty of each bell will be. To facilitate this exa111i11ation, I annex a course showing only the working of one Llcll bes itlt: the treble.

I 2 000

2 1 000

-:0 1 00

o ·z u 1 o

0 'J 'J 0 I

Turn treb le 1 ooo • I

fro mbchintl ;ooo 11

00 102

010~0

1 0200} 1 00 1 0

o 1 l on Ol i O<J

200 1 0

l OOU I

ozo.>OI

P;us treble , oo ~ t a

in J-4 1 0 U I 'l 0

0 I 00~} 100 0 ~

IJodl(e in

)·~ down

Lie four

1 o o o 2 1 blows o~f behmd

00 12 0

00 21 0

0'2001

'2000 1

20010

Pas.s treble 1oz 1 oo

tn 2·3 )o120 0

1 o o 2 o 1 Dodge in 1 02 001 3·4 up

010~0

00 1 02

0 0 01~

0 00 2 I

1)020 1

0 2 1)10

T reble turns [2 o 1 o o you from lead 2 1 o o o

rz ooo 1 M;~k .. znu·-. 1 2 o o o i place.

It will be observed lhat there is one e)(tra poin t to notice beyonrl those in Boh S ing les, t hat is, each bdl wtll, at ao inter­mediate lead , between that in which it dodges in 3·4 down and the one in which it dodges in 3 -4 up, lie fou r b lows in fifth's place; thi -> a fter passing the treble in 3-4.

The duly o f a bell in a plain course of Bob Doubles should, therefore, be drawn up in a table, when it w ill run tim~:

Vuty of each bell after making seco11d'.s plaet. Lc:ad 1.-Turn the treble from berund. and dodge in 3·4 down. Lead z · I 'A$5 the treble in j-~. and lie four blows be~ind . Lead J Pass the treble in 2·3. and dodge in 3-4 up. Lead 4 - T reble turns you from lead, so make second's place <111u lead ill(ain.

Chnr~ges on Five Bells.

[must again remind my readers of the importance of learn­ing this duty, both by noticmg where the treble is met, and also by the order in which these variation~ a t the lead·ends follow one another. Besides this, [ must once more insist o n the practical value of knowing where you pass the treble on your way down to lead. L et each learner therefore remember :

After doclging in 3·4 clown . to ta ke the treble a t once and go in . After lying the fo ur bell~ behind. to ta ke the treble a t once a nd go in . After dodging in 3·1 up, not to look for the treble until he stnkes his last

blow behind over he r.

In a plain course each of the " inside" !Je.lls falls into a different place in each tre!Jle lead, until, afte r completing all the varie ties of work, it comes back to the place from which it started, namely, rounds. As there are four inside bells in Bob Douhles, it therefore follows that at the end of the fourth lead the bells all come into their original places. Each of these four leads consists of ten changes; in the plain course there will, therefore, be forty changes. On five bells, however, 120

changes can be had. Some other means must, tht:refore, be taken to prod uce this total number of changes; this is effected !Jy making use of a "Bob," which is an alteration from the ordinary plain course work a t a treble lea<l·eod.

A Bob is pricked in th1s manner: Instead of second's place being made at the lead·end, fourth's place is made; this causes the two bells in sccor\d's and third's pla~.:es to make no deviation from plain bunting.

Take the changes in the last lead of the plain course and prick a "Bob lead.'' If the chan~es be then examined, it will be seen that the bell tha t would have dodged in 3-4 up makes fourth 's place and

J 7 5 I ~

goes down to lead; the bell that would ilave 2 1 3 4 5

dodged in 3·4 down hunts straight down to lead ; Do b {1

'2435

'.:! z 3 ~ and the bell that would ha ,:e made second's p lace hunts s traight up behind. The technical way of

exprl'ssing this work is thus: The bell that makes fourth's place is se~id to " 1m~kt a bob, '' whi le the two others are said, respecti vely to ''r1m i11 quid."' anrJ to "nm o11t quick." This latter work is sometimes spoken of thu~: The bell s that run in fJUic k or out f]uick ::tre said to "rrm thrme.E;h the bob."

The he ll that pa ssf's che treblt! in 3-4 is not altered in its work by a bob be ing called, but lies tile four blows Gehincl as usual. The work of all the bells at a bob mrty therefore be brieOy su mmed up thu s: One bell lies lhe four blo w-; behind as usual, one bell make:; fou rth" ~ . anu the t wo others mn th rough the hob.

It is, of course, of the r{reatcsl importance, immedialcly a bob is called, that each rin~er s hould Le able to ren1em ber if it will cause an al1erat10n in l11 >. work, a:1.-l what that alteration will be. The following table should, therefore, he we ll studi ed ant! committed to memo ry.

; 1 bob alters tlu w01·k of lht bells tlms;

The bt:llthat woulcl have made secnnd's place runs out quick. The bell that would have dodged m 3-4 down run~ in quick. The bell that wou lo~ ha,•c J ..,dged io 3-4 up makes four Jh 's place. and then

goes dt)wn to lead _

Every beginner should a lso learn what a lteration a bob causes in his work at the following lead, supposi ng it to be a plai ll lead, that is , a lead wi thout a bob being ca lled. F or instance, the bells that ran in , and out, will, at the next lt~ad, dn th e work they were prevented from do in g- hy the bob be ing called; while the be ll that makes fourth's place will lie the four blows behind.

Th e pract ical point s to be observed at a bob-lead are !hat the bell tht~l makes fourth's place will (after making thr~t place) take I he trtblt (ll!d go in, ami tbe bell t hr~t runs s tra ight in wi ll turn the treble from the lead_ Although tbe hell that is lying tbe four

C luw:;es on F rvf lJflls. 49

blo w<; hehi nu is no t ;dtt' rcrl in its \vnrk , it should he tcnternbcred tha t, uwing to fourth' s place l tt'ing made, it wi ll have to st rike twu .-onsccutivt! blvws uvn oue bell.

If, as in t lw fo ll owin~, a hob hf' cal led a t the end of the plaiu cour-;e, it will be seen t hat 1 h G It-ad-end heconlt' r; r 4 z 3 5· lhnt 1 and.) ore in the same p:.:1ces ::r.s i r ro unds, anr.l that we have 4 '2 J, Jn !'.tea,! tJi '2 3 4- J F we 1 iug- another course, althoug h 1 and 5 will [,Q in the same positions. the positiun s of 2 J 4- will he again altered. Tllu ~, by callint~ a hob at the end of each foun h lead, the t:xtcnt cetn lle prl.ldur:-cd. This is l<nown as the exten t with th to ".fifth thr. nlmrv,lliOI I /~e{/," which mt-ans th at the bobs are called e~u.:h time the Ci fl h o:CJJ llf·S ~n t o ::he positir.lll in which she i.; :-tt " luma,'· t ha t 1s, in her ow n piau.:, a.t ti n~ lt'arl ­end, whic h is, uf course. the lcad-t:nd at which sb e li r:~s th e: fonr hluws l;chind . Any nL her hell. hflwc,·er , may l.1e u:;t'd ;ts the o hservatton l1ell, prov ided th a t a bol• hr~ cal led every time the s cleucd bell lie~> the: fn ur hl0w~ heltind.

T lw time t(J ,·rrll '' l3 nh .. is (as prin ted) when l he tu·hiP is striking :'ler L•.H k-'ll~) k;~ lrlo \\· in <;t:('Ont.l's place, ;1~ th i'i gives t i11 1ely warnin~ ro rhost- hells v:h osc work will lw a ttere<l hy a hob, that the L•nb work is In he: done ins le<LU of t b r.: jJh in lead work.

t\ s, by lht" time the.· pla in course lra s J,ee n mastered, the rnen will have becnllle ao:<: ll r. tomcd to mcr; l certain bc·ll~ in cer lai:l places, and wi II knrrw I he bells to fo;lo'v from memory ra t her tlt<t n hy looki11g fo r rhclll , 11 is a gv11d th111;::, w h L:Il prarti;ing the b()b ''''Jr {.; ancl gc,in~ fo r the 120, tu u .l l the b()L1 a l the ftrst lc;, d c~ ll d, when tht· cond uctor, 1f n"t tm~i~~~ t he observation bell, whir h wou ld then lle the fourth, can call the ~ uccc<'rhng

holt;, by nhse rv in g w lll!n the fourt h j.., aga in behind , 0 1 by . ;ts will :<t first he found muc h ea •;iN , cu un li ng tb c- sub!-.Cf]uc nt leads and <';} l hn~ •·l lO I) ' at ev ery fo~trt l • l<:::t.cl. If, how~v~r . he wil l t<lke l hc t roubl e lO rr!ck the peal 111 full lo r by the lead-e nds,

50 120 Bob Doubles.

