ROMANIAN NORMS IN LINE WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS · ROMANIAN NORMS IN LINE WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS...

prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA

24 June 2009

ROMANIAN NORMS IN LINE WITH

EUROPEAN STANDARDS

FOR

VENTILATION AND AIR

CONDITIONING


24 June 2009

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF

ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS

Mc001/2005

COMPENDIUM FOR THE CALCULATION OF

ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS – 2009 guide

DESIGN, EXECUTION AND MAINTENANCE ’S NORM

OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT

I5/2009


24 June 2009

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF

ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS Mc001/2005

1st PART: THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING ENVELOPE

2nd PART: ENERGY PERFORMANCE FOR DIFFERENT EQUIPMENT:

1. HEATING

2. VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING - EPBD standards

3. WARM TAP WATER PRODUCTION

4. LIGHTING

5. ALTERNATIVE METHODS - NP 047 regulation

3rd PART: ENERGY AUDIT AND CERTIFICATION


24 June 2009

ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS - Quality of one building to

consume energy in order to meet the needs of the normal use of the

building (mainly for: heating, hot water preparation, cooling, ventilation

and lighting).

THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDING is determined

according to a specific calculation methodology and is expressed by

one or more numeric indicators which are calculated by taking into

account the thermal insulation characteristics, the technical

characteristics of the building and its equipments, the operating

conditions inside the building, the exterior climatic factors, the

influence of the neighboring buildings, its own sources of energy

production and other factors that influence the energy necessary.

BUILDING - a set of spaces with well-defined functions, defined by

structured elements that form the building envelope, including the

related equipments and facilities, in which energy is used to provide

thermal comfort indoors.


24 June 2009

II.2 ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

2.1 Terminology, classification of the ventilation and air conditioning

systems

2.2 Symbols and abbreviations

2.3 Calculation of internal temperatures during summer; checking the

thermal comfort parameters; air conditioning opportunity

2.4 Calculation of energy requirements for cooling of buildings – monthly

calculation method

2.5 Calculation of energy requirements for cooling of buildings – hourly

calculation method

2.6 Air flows calculation for mechanical and natural ventilation

2.7 Calculation of energy consumption for the ventilation of buildings

2.8 Calculation of annual energy consumption for the centralized and

decentralized air conditioning systems


24 June 2009

III.2. AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION INSTALLATION (2009 compendium)

III.2.1. General approach

III.2.2. Evaluation of energy consumption for cooling, considering only the

sensible heat; flow charts of the calculation procedures III.2.2.1. Calculation of energy need for cooling, the monthly method, considering only the sensible

heat

III.2.2.2. Annual energy need for cooling

III.2.2.3. Electricity consumption of air conditioning (cooling) systems

III.2.3. Calculation of energy consumption for mechanical ventilation

III.2.3.1 General content and scope III.2.3.2. Calculation of the thermal loads for air treatment

III.2.3.3. Electricity consumption of ventilation systems

III.2.4. Calculation of energy consumption for air conditioning installations

considering the latent and sensible thermal load

III.2.4.1 General content and scope III.2.4.2. Main input and output data of the calculation method

III.2.4.3. Energy consumption for cooling and dehumidification

III.2.4.4. Electricity consumption of auxiliary devices, Qaux

III.2.4.5. Electricity consumption for humidification

III.2.4.6. Electricity consumption of the refrigeration unit

III.2.4.7. Total energy consumption of the air conditioning system

III.2.5. Annual duration of the cooling season


24 iunie 2009

For evaluation from national standards

- climatic data - unpublished

- thermal comfort evaluation criteria

- operative temperature

- calculation temperature of the indoor air for

cooling/air conditioning

- calculation air flows for ventilation (fresh air)

and for air conditioning - I5 NORM

- calculation of the heat flow from internal sources

- conditions for the choice and the sizing of

the installations


24 June 2009

Regulations and EPBD Standards on which is based “Calculation

methodology of the energy efficiency of buildings”:

-DIRECTIVE 2002/91/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE

COUNCIL on the energy performance of buildings

“The residential and tertiary sector, the major part of which is buildings,

accounts for more than 40% of final energy consumption in the Community

and is expanding, a trend which is bound to increase its energy

consumption and hence also its carbon dioxide emissions.”

