Rome. Geography Rome is in Italy which is around the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea Rome is in...
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Transcript of Rome. Geography Rome is in Italy which is around the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea Rome is in...
RomeRome
GeographyGeography Rome is in Italy which is Rome is in Italy which is
around the midpoint of around the midpoint of the Mediterranean Seathe Mediterranean Sea
3 groups made up Italy:3 groups made up Italy: Latins (built Rome)Latins (built Rome) GreeksGreeks Etruscans (took over Etruscans (took over
Rome)Rome)
RomeRome
Rome was founded by 2 brothers, Rome was founded by 2 brothers, Romulus and RemusRomulus and Remus..
They were abandoned on the Tiber river They were abandoned on the Tiber river and raised by a she-wolf and raised by a she-wolf
RomeRome Romans were borrowersRomans were borrowers In the early years of Rome, they In the early years of Rome, they
borrowed the Etruscans’ writing, borrowed the Etruscans’ writing, alphabet, and architecturealphabet, and architecture
They borrowed the Greek Gods and They borrowed the Greek Gods and changed their nameschanged their names Examples: Zeus=Jupiter, Ares=Mars, Examples: Zeus=Jupiter, Ares=Mars,
Hermes=Mercury, Poseidon=Saturn, Hermes=Mercury, Poseidon=Saturn, Hades=Neptune Hades=Neptune
Roman RepublicRoman Republic
The Etruscans took over Rome and The Etruscans took over Rome and placed their kings over the Latins.placed their kings over the Latins.
The Latins in Rome overthrew the The Latins in Rome overthrew the last Etruscan king, last Etruscan king, Tarquin the Tarquin the ProudProud and they said they would and they said they would never be ruled by a king.never be ruled by a king.
Roman RepublicRoman Republic
Rome started a Rome started a republicrepublic, a , a government where government where people vote for people vote for their leaderstheir leaders
However, only free-However, only free-born male could born male could vote.vote.
Roman RepublicRoman Republic
3 groups made up Rome:3 groups made up Rome: PatriciansPatricians: landowners who held the : landowners who held the
powerpower PlebiansPlebians: common people: common people SlavesSlaves
Roman Roman RepublicRepublic
ExecutiveExecutive Two ConsulsTwo Consuls ““I forbid” = vetoI forbid” = veto
LegislativeLegislative Senate - PatriciansSenate - Patricians Assembly – Assembly –
PlebeiansPlebeians JudicialJudicial
8 Praetors8 Praetors
ExecutiveExecutive Pres/VPPres/VP Only Pres can vetoOnly Pres can veto
LegislativeLegislative SenateSenate House of House of
RepresentativesRepresentatives JudicialJudicial
9 Supreme Court Judges9 Supreme Court Judges
United States
Rome GovernmentRome Government
In an emergency, Rome could appoint a In an emergency, Rome could appoint a dictatordictator to make laws and command to make laws and command the army. However, power only lasted the army. However, power only lasted 6 months 6 months
Roman RepublicRoman Republic
These laws were written on 12 stone These laws were written on 12 stone tablets and put in the Forum where tablets and put in the Forum where everyone can see themeveryone can see them
They were called the They were called the Twelve TablesTwelve Tables
Roman ArmyRoman Army The Roman Army was The Roman Army was
made up of made up of legionslegions
Each legion is made up Each legion is made up of 5000 heavily armed of 5000 heavily armed foot soldiers and each foot soldiers and each legion had its own flag legion had its own flag (its (its eagleeagle))
Rome expandsRome expands
Rome eventually conquered all of Rome eventually conquered all of Italy with its legionsItaly with its legions
Those they conquered were given Those they conquered were given the citizenship with Rome except the the citizenship with Rome except the right to vote. right to vote.
Rome left the conquered with local Rome left the conquered with local control as long as they send men and control as long as they send men and did not make treaties with enemies did not make treaties with enemies of Romeof Rome
Punic WarsPunic Wars
As Rome expanded, it fought with another As Rome expanded, it fought with another nation called Carthage over trade.nation called Carthage over trade.
They fought 3 wars called the They fought 3 wars called the Punic WarsPunic Wars
Punic WarsPunic Wars
Carthage under Carthage under HannibalHannibal invaded Rome invaded Rome from the Alps and attacked Rome for a from the Alps and attacked Rome for a decadedecade
He won his greatest victory at CannaeHe won his greatest victory at Cannae
Punic WarsPunic Wars
Rome under Rome under ScipioScipio decided to attack decided to attack Carthage, while Hannibal was in Italy.Carthage, while Hannibal was in Italy.
Hannibal raced back to Carthage and lost Hannibal raced back to Carthage and lost at Zuma.at Zuma.