I 2 -L±_S 2 I 4 J 5 4 r 3 2 5 J I 2 4 5 2 4 I 5 3 4 3 I 52 J 2 J 54 4 2 5 I J J 4 5 I 2 2)5' 4 4 52 J r J 5 4 2 I 25J4! 54 J ~ I 53 2 4 I 52 1 3 l

53 4 I 2 52 J I 4 54 2 l 3 3 5 I 4 2 2 5 l 3 4 1 5 I 2 3 3 l 5 2 4 2 I 5 4 J 4 I 5 J 2

l 3 "l 5 4 l 2 4 5 3 I 4 3 52 r J 5 2 4 ~_,?_:1_3 :....'1..5~ 3 l 2 5 4 2 2 4 5 J 4 l 3 5 2

3 2 I 4 5 "l 4 l 3 5 4 .J I 2 5 2 J 4 I 5 4 2 J I 5 3 4 2 I 5 2 4 3 5 I 4 3 2 5 I 3 2 4 5 I 4 2 53 r 3 4 5 2 I 2 3 54 I 4 52 T 3 3 54 I 2 2 5 .P 4 54 I 2 J 53 I 4 2 52 l 3 4 5 l 4 3 2 5 I J 2 4 5 : 2 4 3 I 5 3 4 2 I 52 J 4 l 5 4 2 3 .:.1...4 3 ~ ~-~-4 _:5243 5 I 3 4 2 5 I 2 3 4 5 I 4 1 3 5 J l 2 4 52 I 4 J 5 4 ! 3 ~ 3 5 < r 4 2 54 : J 4 5 J I 2 J 2 5 4 l Z-1 53 I 4 J 5 2 1

2 J 4 .'i l 4 2 J 5 l 3 ~ 1 j I 2 4 3 I 5 4 3 2 : 5 3 2 4 I 5 4 2 l 3 5 J 4 I 2 5 2 3 r 4 5 4 l 2 53 ) I 4 52 2 1 3 54. l 4 52 3 l 3 54 2 I 2 5 J 4 1 4 2 5 J 1 ) 4 5 2 ~ 2_3 5 _·f 4 I 52 3 3 I 54 2 "l I 5 3 4 4 5 I 3 2 J s r 2 4 2 5 I 4 J 54 3 l 2 5 J 2 I 1 52 4 J 3 5 3 4 2 l 52 3 4 ! 54 2 3 I 3 5 2.1 I "l 54 3 I 4 5 J 2 I

J 2 5 1 't 1 4 5 I J 4 J 5 ! 2 2 .1 l 5 ·I ~ 2 I 5 J 3 ~ t 52

Dob 2 1 J 4 5 0 11h ·f I z J 5 Bob 3 I 4 2 5 1 2 1 J .'i r 4 3 " .S I 3 2 4 5 I 1 2 3.) I J 'l 2 5 1 2 3 4 5

Cllll:t( t 5 em Frz•t TJdiL

a " cxpla111cd 111 t hl: full ,)willg c haptct , in wh idt sew·ral peals• Me ;.:avcn). he can ascert.1in wh;u p05ilions his be ll wi ll fa ll 111 10 :it the bol1s :111J call t hen• at. CtKlltn~ l y

T here arc ce rt :tin names g in .: n to t he posi t ions into w hic h a l>cll f;d lc; ;~l J i frerL'IJt lc; td ·~.;nd s wh e 11 <t bol t is ca lled , Rnd with these a condu t tor ~houiJ mak e h imsel f acquainted . T ile he lls that run 111 . and rnat, .::tl ' ' ho b ;~ re, a e~pedi \(; l y, sairl w be •·mfld 111' ' an,J " err/led o•:t ." The bel l th a t ma kes Lhe bu!J is said to l 1e '' <' tliltd tv rwrk,: forn·ths," and the one th at l ie~ the tw o whole p u ll ~ behinJ it. s t Jtl lO be " tallrd belnud."

Qu esnO!<S.

E •ph 111 w h~ n a br!~ l ;, "cou,·si n!; ·· :m ollw r. n:~ct 1 he mcar. i n.~ <•f a "tOI II~e b.-11,"

H ow c;~.n )'nu m.1ke u~e <'I !he co ur<;e .be ll in hunu ng up and clown ' R··~..al the ~ut }' u ( a bell J.t r!:!e ..! r rte~cnt kad-e n. ls in .'1 plao'1 eour .c

o f lloh Duu blcs . :1nd a bo s tat(! I be iJlacc-- 111 "htch it will, p ro\'to u' to such du ty , pas' t he t rcule.

In h 11 ntm~o: down alt~ r the <.l iffe ret~ t lcad ·enrl ~. 111 which places tio tlto clt [crcn t 1'>1-lli ' 'r' lL' ;~.Iter t!'le : ~culc ;

J-l oJ"' IS a bob m;,dc in Bo b b a u bles, :111d what :dce ra.lio r. dues 11 c a 11sc

i n tin· w''' k r,f ilJe ..ti!Tcr~nl bell • ; Describe I he '"' rk that eac h be ll w1 ll uo a t Jb~ lead -end folluw1ng :1.

boh suppo'-' "'R •I to I.e a plaor. l('a d .

• T he t ~rn1 " e .~ te n I ' 1 ~ n u w ll!'CJ fo r li ve and $tX bells, hence m the two lvllo wlnl( chapt~:s t he worrl " pt:al " mus t be tak en to impl y the t" tent. E n

CHAP. V l L- Ot\ PI~ !CK ll\ C~ TOUCHES M\ I)

PEALS BY THE LEAD-E\DS.

ALTHOUGH it is necessary fo r every rin~er to he :thle to pr ick changes only when ever y c h<tnge is wri tlen down , there a re various ways hy which touches or pe;;ls \.:l.n he pricked in which every change is not set down . [f each learner will take the trouble to understand this, he w ill ftnd lhat- altht)ug-h it has not hing tn clo with the prac tical work of ringing c ha nges-he wi ll be bctler able to understand what the conductor calls in th e tower, and to finu uut the exact posi tions in wh ich the bells Ollght to have been at any place, sl1m ild a mi sta ke have occurred in the ringing. Even when writing· out each c ha.nge, this l<nowlcdge will he of g reat use, as it will enable the learner to check over his work at dilferent poin ts.

It c an eas ily he understood that, in composing touclJCs on any number of bells above four, if each change had to be written out, the process wo uld he very tedious; nnd that, when a man was once acquainted wi th thE' m~:: t hod , it wou ld not he o f any practical henef1 t to him. Various means have, there­fore, been adopted by whic h touches anti peals can be rri ckecl without writing out every c hange. The mode I shall now explain i!; that of "pr£cliing by the tcad-mds.'' On fou r bells it will be seen that at the end of the tirst treble lead the positions of the bells have been altered from 1 2 3 + to 1 3 + 2. lt is, therefore, evident that if a nother t :eJ,)e lead he p ric ked, in wbich the bells an: changed according to rhc same rules, the bails wi ll again be a ltered 111 a similar way. An example wil l. p erhaps , explain my meaning: \V rite dow n r 2 3 4 and draw

On Pricki11g Torte/us and Peals by tht Lead-wds. 53

a line underneath to show that this, the position of rounds, is that from which t he changes are to start. Under th is .:_: 3 4

write down the first treble !carl -end of Bob Singles, r J 4 2

which must be obtained by pncking the lead in full; this lead­end is 1 3 4 2. Now it 1vill be seen thilt the second bell has moved from its original position in second's place mto fou rth's place, that the third has come into second's place, and the fourth into third's place. N ow it is evident that if another lead be pricked, in which the changes are produced exactly in the same way, the samtl c:ause that took the second bell into fourth's will now move the third !Jell into fourth\ place, and so on witb the other bells. If the altera tions between the positions of the bells in rounds and at the fi rst treble lead-end be exan1ined, it will be seen that, to obtain the next Jead·end, the hells in third's and fourth's places must he moved into second's and third's, and the bell in second's into fourth's place.

As, in pricking Lly the lead-ends, the treble will always be at the lead, it is unnecessary to write it down each t ime. It must, however, be remembered that the first of the bells pricked will therefore be the bell in second's place at the lead-end.

The way I commence to prick cha nges by the lead-ends is by taking the first lead-end and writing it down below rounds. I then say to myself" 3 4 2"; now when I say "3" I look at the bell in third's place and write it down in second's place to z J 4

make the next lead-end; in this case I therefore move the 3 4 2

fourth into second 's place. I then say "4," and look al 4 z 3

the bell in fourth's place (th e second) and move it in to z 3 4 thi rd's place, and then, saying "2," move the bell (the third) mto lourth's place. In this way the second lead-end 4 2 3 is found, and if the bells from that lead-end are again transposed in the same way {that is, Lhc same way the llrst lead-end diffe rs from rounds) the third lead-end 2 .3 4 will be the result.

54

J>rickiug Bob /)Mri!Lrs by the /.tad tnds.-Tah· I he f'1rst lead­end in Rt.> b Douhle<> (3 52 4), tlwn L~ke the hell~ in third's , lifth' ~ , scco11d's, and fnurth's pbrcs from this 2 3 4 ~

leaci-cnd, anJ write them down in second's, :lnrc.l '~ ,

fourth' s, ;-~nd fifrh 's pl:t._·cs in the 11ext l ine and you will have the second leaJ -enrJ, aod in t his way alltbc lea<i -end m::~y b e prnrln<.: t-d. The fourrh Jea .i -t>ntl thus obtained will he rounds, and these le;~d-ends are !hose o f the pl t~ ill course.

54 3 2

4 2 5 J

2 3 4 5

J n wfitinJ.; out all rhe <.:hangeg o t :1 plain rnmo;e, I hi~ mode' o f pric.k1ng the lead-cnrJo; independt'ut ly is very uc;cful. .I t e nah les ti S to test our work as Jl :zoe<, on, a1'd prevents a misu-t ke he1ng co ntinued heyond !he I£:1J in wh1t:h it occu~s.

:'\ s solln a s the firs t )e;td i ~ pricked in flll l we can usc· t h:t t lead­end for the produc t1011 •>f all the other leau-emls, without wr i tin~ out any furthc 1 lead s iu fu ll. If. howe\'er , we wan t the otllt'r changes wriuen oul in l ull. we can set~ a" we ~o a lo ng whe the r each lead -e m] is t l1e ~an1c as the t:clrrt"sponding o ne prnduceJ by pri t l<i n~ the 1 .-ad-tnJ~ unly.

\\' hen a bob is callt:rl, a d11Teren1 le;td -t nd will hf' ptud11cerl. t is , thl·rdore, neceo;o;ary to pricl< a lc:u l from rounds tnding

with a boil, in order th:t l the\ ('ff~c t 0 11 the position~ o f the bells may he uh~ervcd . In Bull Doubles, a hoh / rom rn·. tr.dc; , i .t., at tht f1 r s1 !ead ·t nd, l•nn1;~ 'l -~ 5 +- The f<) llnw1ng a rt, there­fore. the 1 wu wa ys in wh1ch the fi rst lt•:ui may he prnrluct>d, c:ither wi th a · •p!a·ill lt tld," Dr a ··bob le:1d."

l u se the term "bob lead '' to expreo;s a J ~at.l with a bob at the end of it, ir. d1s1im·riun to a '' plo~in lead," wh1ch is , ot course, the ordinary one.

