Roman Civilization

Life in Ancient Rome

Roman Culture

• Greek statues, buildings, and ideas• difference

What was Roman Art Like?

• Greek style statues• Greek style porches and rows of columns

– Adding arches and domes• Roman firsts

– Make full use of the arch– concrete

• Colosseum• Parthenon

Aqueducts and buildings

Roman Literature

• Based mostly on Greek writings• Virgil• Horace • Ovid• Catullus• Seneca • Plautus and Terence

Roman Science and Engineering

• Galen• Ptolemy• Roads• Aqueducts

Volcanic ash , lime, and water

Daily Life in Rome

• Rome – 1 of largest cities in world• Forum• Wealthy – houses• Poor – apartment

buildings• Bread and circuses

How was the Forum important to the ancient Romans?

List some pros and cons of holding sports figures up as

heroes and the responsibilities that

major sports figures have to the public.

What was Family Life like?

• Large families• Father – head

– paterfamilias• Becoming a man

Women in Rome• Some rights• Not full citizens• Freedoms• Couldn’t sit with men• Empress Livia

Treatment of Enslaved People

• Grew with conquered lands• 40% by 100 B.C.• Jobs• Greeks• Life• Revolt• Spartacus

Roman Religion

• Gods and goddesses• Roman emperors• Altars • Philosophy

Review

1. What were some of Ptolemy’s scientific achievements?

2. How were the Roman and Greek religions similar?

3. Explain the importance of the language of the Romans.

4. Describe the education of Roman children.

Greek Art Roman Art

Greek Architecture Roman Architecture

Greek Art Roman Art

Sculptors tried to show an ideal image.

Sculptors made realistic statues.

Greek Architecture Roman Architecture

Used porches and colonnadesBorrowed Greek styles; used the arch, vault, dome, and concrete

The Fall of Rome

The Decline of Rome

• Marcus Aurelius• Commodus• Severans

Political and Social Problems

• 22 different emperors• Corruption• Talented people

refused to serve in gov’t

• Fewer – honoring the old ideals

of duty, courage, and honesty.

– Attending schools

• Large # enslaved

Economic and Military Problems

• Grew less crops• Businesses closed• Leave jobs and serve

in army• Plague• Inflation

• Law and order broke down

• Roman soldiers and invaders seized crops and destroyed fields.

Inflation

• Less gold in coins• Make extra coins• Pay for more things• People find out.• Barter

Write a journal entry describing life in a Roman city during the 200s A.D.

(React to at least one of the political, social, economic, and military problems that

led to disorder and decline.)

How do the social, economic, and political

problems of Ancient Rome compare to the current problems in the USA?

Invasion

• Germanic tribes – W• Persian – E• Couldn’t enlist and pay Roman soldiers• Used Germanic warriors – not loyal

Diocletian’s Reforms

• AD 284 – emperor• Reforms• Divided empire into 4 parts• Set prices of goods• Workers

Constantine

• Emperor – AD 312• Orders• Byzantium• Hippodrome• Constantinople

Empire after Constantine• Theodosius• Western and Eastern Roman Empire

Invasion of Rome

• Germanic groups• Huns• Visigoths• Battle of Adrianople

Visigoths invading RomeWhat leader did the Visigoths overthrow to take control of Rome?

More Germanic tribes

• Rhine River froze• Alaric• Rome’s capture• Vandals• Vandalism

The fall of Rome

• Odoacer• Romulus Augustulus• Theodoric• Western Roman Empire fades• Byzantine Empire

The Legacy of Rome

• Language• Ideas about gov’t• USA system of laws• Buildings• Peace and order allowed Christian religion

to spread.

Roman Ideas and Government Today

• 1st written laws (Twelve Tables)• All people are equal under the law.• Judges decide fairly.• Innocent till proven guilty• Republic made of equal citizens is best

form of gov’t.• Republic works best if citizens do their

duty, participate in gov’t, and work to make their society even better.

First Twenty Roman Numerals

I = 1

II = 2

III = 3

IV = 4

V = 5

VI = 6

VII = 7

VIII = 8

IX = 9

X = 10

XI = 11

XII = 12

XIII = 13

XIV = 14

XV = 15

XVI = 16

XVII = 17

XVIII = 18

XIX = 19

XX = 20

Numerals by 10’s

X = 10

XX = 20

XXX = 30

XL = 40

L = 50

•LX = 60

•LXX = 70

•LXXX = 80

•XC = 90

•C = 100

Numerals by 100’s

C = 100

CC = 200

CCC = 300

CD = 400

C = 500

•DC = 600

•DCC = 700

•DCCC = 800

•CM = 900

•M = 1,000

“My Dear Cousin Loves eXtra Vitamins”:

Roman

Numeral:Translated:

My M 1,000

Dear D 500

Cousin C 100

Loves L 50

eXtra X 10

Vitamins V 5

Tricky Numbers

You would think that the Roman Numeral for 4 would be IIII.