- Romanian Law 372/2005 concerning the Energy performance of buildings

- EN ISO 13790 Thermal performance of buildings Calculation of energy

use for space heating

CONTENT: Gives calculation methods for assessment of the annual energy use for

space heating and cooling of a residential or a non-residential building, or a part

of it.


24 June 2009

-EN 15241 Ventilation for buildings Calculation methods for energy losses

due to ventilation and infiltration in commercial buildings

-EN 15242 Ventilation for buildings Calculation methods for the

determination of air flow rates in buildings including infiltration

- EN 15255 Energy performance of buildings Sensible room cooling load

calculation General criteria and validation procedures

-EN 13779 Ventilation for non residential buildings – Performance

requirements for ventilation and room conditioning systems

- EN ISO 13792 Thermal performance of buildings Calculation of internal

temperatures of a room in summer without mechanical cooling Simplified

methods

CONTENT: Specifies the required input data for simplified calculation methods for

determining the maximum, average and minimum daily values of the operative

temperature of a room in the warm period.


24 June 2009

Typical meteorological year for calculating energy consumption in

buildings

The meteorological data from the years 1995 – 2005, for all district capitals,

were processed using the method presented in EN ISO 15927-4/2005.

For each weather feature and time unit (one month), the characteristic

distribution functions were constructed throughout the entire considered period

and for each year.

The distances between the global distribution function and the one year

distribution functions were calculated corresponding to a given time unit

(month). This time unit is taken into consideration by giving “notes” to each

candidate month to be the “characteristic month”, in inverse order of the

Filkenstein-Schaffer (FS) statistics value.

3 candidate months having the greatest mean are chosen. A classification was

made between them depending on the wind speed as a secondary

parameter. The characteristic month was chosen so that the dispersion of the

wind velocity values was the closest to the dispersion calculated for that month

with data from of all years.


24 June 2009

The characteristic months are disposed on one evolution curve by smoothing the transition between them using 6 adjacent hours from two neighboring hours.

A simplified method of smoothing with weights was used

Horary meteorological data smoothing, using w=[0.3, 0.4, 0.3]


24 June 2009

Finally, the following parameters of the mean reference characteristic meteorological

year were obtained, for 43 locations of meteorological stations in all the districts

(including Bucharest with 2 stations):

- air temperature [°C];

- relative humidity [%];

- dew point temperature [°C];

- moisture content [g/kg];

- wind speed [m/s].

For meteorological stations Bucharest-Afumati, Constanta, Galati, Iasi, Cluj-Napoca,

Craiova and Timisoara, the reference year has also been built for direct and diffuse

radiation [cal/cm2].

N° Month Day Hour

Air

Temperature

[0C]

Humi

dity

[%]

Dew-point

temperature

[0C]

Humidity

content

[g/kg]

Wind

speed

[m/s]

Direct

radiation

[cal/cm²]

Diffuse

radiation

[cal/cm²]

1 1 1 0 2.3 100 2.3 5.67 4 0 0

2 1 1 1 1.8 100 1.8 5.49 4 0 0

3 1 1 2 1.1 100 1.1 5.23 4 0 0

4 1 1 3 1 99 0.9 5.14 3 0 0

5 1 1 4 0.2 98 -0.1 4.82 3 0 0


24 June 2009

1. General content and scope, general criteria

2. Terminology

3. Ventilation of buildings 3.1 Criteria for achieving ventilation

Indoor air quality

Compliance of ventilated buildings with regulations

3.2 Ventilation systems

4. Air conditioning of buildings

5. General calculation parameters 5.1 Definition of room conditions

5.2 Climatic data

5.2 Thermal load of the building

5.3 Air flow rates for ventilated spaces I5 ‘s content 5.5 Sizing of air ducts

6. General components of ventilation/air conditioning systems

7. General regulations for ventilation/air conditioning equipment

8. Solutions of ventilation/air conditioning for different destinations of buildings

9. Solutions and measures for improoving energy efficiency in ventilation/air conditioning

installations 9.1 Thermal insulation of installations

9.2 Heat recovery and storage and use of renewable sources

10. Execution of ventilation/air conditioning installations

11. putting into operation and reception of ventilation/air conditioning installations