Table for prir.ki11g Roh fJoublts by the lead-wds.

'2 3 4 5

Plain lead J 5 2 -1

2 J 4 5

Rolb lead l l 5 ~

Ou Prickmg Touches tmd Peals by the Lead-end. 55

The following are different peals of Bob Doubles, each being produceu by calling three bobs when some one bell, a di fferent om~ in each peal, is lying the four blows behind. The m:nk (-)before a lead-end signifies that a bob is made at that lead-end. T he fourth, second, third, and fifth bells are, respectively , the observation bells in these peals, and they are in t 11eir own p!<tces at the different part ends. These positions, when the observation bells are in their own places, are known as "par/-euds." It will be seen that at the end of the first four leads, in each peal, the observation bel l is in its own place, and the three other bells have in terchanged their positions. \Nhen three bohs have been catted with one and the same bell "behind," the three other bells will have interchanged so that they wil l all he in the tr own positions again, and therefore rounds will be then, or eventually, produced. The first part of each peal, showing where the firs t call is made, is given; before three calls can be made this part wi ll have to be "twice repeated," as stated under the figures.

120 120 120 !20.

2 3 4 5 2 J 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 .'i

-2 3 54 3 5 2 4 3 5 2 4 J52.f

J 4 2 .5 -3542 54 3 2 5 •I 3 2

4 53 2 52 3 4 -54 'lJ 4 2 53 52 4 3 'l 4 53 4 3 52 - ~ 2 3 5

Each to be twice repe<~.tcd.

QUESTJO:-<S.

Explain the meaning of ·'pricking by the lead-ends. " Why is the treble omitted when pricking hy the lead -ends? What is meant by a "part-t:nd" '

• The same as that printed in full on page 50.

CHAP. ·VII I.-CHANCES ON Sl\ BELLS

CIIA '>C~s nlll.L; <m s 1x bells arC! called .. M tll •?r."' The Plain Hc.1b nl l'tl •nrl on '>i:-. l1clls i<; th~rdnrc k:wwn as "h'Qb tlfi,Jor." J( iloh Doubles has heen thO!OlliZ h ly mastered , t he r:-. tra 10;1e in ;VJinor '.ltould make lirtle Jifferenc e. l, th c:-n .:fnce, hopt· that, after a few a:teanpt s, lll)' readers will l•e <tble to at curnp:,sh t iH! hunting co ur-.e un six bel b. \\'it h r t·~·•r al tr> ! ht· ,tri~on~. the princ:ir;~ l dillictd:y will be that each be ll, whe11 Jcaci 1n t.: t hl:' whole pul l. wi il now h<lve tu lc:ad. at the oppo"<i te l'n r.l. n~f lh <> la~t bell uf the pn:-\·iou.:, ch.1n~e. as there wdl now he no tenor co\·ering. Thi<. be ll is not very easily -..cen; h1 1t 1f cac;h ri nP,"er, when leaJing, will pull Ill'> hdl s:<·;Ld ol}'. that is . with the pro;per a111 0 Unt of ''' t:i~hc on, he wall hear ,~h c· ll tet tt ::><J111 1d s at the ri~ht tinH:!, and \~ill t hus S•JOn ar•tu ire the puwcr o l t.li::.ce a nin~

t b~· bdl rhat he~ has t C> lead oiL l t rnuq, however, h<> r enh:! lll·

hered thai d atlerent he lls wt! l L.e ht: hlll , l w hen he lc01ds at tit.;

h.u•d ant.! bad( :=. t roke~.

T he ordinary rule tha : the [Jp)l the tre•J ie turn!> from ihc k;ld ~hal l make ;;econd's place, and the other l>cll,; dod g-e, will en01.ble the plain course of Hob M in~n to he pricked. :\l!hmJgb this cour .:.e is hereafte r given, each lear:'lCJ ,;hcHdd :~lso pri t k it wi thout, if possible, referring to th is pra nteu uJursc· .

The whole sy~te 1 n of Pbir1 P. nh r in~ in;.; is so <; Imrie that

hope my readers wi ll bal'{· noticed thd t P.ach hell atlJed Jo 11H.: n urnbcr upon whic h the c hange~ have heen rung, only add .:; a nother lead, at which thcr•: is fu t ther cJuty , I n the work in 01.

Chauges on Six Bttls. 57 --- - - --~- ----

plain course. In other words, the mles for Bob D oubles will now have only to be slightly extended to comprise the duty of the different bells in Bob lV[inor. For instance: The rule that each bell the treble turns from the lead will make second's place and lead again, and also the rule that thi s bel l will, in the next lead, turn the treble from behind and then dodge in 3-4 down , applies to Plain Bob on any number of bells from four upwards. Again, the ru le th<lt any bell on passing the treble in 2-3 will dodge in 3-4 up is also applicable to Plain Bob on all numbers o( bells. On each additional number of bells, certain leads only, with correspondiug add·itior1al duty, are inserted between the two leads in which a ringer dodges in J-4-down and up. Thus the only difference between the duty in Boh Singles and in Bob Doubles, is the addition of a lead in which each hell lies fou r hlows Llehind, between the two leads in which a ringer dodges in 3-4 down and up. In the following plain course of Bob :VIinor, it will i>c seen that two additional leads are introduced between the two leads in which a ringer dodges in 3-4 down and up. At the ftrst of these leads he dodges in 5 6 after lying his whole pull behind, and at the second lead he dodges in s-6 before lying his pull behind. If the systcrn be extended to seven bells an intermediate lead between the two dodges in 5-G (in Minor) will be introduced, and at this lead a ringer will lie his four blows behind. On eight bells, two more leads than in Minor are introduced . At the first of these a ringer dodges in 7-8 after lying his pull behind, and at the second in 7 8 before lying his pull behind. If a beginner wdl only thoroughly understand all this, he will sec that, after Bob Singles ant! ·Doubles arc m<LStered, he wdl have acquired such a knowledge of the Plain Bob system that he can go on to Minor and thence to Triples and :\1ajor (as changes on seven and eigh t bells are respecti vely cal led) by merely exlewJing the duty fit:ot leaiiil for Uub Singles <tllU

Bob Doubles.

Z I •I j L j

'l 4 I G .l 5 -~ ~{ilj j

-i j l ~ j .I j

(, ·i 5..! j c

fi)4JZT

5 (j 3 ·!1 2

5Jtl l4 2

J510!4 J l ) 2 6 4

I j ~ 5 •1 6

1 ' 5 l" 4 J I 2 5 4 (I J214j6

2J41(1j

243 C• tj

42 0J5 1

~ 6253 1 6 -\ j 1 I _l

flj 4 1 2 j

j f• l43 2

.5 I 6 J 4 2

1 j \ 6 ., ~ I 5 6 l 4 ~

51 jt1 4 5 .l I 2 6 4 ] j 2 I 4 (;I

jJj4 1 6

2 J 4 ) (I I

2 4 J li 5 I

•I :? IJ J I 5 ·I I t 1 1 j j

., 4 l l 5 .1 li I ~ 5 2 J I li 5 4 J 2

"''4~2J G I s-:JJl (. j I J 4 2

sGJ1!4 5 j (, 1 I •I

J 5 l ,; • I

J 2 5 •I (, I

2 j 4 ; I lj

z 4 1 1 5 r, 4 113'>S ·I I ~ f t l 5

I ·I h ~ ) J I 1 l (j .1 ~ 4 I li l :; j

4 I• I .5 ' j

r .. , 'i, 3 2

(,~ ~ Jll

~f•J 4 2 1

5 3 lo 2 4 I

1516 14 j 2 5 I (., 4 2J i j46

l1J4S '' I l •I _I r) 5 r ' z 3 4 5 t1

T he following- dia~ram ~how!. the work of each bell an Do)h ':'v'hn()r ;ifter makin){ secnnd's ·place; 11 \\'Ill l>e set' n rh .. t (as previously !:'xplained). afrcr uudgin~ in 3·4 dtJ wn, a nn~er will. at t he nc:-l 'c:lJ -cnrl, durig-c in .)·O t~jla lying hie; whnl <' pull hehinrl. and. a t the following- leau-cnd. dod~e in s-6 hrfurr lying !tis pull; then in 3· + up. and then nmkc <.~·conrl's pl;lcc.

(;/ul/lges <"t Six !Jells .

110000

l Q I 0 0 0

020100

00":!0 {()

(Ct.•!l (nwrJ.)

0 J 0 l) I Q

l'as• treble c. •' ~ 1 •J o in J·~ . o o 1 ~ no

0 T c'J CJ 2 0

000201

To1n rrehle loo oo21 from hehinc\ o o o o 1 ;'

T<'l0002f

r oo o 2 of 010002

OUO l OZ 00 10 0:.!

001020 0001 ~0

OJfllOO OOUJ. l O

1 o 1 o o o 1 Ood~e r:·. o o 1 o o 1

i on ' o o i J · ~ down o ~ u o o 1

0 I 2 0 0 0 '2 0 0 ( J ·r 0

O:LiOOn 'lOOJOn

~ o •.t I 1.> o l-'<ts~ t relJir 1 o 2 1 o o o 2 l) 0 u J 0

U 2 (l 1,1 (.1 I

001001

I ll .!·j In I 1 n ' ' a 1 no, o o I l o :t oo a(

Pass 1 reLIt> • o o o 2 1 o 0 I I).! tJ U

in 4-5 I 0 0 II t l 0

o o r 0 \1 2

01000~

1 00020\ Oodge in 1 0 0 0 0 :t 1 5-f1 tkwn 010010

001100

(101100

0 200 1 0

o o ' ., l n ooo I 0 2

00001 2

uooo? I

o o o:o r O OlOI u 0 10100

Tu:-r.t-d h orn 11 0 l U 0 0 I 2 I u ,, ('I()

59

Undge in 5 ·6 up

J lou~e in

Y ·1 up

.lOOOOl 1 2 o o u o1 m~.~e 1nc1 ·,. ::.O OOU J I 2 U (I 0 0 ) pttll ' ..

