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Investigation of energy recovery from municipal and
medical solid waste treatment methods
Romina BeretaDipl. Civil Engineer, AUTH
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DENMARK 30 incinerator units serving
over 100 communities with heat and electricity, while planning to create 10 more.
FRANCE 130 incineration plants were
utilizing 95% of incinerated waste by converting to energy, since 2004, offering:
• Electricity to 1.000.000 homes.• Heating to 600.000 homes.
Motivation of this research
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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To investigate alternative solid waste treatment technologies for the Prefecture of Thessaloniki, in view of:
• The growing population. • The insufficiency of sanitary landfill to treat
medical waste.• The need for energy recovery.• The Guide of the European Parliament (Nov
’08).
Scope of this research
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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Range: 3.683 km²Existing population: 1.110.312 res.
Solid Waste Management of Thessaloniki's prefecture
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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The basin of landfill extends to 377 acres (total area: 757 acres). Manufacturing estimated cost: 33.079.990€. Total operating cost: 8,5€/ton.
Estimated amount of S.W. (2004-2033):
7.029.643 tons
Sanitary Landfill of Mavrorahi
Quantities of S.W. final disposal:2.531.525,362 tons
(2008-2013)
• More than 1/3 of the total volume has already been filled.
• The filling time of the landfill is estimated to be reduced to 10 years.
0
100000
200000
300000
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500000
600000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Year
Dis
pose
d S
.W. (
tons
)
Estimated amountS.W. Quantities of S.W.final disposal
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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Wide range of wastes. Biogas production (10 m3/ton). The cheapest option of waste management.
Reduse recycled waste. Risk of burial dangerous and infectious wastes. Risk of contamination of the aquifer. Risk of methane release. Energy recovery is not so profitable. Fast rate of filling of the landfill. Inability of medical waste disposal.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Sanitary Landfill
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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Includes all the conversion processes in gaseous, liquid and solid products, by simultaneous or subsequent emission of heat.
Key objectives of the thermal waste treatment are:• Decreasing their volume.• Converting into non-harmful to health residues.• The maximum advantage from the energy produced.
Thermal methods of S.W. management:• Incineration.• Pyrolysis.• Gasification.
Thermal treatment of solid waste
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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Processing cost (€/t)
Incineration
Pyrolysis Gasification
Pyrolysis-Gasification
Comparison of processing cost
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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Pyrolysis-Gasification Pyrolysis Gasification
Incineration
Comparison of electrical energy production
Electrical energy recovery (kWh/t)
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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INCINERATION 32.25 55 109.8 180.8
PYROLYSIS 19.05 43.75 73.2 112.1
FINANCIAL COMPARISON
0
50
100
150
200
MIL
LIO
N €
50000 100000 200000 500000
CAPACITY (t/y)
MANUFACTURING COST
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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0
5000000
10000000
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EURO
(€)
50000 100000 200000 500000
CAPACITY (t/y)
TYPICAL OPERATING COST
INCINERATION 2232500 3765000 6600000 14276000
PYROLYSIS 2560000 3700000 6600000 10400000
FINANCIAL COMPARISON
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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Environmental impact
Greenhouse effect
INCINERATION
PYROLYSIS
GASIFICATION
-18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
Pyrolysis is the most effective method for the integrated management of S.W.
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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Total quantities of domestic and medical waste:• 403.132 tn
Mechanic Seperation Unit:• Manufacturing cost: 80 – 150 €/t• Operating cost: 12-18 €/t
Pyrolysis Unit:• Manufacturing cost: 100 million €• Operating cost: 10 million €/y
PYROLYSIS UNIT(400.000-450.000 tons)
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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PYROLYSIS UNIT(400.000-450.000 tons)
PRODUCT-MATERIAL
VALUE (€/t) QUANTITY PROFIT
(€/y)
Glass 3 15750 47.250
Metals 130 16650 2.164.500
Electricity 0.04 328000000 13.120.000
Thermal Energy 0.03 680600000 20.418.000
Total earnings up to 35.750.000€ 80€/t every year
Jessica, Instruments for S.W. management in Greece, EUROCONSULTANTS ,EPTA, 2010
Pyrolysis flow diagram:
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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Processing cost:• Investment cost: 180 million €.• *Depreciation of investment in 10 years: 180*106 €/10=18*106 €/y. (18*106 €/y) /(450.000 tons of S.W.) = 40 €/t.
Operating cost: 18+(10*106/450.000)= 40 €/t.
Fee for disposal= 40€/t.
Total processing cost of S.W. integrated management= 40€/t.
Financial profit up to 18.000.000 €/y (40€/t).
PYROLYSIS UNIT(400.000-450.000 tons)
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015
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Pyrolysis constitutes an indicated method for the integrated management of Solid Waste of Thessaloniki’s prefecture.
Decrease of the Greenhouse effect. Reduction of the leachates. Energy recovery. Financial benefits of pyrolysis products. Extra income from medical waste management in addition to the
elimination of existing charges. Penalties that are imposed from European community. 90% volume reduction of final disposal S.W. amounts (42.000 t/y).
Conclusions
R.Bereta, A.Zafirakou, 5th CEMEPE, Mykonos 2015