Roots of the American People: Trade Networks of …...The African Link in Trade ! Africa has a very...
Transcript of Roots of the American People: Trade Networks of …...The African Link in Trade ! Africa has a very...
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Roots of the American People: Trade Networks of Asia & Africa
Ch. 1, Sec. 3 (Prehistory-1500)
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Lesson Objectives
� 1. Students will learn about the role played by Muslims in world trade.
� 2. Students will discover how great trading states rose in East Africa and West Africa.
� 3. Students will find out how China dominated an important trade route across Asia.
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Outline
� The Muslim Link in Trade ◦ Rise of Islam ◦ Advances in Learning
� The African Link in Trade ◦ East African Trade Centers ◦ West African Trade Centers
� The East Asian Link in Trade ◦ World Traders ◦ Spice Trade and the Silk Road
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Key Terms
� Muhammad – Lead teacher of the religion of Islam � Mansa Musa – Muslim ruler, controlled Mali � Navigation – the science of locating the position and
plotting the course of ships � Zheng He – famous Chinese explorer who traveled
to East Asia
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Background � Previously, we have learned how important
trade was to Native Americans. We are now going to learn how trade helped link together the people of Asia, Africa, and Europe.
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The Muslim Link in Trade � From earliest times, trade linked groups who
lived at great distances from one another. � As trade further developed, merchants
developed regular trade routes. � These merchants brought aspects of their
cultures with them as they traveled. � By the 1500’s a very complex network
linked Europe, Africa, and Asia. � Much trade passed through the Arabian
Peninsula, in the Middle East
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The Arabian Peninsula
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The Muslim Link in Trade
� Ships from China and India brought their cargoes of spices, silks, and gems to ports on the Red Sea.
� The precious cargoes were then taken overland to markets throughout the Middle East
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Trade Routes
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Rise of Islam
� The growth in trade was also linked to the rise of Islam
� Islam emerged on the Arabian Peninsula in the 600’s
� It’s founder was the prophet, Muhammad � Muhammad taught there is one true God � Followers of Islam, called Muslims, believed
that the Quran, the sacred book of Islam, contained the exact word of God, as it was revealed to Muhammad
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Rise of Islam
� Islam was transmitted rapidly through conquest and trade
� Arab armies swept across North Africa and into Spain
� Muslim merchants also spread their religion far into Africa, and from Persia to India.
� Millions of people across three continents became Muslims
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The Spread of Islam
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Advances in Learning � Arab scholars made remarkable
contributions to mathematics, medicine, and astronomy
� They helped develop algebra and later passed it on to the Europeans
� Arab astronomers measured the size of the earth and supported the idea that it was in fact, round.
� They built large ships with triangular sails that allowed captains to use the wind even if it changed direction.
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Checkpoint Question How did Islam spread? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________
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Checkpoint Question
How did Islam spread? Through conquest and trade
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The African Link in Trade
� Africa has a very long history of trade, going back as far as 3100 B.C., when the great civilization of Egypt arose
� Egyptian traders sailed throughout the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea to bring home logs, silver, and horses
� Following routes south from Egypt, they traded for ivory, spices, copper and cattles.
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East African Trade Centers
� About A.D. 1000, trade centers began to appear in eastern Africa
� The most powerful was Zimbabwe, which became the center of a flourishing empire in the 1400’s.
� Zimbabwe lay directly on the trade route between the east coast and the interior of Africa.
� Traders passing through there had to pay taxes on their goods.
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Zimbabwe
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East African Trade Centers
� Trade brought prosperity to a number of cities along the east coast of Africa
� Kilwa, the chief trading center, attracted merchant ships from as far away as China
� They exchanged cloth, pottery, and manufactured goods, as well as gold, ivory, and furs.
� An active slave trade also developed between East Africa and Asia across the Indian Ocean
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Slave Trade
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Western African Trade Centers � Trade networks also linked the Middle
East and West Africa � Desert nomads guided caravans, or
groups of camels and their cargo, across the vast Sahara (the largest desert in the world!)
� Ghana was the first major center of trade in West Africa
� It was located between the sources of salt and the southern gold
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Ghana
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West African Trade Centers
� By A.D. 1000, demand for gold in the Middle East had grown; while the demand for salt increased due to the hot climates in West Africa
� Rulers of Ghana quickly became rich as the gold/salt trade increased
� Shifting trade routes would eventually cause Ghana to weaken
� In the 1200’s it was absorbed into the Mali empire.
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West African Trade Centers
� Mali reached it’s height under Muslim ruler, Mansa Musa
� Timbuktu was the center of the empire and became a great place for learning
� Merchants throughout the region traded for nuts, food, and of course, gold.
� In the 1400’s, Mali had a number of weak rulers, eventually losing Timbuktu in 1433, to the Songhai
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West African Trade Centers
� The rulers of the Songhai captured Timbuktu in 1468.
� They restored the city as a center of Islamic learning
� Trade across the Sahara had expanded, bringing the rulers of the Songhai great wealth
� Their trade focused on salt, gold, and captives, for sale as slaves.
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Checkpoint Question What trading kingdoms arose in West Africa? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________
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Checkpoint Question
What trading kingdoms arose in West Africa?
Ghana, Mali and Songhai
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The East Asian Link in Trade � As early as 221B.C., a strong ruler had unified
China into a single empire � Later rulers continued to add to the empire
until it covered a large part of the continent of Asia
� China was linked together by a highways, canals, and a postal system.
� As the empire expanded; so did trade � China had trade links with India, Korea, Japan,
the Middle East, and Africa � Trade centers began to grow into cities � By the 1200’s, Hangzhou was one of the
world’s largest cities.
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World Traders
� China had the highest level of technology of all civilizations of the time
� Around 1050, the Chinese invented printing. (About 400 yrs. Before Europe)
� They also made great advances in Navigation. ◦ They invented the magnetic compass, which
allowed ships to sail out of sight of land
� By the 1300’s, the Chinese were sailing routes from Japan to East Africa
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Magnetic Compass
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World Traders
� The great explorer, Zheng He, made several voyages with a fleet of over 300 gigantic ships
� The fleet visited over 30 nations throughout Asia and Africa, trading silks and pottery for spices, gems, medicinal herbs, and ivory
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Spice Trade and the Silk Road
� Chinese silks, bronze goods, pottery and spices flowed from West China along a route known as the Silk Road
� This was one of the greatest trade routes of Ancient times
� It was a series of routes that stretched from Xi’an, China all the way to Persia
� It did not decline in importance until alternate sea routes were discovered.
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The Silk Road
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Review
� 1) What role did the Muslim world play in trade? � 2) Why is the Arabian Peninsula ideal as a trading
center? � 3) Why were gold and salt important in West
African trade? � 4) How did trade in East Africa differ from trade in
West Africa?