Duty of eacll btl/ nj(tr mnki11r; !lComf' s plttCI'.

Le.1d 1 -Tu rn the tre b le from hchind, a n•l dodge 1n ,\ ' 4 down . Le:td 2.-Pass the tr eble 1n 4·5. and d(){lj!e '") -C.. rl r.wn Aiter lyin11. tLc pu:J . l ..f'Ml 3 - Pa.<os the tr~IJie In J·4 . a 01d rlorlgf- •n 5-o Llfl. Bcl1)rc ly i n~; lh ~ pu ll 1."-'\rl •1 - Pa>s the 1 rc:i.>l~ 1n 1-3. and dodgt in 3--1 up Le:trl 5·- Trehle turns yo u (rnm lead. so make second" place ami lead a~ain.

Go Rope-Sight.

A B ob is made exactly in the same way a s in Boh Doubles, that is, by founh's place being made instead of second's place, -t he bells in front running in and out (juick. The table, gwen for Boh Doubles ( pa~e +8), shull'ing the alteration!:i causeJ in the work of the bells hy the Lalli ng of a boll is, tiH:refore, equally applicable to U oll [\'I in or, or indeed to }'lain BoiJ on any number of bells. A buh docs not alter any of t he bells behind fourth's place; tb~ work, therefore, of th e bells in .s-6 at a bob is not Interfered wit h . As r~commended in Uo l} Doubles, the work Jom: at t he next lcad, if a plai11 one, by the hells that are altered hy a hoh shou ld he examined. J l ere, as in 1'-iob Doubles, the hr.:lls that run in or uut lj_l.ll(.; k at a bob dn, resperti,•e ly , at the ne>.t le<~d, the work th ;cl Lhey were pre­vented f1om doing by the !JoiJ l>e1ng made. The l1ell that rn;.1kc:s the [,obis t!Jeu and tllCI'C th!'0\1"11 111t0 tile position of' lhC bell that ·would have doJged m 3-4- down, and at the next lead , whether a p lain or hob-l c<Lcl, will , thcrdore, dodge in s-6, after lying lfw pull behind.

ln u~ing the "course LK·ll •· for hunting up and down, Ll

will he seen that the work of c<tch hell, except when the treble interven es, is principally comJcct ed with Lwo other bells. Out' of thest: p recedes yrm, the other follows you. The one you luro from the lead, the o t her turns you. The one you turn from l>eh ind, the other turns yoll. The one you dodge with be hind going up, the l>ther you JoJg-e with behind cotning down. :\cconling to the wnrk you do, a l•o l> 111ay a lter this as far as one or o ther, or both, of these hells are concernt:d. In using the course bell each ringer 111ust, therefore, r;areful ly ohsen·e, at a l•ob, whether any a lteralion has l>e~n r:aused in the [)ells in connection with which he has heen working.

\,Yhen the ord inary work at plain a nd bob-leads in B nh Minor has be.;n tho ruughly learn t <tnd practi'>ed, anot her ca ll wi ll ha,·c to be mas tered hefore a 720 can be obtained. This

Cluwgrs vn S ix Btlls.

call is tcnned a ·· Swr;ft ,'' and is ~C• named l•t c all 5t:', in stead c,f c ha n~=;111g, a p:1ir of uells lu s:Jtf. J\ "~i ng le .. itt lh <' e11d uf the las t k ,1d of the pl ;:, in coarsr. is .1n nc:-.cd . ::

It wi ll ut• seen I hat t hf: bell-. in ~co:Jd · ~. t hi nl"<; a nJ fu urt h 's placr.s I it• s l ill, o r in oth e r words, make t ho:oe places. Thus, the hell which the treble turn <;

from th E': lead work<; in Lhc same wny as :11 :tl1 nrdin:a ry lead ; th E' uell !bat wuuld have dndgerl in .3·4 up mnl<es fourth' :-; pltt\'C, :•s ;1!

<t [,ul.J·k.J.d. One hell. howev<::r, has wnrl< ~nlirt:ly clilfcrenl from any thing yet rles1. ribed; th i'> ts the he ll that turns t he tre hiP t'rom

5 3 G ~ ·I I

J 5 ~ r, t ~

J l 5 I J) 4 2 3 p .. r)

2!) 4 5 6

! I l •I j (j 5 S l n~lc: I z ~ 3 56

l 1 ~ •I 6 5 ~ .l t G 4 5

bcl:i n.J , ,lfiJ W(ii!Jt[ h:'IVe und~ecJ ill )·+ d O\V Il , 3 2 fo I 54

'J'ht ~ hdl1tttt/;n third's pfa,:r . a nd lht>n hunts ~f· z.'i 1 4

fJ/' helaintl. Tht' bel ls in j·l' a re nut in any (; 3 5 2 4

1

w:1y affected hy a Single. The \\'OJ k o£ the dilfc renl bells may be tahula;ed :hu ~:

Tlu /July of tlu !Jtfls 11t r1 Siu::fe.

The hel l the tr,.,hle turn> from the lcaci mak ~~ <e,·ond's pl:tc~ . :tnd l~ads again , as ala plain k:::td

The hell that would ha \'c rhigcd in i -! up ::1:tkc> follrtb ' s p:ac~e, a nd then ;.:ue> clown to lead, a s at a hc>l>

T he bell that tur ns !he lrehle fr nm hch i ~od , aaJ wuukt have riod ge<l in J· 1 down, makes thini's place, and then hunl s ~p bc.h;nd .

\Vith regard to !It~ d11 ty n t' th!'se hello.; at tht leaJ following- a single, suppos ing it to he a plnin -leatl, the hells makinf:i second 's and fourth 's place will , 1espective ly, do the wmk (!, \lowing a pl.lin :tnd :t uob-lead. Th e bell tha t mak c:s tlt e third 's place a t

• Tht: reason a 720 of Bon :'\l inor cn.nnnt be got wilhout us iug Sing les is fut h · explainetl in rhe Chapt!!r~ on I hi! " In and Otll·u f-Course of the C han (iC>," in !:'art l. of " / I Trmlrst 011 T •·:l•l• Do& •·

Rope-Sight.

the single will--a fter striking his last blow beh ind o ver the treble -at the next lead be turned from the lead hy the tn:l>lc, and will' therefore, malce second 's rtac.e.

The ringers of t he bt: ll s which tuake the third 's and fourth's places at a single s ho uld remember thilt tnese plac.es are mane over bells "lying still, .. as it is cal led. Bo th the hand and bac k­s troke blows in third's and fou rth's places ctt a s ingle have, therefore, to be st ruck ov!Y the some bdl.

I ha\'e now explained al l that it is 11eccssary to lwow con­cerning the duty o f the l·oells in a plain course o( Hob Minor, and at the leaJs when Bobs o r Single~ are called. A few hints with regard to th.;o way in which 1 should recommend a band l)f le;uners to proceed whet: endcavr>uring to make themsdves competent ring~rs on th is number of hells m ay, howe\·er, he of interest .

After accompli~hing the p lrlin cnur:-.~:, it s hould t loc n be rung several t1me~ over wi thout <:olllin.~ into rou nds, heyond, of course, the odd l>ack-strol<e tow, w that each ring-er shall thoroughly untlerst:<u<l huw the different leads follow o ne another. A:-~y idea that the duty r:ommences or terminates at any particular point will thus L(: ~:;ot rid of. After thi!>, the "fourh" (as any length in l\linor that does no t run to 7'20 changes is called) of l8o changes (!>age 64) :-.hould he atteou pteJ. As this to uch has only a hoh at the end o f eac h tive leads, the greatest length with the fewes t calls i:-. o btained. After this is accomplished, hy call ing- a sin~le ins tead of the third hob, and 1'tpc,rtin.t.; t he ~:l.nte call ing in the second hal£ of the touch (sec p age 65), the three courses may be extended to s ix, and 31!0 c hanges run.!!' wi th only six t:alls. I recommend that all the s hort touches with a great number of calls should then be r ung. In this way the who!<- banJ wJII be made thoroughly a cquaintt:J with a ll th e positions in to w hich they c<~n fa ll at B oh o r Single· leads, and they w ill thus then soon be able to accomplis h a 720.

011 (<mdudlllf{ B~b Mi11or.-On nny number of Ld ls tbe boiJs are called, as cxplotineJ in the c hapter on IJo b O o uhles, when the treble strikes in second's place pn· vion ~ly to leading. lf t he conduclor will, therefore, notice th e different places he will occupy at th e lead-ends when the cal ls have to be made, in any of the fol lowing touches, and will also con,.ider which place he wi ll have reached when the treble has arrived tn second's place (and the call is then to tJ ,~ made), he will be able to make the calb ;1t t l1e prupcr time.

The le;ld-ends of Hob Min or may be pricked i n a simila r way to that P.xplai n<~J for Hob D ouble:,. The requisite scale!', as given be low, may he found by pr ic king the f1rst lead, from rou1Hls , either plain, or \~ ith a bub, or with a single.

S cafts for pri::l1iug Bob i'vliJi~r by t/u lcnd-fl11fs.

2 ~ •I 5 1•

Pi:lin lead J 5 l 6 4 Bob lead 2 J .'i 6 4

:! 3 ~ 56

Single le:!d 3 2 5 u •1

Touc/us of Bob !vh1101' by tlre ltad-tlids.

To a ssist the conJuctor in his exam illation of the followin~ touches. eac h lead-end is given. The prcf1 x , ,_., ~ign ifie::; that the leaJ .cnd is proJuced by a B0h, a n,J "~ " by a Single.

J6 7'2 72 72

2 j 4 5 li ~3450 ! j ·I j I) .:! j 4 .56

-2)5('4 -2356+ 3 5 2 (j 1 532504 2 3 l ' 4 5 - 2 J 645 -35G ~ z S -z 3 G ·I 5 1 J •I 5 (• s ~24 56 5 4 3? 6 S3245t.i

-J250 ~ 4 l .'i 6 j S235 6t -.P 1~45 --jZ(ljj 5)264.1 s 2 J •[ J 1J ~j ~ j(> S 2 345f>

-:j\6-J -Zl('~)

j 1 ~ :\to 1 ~ ~ () :!

j 4 ,, ~ 5 ·~ .! ~ ., (,

- ~ ] ~ t. 1

- ~ "f'J' H 5 D

}00

l !2_li -~ J ~6 4

l (, ] 4 j

6~j~:Z ~ ~ ,, I J ) .! c j (.1

-~ •• 1• 5 ·I } (\ ~ ~ 3 5 4 \(1)!

i 54 l 6 - j s , c4 ~ (, J ·I 2

I• ·I 5} J 4 ! ,, .l j

- 41 Jj6

~5 4 6 J

5 IJ ' -~ ·I , , 3 5 4 1

.H (> 2 5 } _-l z _56 :t s J 6 •.!

56 4 ~ 3 (U53•! J J I\ ·I 5 ~ .)·I 5 f•

/?rf t-Srght .

1 :!0

~ 3 I ~ (,

j :i 1 r, ·I .5 b .t -1 .,

(i .l .~ I l

4 ' ~- j ~ S ~ ·I j 5 It

"· 5 -· ,·, J ~ G ·t J z '-' .1 5 l .:

} z 6 4.)

s~ 3 4 5'·

I -1 .i (,

I ~ 1• 4

3 I I : ~ .~ (,., .i ... z ·I 5 1• 2 .1

- 45 ' .1 (, - -t;i~Z

> 6 ~ I I ,, : 5 j 4

z J l> 4 ~ ~j :4 51)

- j J ~ ,, ~

'-" .1 •1 5 r, ·I ~ 5 ~

·I 5 (, .l 2

- ·I j J l (,

-~ 5 "' .. J ~ (j _I 5 ~ 4

J ~ "4 5 5 ' 3 4 ; (,

12 0

l j 4 ; -=·

l J ~~ () ~ ~ ()2 4 5

(o •l J 5 l

4 -~ " 2 j

• 4 '1.1_0 4 ~ 3 , :

5 (, 4 ] -'

( o ] 5 J 4

l 3 (, 4 ~ l 3 4 5 I)

1 j 4 j (\

- 2 J 5 G ·I 2 j () 4 5 .l 4 ~ 5 G ~(;- ,

- J 4 (J ;: 5 -i ~ i 'j ~'i

~ 5 fJ .l - ·1 :! cj J ~) $?4 }5(,

- q')F.j - 2. 4 r'i I 5

4:u 5"' - .; j 't) ~

- -1 .> r, ~ 5 l2~t;(~

- J :! 5 ' · ; · ,\z(, l ~

S!J4:1 P

I .5 : I; 4 - l 5 (, •1 2

.5 -l .l~ 4 J :> ( J J

- I l !\ J 5

s ..:...U. l!> ·I j : (\ J

-•s'•J2 )j~Z(o

,I ' ~ f • 4

~ d > 4 j

Sl_H)IJ

1 ~ (1

:! 3 4 5 F •

J5! 6 ~ 5° H ~ u 4 i :! 3 •I l 6 J 5

4 ~ 3 ~-6 'i 4 6 J

1 Q ~ J 4 (o J 5 4 2

.14 () z s - l I 2 ~ ij

•I S .i (o Z 5U·J:! l r, ! 5 J 4

z .l (, 4 5 - l _q .56

Chrwges 0 11 Six Bell$.

2 3 4 56

35264 56 3 4 2

64523 4 2 6 3 5

-42 356 ;5 .;63 56234 635 4 2 34 6 ?.5

-) 4 256 4s 3 6 2

56423 6 2 53 4 2)0 4 .5

5)2qj6

2 5 3 6 4 56243 64.5 3 2 4 3 6 2 5

- 4) 256 3 .~4 6 i 56324 6 2 54 3 2 ,, 6 3 5

-243.56 4s263 56 4 3 2

6 3 52 4 3 2 6 4 5

52)4.56

By calling n. Sing le at the last lead, or by subs tituting a Single for a Bob, any touch of B ob Minor produced with hobs only can he doubled in length, or" repeated," as it is ca.l lec.l: the position of the necessary seconc! s ingle in t he repeated ha li of the touch must correspond with that of the previous single in the first half. For insta nce, the touch <A 144 is only the second one of 72, repeated by calling S ing-les ( 1) midway and (2) at the end ; and so wit h several of the other touches. The 300 can thus be made into 6oo changes.

In rnost touches, and in ne~nly a ll peals, t here is a bell known as the "obsuvnfiou'' hell. This is a bell, generally the tenor, which perf01 ms certa in regula r worJ<, and is not al tered in its work hy any of the calls, or, if altererl, is only a ltered regula rly at certain interva ls. For instance, in t he touches of I8o and 36o changes, the tenor is the observation hell. As it is behind whenever .1 call is made, its work is never a ltered from t ha t which it would have to do were the plain cour5e repeated for the same number of times. vV hen a bell is thus

66 Hope-Sight .

undi~turbed in ils work and CO I11 t!S back i.nto it:. nwn po!>ition at e \'ery fifth lead. this koRd is called IIH· •-, ·o~tf SI.'-m.l . " f1 1 t ire forego in r~ toudn:s the di visions of the cnur,.,es :u.: Jr l:uked hy line~ drawn undcn wat h t he fl r;u rcs. l.n the toud rcs o f 72 changes, aiiU in :;everal of the ntli l'l to ltrl ~t·~ . t ir e 'i i\ th, by mal(ln~ the hob at ce rtain of t he c all ~ . c o iiiC:'<> inl u it:; o wn place nl ever y lhi n.l leaJ -end . Th ese divi<.inn" arr-: 1-.ometirne:- srmken of a..," slro l'i " or " fh rct -lr:Jd c·v lii St>. ' '

\ ·\' hen t he tenn r i~ d ocig J :l ~ ill s-'J CUW II, a fte r ! yi n~;; lht pu ll behind , sh e st rikl!S iutu six t!-1 ', !Jlar.r~ w l rt' l l rlr c l nd ,lc leads a t l>acl, -stroh!, and ;s lbt; n snid l•) l•e dudg mg " at luwu•· or "rr~ld." \Vhl'll ,;he dod~e, in 5 J > up. s he s lr i"'-"' in idth 's pi.t(e a t t!Ho

L>ac k-stroke , anrl is tlrl:'n ~;ri <i tl) ),c d<.H I~ 11 1 :.: •· '"'' ' :'~ " ·rhe terms, dou.g iog "11{! /d " a n.I " ,.,,~'~' ''~ , · • .u t t h ~~~ trso:J. rc~ p<.c l i \ely, to expres<> dodging in 5- 6 do wn a nd 11)1. \•\" htn all)' he ll IS tO

l)e "CII!ied right" or "m/.l,·d \'/' f Oil;; " il l'lt;.l lb th:tl a call i-. to l re rnade when that be ll is d•xlgi11 g in 5 f. duwn or up, respec t ively. Ins tead of using t he term • · n~r;llf' ' wilh reg <1 rd tu thL" tow•·, it is usual to say "h<•u:~.·· as, whc.·n dr,dg i" h ' ' n 'r;ht,'' shc s trikes in her own place at bac l< -stroke.

f n the: ilrs t touch uf 1 20 , t l tc tc nu t· is ~aid to he c;J I led ''twice home wi t h n sinl{ fe." ln tht' 18n s he i<: r nllcJ "three tim es lw rnc": a hull being- urH.lr:r;; toou, wh(' ll :1 :.irrgle is to he used it i:; spec :al!y nam(:d. f n the seco nd l cruclr c,f 110 ~.hc is calkrl "o:1ce wrong anJ once rig lrt, repeatecl ,' ' llta l ic , after she has bt>.en ca: led once \\ t on~ a nd once ri g ht , t bc> ~amc c<dh n ~ hn.s to be repeated. \ Vhen till! c;;ll ing is 11.: p e .tll'J, t!Je k ad-cnd from which 1h e: repetit i0n o f the calling t.\lllltn<'n<:es , as <·:-.plair.ed in the pr!:'vious c hapter , is C<l fiP.J :t "fMI-cml." i\1 th e [>arl-en ri ~ the ohse rvat!o n hell ne{.C!>~a rd y b lls m to liH; place wltich it occupies in 1 ourt tb . l n t he lvuc h nf 2 4 0 <h e :eunr is sa id to be called ' ' onr·e wron(..: and "nee I rom e, l hree !!IlleS n•peatrrl. with a si ngle ins tead of <~ L>u l> at thr.. second a n~ f·.>:1rth

Cluutges 0 11 Six lJtlls .

p<!rt-ends." In suc.h a case as the 2 4 0. the calling is sometimes explained in ancther way, thus : "Celli a Dab every time the observation bell" (in this case the te nor) "dodges be hind, wit h a single ins tead of a bob when the fifth is wit l1 her." This means that a s ingle has to l>e cal led w hen the fi lth and s ixth dodge together in 5·6. One bell is s.<id to be "witluwother" when, as in this case, they dodge together in the same places. Tn this exarnplc one hell 1s, of course, dodging in 5-6 up and the other in 5-6 down. In cert::~in cases, as wi ll be shewn fllrther on, the same te rms are used to explain when a call has to he omitted.

T ouches on the same pr·i nciple as a ny of the foregoing can be pricked with the observa tion bell var ied to suit the conveni­ence of Lhe conductor. F or instanc.~ . if a hob is called whenever any one l>el l dodges rig ht, or whenever it dodges w rong (I do not mean both right and wrong ). a touch with three hohs, on the very same plan as the Ji~o. will be produced. If l>ol>s are called whenever ;my one be ll ts rig ht , a nd also whenever it is wrong, a touch on the rrinciple of tht second 120 wi ll he had. In these cases the bell used as the observation will be in its own place at each course-end , that is, a t every fifth lead­end. As a cond uctor can eas ily ma ke himself arC]uainted with these mat ters by pricking out different varia tions of these touc hes, 1 shall now pruceed to peals of 720 changes.

Jn reals of this length there would be sixty lcild-ends to give, if e very one were p1 ic ked. Another mocie of representing them is therefore adopted ; it is known as "Pricki11g by the bob cflnnff&S," which means that

120

only the lead-ends a t which cal ls are made arc _2_~-~ given. l n such cases the number of leacls at which the l>ob cha nges a re apart is generally given at the right -hand s ide of the column. For ins tance, the second touch of 120 (page 64) would be pricked as here shown.

2 35 6 1, •I 52 3 (j 4 4 536 2t 2J ·1564

68 Rofc-Sigltl.

By prt> paring ~ table s howing the alteration made by a hob at eac h of the lt·ad-end s of the plain r.0urse , t •..uches and p ea.ls can he pricked , when the n u mbe1· o f tre ble leads hy which the hob c hanges a re parted frun1 one auother is known.

Suc h a table is g iven l>clow. and on the right o f Lht! bou c h<mges 1 ha ve, f0r the sake c,f conve!licn r.e. ~:,; i\'en the techn1cal

terms currespondi n!{ to t he pli1.ces oct uptcJ by t he tenor at eac h of the cJirferc nt lead-cml s.

,\ bnb the ftr>l lead lo(ive~ 2 3 5 f1 ~ (\Vre>n ;:: ~ " second !!'ad ,, ] j r, -l ~ rrour: ;-,·~ )

1hir<l lead .. j 6 4 ! 3 (Out) , 1 fo unh lead .. 6 4 2 1 5 1,ln)

ftfthlcaJ .. 4 2J5G (l{tg bt or H o meJ

Befort· 1 protecd to gi\' t.: fJf!a ls by the !Job L·hanges I will further 1:'.\.p!ai<J my remarks (p:tge 66) 011 the obsc t vat ions by which pea ls may he called. Ref~1Ting- tu the second touc h of 1 20 ( p:lge (>+). t he observatio n to call tlt i~ touc h is "a ho], C\ cry tillk the s1 ~ I h dodges heh1nrl "; if to t his obs..· r v<J !10 :1 we

adcJ, •·c :-. c.e r t the firth he wirh her.'' tht hnhs at the leaJ-ends,

when the hrtli and sixth dodge rogether in 5-6, will bt: omitted, aw1 the tou t. h will run to 3(10 r hnng;es . J.f a s ing le l>e c allt!d

at a>~f' l e:.~d in the~e 3lin chan~es , !hat is , a t any lead in the first ha lf-p,.. a l, anJ .tno tit ct <.ingl~ at t he :;,am c ]Jiit ce in the secund half peal, the 720 changes will be rroduceu. As, how­eve r, th t: o l>;cct of a s ingle is o nl y to reverse:' the pos ll ton of two be ll s_ it will be a s well to d:oose suc.1 a lead-end i;1 the

f1rst ha lf-pt.:a l for ca llin ~ the s ing-It:: that th•.' observa tion bells will not be altered by it; or else, altboll ~h the bous would s till requi1 e to l)e c alle, l a t the same lca·J-•~nJs i n the second

Cltnugts 0 11 S1x Ddls.

hal f-peal, the oh~crvat1on hells woulcJ bP. changerl. It 1S, there· fore, atlvisable to call t he single at one of the lead·ends, when the hfth rtnd s1xth arc behind. Thc<;e singles are usually called a t the half·pe~l cntls, as shown in the followi ng changes, which g ive the fi rst half of the peal.

720

l J 4 56 (Coutiuu•d ) (Contiuu&d.)

- 2)504 - 3 4 562 - 4 2j6 J

)6'245 4 6 3 2 5 2 6 4 3 5 6 ~ )52 6 2 4 5 J 6 3 2 5 4 4 56 2 3 2 j6) 4 3 56 4 2

- 4 .5236 - 25]46 -)54~6

. 453'62 -2- 5 4 6 3 -352 0 ~

56 4 z J s 6 2 3 4 j 6 3 <I '2

6 2 s J 4 6 3 54 2 6 4 s 2 J 2 J 6 4 5 3 ., (, 2 5 4 2 6 J s 3 4 2 56 4 2 3 s 1\ S2.1356

In the fi rst of the followi:-~g peals, which is merely the one g iven above by the h;ad-ends r.ow t;i\'Cil by the hob changes, the s ix th is the observation bell, and a bob has to be called

72()

2 3 •1 S 6 I

2356 4 4 1 523 6 1

~53.~ s 3~jl'l2 4 25) 4 61 '2 51 6 J ~s 3.5426 4 3526~ I

S24.350 4

720

2 3 4 56 --4 6i2)j 1

64352 4 2)6 4 ~5 6 '2 3 'i 5 1

6 2 4 53 3 4 625 4

63 4 25 5

6]25 4 l

4 26Jj4

s ~ 'i .3 56 l

Each to be repeated.

720

2 3 ~ 56 - -1

5)2.)64 5 S3526 4

4 - 4 2356

1 Sz;s6J 52546) s -] 4 256 4

S:j)5(); 1

S 4 53 6 2 5

S3< 4 s6 4

every tinH.: ::.be doJge~ be hind wi Llinu t fht lifth: when sh~ is with 1 he fifth a t eac h l:a lf peal-end a sin~lc has, ltowf'Vl' r tc' be calkd.

The sewnd peal i-, on t he ::.:c111e plan a::. t h(: fll ":>t, but the ftith is th!: ub::.ervaltt\11 hell , nod ha~ to l)(' crtllcu wlwn belt inJ wtthout the Stll.th. T his l;nter peal is wltat is callt'd the "rweru''

of the lir~L one. T ltis mea 1 1~ th:tl if t he: nurnher of 'c.cds the dtff••rent bul• chan~es nre apatl in the h e c: t peal be rt>:H! in inverted urdc r, these num!Jcn; will l>c found l!) ltf' tlw c,arne as the numl>cr!'i tl:e htolc ~ <•rt: apa t t in the ::wc·ontl peat. •

T he third of th t: foreguing p£:al ... , whidt i.; fro tH t he nolt'· Lcook of 11enpmtn Annahl..:, wdl be c;een w he a Y,llt:ttion uf the prcvinu~ pcltls pmduceu Icy sc dtsti t lltin~ single::. fur bob·; iu c..crt.ti n places.

Th ere is a notht•: mode ot f cxpressin~ the ,~.1y tn ' d cich tlcc t wo first peals are called. For ins t:occc , 111 t he first peal , the tcw;r is ~.t i el to he t.:allcJ '' wrnm(, ri~;!lt, wron~,'' or a.; it u~ny bt: written. \\'.R.\V . In th ~: '>eco:ld pPal tht- hfth ,.,, allcJ "n~jh l ,

wrong, rig ht ,' ' t ha t is, lL\:V. IL ,\ny hdl maybc<;c•lc·ctcJ a!> t he o l>servilt io n bell and c dted \V.I<.\V ., nr R.\•\' . L{.: t hc s i ngl~::s

s ltould Ll•cn be ~.:a lleu ell her <1t tht: half·pe<~ J .e:-~cls~tr at one of thr. boh le-'lds, as may !Jc founJ mo~t ronvl·nwnt , m t h s la[[er case the sing I.: is 5aid to he ";uu lftlllt(ll " for the bob. \\ 1\ct• a ~mg It" is thus c::uhstitur~J for a bo l>, the numht·r of ca ll<., In t::ao...h hal f. peal, will be rcduceJ to nit~e. I! a beginner w1slws to c.d t a peal on thic:: pnnciplc. I -.hould rt:cumnu::ncl hcm t•J prack the lcacl-end!> nf tht: ii r~t half-pen), according to tbe ltc ll he rin~'- ur wishes to call by. 01 11 d fonn his nwn upin iun upon th~ best pi<ICt: for r<~ ll i ng

t hl! ~tugle . There ts, howe\'CI, one pn111t in calling such peals to whidt J wuuiJ tlraw attent io:1. -tS ctt!. c)) sumt con~crJiteru.:e ~o f::cr

• ,-\ goud deal or tot lormat ion ccmcerninp; the cpanner i oo "hidt i'~"'' 111ay he rt",f'!r~l!:d. &l.., wilt he (ounc..l in rhc chaptt!r o n "ThP. cranspo~ttion

oi p~.,l~." en".~ 7 1lillts! Oil Tr~!·le Duf, •· Po~lf J. (S~e r.ole, p~l(e Gc.)

ChtlltfZes 011 Six B ells.

as the music of the IJCa] is concerncrl. It is always desirable to have the ''teunrs," as the fifth and sixth- the two heaviest bells ·-- are t;allecl, to strike 56 at hack str·ol<e when they" come togtllrer luhiud.' ' The '65s. will then fall <tt hand-stroke. \Vhen the tenors are coursing one another they ilre said to be "tog direr;" it is t ben that they stnke, as it is callet.l, ''together behind. " V\lhen the (ifth i~ cnmsing after the sixth they strike 5 6 at b;:~ck-stroke, and are then said to he "tngetlur tlze right way;" when th e ~ixth is coursing after the ftfrh the '6 ss- come at back-strol<e; they are th en said to be "together the wrong way.· · In ca lling peals on the pt·inciple of those under con­sideration it is imtnaterial, when the seconJ is the ollservation bel l, whether you call \V.R.W . or R.\V.R.., as in either case the tenors come together the right way. In calling IJy the third bell the pe<'tl most be called \V .K\V . and by the fourth f{.\.Y.TI . In calling by the (iftlt, and s ixth, as will be seen in the l\\'O peals al rcat.ly given, they mu;,t respectively be called R.W.H. and VV.R .\V.

720

~ 3 4 56 4

64235-2 6135 J

42035 5 . I

42356_ J4256J

S2(>345 4

j26455 324)6

1

720

2 3 ·I 56 ---5 42 )56, 42503 5 4263 5

254GJ 5

25634 1

025]4 5

S6lJ4 5

S43256 3

Each to be repeated .

720

~ 3 4 56

2)564 1

2 :I 6 4 5 G2345 5

30~ 45 5

52J64 1 35264 5

42)56 4

S43256 5

Th e three foregoing pe;tls each ~.:on t ain fourteen bobs and two singles, and are a ll very si111ilar in their mode of composi­t ion . In each of these peals I be tenors always come together

7"2 Rope-Sight.

Lh e rig ht way behinu. Several o ther p(:als have been com­posed on th e same plan, but a s in tllese otner >~xamples the tenors do not always com e up the rig h t wny he.h ind, I ha,-e not rl wug-ht il ncressary to reprod uce them hen::. The two first of t he foregui ng peals are fro m Annable:',; note- boo I< , wherein it is rccn n:lcrl th<!. l the fi rst was " 1-irs r rung at Cri pplegate, 1740.'' anJ the secund. " Fir~t rung at H essc n, 1741.' ' T he observa­t ion bdl in the lirs t pea l is t be fifth, but in the second peal eve ry bell (e:-.:ccpt, of course . the trehle) at one timt: or ano ther makes a bob. The third pea l is taken from t he Clrw1:s Cllm­pmralvgi,l, a hook 0 11 ringing, pu blished in 1 7~8.

720 77.0 7'20

:~ 3 4 5 () 2J~S(• 2 j 4 5 () 2 4 J 5 '> --- I I --- ·I ~

S3zs6~ S32.564 2 s~ G~35

J 5163~

S (> Z~j J S62 453 5(i4J5l 5

45 J2 f> T

S523 4 61

S3s~61 3 56.H52 4 3 52(• 5

S 2; -163 S ·I 2 l ~ h 4

!:; 3 (j 3 2 4 J p 6 5 ~ Sl 4 5&J S

. I SJ 5 (124 5 J z 4 () 5 :> Sl ~) 6J 2

56435~~ ~04]52 ~ SjJL461 lJG5-J I.

Sj4iJ (I s ., 5 j t· 4 . Sj'lJ ~ G 5 -zG J~-l 5

S45J I'i" I SJ 4 15~ 4 S'Zj4UJ I 6 2 5 ·1 3

I

S435b1 5 - · - ] S1 {j 6J 5

65243 5 s.1 1 5 62? S6 _P5 4

2 S63~54 - 54'2635 s 6 4 3 l

I

S5 .~42tJ 2 s ~ 526 .1 3 S-z 4 3.56 2J456)

Sjj26-j I I ~ -1 J 56) 4 First half. L'tst h:~.l f.

Sq35 04 ftcpcat~J .

Re peated.

The firs t of the peals Riven :thove is from Annable's note­book, and is a v:-tri.ltion o f the onP from the same source, g 1ven

on page 6g (the [ ;~st of the three), Hrr<~nged by call ing si ngles at t he th irJ and fifth leads i11 each pan and omitting the boh when 56 are at home. Srngles ha ve to he ca lled a t the half-pea l- ends,

ChMtgrs nu St.r 8rlls.

which lH ing-; th~ totalnurn bPr u~ed to 26. The second peal, from the CILJt.ts , is on a somewh:\l similar plan, but, as singles occur when 56 come hom e, the .,jn~le!> ar the half-pe.•l-ends have to be om itted, whi~,.h Jcc.l uces the numb er to 22. The 1.1'>1

leau-enu of the half-pea l is , thercfr>r!'. a plain lcacl, ancl is g t\'en (in brackets) belo w the other leads I•J show the postt ion uf the bells a t t his p0111t. The third peal, '' hich also '•mtains 22

sin~Jes, is hy W. Sh tfHvay, anJ f1rs t appean~d in h1s A .t uf Rmgmg in t 8 q . This ~ea l is composed in ten parts, fi ve tn each haif, the calli nf:; being reve rsed 10 the c;econcl ha lf ; in tb1s. peal, ltowcv<.>r, the tenur~ do not alw:~ys come up tltc righ t way behind.

720 720 7':!.0

2 J 1 s r, 2 J I 5 f.i 2 3 4 s (, I I

- JJ 5f'1 5 2j!)f· ~ J 2]j6~1

SZSJ"~ 5 I>~ 5 ~ J I JD45l -j1)6 ~5 6o;?j,) 'i21jU J

35'16 ~ J - r

S3<;2lq 4

j?jb.j 2

-11]5 0 .! 56 4 J I 2 (• 1 j 5 Tw1ce repeated 42bJs 3 J .5 .. 1 li 3

4 2 3 .5 (J I ) !) l II ·1 I

71.0 56 3 4 2 3 (o 41J~j I - I

7J4~li 564 23 6 •1 J .5 z --- 1 4 'i 6 2 3 .5 q .5 ~ J (> l

SjZ ,5 1.>45 5 236 ~ 2 45J(• 2 1

· !jj~b45 2 (1 1\.)2 .l 4 5 l•. l 5 SszJiq

5 6Jj i22 3~'·15 r - ),SZU4

S4)2,Sfo 2 •1 1 5''3

1

- 42],564

Hepca.ted 4 20J5 I s 4 3 2 .5 (j .5 Sz 4 356 1

-2 4 J5'}s Repeated . R!!(Xated.

The lirst of the foregoing p"'als i!' a three· pan pea l, taken from the CI!Jms, with 9 l>obs a ad 6 smg-le ~. T he second is tt~kcn ft om H ubbard's Art of Rwgrng, and contains only 8 !Jobs

74 /( ope- Sight .

and (j singles, the lea...;t poo,sihle narnbcr ol cnJ Js fu r a pt-a l in t his met hod . The third pt':tl i~ the comp•):,i ti un nf M r. J. F. Penning, of Saffron \'Vaiden, and C<mtains 2 ') Go bs and 2 sinf:les. The fuunh peal is from J\nnaul e'<> note·l)ouk, and co nta!tl!i _30

bohs anrl 2 single:,.

- "lJ56~ - 2 3 6 ~ 5

J -l 2 56 - .H 56 z

4 6 J ~ .;

-4G15J -4U5_1Z

6 J ·1 ~ 5 - (, .l ~ 5 4

3 ;, fl -l 2

- .I 5 •I 2 6 - (, l J 4 5 -3s·zo4 -o ·~~j .l

56J 4 ~ z:,G34 -j b.l ~J Z )j16

0 25 3 4 ~.p6J Repeal ed.

- _) ~l> j ~

- S4j~ 1•

4 ' 5 (, I - .; l ;, 3 j

- -1 ~ J ) ,,

2 54,., J 56 l J 4 6 J ~ ~ ~

J 4 (, :. 5 s 4 J:. 5 ()

The auov..: p•;;-d , which is also frurn J\nnat->le'!:. OIJ\e-bool<, i.s gwen uy the lead -ends ; it containc; ]2 bobs and 2 sin~les .

[See also thl; peal at the end of this chapte r. -Ed .J

Al thuugh, with a fewcxccpti uns , the pea ls previously given have, in snme shaf)C or ot her, ap):lca red in l>oo]( s puh li ~ h erl on ring ing, the originals of •nost of them ;{ ~e Lo he found in Annable' s note-lrouk, whFre.in rhcy were mnst. pro!Jauly entet ed between the years L735 to 17+5· f r.annut , l10wcver, ~uppu~e that a ll of t hem were compr,sed by .'\un<tblc, thoug-h lt sccm o;; ve ry prohahle tha t most of t hem we:re hi s wo1 k.

It is ::tt any time ver y oifficu lt to find out whu was the firs t composer of any part icular 720: and many s uc h peitb arc constantly being re-compO!:.i!d by persons wlw llitvc never Sel·:n

I he orig inal peal s . This is , no doubt , 1 he case with the fed lowing- peal {;Ontaining .p sing le:; , which I lust recctved from ~l r. N. J . Pitstow, o f Saffron \Valcien, who, .dthou~ h he h.1d com!Josed it. did not wish to claim it ;:~ san ori ;; inal rom position . I have no d oubt that cbis peal was rlrSt co mposed nlany ye;trs

ago, and is m ostantly being ff·p roduceu.