12. Operation, maintenance, revisions and service of ventilation/air conditioning

installations


24 June 2009

European/Romanian standards being reference documents for N I5:2009:

- SR CR 1752:2002 Ventilation for buildings - Design criteria for the indoor

environment

-ISO 7730 :2005 Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Analytical

determination and interpretation of thermal confort using calculation of the PMV

and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria

- SR EN 15251 Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment

of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal

environment, lighting and acoustics

-SR EN ISO 13779 :2005 – Ventilation for non-residential buildings. Performance

requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systems

-SR EN 12599:2002 Ventilation for buildings - Test procedures and measuring

methods for handing over installed ventilation and air conditioning systems

- SR EN 12792:2004 Ventilation for buildings - Symbols, terminology and

graphical symbols


24 June 2009

Compliance of ventilated buildings with regulations

● The compliance of ventilated buildings with the regulations helps to increase

comfort and energy savings; it must be made based on the concept of

integrated design, depending on the destination of the building, its

compactness, its climatic conditions and its location.

● In order to achieve an economic ventilation, the compliance of ventilated

buildings with the regulations aims to:

- Reduce the heat load of the building,

- Achieve as possible a natural ventilation

- Control ventilation and cooling of the building during the night or the summer

- Achieving a balanced circulation of air within the building.

Example: In order to reduce the thermal load of buildings, will be considered:

- A convenient relation between the building’s fingerprint on the ground and its

volume,

- Designing the envelope of the building in order to limit the heating / cooling

loads through: thermal insulation of the opaque and transparent elements of

the envelope, double ventilated envelope, windows having efficient adjustable

sunscreens....


24 June 2009

Indoor air quality

• For rooms where the ambient criteria are determined by the human

presence, indoor air quality will be ensured through the ventilation flow

(fresh air) which is determined according to the destination of the rooms,

the number of occupants and their activities and the of pollutant emissions

of the building (from the construction elements, finishes, furnishings and

the installations).

• For rooms without a specific destination (e.g. storage spaces), the

classification of the air quality and of the ventilation air flow, which may be

introduced from outside or transferred from other rooms, shall be

determined depending on the useful area of the floor.

• For civil and industrial spaces where there are other sources of pollutants

than the building itself and the bio-effluents, the indoor air quality must be

ensured by compliance with the values of the allowed concentration in the

occupied zone. For this purpose, the interior concentration of pollutants

and the ventilation flow rate must be calculated.


24 June 2009

From I5 Norm (ventilation / air conditioning)

In all rooms of a building the indoor air quality must be ensured.

Indoor air quality is ensured through ventilation depending on the

destination of the room, type of pollutant sources and activities taking

place in the room. In particular cases, the air quality can be ensured

through specific methods (active carbon filters, deodorization devices

etc..).

Indoor air quality class Description

IDA 1 High quality indoor air

IDA 2 Average quality indoor air

IDA 3 Moderate quality indoor air

IDA 4 Low quality indoor air


24 June 2009

Thus, for civil buildings in which the main source of pollution are the

human bioefluents, the air quality in rooms where smoking is prohibited, is

classified by the allowed indor concentration of carbon dioxide up to the

exterior concentration beyond the exterior concentration, as displayed in

the Table:

Classes of indoor air quality depending on the concentration of CO2

beyond the exterior concentration (from SR EN 13779).

Classes CO2 level beyond the exterior level, in

ppm

Typical range Value by default

IDA 1 ≤ 400 350

IDA 2 400 – 600 500

IDA 3 600 – 1000 800

IDA 4 ≥ 1000 1200


24 June 2009

From I5 Norm (ventilation / air conditioning) Depending on the pollutant emissions from civil spaces, buildings are classified

in: very low-polluting buildings, low-polluting buildings and polluting buildings.

Low-polluting building; building made of traditional natural materials like

stone, glass, metal or other materials having low emissions. Informatively, the

emissions (TCOV, formaldehyde, ammonia, etc..) are given in Annex C of the

standard SR EN 15251: 2007.

Very low-polluting building; a building made of traditional natural materials

like stone, glass, metal or or other materials having low emissions and where

smoking was and is always prohibited. Informatively, the emissions (TCOV,

formaldehyde, ammonia, etc..) are given in Annex C of the standard SR EN

15251: 2007.

