The Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic

Chapter 5

Pages 146-183

Chapter Outline

The Rise of Rome From Republic to Empire

KWL Create a KWL for Ancient Rome:

K W L

The Rise of Rome:Land and People(Copy on the back of your Rome Map)

The Geography of Rome made it the perfect place for a large and stable empire. Italy is a peninsula

located in the Mediterranean sea.

Fertile plains and less rugged terrain made it much easier to unify than Greece.

Geography of Rome Locate the

following on the map provided: Rome Carthage Byzantium Jerusalem Sicily (shade

orange) Judea (shade

green) Alps Rubicon River Rhine River Danube River Aegean Sea Mediterranean

Sea

•Color Rivers Blue •Mountains Brown•Place red stripes over all the land that was part of the Roman Empire by 14AD.•Place purple polka dots on the area that used to be the Carthaginian Empire

The Rise of Rome:The Roman Republic

People of Italy 1500BC-1000BC

occupied by Latins, herders and farmers.

750-550BC Greeks colonist pass along their alphabet and agriculture as well as art and architecture.

800BC Etruscans found the city of Rome, wore the toga, and were the most influential.

509BC The last Etruscan king/tyrant is overthrown and a Republic is established

•Legend: Romulus was raised by a wolf and killed his twin brother Remus for having a smart mouth, before building a city on the Tiber River and establishing Rome.

•Reality: Romulus was the first of seven kings who ruled Rome as a city-state.

The Rise of Rome:The Roman Republic

Read page 151: War and Conquest, and Why Rome was Successful. 3-2-1 3 reasons why Romans were successful in war.

Good Diplomats Excelled in Military Matters Law and Practical Politics

2 victories for the new Republic 338 BC Crushed the Latins 264 BC overcome the Greeks

1 way Romans gained support for their empire. Extended Roman citizenship and allowed states to run

their own affairs.

The Rise of Rome:The Roman State

Use page 152 to create a Social Hierarchy for Rome. Rank people from the few with the most power at the

top to the majority with the least power at the bottom. (SEE GUIDED READING # 7.)

2 Consuls

Plebeians

Patricians

Senate

Dictator

Slaves

The Rise of Rome:Roman State and Society

Roman Republic: Form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote. Senate: (government that was established by the

people to prevent a tyrant from misruling Rome.) Two Consuls were elected annually to supervise

government and command armies. One Dictator could be chosen during a time of war

or crisis for a temporary time. Society organized by class: (A person could improve

their status.) Patricians: landholding elite and could be members of

senate Plebeians: Lower class free men like farmers, merchants,

etc. Slaves: no rights or privileges but could one day become

citizens themselves.

Roman Law One of Rome’s most lasting achievements was

their system of Law. Twelve Tables:

First Roman code of Law Civil Law:

Law that applied to Roman citizens Law of Nations:

Universal law based on reason that applied to all people

What Roman standards of justice can still be found today? Innocent until proven guilty Right to a defend yourself before a judge Fair trial

The Rise of Rome:Expansion Punic Wars 264-146 BC: Between

Rome and Carthage over who would rule trade in the Mediterranean. First War over Sicily Rome

Wins Second Carthage attacks

Rome from the north through the Alps Hannibal=Leader of

Carthage’s army that wanted to destroy Rome.

Third War Rome destroys Carthage.

Also expanded into Alexander’s Empire by 168BC and the Holy land in 63 BC.

Cause Major Battles Effect

First Punic War

Second Punic War

Third Punic War

Punic Wars: Read pages 153-154

Rome wants Sicily

Rome creates a navy and defeats Carthage

Rome takes Sicily

Hannibal & Carthage

want revenge

Hannibal entered Spain, crossed the Alps with elephants, attacked

Rome from the North

Rome lost half its army at

Cannae but kept the city

safe

Prominent Romans want

to destroy Carthage

Carthage is burned and destroyed in 10 days.

Romans salt the land and take the people slaves

Hannibal commits suicide

Rome controls the

Mediterranean

Roman Expansion While you watch the video clip,

complete numbers 13-15 of the Guided Reading Sheet.

The Rise of Rome:Expansion Choose one of the following activities:

Draw a cartoon with at least five frames illustrating the major people and events of the Punic Wars. Include captions and color

Pretend you are either a Roman or Carthaginian soldier at the end of the Third Punic War. Write a letter to a loved one explaining the history of the wars, your role in it, and how you feel about the outcome.

Present to the class.

