ROMEBY THE END OF CLASS YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

EXPLAIN THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF ROME’S GEOGRAPHY

EXPLAIN THE INFLUENCE THAT THE CIVILIZATIONS OF THE ETRUSCANS AND GREEKS HAD ON ROME

BELL WORK – ROME – 11/18Read the following & answer the questions that follow.

According to Roman legend a princess named Rhea Sylvia had twin boys by Mars, the god of war. A jealous uncle who had stolen the throne from her father ordered her twins to be drowned in the Tiber River. Fortunately, a servant had pity on the twins and placed them in a basket. Eventually, the basket washed onto the shore and the twins were discovered by a female wolf. The wolf nursed and protected the babies for a short time before they were found by a shepherd. The shepherd then raised the twins. When Romulus and Remus became adults, they decided to found a city on Palatine Hill which was close to where the wolf had discovered them and over looked the Tiber River. The brothers fought over exactly where the city should be built, and as a result, Remus was killed by his brother. Without Remus, Romulus became the sole founder of the new city and named it Rome. The date given for the founding of Rome was 753 BC.

Do you believe it or not? What parts of the story seem too unlikely to be true?

Are there any elements of the story you might have heard in other stories?

 If the legend does not explain how the city of Rome was really founded why do you think Rome was built?

What physical features affected Rome’s development into a civilization? (

Rome, with its central location on the Italian peninsula, was able to extend its influence over the entire Mediterranean.

WHY IS THE GEOGRAPHY OFROME IMPORTANT?

GEOGRAPHY OF ITALYUnlike Greece Italy is not broken up into small isolated mountain valleys.

The mountains in Italy are less rugged than the mountains in Greece.

In the north and south there are fertile plains. These plains supported the growing population.

Alps in the north provide a natural barrier

EARLY PEOPLES: THE LATINS AND THE ETRUSCANS

By 800 B.C. the ancestors of the Romans, the Latins, migrated into Italy.

They settled along the Tiber River in small settlements on the plain of Latium , which would eventually become Rome.

Northern Italy was inhabited by another group known as the Etruscans.

The Romans learned much from the Etruscan civilization.

THE ROMANS ESTABLISH A REPUBLIC

In 509 B.C. the Romans kicked out their Etruscan ruler and established the first Roman republic.

Republic- “that which belongs to the people”, a system of government in which the people choose some officials.

ROMAN REPUBLIC AND SOCIAL CLASS THE STRUGGLE OF THE ORDERS

PATRICIANSPatricians- members of the upper class who owned land.

Held all of the powerful positions in the Republic.

Consuls: people who supervised government and commanded the armies, only served 1 term

Dictator: If war broke out the senators might choose a ruler who would have complete control of the government, only had control for 6 months

Many served as officials in the senate for life.

ROMAN REPUBLIC AND SOCIAL CLASS THE STRUGGLE OF THE ORDERS

Plebeians- the farmers, merchants, and artisans, who made up the majority of the population.

At first had little power in making decisions.

In order to gain more power, the plebeians physically withdrew from the state & formed their own assemblies to lobby for political reform

In time they gained more rights such as the

• Veto- the ability to block laws• Tribunes- plebian officials who would work

with the patricians to ensure the rights of plebeians

• Twelve Tables- Laws were inscribed on giant stones and put up around Rome so everyone knew exactly what the laws were

THE 12 TABLES

Read the primary source on page 119 & answer the following in your notebook

1. what do the selections from the twelve tables reveal about roman society?

2. In what ways do these points of law differ from those found in the code of Hammurabi (page 11 if you need a reminder)

3. How are they similar?

Codification/codify – to put things into an official and orderly form.

QUIZ~!

Take out your homework, you may use it on your quiz

Once you finish turn both into the bins in the front.

