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![Page 1: ROM Read Only Memory “…computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b39937/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ROM
• Read Only Memory
• “…computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read.
-Webopedia
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Hard disk
• “This is large-capacity permanent storage used to hold information such as programs and documents.”
-Tyson. How PCs Work.
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Sound Card
• “This is used by the computer to record and play audio by converting analog sound into digital information and back again.”
-Tyson. How PCs work.
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Mouse
• “A device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on a display screen…”
-Tyson. How PCs work.
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Scanner
• “A device that reads data and inputs it to the computer…”
-Wilson.
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Ports
• Slots or spaces “on the outside of a computer to attach external devices such as printers, scanners, tape backup drives, removable CD-ROM or floppy-disk drives.”
-Wilson.
• Ethernet
• USB
• Serial
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LAN
• Local Area Network– Network covering a small geographic area
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GUI
Graphical User Interface
Icon-based command system
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ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Standard allows for transfer of information between different systems
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Binary
• “Computers are based on the binary numbering system, which consists of just two unique numbers, 0 and 1.”
-Webopedia
• All digital data is encoded in the binary system so that it can be processed by computers. Everything is represented in strings of 0s and 1s.
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Unicode
• More complex than ASCII
http://webopedia.com/TERM/U/Unicode.html
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cache
• Temporary storage of data that might be accessed again.
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CPU
• Central Processing Unit
• Main part of a computer
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Operating System
• Software that allows the operation of the computer and other applications
• What is the latest OS from Microsoft?
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PC
• Personal Computer
• Individual computer or workstation
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Graphics Card
• Converts video data to display on the monitor
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Network Card
• Enables connections to external networks
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Server
• Large computers that serve software and data to smaller client PCs.
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Desktop v. Laptop
• Desktop– Keyboard– CPU– Disk drives– Monitor
• Laptop– Single portable unit with battery
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Hardware
• Physical components– Casing– Motherboard– Cards– Chips– Drives– Mouse– Printer
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Software
• OS
• Applications• Web Browser• Word Processing• Email etc.• ILS – Integrated Library System
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Hard Disk
• Long-term storage of applications (software) and files (data)
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DVD
Digital Video Disc
Stores images, video and text
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Server Backups
• Daily or regular backups to magnetic tape
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Network Drives
• Shared drives accessed from numerous PCs on a single network
• G, H, I, J, K, S, W, Z
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Monitor Technology
• CRT– Cathode Ray Tube
• LCD– Liquid Crystal Display
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Screen Resolution
• The number of pixels on a monitor– 1024 X 768 means 1,024 pixels on 768 lines
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Pixels
• Picture Element
• Dots or points
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Peripherals
• Digital camera
• PDA – personal digital assistant
• FAX – facsimile
• Barcode scanner
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WAN
• Wide Area Network– Network covering a wide area network
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Wireless
• Technology provides flexibility and mobility to staff
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Client-Server
• Large servers serve up applications and files to smaller PC clients
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Internet
• Largest network in the world – global network of networks
• Uses standard protocols for information exchange– HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol– FTP – File Transfer Protocol– SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol– TCP/IP – Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol
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Internet in Libraries
• How has the Internet affected libraries?