By Malissa Quigley

Roman History

Where is Italy?It is a boot-shaped peninsula that extends

south from Europe into the Mediterranean sea

Legend of Rome/Story of Romulus and Remus

Geography

Location:Asia Minor Greeks of Italy, Latins, and EtruscansGovernment:Monarchy: Lucius Tarquinius

The Etruscans

Republic Gov’t in which the people chose their leaders Consuls (2)Administrators had the power to Veto Senate 300 Patricians, made laws elected consulsTribunes Protected the rights of the Plebeians

Roman Gov’t

CorvusMirrorHamilcar BarcaHannibal Barca“I swear as soon as age will permit, I will

follow the Romans both at sea and on land, I will use fire and steel to arrest the destiny of Rome”.

Battle of CannaeBattle of Zama“Let us relieve the Romans of their anxiety

for they are to impatient to wait for an old man to die”.

Punic War

Battle of Cannae

Punic Wars Causes Military Strength

Events Results

First Punic War •Romans

wanted granaries•Control of Mediterranean Sea•Carthage invades Syracuse•Alliances

•Legions – Roman Army•Carthage - Navy

•Navel attack upon Carthage

•Roman’s Army fought hand to hand combat upon ships

•Rome conquers Sicily •Mercenaries revolt against Carthage •Hamilcar Barca

Second Punic War

•Carthaginians wanted control •Revenge •Hannibal “hated” Rome

•Carthage led by Gen Hannibal of Barca •Elephants, catapults and mirrors

•Hannibal crosses Pyrenees and Alps into Rome•Battle of Cannae and Battle of Zama

•Rome gets Spain & Carthages territories

Third Punic War

•Carthage regains power •Rome is threatened

•Rome – Legions & Navy•Rome used fire

•Rome blocked off the city •Rome burnt Carthage and plowed salt int0 ground

•Rome gains Carthage •Rome becomes Mediterranean power

Reformers:Tiberius Gracchus-Tribune and limited the amount of land someone

could own

Gaius Gracchus-Tribune and sell the wheat at a cheaper price

Sulla-Made himself dictator- absolute ruler

Triumvirate-Three people with equal powerWho were the members of the first triumvirate?1. Julius Caesar 2. Crassus 3. Pompeius

Effects of the Conquest

There is no turning back…..Caesar attacks Rome

“Veni, Vidi, Vici”I came, I saw, I conquered…..CaesarCaesar’s Refoms:Increased size of Senate, extended Roman

citizenship, and increased pay for soldiers

Beware of the Ides of March- March 15, 44 B.C.

Caesar was stabbed by Brutus and Cassius“Et tu Brute”: And you, Brutus

“ I have crossed the Rubicon”

Who were the members of the Second Triumvirte?

1. Mark Antony 2. Marcus Lepidus 3. Octavian Caesar

Octavian’s Rise To Power:Lepidus is killed in the desertMark Antony joins with Cleopatra

Battle of Actium: Sea battleOctavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra

Second Triumvirate

“ I have found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble”.

List the reforms of Augustus Caesar:1. complete authority over the military2. select people on their talent than birth3. reorganized the boundaries4. governors long term offices5. ordered a census

AUGUSTUS

Pax Romana- 200 years of Roman peace

Tiberius- reformed taxesCaligula- built aqueductsClaudius- conquered EnglandNero- rebuilt Rome after fireVespasian- brought people from the provinces

into the SenateTrajan- provide low cost loansHadrian- built the wall to keep the Barbarians

out of the EmpireMarcus Aurelius- outstanding military

commander

PAX ROMANA

1. no written rule about who was to inherit the throne upon the emperor’s death

2. gave high wages to the soldiers, which meant higher taxes

3. German tribes invading the empire4. trade declined5. inflation

List five reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire:

Who were the members of the Tarquin family?What was the story of Romulus and Remus?Dictatorship-What are the two social classes in Rome?Republic-Senate-Veto-Praetors-Censors- Legions- Where is Carthage?Latins-

Roman Review Sheets

How did the Roman’s use the corvus?Explain the Second Punic War:What were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus’s reforms?Who were the members of the first triumvirate?Julius Caesar-“Veni, Vidi, Vici”Ides of March-Who were the members of the second triumvirate?What happened at Actium?Explain: “ I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of

marble”.Nero-Hadrian-Pax Romana-

Roman Review Sheets