Rise of Rome Quiz

1. What is the government called when citizens choose representatives?

2. What was Rome’s first code of laws?3. Who was the Carthaginian general?4. Which group of people were great

landowners and part of the ruling class?

5. Romans excelled in all the following except

A. Military MattersB. Practical PoliticsC. Pure DemocracyD. Law

6. True or False: Plebeians gained political power over time and could even be elected as consul.

1. Republic

2. Twelve Tables

3. Hannibal

4. Patricians

5. C. Pure Democracy

6. true

Rise of Rome Quiz Part 2 Honors

7. Who was the Roman General that crossed the Rubicon and declared himself dictator for life?

8. Who became the imperator of Rome while proclaiming to restore the Republic?

9. What was the long period of peace that began with the first emperor called?

From Republic to EmpireEnd of the Republic

Expansion brought riches but led to slave and allied revolts

Read pages 156 and 157.

What happened to Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus? Why?

Describe the new role of the Roman Army.

What did Lucius Cornelius Sulla do?

End of the Republic

Following the Punic Wars as Rome’s territory expanded the stability of the Republic declined Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the first to attempt

reform These wealthy aristocrats tried to help the small

farmer They were both killed by fellow members of the

Senate Generals like Cornelius Sulla set a standard for using

the military to enforce their political power.

From Republic to EmpireEnd of the Republic: Julius Caesar

Great Roman general that conquered Gaul

marched his army across the Rubicon River into Rome.

defeated Pompey and Crassus, the other members of the Triumvirate and declared himself dictator.

Triumvirate= three people with equal power

He was Rome’s first true dictator, or ruler with absolute power that is not a Monarch

March 15, 44 BC he was assassinated in the Senate.

Rome under Julius Caesar

Honors: Caesar’s Funeral

1. Answer questions in the Reading Review.

2. Make a list of two or three words from each document that you do not know and define.

3. What kind of documents are these?

4. Who are the speakers?

5. Who is the audience for each document?

6. What other information do you need to better understand these documents?

From Republic to EmpireEnd of the Republic

The Second Triumvirate plunges Rome into Civil War again!

Octavian = Grandnephew, Antony = Caesar’s Assistant, Lepidus = Commander of Cavalry

Answer the following questions:

Who is Cleopatra? Who became the

first emperor of Rome?

How did he accomplish this?

Cleopatra’s Suicide

From Republic to EmpireRoman Peace (Pax Romana)

Octavian Augustus ruled with absolute power and began the Pax Romana His successors included good and

bad emperors It was a 200 year period of peace

and prosperity to Roman Empire from Euphrates River to Britain. Legions maintained roads and navy

protected seas encouraging free trade

Cultural diffusion: thoughts, customs, and ideas spread throughout the empire.

Roman Emperors See chart in Guided Reading

Caligula was believed to be a little crazy. Legend has it he appointed his horse as consul.

Nero blamed Christians for starting the fire that burned Rome and committed suicide.

Hadrian had a wall built across Britain to keep the citizens safe from the “barbarians” to the north.

Marcus Aurelius is the emperor highlighted in the Gladiator. He was the last emperor or the Pax Romana and was known for his interest in philosophy.

5:1 Answers

1. On the Tiber River that could easily be crossed and had an outlet to the sea, inland so safe from pirates, on seven hills for defense.

2. Etruscans built the city, Toga, organization of the Roman army.

3. Leader of the Republic is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote.

4. The Romans were good diplomats, firm, excellent soldiers and persistent, practical in law.

5. Patricians and Plebeians6. Patricians were great landowners while plebeians were less

wealthy landholders, craftspeople, and farmers.7. The Romans sent an army to Sicily, which Carthage claimed

as part of their empire.8. Carthage, Macedonia, and Greece.

5:2 Answers

1. False: Roman State2. True3. False: 3 people have power4. False: Queen Cleopatra VII5. False: Age of Augustus6. True7. False: 5,000 troops8. False: first four came from his family9. True10. True11. False: Latin

Notebook Check

Rome KWL Page 154 # 1-6 (not 3) Page 162 # 1-6 (not 3) Honors Rise of Rome Notes

Rise of Rome (Land and People, Roman Republic, Citizenship and Society, Roman State, Expansion)

3-2-1, Social Hierarchy, Punic Wars Activity From Republic to Empire (End of Republic, Pax

Romana) 5:1 Quiz 5:1-2 Worksheet Fall of Republic Acrostic