Carthage was later destroyed by Rome.Carthage was later destroyed by Rome. It was burned downIt was burned down 50000 citizens were sold into slavery50000 citizens were sold into slavery Rome then salted the earth, so nothing could Rome then salted the earth, so nothing could
growgrow
RomeRome
As Rome expanded, many problems As Rome expanded, many problems started to happeningstarted to happening The gap between rich and poor was The gap between rich and poor was
wideningwidening Many poor farmers lost their land and Many poor farmers lost their land and
became homeless and wandered the became homeless and wandered the countrysidecountryside
The rich were becoming corrupted and The rich were becoming corrupted and the slaves were developing resentmentthe slaves were developing resentment
RomeRome
Rich landowners created large Rich landowners created large estates called estates called latifundiaslatifundias
RomeRome
2 brothers tried to help Rome’s poor by limiting 2 brothers tried to help Rome’s poor by limiting the size of latifundias and giving land to the the size of latifundias and giving land to the poorpoor Tiberius GracchusTiberius Gracchus Gaius GracchusGaius Gracchus
RomeRome
Generals began to recruit the Generals began to recruit the homeless for soldiers= civil warhomeless for soldiers= civil war
To stop the war a To stop the war a triumviratetriumvirate (group of 3 rulers) was formed (group of 3 rulers) was formed
RomeRome
The 1The 1stst triumvirate were triumvirate were Julius CaesarJulius Caesar General PompeyGeneral Pompey Wealthy CrassusWealthy Crassus
RomeRome
Caesar then went to Caesar then went to GaulGaul
He conquered it and He conquered it and became more popularbecame more popular
Pompey grew scared Pompey grew scared and told Caesar to and told Caesar to disband his legionsdisband his legions
Caesar crossed the Caesar crossed the Rubicon and won Rubicon and won against Pompeyagainst Pompey
RomeRome
Caesar became a dictator Caesar became a dictator for life or an for life or an absolute absolute rulerruler (ruler who had total (ruler who had total power)power)
Some Romans became Some Romans became jealousjealous
RomeRome
Marcus Brutus and others stabbed Caesar Marcus Brutus and others stabbed Caesar 23 times in the Senate chamber 23 times in the Senate chamber
Last words “Et tu, Brute?”Last words “Et tu, Brute?”
RomeRome
After Caesar’s death, a civil war After Caesar’s death, a civil war started between the killers and the started between the killers and the supporters of Caesarsupporters of Caesar
A 2nd triumvirate was formed to stop A 2nd triumvirate was formed to stop the killers from gaining powerthe killers from gaining power
RomeRome
The 2The 2ndnd triumvirate was triumvirate was Octavian (Caesar’s nephew)Octavian (Caesar’s nephew) Mark Antony (Caesar’s general)Mark Antony (Caesar’s general) Lepidus (powerful politician)Lepidus (powerful politician)
RomeRome
Octavian and Antony fought for RomeOctavian and Antony fought for Rome
Antony joined with Cleopatra and lost Antony joined with Cleopatra and lost to Octavian at Actiumto Octavian at Actium
Antony and Cleopatra committed Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide suicide
RomeRome
Octavian started Octavian started the Roman Empire the Roman Empire with him as the 1with him as the 1stst emperoremperor
He even changed He even changed his name to his name to AugustusAugustus
RomeRome Augustus took over and started the Augustus took over and started the Pax Pax
Romana Romana or peace of Rome that lasted for or peace of Rome that lasted for 200 years200 years
He opened up the He opened up the Silk Road Silk Road (the road that (the road that connected that brought silk from China for connected that brought silk from China for Roman goods)Roman goods)
He also reformed the calendar by adding 2 He also reformed the calendar by adding 2 months. This is called the months. This is called the Julian CalendarJulian Calendar
Rome SocialRome Social
Values of Rome: discipline, self-Values of Rome: discipline, self-sacrifice, loyalty to family, and thriftsacrifice, loyalty to family, and thrift
Roman families were lead by the Roman families were lead by the oldest male called the oldest male called the paterfamiliaspaterfamilias
Rome WomenRome Women
Rome women had Rome women had more freedoms more freedoms than Greek women.than Greek women. They could work, They could work,
own property, and own property, and testify in courttestify in court
They still could not They still could not votevote
RomeRome
Most people were still poor, so to Most people were still poor, so to gain support from these people, gain support from these people, Romans used Romans used Bread and CircusesBread and Circuses
Rome ReligionRome Religion JesusJesus was born during was born during
this time and stressed this time and stressed that people should love that people should love God, their neighbors, God, their neighbors, and their enemies.and their enemies.
Some Jews thought he Some Jews thought he was the was the MessiahMessiah or or savior chosen by Godsavior chosen by God
•An Early Depiction of Jesus•What Do You Think?
RomeRome
The main source of The main source of Jesus’ life is in the first Jesus’ life is in the first four books of the New four books of the New Testament called the Testament called the GospelsGospels Matthew, Mark, Luke, Matthew, Mark, Luke,
and Johnand John
The Gospels are in the The Gospels are in the Christian Holy Book Christian Holy Book called the called the BibleBible
RomeRome
The disciples of Jesus were called The disciples of Jesus were called ApostlesApostles
After Jesus’ Death they spread the After Jesus’ Death they spread the word of the new religion, Christianity.word of the new religion, Christianity.