Polluting building; a building which does not correspond to the classes of

very low or low polluting building


24 iunie 2009

Thus, for a room where the ambient criteria are determined by the

human presence the resulting flow is q [l/s]:

q = N qp + A qB

where: N – number of persons,

qp – fresh air flow rate per person, from Table 1,

A – floor surface area,

qB – fresh air flow rate per 1 m2 of floor, from Table 2,

Table 1

Ambient class Percentage of dissatisfied [%]

Flow rate per person [l/s]

Flow rate per person [m3/h]

I 15 10 36

II 20 7 25

III 30 4 15

IV >30 <4 <15


24 iunie 2009

Ambient classes

Flow rate per m2 floor area [l/(s.m2)]

Flow rate per m2 floor area[m3/(h.m2)]

Very low polluting buildings

Low polluting buildings

Others Very low polluting buildings

Low polluting buildings

Others

I 0,5 1 2,0 1,8 3,6 7,2

II 0,35 0,7 1,4 1,26 2,52 5,0

III 0,3 0,4 0,8 1,1 1,44 2,9

IV Larger values than for the class IV


24 June 2009

Ventilation systems, mechanical or natural, must be dimensioned so that the

values of the extracted flows, given Table…, to be completed in average

weather conditions of winter season.

These flows must be provided by the system both simultaneously or separately.

Table… Air flows for ventilation of dwellings

Number of the

main rooms in

the dwelling

Extracted air flows in m3/h

Kitchen Bathroom or

shower with toilet

Other

shower

Toilets

single multiple

1 75 15 - - -

2 90 15 15 15 15

3 105 30 15 15 15

4 120 30 15 30 15

5 or more 135 30 15 30 15


24 June 2009

Number of the main rooms in the dwelling

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Minimum

total flow

rate

[m3/h]

35 60 75 90 105 120 135

Minimum

kitchen flow

rate [m3/h]

20 30 45 45 45 45 45

Minimum total flow rate for ventilation of dwellings


24 June 2009

Type of room or building

Class

Calculation air temperature [0C]

Heating temperature;

clothing 1,0 clo

Cooling temperatre

clothing 0,5 clo

Residential buildings (living

room, bedrooms)

sedentary activity - 1,2 met

I 21,0 – 25,0 23,5 – 25,5

II 20,0 -25,0 23,0 – 26,0

III 18,0 – 25,0 22,0 – 27,0

Residential buildings (other

rooms)

standing, walking - 1,5 met

I 18,0 – 25,0

II 16,0 – 25,0

III 14,0 – 25,0

Individual offices or landscape

type, meeting rooms, cafes,

restaurants, classrooms

sedentary activity - 1,2 met

I 21,0 – 23,0 23,5 – 25,5

II 20,0 – 24,0 23,0 – 26,0

III 19,0 – 25,0 22,0 – 27,0

Nurseries, kindergartens

standing, walking - 1.4 met

I 19,0 – 21,0 22,5 – 24,5

II 17,5 – 22,5 21,5 – 25,5

III 16,5 – 23,5 21,0 – 26,0

Large department stores

standing, walking - 1,6 met

I 17,5 – 20,5 22,0 – 24,0

II 16,0 – 22,0 21,0 – 25,0

III 15,0 – 23,0 20,0 – 26,0

Calculation interior temperature for comfort air conditioning (from SR EN 15251:2007)


24 June 2009

Humidity control is achieved only in buildings where the nature of activity

requires this control (e.g.: museums, laboratories, some special rooms in

hospitals, industrial spaces with different technological processes).

Humidity might also be controlled, at the written request of the beneficiary,

which should indicate that it was notified of the additional energy

consumption that occurs in this case. The design theme will specify

distinctively the rooms in which the humidity control has to be done; these

rooms will be a separate thermal zone, supplied from a dedicated air handling

unit.

For civil buildings where the humidity control is adopted, the recommended

relative humidity of the indoor air is given in Table... Checking the status of

comfort will be done through the calculation of PMV

ROMANIAN NORMS IN LINE WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS · ROMANIAN NORMS IN LINE WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS...

Documents

Transcript of ROMANIAN NORMS IN LINE WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS · ROMANIAN NORMS IN LINE WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS...