RomeRome

From Republic to EmpireFrom Republic to Empire

Geography and PeopleGeography and People• Italian peninsula which looks like a boot, juts out into

the middle of the Mediterranean Sea

• Its capitol, Rome, lies in the middle of the Italy peninsula

•This central location allowed it to have easy communication, unification and expansion

•Many Romans were Greek colonists, which shared Greek Culture

• Italian peninsula which looks like a boot, juts out into the middle of the Mediterranean Sea

• Its capitol, Rome, lies in the middle of the Italy peninsula

•This central location allowed it to have easy communication, unification and expansion

•Many Romans were Greek colonists, which shared Greek Culture

Roman RepublicRoman Republic

•Romans set up a republic after they threw out their totalitarian ruler

•the Republic was made up of two branches

•Romans set up a republic after they threw out their totalitarian ruler

•the Republic was made up of two branches

SenateMade up of Patricians

Landholding upper class

TribunesMade up of Plebeians

Middle and Lower classes

Comparing Greece and Rome

Comparing Greece and Rome•Direct Democracy vs. Republic; both would be

used as role models for the United States government

•Veto, Senate, Jury, checks on political power to name a few

•Roman women played a larger role in Roman society owning businesses, supporting the arts, and political influence

•Direct Democracy vs. Republic; both would be used as role models for the United States government

•Veto, Senate, Jury, checks on political power to name a few

•Roman women played a larger role in Roman society owning businesses, supporting the arts, and political influence

Education and ReligionEducation and Religion•Both girls and boys learned to read and write.

•Every class was educated, and Greek philosophers were hired as tutors

•Roman religion was a mirror of Greek mythology with the same gods with different names for each god.

•Both girls and boys learned to read and write.

•Every class was educated, and Greek philosophers were hired as tutors

•Roman religion was a mirror of Greek mythology with the same gods with different names for each god.

Roman LegionRoman Legion•Highly skilled soldiers

•Fought without pay and with own weapons

•Valued loyalty, courage, and respect for authority

•Conquered people were treated with justice and allowed to keep their own customs, but had to swear allegiance to Rome and protect it.

•Senatus populusque Romanus

•Senate and people Rome

•Highly skilled soldiers

•Fought without pay and with own weapons

•Valued loyalty, courage, and respect for authority

•Conquered people were treated with justice and allowed to keep their own customs, but had to swear allegiance to Rome and protect it.

•Senatus populusque Romanus

•Senate and people Rome

Julius Caesar’s Rise to Power

Julius Caesar’s Rise to Power•Caesar led the legions to defend and expand

Rome coming up with the phrase “Veni, vidi, vici”

•after he was victorious, the Senate demanded Caesar disband his army and return power to the people.

•He refused, and crossed the Rubicon River and declared himself dictator

•The Senate planned an assassination and stabbed him to death.

•Caesar led the legions to defend and expand Rome coming up with the phrase “Veni, vidi, vici”

•after he was victorious, the Senate demanded Caesar disband his army and return power to the people.

•He refused, and crossed the Rubicon River and declared himself dictator

•The Senate planned an assassination and stabbed him to death.

Bad & Good Emperors and Pax Romana

Bad & Good Emperors and Pax Romana•Caligula and Nero - Evil and insane,

appointing a horse to the council, setting a fire that burned down much of Rome, killed Christians in the colosseum. It was even said that they would have group orgies with animals!

•Pax Romana or Roman Peace, was height of Rome with peace throughout, trade and entertainment

•Bread & Circus - by giving away free grain and performing public gladiator battles, the emperors kept the masses happy even though times were getting tougher for Romans

•Caligula and Nero - Evil and insane, appointing a horse to the council, setting a fire that burned down much of Rome, killed Christians in the colosseum. It was even said that they would have group orgies with animals!

•Pax Romana or Roman Peace, was height of Rome with peace throughout, trade and entertainment

•Bread & Circus - by giving away free grain and performing public gladiator battles, the emperors kept the masses happy even though times were getting tougher for Romans

Art, Architecture, and Engineering

Art, Architecture, and Engineering•Stressed realism in art

•Architecture modeled after greek architecture, but improved upon it.

•Used engineering to improve systems of public works

•Stressed realism in art

•Architecture modeled after greek architecture, but improved upon it.

•Used engineering to improve systems of public works

Pompeii!Pompeii!•Vesuvius erupts

•ash was thrown in the air causing darkness and rain

•suffocating and burying its victims

•Vesuvius erupts

•ash was thrown in the air causing darkness and rain

•suffocating and burying its victims

Roman LawRoman Law•Innocent till proven guilty

•right to face accuser

•clearer then daylight or without a reasonable doubt

•Innocent till proven guilty

•right to face accuser

•clearer then daylight or without a reasonable doubt

Signs of DeclineSigns of Decline•decline of values and use of “centers of

learning”

•abuse of wine and gambling

•reality shows aka gladiators

•increase of taxes and debt

•decline of values and use of “centers of learning”

•abuse of wine and gambling

•reality shows aka gladiators

•increase of taxes and debt

Constantine and foreign invasion

Constantine and foreign invasion

•Divided Rome into two separate empires

•grated toleration to christians

•Northern germanic people invade (Huns, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and others)

•Attila the Hun destroyed much of Rome

•Divided Rome into two separate empires

•grated toleration to christians

•Northern germanic people invade (Huns, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and others)

•Attila the Hun destroyed much of Rome

Causes of the fall of Rome

Causes of the fall of Rome

•Hired Mercenaries vs volunteer army

•corruption of government officials

•High taxes and inflation

•decline of patriotism, devotion to duty and citizenship

•Rome falls, but will continue with Byzantine Empire and into middle ages.

•“Free Fallen” by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers

•Hired Mercenaries vs volunteer army

•corruption of government officials

•High taxes and inflation

•decline of patriotism, devotion to duty and citizenship

•Rome falls, but will continue with Byzantine Empire and into middle ages.

•“Free Fallen” by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers