Rome Sec2 A
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Transcript of Rome Sec2 A
![Page 1: Rome Sec2 A](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061508/555b5620d8b42a16758b547e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Part Two:Part Two: From Republic From Republic
To EmpireTo Empire
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•1. For all its success – Rome was unstable
•2. Power switches from the many to the few
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Growing Inequality & Unrest
•Landed aristocracy governed Rome
•Wealthy, powerful families
•Senate & political offices
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•Small farmers losing land to large, wealthy landowners
•New urban class of landless poor
•Latifundia – Large Landed Estates (like Plantation)
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LatifundiaLatifundia
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•Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus, reform-minded aristocrats
•Called for laws giving public land back to the landless poor
•Both brothers eventually killed
•Discontent & unrest grew
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VIDEO: Rise of Tiberius
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Video: Tiberius Champions the Poor
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SPQR?
• S.P.Q.R. is an initialism of a Latin noun phrase, Senatus Populusque Romanus ("The Senate and the Roman People")
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Video: Cicero Takes the Lead
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The Collapse of the Republic
•Civil Wars 82 - 31 B.C.•Crassus, Pompey & Julius Caesar emerged as victors
•combined wealth & power to dominate the political scene
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The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
•60 B.C. •Crassus, Pompey Crassus, Pompey & Caesar& Caesar
•Crassus killed in 53 B.C.
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Video: Caesar’s Leadership
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•Caesar crossed the Rubicon, the river
•Caesar and Pompey start a civil war
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•Caesar defeats Pompey’s forces
•Caesar become a dictator – an absolute ruler
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Video: Caesar Starts Civil War
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Julius Julius CaesarCaesar
•44 B.C. a group of leading senators assassinated him
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The Second TriumvirateThe Second Triumvirate
•Octavian, Antony & Lepidus
•Octavian took the west & Antony, the east
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•Antony allied himself with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII
•Like Caesar before him, Antony had fallen in love with her
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Mark Anthony
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Cleopatra
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•Battle of ActiumBattle of Actium: Octavian’s forces smashed the army & the navy of Antony & Cleopatra
•Both committed suicide a year later
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The Age of Augustus•27 B.C. Octavian became “Augustus” the revered one
•Maintained a huge army•Becomes Golden Age of Literature - Virgil
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Octavian
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Emperors of the Early Emperors of the Early EmpireEmpire
•Nero: had people killed if he wanted them out of the way - including his mother
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Nero
Roman legions revoltedNero committed suicide by stabbing himself in the throat
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Video: The Horror of Nero’s Reign
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Emperors of the Early Emperors of the Early EmpireEmpire
•5 good emperors:
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius & Marcus Aurelius
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Pax RomanaPax Romana = Roman Peace100 Years of Peace