But, it is IV.

When a smaller number is in front of a larger number such as IV you subtract only those numbers.

I-V=

5-1=

4

Tricky Numbers

IX=

10-1=

9

XIX=

10+10-

1=

19

XLIV=

50-10+5-

1=

44

XCIX=

100-10+10-

1

99

Translating

What is the Roman numeral translation for CMIV?

For this you have to add the numbers.

CM+IV=

900+4=

904

Translating

What is the translation for MCDLXXX?

First break apart and add.

M+CD+LXXX=

1000+400+80=

1480

Question:

What is the translation for CLIV?A. 1515

B. 154

C. 2525

D. 254

Question:

What is the translation for CDXX?A. 1520

B. 150

C. 520

D. 420

Influence on Culture• Latin alphabet• Latin phrases used by doctors, scientists,

and lawyers.• Literature: Virgil, Horace, Livy, and Tactius• Buildings• Concrete• Architectural styles

Christianity

• 1 of major religions in the world• Adopted Christianity in 300s• Helped it grow and spread

Review

1. What social problems helped cause the empire’s decline?

2. Why did the Roman government use Germanic warriors in its army?

3. How did inflation affect Rome?

4. Who were the Visigoths, and how did they contribute to the fall of the empire?

5. Give examples of Roman ideas in language and architecture that exist today.

Write a paragraph discussing whether or not you agree with the following statement: The United

States owes more to Roman culture than to any other

civilization that has ever existed. (Support your answer with reasons and evidence

from the text, power point, or discussion.)

Roman Legacies

Roman Legacies

Rule of law

Christianity

Roman architectural

styles

languages

The Byzantine Empire

Rise of the Byzantines

• Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire• 500s – high point• Italy – west• Egypt – south• Arabia – east

Importance of Constantinople

• Capital of Byzantine Empire• 1 of world’s greatest cities• Location• Trade routes

Influence of Greek Culture

• 1st followed Roman ways• “New Rome”• Honored Greek past• Egyptians and Slavs• Persians• 500 – 1200 AD = 1 of the world’s richest

and most advanced empires

1. Located in eastern Mediterranean only

2. Spain, North Africa

Emperor Justinian

• 527 A.D. – 565 A.D.• Policies made empire

strong• Strong leader• Controlled military,

made laws, and was supreme judge

• Theodora

Read the following information and write at least five things you might

reflect on as you read this information.

In A.D. 532 Theodora helped save Justinian’s throne. Angry taxpayers threatened to

overthrow Justinian and stormed the palace. Justinian’s advisers urged him to leave

Constantinople. Theodora, however, told him to stay and fight. Justinian took Theodora’s

advice. He stayed in the city and crushed the uprising.

Justinian’s Conquests

• General Belisarius

• Controlled most of Italy, northern Africa, and Persia

Justinian’s Law Code

• Tribonian• Justinian Code

Byzantine Civilization• Lasted 1,000 years• Constantinople –

largest/richest city in

Europe• Highly educated and

creative• Gave a new methods

in arts• Spread Christianity

to people in Eastern Europe

Importance of Trade

• Center of trade between Europe and Asia• Asia – spices, gems, metals, and cloth• Merchants – furs, farm goods, honey, and

enslaved people• Very Rich

Byzantine Art and Architecture

• Hagia Sophia• Mosaics

Byzantine Women

• Family – center of social life• Importance of marriage and family• Divorces• Regent

Byzantine Education

• Learning – highly respected• Gov’t supported • Boys• Tutors• Girls • Authors

Review1. What is a mosaic, and where were mosaics

found in the Byzantine Empire?

2. How did silk weaving develop in the Byzantine Empire?

3. What were some of the trade items that were exchanged between merchants in Constantinople?

4. Why were divorces difficult to get in the Byzantine Empire?

5. What important service did Byzantine writers provide to the rest of the world?

Which civilization do you think was the most

advanced --- that of the Greeks, the Romans, or the

Byzantines? Why?