Rome: From Republic to Empire
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Transcript of Rome: From Republic to Empire
ROME: FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIREDawson College
Ancient Rome
Roman Republic
Roman Empire
Timeline 509 BCE Republic of Rome formed
431-404 BCE Peloponnesian War
338 BCE Philip of Macedon conquers Greece
323 BCE Death of Alexander the Great
287 BCE End of the Struggle of the Orders
264-202 BCE Punic Wars
46-44 BCE Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and death
27 BCE Caesar Augustus first Emperor of Rome
Social Class Patricians: wealthy landowners
Plebians: common people
The Republic, 509 B.C.E.
1. Constitution: unwritten laws & customs
2. Consuls: two, with imperium, elected for one year; led army, performed religious duties, acted as judges; powers legally limited
quaestors praetor censor
The Republic (cont.)3. Senate: only continuous deliberative
body; made up of prominent patricians; gained control of finances & foreign policy
4. Assembly: early Republic had centuriate assembly—army acting in a political capacity; basic unit was century
Struggle of the Orders Plebians want:
Real political representation Protection against patrician domination
Plebian power based on: Army
General strike
Results Codification and publication of laws –
Law of the 12 Tables (450) Intermarriage b/w Plebs and Pats Tribunes One consul always Pleb
287 BCE -- All citizens share equally under the law!
Law of the Twelve Tables "Quickly kill ... a dreadfully deformed child. A child born ten months after the father's death will not be admitted into a
legal inheritance. Females shall remain in guardianship even when they have attained their
majority ... except Vestal Virgins. Persons shall mend roadways. If they do not keep them laid with stone, a
person shall drive his beasts where he wishes. It is permitted to gather fruit falling down on another man's farm. If any person has sung or composed against another person a song such as
was causing slander or insult to another, he shall be clubbed to death. If a person has maimed another's limb, let there be retaliation in kind
unless he makes agreement for settlement with him. Intermarriage shall not take place between plebeians and patricians...
Roman Expansion1. Italy
2. Carthage
3. Hellenistic World
**Harshest treatment for Iberian regions
Carthage
Punic Wars (Carthage vs. Rome)
Roman Expansion1. Italy
2. Carthage
3. Hellenistic World
**Harshest treatment for Iberian regions
Life in Republic of Rome
Old vs. New
Religion
Life in the city
Role of women http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVgInLlYF-0
Role of Slaves http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwKeq9nWsfI
Other changes
Religion
Zeus Jupiter Lord of the Sky, Gods
Hera Juno Protector of Marriage
Poseiden Neptune Ruler of the Sea
Athena Minerva Goddess of Wisdom/War
Aphrodite Venus Goddess of Love & Beauty
Eros Cupid God of Love
Nike Victoria Goddess of Victory
Greek Roman
Republic is Breaking Down… Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
C. Marius
Sulla
First Triumvirate
Pompey: enormously successful & popular general given wide powers
Crassus: given command of most of Italy to put down slave rebellion led by Spartacus
Julius Caesar (100–44 B.C.E.): as young politician, allied with Crassus to build military command & following
Julius Caesar elected consul, 59 B.C.E
Caesar conquers Gaul, Pompey seizes power in his absence
49 B.C.E.: Caesar told to give up his command
Caesar marches into Rome
March 15, 44 B.C.E.: Caesar assassinated by senatorial conspiracy led by Cassius & Brutus
Rome in 44 BCE
Octavian Caesar named grand-nephew Gaius Octavius (63–14
B.C.E.) his successor; comes to be called Octavian
Second Triumvirate, 43 B.C.E.: Octavian, Mark Antony, & Aemilius Lepidus—took control of Rome and given near-dictatorial powers Octavian gets West: Antony gets East Lepidus gets Africa
Antony & Octavian fall out
Battle of Actium, 31 B.C.E.: Octavian’s forces victorious, Antony & Cleopatra commit suicide; Octavian master of Mediterranean world
Roman EmpireOctavian’s rule Army Wealth Learned from Uncle Julius
Careful steps in taking power Princeps “Augustus”
Pax Romana (27 BCE- 180 C.E.)
Peace of Rome Infrastructure building Institution building Morality and Religion Literature Architectural
The Emperors Some incompetent, some competent but
Pax Romana stays “Good Emperors”
Nerva (96-98) Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius
Roman Empire to 117 CE
Christianity Jesus of Nazereth
Paul (Saul of Tarsus)
Creation of Church Apostolic Succession
Jesus of Nazareth
Spread of Christianity
Fall of Rome Barbarian invasions Economic Challenges Social Order Role of Army