Rootstocks: the other half of the shoot phenotype and heterosis equation
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Transcript of Rootstocks: the other half of the shoot phenotype and heterosis equation
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Rootstocks: the Other Half of theShoot Phenotype and Heterosis Equation
Dan ChitwoodDonald Danforth Plant Science CenterIPG Heterosis SymposiumMay 27, 2016
Evolutionary distance of genomesPhysical distance of genomes
Adjacent genomesAdjacentcellsAdjacent organs/sub-organ systemsAdjacent organ systemsAdjacent organismsIntra speciesInterspeciesInter-genusInter-familyInter-kingdomkissing trees??e.g. Root Mycorrhizae Microbiome/ symbiosesOrgan transplantBud-sportingPuppy-monkey-babyBrainbowVariegated plantsMicrochimerismGraft-chimerasAsexual graft-hybridAllopolyploid plant hybridsAnimal hybridsNatural root grafting??Rootstock-Scion graftingProtoplast fusionInjection
Margaret Frank, Chitwood LabMichael McKain, Kellogg Lab
Evolutionary distance of genomesPhysical distance of genomes
Adjacent genomesAdjacentcellsAdjacent organs/sub-organ systemsAdjacent organ systemsAdjacent organismsIntra speciesInterspeciesInter-genusInter-familyInter-kingdomkissing trees??e.g. Root Mycorrhizae Microbiome/ symbiosesOrgan transplantBud-sportingPuppy-monkey-babyBrainbowVariegated plantsMicrochimerismGraft-chimerasAsexual graft-hybridAllopolyploid plant hybridsAnimal hybridsNatural root grafting??Rootstock-Scion graftingProtoplast fusionInjection
Margaret Frank, Chitwood LabMichael McKain, Kellogg Lab
Evolutionary distance of genomesPhysical distance of genomes
Adjacent genomesAdjacentcellsAdjacent organs/sub-organ systemsAdjacent organ systemsAdjacent organismsIntra speciesInterspeciesInter-genusInter-familyInter-kingdomkissing trees??e.g. Root Mycorrhizae Microbiome/ symbiosesOrgan transplantBud-sportingPuppy-monkey-babyBrainbowVariegated plantsMicrochimerismGraft-chimerasAsexual graft-hybridAllopolyploid plant hybridsAnimal hybridsNatural root grafting??Rootstock-Scion graftingProtoplast fusionInjection
Margaret Frank, Chitwood LabMichael McKain, Kellogg Lab
Evolutionary distance of genomesPhysical distance of genomes
Adjacent genomesAdjacentcellsAdjacent organs/sub-organ systemsAdjacent organ systemsAdjacent organismsIntra speciesInterspeciesInter-genusInter-familyInter-kingdomkissing trees??e.g. Root Mycorrhizae Microbiome/ symbiosesOrgan transplantBud-sportingPuppy-monkey-babyBrainbowVariegated plantsMicrochimerismGraft-chimerasAsexual graft-hybridAllopolyploid plant hybridsAnimal hybridsNatural root grafting??Protoplast fusionInjection
Rootstock-Scion graftingMargaret Frank, Chitwood LabMichael McKain, Kellogg Lab
Evolutionary distance of genomes
Physical distance of genomes
Adjacent genomesAdjacentcellsAdjacent organs/sub-organ systemsAdjacent organ systemsAdjacent organismsIntra speciesInterspeciesInter-genusInter-familyInter-kingdomkissing trees??e.g. Root Mycorrhizae Microbiome/ symbiosesOrgan transplantBud-sportingPuppy-monkey-babyBrainbowVariegated plantsMicrochimerismGraft-chimerasAsexual graft-hybridAllopolyploid plant hybridsAnimal hybridsNatural root grafting??Rootstock-Scion graftingProtoplast fusionInjection
Margaret Frank, Chitwood LabMichael McKain, Kellogg Lab
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication
Overview
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication
Overview
Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant SciFAOSTAT, 2013The importance of rootstocks:Diversity
The importance of rootstocks:Domestication
Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant Sci
The importance of rootstocks:Domestication
Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant Sci
The importance of rootstocks:Root phenotypes
Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant Sci
The importance of rootstocks:Shoot phenotypes
Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant Sci
The importance of rootstocks:Shoot phenotypes
Warchefsky et al. 2016Trends in Plant Sci
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication
Overview
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication
Overview
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:North American Vitis spp. as rootstockshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylloxerahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Valentine_Riley
North American VitisVitis viniferaCharles Valentine Riley
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:North American Vitis spp. as rootstocks
PLANTS database, USDAV. ripariaV. rupestrisV. berlandieri
High-density,WetconditionsDroughttolerant,lime soilsV. ber.XV. rup.V. ber.XV. rip.Lime soils,nematoderesistanceV. rip.XV. rup.http://iv.ucdavis.edu/Viticultural_Information/
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Mt. Vernon Chambourcin vineyardUniversity of Missouri
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Mt. Vernon Chambourcin vineyardUniversity of Missouri
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology
Misha KwasniewskiArianna BozzoloGrape & Wine InstituteUniversity of Missouri
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Ionomics
Ivan BaxterDonald DanforthPlant Science Center
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Leaf morphology
Viktoriya ConevaMargaret FrankDonald DanforthPlant Science CenterLaura KleinAllison MillerSaint Louis University
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication
Overview
Rootstocks modify shoot phenotypes:Physiology, ionomics, morphologyExperiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
The importance of rootstocks:Diversity and domestication
Overview
Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
Dal Santo et al.: The plasticity of the grapevineberry transcriptome. Genome Biology (2013)
Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
Chitwood et al., Plant Physiol. (2016)Morphometric information: genotype, development, and environment
Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and time
Chitwood et al., Plant Physiol. (2016)More pronounced lobing in the colder, drier year
Experiments with long-lived woody perennials:Transplant experiments across transects and timeChitwood and Sinha , Curr Biol. (2016)More pronounced dissection correlates with the paleoclimate.Plasticity and evolution in same direction?
Graft-transmissible GxE effects:
Jason LondoUSDA, Geneva NYAnne FennellSouth Dakota State University
Thanks!Chitwood LabViktoriya ConevaMargaret Frank
Danforth REU undergradsDarren Li (WashU)Susan Rundell (Yale)Quaneisha Woodford (Fort Valley State)Tommy Yu (WashU)Danny Greenblatt (high school student)
Miller LabSaint Louis UniversityAllison MillerLaura KleinRegan OHanlonSteven ChackoMatthew GregCassandra Kitchen
University of Northern IowaJulie KangJose Lopez
University of South DakotaAnne Fennel
USDA Geneva, NYJason Londo
Missouri StateLaszlo Kovacs
MizzouArianna BozzoloMisha Kwasniewski
E&J Gallo WineryPeter Cousins