FAMILY STRUCTURE IN ROME 11/19The word Patrician is derived from the word Patres, which means fathers in Latin

The male head of the family was known as the Paterfamilias

In the early republic citizens usually had two names

praenomen- personal name

nomen – family name

cognomen- originally a nick name, it later became a hereditary family name

THE ROMAN CONQUEST OF ITALYFounded in 509 B.C.E Rome had unified the tribes of Latium by 493 B.C.E

They then engaged in nearly constant warfare with their neighbors

By 340 B.C.E the tribes of Latium had grown tired of Roman rule and revolted

In 338B.C.E Rome crushes the revolt, and allows them entrance into the Roman Confederation

THE ROMAN CONFEDERATION

Rome generally treated its conquered enemies justly.

Conquered people had to:

• Acknowledge Roman leadership• Pay taxes• Supply soldiers for the Roman army

They were allowed to keep their own customs, money, and local government.

Some people were granted full Roman citizenship.

What effect do you think this confederation had on the countries Rome conquered?

THE ROMAN CONQUEST OF ITALYAfter the Etruscans and the tribes of Latium had been dealt with, Rome set it sights on Magna Gracea (or greater Greece)

King Pyrrhus of Greece sends 20,000 troops who win twice but suffer heavy losses

“Pyrrhic Victory”

In 267 B.C.E Pyrrhus is defeated and Rome had conquered all of Italy

CITIZEN-SOLDIERS MAKE UP THE ARMY

The basic military unit was the legion, made up of about 5,000 men.

Roman citizens made good soldiers because they were brought up to value loyalty, courage, and respect authority.

Rewards- soldiers who showed courage in battle were given gifts and praise.

Punishments- If a unit fled in battle 1 out of every 10 men in the unit would have been put to death. (DECIMATION)

CINCINNATUS SAVES ROME: A ROMAN MORALITY TALE

Page 121

What did Cincinnatus’ story tell us about Roman values?

THE PUNIC WARS

THE PUNIC WARS• The immediate cause of the First Punic War was

• Rome sending an army to Sicily.• As a result of the First Punic War the

Carthaginians were

• forced to withdraw from Sicily and pay an indemnity to Rome.

• The Second Punic War saw Carthage carry a land war

• Across the Alps to Rome

The result of the Third Punic War was

• the complete destruction and subjugation of Carthage

DESTRUCTION OF CARTHAGE

p. 125

Turn in your Homework! Grab a copy of the Rome #3 homework, it is due tomorrow.

THE NATURE OF ROMAN IMPERIALISM

Carthage is destroyed and turned into a province called Africa in 146 B.C.E

Macedonia, following a revolt was made part of Rome in 148 B.C.E

Greece was then fully conquered by Rome in 146 B.C.E

In 133 B.C.E the king of the Coast of Ionia (modern day Turkey) was made part of Rome as well

How did Rome manage to obtain this empire?Roman expansion was highly opportunistic, responding to

unanticipated military threats and possibilities for glory.

ROMAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY

Rome just conquered the Mediterranean Basin, they now have control of nearly all of the resources in the area. They have also added to their population; unfortunately many of the newcomers have been taken as slaves.

Explain the social and economic repercussions of Rome’s expansion. What do you think happened at home?

THE IMPACT AT HOME: LATIFUNDIAA new class of people had arisen due to the riches gained from all of the wars on foreign soil.

These generals, traders and soldiers built lavish mansions on huge farming estates called Latifundias

As Rome took more and more land they forced the captured people into slavery.

By the end of the republic 1/3rd of people in Italy were slaves.

Why would the creation of large slave run plantations cause widespread urbanization in the Roman Empire ?

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SOCIETY & CULTURE IN THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

Romans Educate all Children

• Both boys and girls from all classes learned to read and write.

• Many wealthy Romans hired Greek tutors to teach their children.

• Children memorized major events in Roman history and studied rhetoric or public speaking.

ROMAN RELIGIONThe Romans were polytheistic

The goal of Roman religion was to maintain trust and harmony with the spirits, a condition known as the “peace of the gods”

The head of the Roman religious observances was the pontifex maximus