Roots and Affixes How words are created. Today’s Warm-up How do we figure out what a word means if...
-
Upload
shavonne-barker -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Roots and Affixes How words are created. Today’s Warm-up How do we figure out what a word means if...
Learning Objective•Define affix, prefix, suffix, and root word•Analyze the use of root words and affixes•Analyze the use of Greek and Latin word roots
to *determine the meaning of words.
Vocabulary
•English vocabulary include short words like the article a as well as longer word such as inextricably and denunciation.
•Short word such as speak and solve are called base words
•Base words cannot be reduced to smaller parts.
•Other words can be added to them to produce longer words with various meanings.
Word Parts•There are two kinds of word parts: roots
and affixes.•A root is a word part that comes from
another language, such as Greek or Latin.
•An affix is a word part that can be attached to either a root or a base word to create a new word.
Affixes•Affixes can be divided into two categories:
prefixes (appear at the beginning of words) and suffixes (appear at the end of words).
Common Prefixes Common Suffixes
Bi- two -al adjectival suffix
Anti- against -fy verb suffix
Inter- between -ic adjectival suffix
Pre- before -ion noun suffix
Super- above -ism noun suffix
Trans- across -ize verb suffix
Dis- not -ous adjectival suffix
Prefixes:Prefixes:
un- un- undoundore- re- refillrefillpro- pro- for,for,
forwardforwardPrefixes are at the beginning
of words.
pre- means before fix means attach, repair
APK
SuffixesSuffixes:: -ful -ful joyfuljoyful -ly -ly sadlysadly -ness -ness kindnesskindness
Suffixes are at the end of words.
So, “prefix” means “attached before.”
A root is a set of letters that have meaning. It is the most basic form . Affixes are added to the root to create a new word.
•A root can be at the front, middle or end of a word.
Example:The Latin root ject means “throw”So project can mean “to throw forward”
English words can have all three parts: prefix + root + suffix
ab + duct + edaway from + to lead/pull + verb: past tense
abducted means ”pulled or lead away from”i.e. The general was abducted by masked gunmen.
Word Meaning
geology earth study / study of the earth
telegraph distance writing / writing that travels far
tricycle three wheels
asocial not being companionable / not wanting to join others
Check it out
Roots Affixes
Latin Root: tang, meaning “touch”
Prefix: in-, meaning “not”
Greek Root: chrome, meaning “color”
Suffix: -ible, meaning “able to”
Apply•For example one could analyze the word
intangible, using the chart shown previously.•First break the word into its parts:PREFIX ROOT SUFFIX ENGLISH
WORD In- + tang + -ible = intangible
Tang is a latin roots meaning “touch”In- is a prefix meaning “not”-ible is a suffix meaning “able to”
Meaning
•The meaning of a word is related to the meaning of its word parts.
•To unlock the meaning of an unfamiliar word, break the word down into its component parts; then think about the meaning of the word’s affixes and root.
Word Families
•A group of English words may be derived from the same word part of root. Such a group is called a word family.
•You can use this knowledge to help you determine the meaning of unknown words.
•Try this out:Shared roots: solo, solitary, solitudeRoot: sol= ?
Answer: Alone, can you think of other words in the family?•Solitare•Soloist•Based on your knowledge of the root and
the meaning of other words in the same family, try to define the meaning of the above words.
•Solitare- a card game played by one person•Soloist- one who performs alone
root + suffix
astrologyastro = stars
-logy = study of
So it means:"the study of stars”
biologybio = life
-logy = study of
So it means:“the study of life”
prefix + root
empathyem- = having
pathy = feeling
So it means:“having feeling”
The soldier had empathy for the prisoner.
enamoren- = havingamor = love
What does enamor mean?
“having love”
root + root
pseudonympseudo = falsenym = name
”false name”
Samuel Clemens wrote under the pseudonym “Mark
Twain.”
aqueductaque = water
duct = to lead/pull
What is an aqueduct used for?
How do you know that?
Try one:
Words: •Diminish•Diminutive•Minimum
•What do these words have in common?•Which words do you know?•What do you think the meaning of the root
is?
Word Family Practice Questions:•Word family: ethnicity, ethnic,
ethnographer Root: ethn Meaning:
▫Ocean▫Nation▫Hesitation
Word Family Practice Questions:•Word family: maniac, maniacal
Root: mania Meaning:
▫Education▫Sanitation▫Madness
Word Family Practice Questions:•Word family: epidermis, dermatology
Root: derm Meaning:
▫Skin▫Body▫Mind