Changes &~l Six Bells. 75

The first of the next peals contains 2 I bobs and I 2 si ogles. I n the second peal a single is substituted for the bob at tbe sixteenth lead in each part of the first peal and an additional single called at each part-end: this makes the peal contain

]20 720 720 720

2 3 4 s 6 2 3 4 56 2 3 4 56 2 J 4 56 -~-

-2)564 -2 JS64 S32564 S32564 36245 )0245 2 6 3 4 5 2 6 3 4 5

S63 452 563452 562453 562453 35024 3 56 2 4 2 56 3 4 Sz6534

-~5 246 -35246 Ss2346 S62345 -354(>2 -35462 S25463 Sz6453

56 3 2 4 56 3 2 4 56 2 3 4 6 52 3 4 565243 S65243 S65342 53 6 4 2

54 6 3 2 54 6 3 2 54 6 2 3 535426 -54326 -54326 S45236 s 5 3264 - 5-4 2 6 3 -542 6 3 s 543 6z S3s6 4 z

4 6 53 2 4 6 53 2 4 6 52 3 553426 S64325 564 325 564235 535264

4 2 6 53 4 2 6 5 3 '1 3 6 52 563 4 2 - 4 25.36 -425J6 534526 6 4 5 2 3 -42365 s 2 43'"G5 -34265 4 ~ 6 3 5

2 6 4 53 4 6 2 53 4 6 3 52 S24356 S62534 S64532 564523 S42563

2 J 6 4 5 4 J 6 2 5 4 2 6 J 5 S21635 3 4 2 56 S34256 -42 356 S42356

Each to be twice repeated .

r8 bobs and 18 singles. The third peal has calls at the same leads as in the second peal, but in this case singles arc more freely substituted for the bobs. ln this peal there are 30 singles and 6 bobs. In each of these peals the positions of the s ixth bell are the same a t eac h lead -end, and the positions of the fifth bell are almost identical in each peal. These three examples thus

Ropt-Sigllt.

show the W:lY in which a peal can he varied by the in troduct ion or sub~ t it-u t ion of ca ll s. In each peal the sixth be ll, when behind, dQdgcs al t he wronR and then at the ritZht, in t11rn, witb the other hells; Lhc teno rs are titus brought up the" wrong way,' once in each part. The first of these peals is the composition of Mr. F . Pitstow, while the secon d and third were composed L•y !VIr. :--J. J. Pitstow. The last of the foregoing peab con­ta ms 4-2 si ogles.

I ~kdl conclutle my remarks on six hells by giving a few orif{inz,l peal s from a rncmg~ t those that have been composed d1Jrin~ tl1 e la'>t two or three years by :\olr. J. F . Penning, of SaA.rnn \\o'a ldell.

TlD 2 J 4 _; (, ----

SJ-z.'il\4 Sz6.15J so 53 q2 S51236 -462 3 5 - 2~ 5G3 s~J645 s (J 7 5 ) 4 s 5 rj ~lJ S45JG2 -46352 - 2~6J5 S3·q_;6 s~ISJ45 S6s~3 4 s 5 4 6 z3 0 5 ~ 2 3 4 J 2 5 6 S2 3 564 S6Z45 J s 5 o3 42 S45!36 52 6 J 4 S H 56 z j(·~45 l 56 3 4 6 4 j 2 J 53 4 6 2 - 51) 4 6 s ·1 j e.! 5

- sri4sz -Z5;!46 - 642)5 S3562 4 -jZ463 5 J~i .56 - _16 524 -'254 0 3 -64L'i' Ss3l4G z 6 5 .H S435G~

6'2345 562)4 4 56 2 J S354D2 (> j2~5 SJ.11•l5 s 53 11z 4 - 6J 4~ ?. ·I < J 56 S352~6 -635 2 4 - ·I ~ 5 (j 3

54 3 6 'Z 3~(1 15 - ·\ 2 6 .l 5 4 6 5 ·z 3 24}56 2 3 4 ) 0

Although the foregoin~ 720 by Mr. Penning- cnmmenr.cs with three division s called alike, it Ca.Jl!Wt be divided i:1tn equal parts. This peal con tai ns forty-two calls, viz.: 26 o;i ng lcs and 16 bo bs. The next of these peals contains .H hohs anrl Io

s ingles , two more bobs and two more calls than had ever bt:!('ll

previously obtain ed in a peal of Bob Minor.

Cha11ges 011 Six Bells. 77 ---- -- - - - ·

720 2 3 4 56

-23564 -42503 -26543 -54623 -654 23 S32645 S2 4 635 0 42J5 S15236 - 65234 -)2456 -24356 - 6 4 )52 -15)62 53642 -3256 4 -24563 4 56 2 3 56 4 7. 3 -53426 52)645 16235 52 •! 3 6 - 5 6234 -5)261

3 4 2 56 -4(>)52 -52)64 6 3 54 2 S3564z -34562 -46523 -52643 -63425 -35 426 S436zs 6 2 4 3 5 S25436 -6J'Z54 - 35264 -4 .P5G -li 2J54 - 25364 S36542 56 3 1 2 -4350 2 -6 2543 - 25 643 -J6•f25 6 ·! 52 3 S34625 Sz6435 54 2 3 6 -)6254 4 2 6 3 5

42356 - 20 35 4 -54362 65342 2 3 4 56

The following peal contains 35 bobs and 6 singles, the greatest number of bobs yet introduced into a 720 in this method.

- 23564 3 6 2 4 5 6 4 3 5 2

-6 45 23 -64235 S46352

562534 2)645 34256 ·I 53 6 2

-45023 -452)6

-46523 -4() 2J5

6 3 4 52 -6)52 4 -6)245 S36452

5 3 4 6 2

-sJ624 -53246 -34 562

) 4 6 2 5 42)56

720

-36524 56234 52634 623 4 5 -5634 2 -52346

-62453 -564'23 -52463 2 5631 S6 5234 26534 -25)~6 -65) 4'2 -26345 -25 4 G3 -65 423 -2 645 3

(Con!i>uud.) - --------­-42563 35 462 43562 - 42635 -35024 -43625 S24356 -3 524 6 32456 -24563 54]02 - 32564 -2 ~03 5 - 516 23 -J26 45

4]256 -5 42 ) 6 523456

In the following peal Mr. Penning has introduced 28 bobs and 18 singles, making a ltogether 46 ca lls, which is the greatest number of calls ever obtained in such a pea l; the greatest m11nber of calls previously introduced' being 42.

78 Rop(·SigM.

2 J·15G 720 ---

-Z j j(> 4 s 5 .1 5 3 z Stl z3 4s S3~H16 s ~ (> ~ 5 J s.H•sfr - 23 ii 4 5 S ·1 3 2 r> - 6~ 4jj -jjl6 4 - 4 (• 53~ - 3 45 ftz s 3 2 4 .'i, -5 " 2 (, J - (i 1 5 J •I - J 5 ~· 4 ~ - 4 I• 3 2 5 - 3 ~ ,, t 5

-3 256~ S ·I 5 6 J 2 ~2bJ<t5 ss J ·1 d• Sb4"5 J 5 13 "156 - 32G4 .~ - 4 53 26 - 2 6 •15 3 - 5 J l ft 4 6 4 53~ - ·I J 56 z

? 4 j :; I) S 'L 1 GJ 6 5 2 3 ~ J ci ~ ·I 2 1 3 6 z 5 3 6 4 z s •I ,; 2 (, 3 z [o 5 J 4 53 (j 4 L (" 1] 25

(Cmo lwrwl. j S6J ~ 5 4 Ss6•PJ 5<5 34() -240J5 -6 ]j -J 2 -j 62J4 - "1 5 I r, J ~J"lj j()

-fJ).I25 -563 42 - 2 5 (, .l ·I f 2j (>J

S j 625 4 S65423 S.szJ~6 -.p () 3 5 Gs3 ·P s 2 6 3 4 2 ~ 56 J !J.;.s6

Th~ ftJl!uwing peal cont:t ins .p s ingit-::;, tht: S<LrT:<.: ntHrlUt.:r

a s in the three-part pea l p rcvions ly given: this peal is composer! in o ne p~rt , bu t has the Ja:;t n \'C divi.;io nS cal led ;'t\nl o~t a likt~ .

a ntl emb \\'it h t he live lead .e:nd<> o f the plain course.

5)256 4 S21f>45 S124:)6

S-:!J5f'4 S]z6 45

1.1)56 S 4 'L.SG3

Sq6 35 4 3 'l50

S .H :;6 ~ s.~ 1c, 25 s 3 4 2 5 t,

s 4 J .. (j l

S j ~6Zj

·I ~ J 5 (j

s 2.; 5 I) j

720

SC..;352 S 4& 5 23 s !1 -) 2 J 5 5 ·I G 3 5 ~

S 2 5 J ·I li S 5 2 ·I 6 J Szj6J 4 S .5~3 46 S ~ 5 ·I,; ..1

.)62 J oj

(j J 5 .; l

--------- --- (Conlu11u d.) ----------5)6 42 5 S.l .'i2J6 S z 63 4 5 S o;~u s 6 J 2 5 q s 5 4 3 I) z s 6 2 4 5 J s 5 J ~ '• ·1 S 3 f, 5 4 z S 1 5 r, • 3 S 1 & 5 J 4 S J 5 r. ·1 ~ S6 34Z5 S5 4lj iJ 56234 .~ :-;5J ·11 r, S 3 fi ~ 5 4 S ~ S I (, ~ 5 z 1J ·I 5 .1 S S 1 > 1• ·I

G 5 J .; t. 5 6 4 l _I 6 5 l 3 ·1 S (> J 4 !

5 • 6 • J r. ~ 5 J 4 5 3 6 4 z () ·I 5 ~ 1 4 : 6 j 5

Changes on Six Bells. 79

The author's note- book le:tds tbe cdi.tor to add another 720

by !VIr. Jno. f'. Penning. It contains 32 bobs and 2 singles, and is remarkable for the simplicity of the arrangement of its calls, which it will be seen run as follows:- Two bobs and miss two, until the tenors come !Jehind- this with a bob; then, one bol> and miss one, until the tenors again come behind-­this time with a single.

720

>]456

-2}564 -4562] -]6245 -52436 -64352 -2J6 4 5 -45236 -Jii452 -52364 -64523

3 4 2 56 53 4 6 2 6 53 2 •I 2 6 54 3 4 2 6 3 5 4 5 J 6 2 3 G 52 4 52 6 4 3 6 4 2 ] 5 -42356

- - ·--- ··- (Conthmtd.} -42563 -26J5 4 -65432 -53246 -34f>25

2 6 4 3 5 6S24J 5 3 6 2 4 3 4 56 2 54]256 Repeated.

This document is provided for you by

The Whiting Society of Ringersvisit

www.whitingsociety.org.ukfor the full range of publications and articles

about bells and change ringing

For more sections of this book, and for more

digitised old ringing books, from the home page,

scroll down and navigate via the link to

“Old Ringing Books”