The head disciple was The head disciple was PeterPeter who who was known as the “Rock” and was known as the “Rock” and founded the Church in Romefounded the Church in Rome
RomeRome
A former enemy turned disciple was A former enemy turned disciple was PaulPaul, , who created churches for non-Jews.who created churches for non-Jews.
RomeRome Christians were persecuted by Rome in the Christians were persecuted by Rome in the
beginning (fed to the lions at the Colosseum)beginning (fed to the lions at the Colosseum) MartyrsMartyrs are people who die for their beliefs are people who die for their beliefs So, Christians got organizedSo, Christians got organized
BishopsBishops were put in charge of many churches were put in charge of many churches The The PopePope in Rome became in charge of all the Bishops in Rome became in charge of all the Bishops
RomeRome ConstantineConstantine took over the took over the
Roman Empire and converted Roman Empire and converted to Christianity.to Christianity.
This stopped the persecution This stopped the persecution and started the spread of the and started the spread of the religion throughout the religion throughout the empire.empire.
He also issued the Edict of He also issued the Edict of Milan which gave freedom of Milan which gave freedom of religionreligion
Pax RomanaRoman RoadsLatin/Greek
Three conditions for spread
Six Reasons for the AppealSix Reasons for the Appeal FaithFaith of martyrs of martyrs HopeHope for better life after death for better life after death LoveLove – Personal relationship of God – Personal relationship of God EqualityEquality – All believers equal - sinners – All believers equal - sinners PurposePurpose – Meaningful life – Meaningful life Eternal LifeEternal Life
What groups in Rome would be What groups in Rome would be attracted?attracted?
How do these values compare to How do these values compare to traditionaltraditional
Roman values? New Roman values?Roman values? New Roman values?
RomeRome
As Christianity grew, As Christianity grew, church leaders called church leaders called anything not anything not Christian Christian heresyheresy
One of the fathers of One of the fathers of the Christian Religion the Christian Religion was was AugustineAugustine who who wrote wrote The City of GodThe City of God and and ConfessionsConfessions
Military Causes of the FallMilitary Causes of the Fall
Threat from Northern European tribesThreat from Northern European tribes BarbariansBarbarians
Low funds for defenseLow funds for defense Problems recruiting Roman citizensProblems recruiting Roman citizens Recruiting of non-Romans – fought for payRecruiting of non-Romans – fought for pay
MercenariesMercenaries Decline of Patriotism and loyaltyDecline of Patriotism and loyalty
among soldiersamong soldiers
Political Causes of the FallPolitical Causes of the Fall
Political office seen as a burden not Political office seen as a burden not a rewarda reward
Military interference in politicsMilitary interference in politics Civil war and unrestCivil war and unrest
Individualism – self interestIndividualism – self interest Division of EmpireDivision of Empire Moving of capital to ByzantiumMoving of capital to Byzantium
Social Causes of the FallSocial Causes of the Fall
Decline in interest in public affairsDecline in interest in public affairs Low confidence in the empireLow confidence in the empire Disloyalty – Disloyalty – Lack of patriotismLack of patriotism – –
corruptioncorruption Contrast between the rich and poorContrast between the rich and poor
Individualism - freedomIndividualism - freedom
Rome FallsRome Falls
The German rulers took the Latin The German rulers took the Latin language, Roman laws, and the language, Roman laws, and the Christian ChurchChristian Church
The VisigothsThe VisigothsLate 330s - 400s A.D. - variety of Germanic Late 330s - 400s A.D. - variety of Germanic
groups gradually gained control of Roman groups gradually gained control of Roman territory territory
Visigoths Visigoths VandalsVandals FranksFranks AnglesAngles Saxon Saxon
410 A.D. - 410 A.D. - AlaricAlaric - Visigoth chief - Visigoth chief captured and sacked Romecaptured and sacked Romeafter his death they retreated after his death they retreated into Gaulinto Gaul
Alaric Sacks Rome
Barbarian InvasionsBarbarian Invasions
Attila the HunAttila the HunLeader of Mongol nomadsLeader of Mongol nomads
that forced Germanic that forced Germanic nomadsnomads
to move into Rometo move into Rome The HunsThe Huns
nomadic group from central nomadic group from central AsiaAsia
led by led by Attila the HunAttila the Hun raided the eastern empireraided the eastern empire moved north into Gaulmoved north into Gaul
453 A.D. - Attila the Hun 453 A.D. - Attila the Hun died died
Roman LegaciesRoman LegaciesAdopted by Germanic invadersAdopted by Germanic invaders
Latin languageLatin language Roman LawRoman Law ChristianityChristianity