Rolling Cutter Bits
Transcript of Rolling Cutter Bits
![Page 1: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 1/50
1
PETE 411Well Drilling
Lesson 8
Rolling Cutter Bits
![Page 2: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 2/50
2
Notice
Some seniors have not submitted their
"Student Internship Report". PETE 300.
Look for the list.
The requirement is on the web. See
department homepage
![Page 3: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 3/50
3
Lesson 8 - Bits cont’d
Rolling Cutter Bits
• Steel Tooth (milled tooth)
• Carbide Tooth (tungsten carbide insert)
Grading of Worn Bits
Bit Performance
Buoyancy
![Page 4: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 4/50
4
Read:
Applied Drilling Engineering, Ch.5
(bits)
HW #4:
ADE 1.18. 1.19, 1.24Due Monday, Sept. 23, 2002
![Page 5: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 5/50
5
Tungsten
Carbide Insert
Bit
Milled
Tooth
Bit
![Page 6: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 6/50
6
![Page 7: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 7/50
7
Rotary Drill Bits
Rol ler Cutter B its - rock b i ts
First rock bit introduced in 1909 by
Howard Hughes
• 2 - cone bit
• Not self-cleaning
![Page 8: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 8/50
8
Rotary Drill Bits
• Improvements • 3 - cone bit (straighter hole)
• Intermeshing teeth (better cleaning)
• Hard-facing on teeth and body
• Change from water courses to jets
• Tungsten carbide inserts
• Sealed bearings
• Journal bearings
![Page 9: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 9/50
9
Rotary Drill Bits
• Advantages
• For any type of formation there is a
suitable design of rock bit
• Can handle changes in formation
• Acceptable life and drilling rate
• Reasonable cost
![Page 10: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 10/50
10Fluid flow through water courses in bit
Proper
bottomhole
cleaning is veryimportant
![Page 11: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 11/50
11Fluid flow through jets in the bit (nozzles)
![Page 12: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 12/50
12
Rotary Drill Bits
Mil led Too th B it (Steel Too th )
Long teeth for soft formations
Shorter teeth for harder formations Cone off-set in soft-formation bit results in
scraping gouging action
Self-sharpening teeth by using hardfacing
on one side
High drilling rates - especially in softer
rocks
![Page 13: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 13/50
13
Mil led
Too th B i t(Steel
Tooth)
![Page 14: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 14/50
14
Rotary Bits
Tungsten Carbide Insert B i ts
• Long life cutting structure in hard rocks
• Hemispherical inserts for very hard rocks
• Larger and more pointed inserts for softer rock
• Can handle high bit weights and high RPM
• Inserts fail through breakage rather than wear
(Tungsten carbide is a very hard, brittle material)
![Page 15: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 15/50
15
Tungsten
Carbide
InsertBi ts
![Page 16: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 16/50
16
Sealed Bearing
Lubrication System
![Page 17: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 17/50
17
Sealed, self-lubricated roller bit
journal bearing
design details
INSERTS
SILVER PLATED BUSHING
RADIAL SEAL
BALL BEARING
GREASE RESERVOIR CAP
BALL RETAINING
PLUG
BALL RACE
![Page 18: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 18/50
18
RollerCone
Bear ings
![Page 19: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 19/50
19
Bearings
Ball Bearings (point contact)
Roller Bearings (line contact)
Journal bearing (area contact)
Lubrication by drilling fluid . . . or . . .
![Page 20: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 20/50
20
Bearings
Journal Bear ings (area contact)
• Wear-resistant hard surface on journal
• Solid lubricant inside cone journal race
• O - ring seal
• Grease
• Sealed Bearings (s ince 1959) • Grease lubricant (much longer life)
• Pressure surges can cause seal to leak!
Compensate?
![Page 21: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 21/50
21
Grading of Dull Bits
How do bits wear out?
Tooth wear or loss
Worn bearings
Gauge wear
![Page 22: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 22/50
22
Grading of Dull BitsHow do bits wear out?
Steel teeth - graded in eights of original
tooth height that has worn away
e.g. T3 means that
3/8 of the original
tooth height is wornaway
![Page 23: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 23/50
23
Grading of Dull Bits
Broken or Lost Teeth
• Tungs ten Carb ide Insert b it
e.g. T3 means that 3/8 of the inserts
are broken or lost
![Page 24: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 24/50
24
Grading of Dull Bits
How do bits fail?
• Bearings: B3 means that an estimated
3/8 of the bearing life is gone
Balled up BitCracked Cone
![Page 25: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 25/50
25
Grading of Dull Bits
How do bits fail?
Washed out Bit Lost Cone
![Page 26: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 26/50
26
Grading of Dull Bits
How do bits wear out?
Examples:
• T3 – B3 - I
• T5 – B4 - 0 1/2
Gauge Wear:
• Bit is either in-Gauge or out-of-Gauge
• Measure wear on diameter (in inches),using a gauge ring
BIT
GAUGE RING
![Page 27: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 27/50
27
IADC ROLLER CONE
BIT CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
![Page 28: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 28/50
28
IADC System
Operational since 1972
Provides a Method of Categorizing Roller
Cone Rock Bits
Design and Application related coding
Most Recent Revision
„The IADC Roller Bit Classification System‟
1992, IADC/SPE Drilling Conference
Paper # 23937
![Page 29: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 29/50
29
IADC Classification
4-Character Design/Application Code
First 3 Characters are NUMERIC
4th Character is ALPHABETIC
135M or 447X or 637Y
![Page 30: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 30/50
31
Sequence
Numeric Characters are defined:
Series 1st
Type 2 nd
Bearing & Gage 3rd
Alphabetic Character defined: Features Available 4th
135M or 447X or 637Y
![Page 31: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 31/50
![Page 32: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 32/50
33
Define Hardness
Hardness UCS (psi) Examples
Ultra Soft < 1,000 gumbo, clay
Very Soft 1,000 - 4,000
unconsolidated sands, chalk,
salt, claystone
Soft 4,000 - 8,000 coal, siltstone, schist, sands
Medium 8,000 - 17,000sandstone, slate, shale,
limestone, dolomite
Hard 17,000 - 27,000 quartzite, basalt, gabbro,limestone, dolomite
Very Hard > 27,000 marble, granite, gneiss
UCS = Uniaxial Unconfined Compressive Strength
![Page 33: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 33/50
34
Type
SECOND CHARACTER
Degree of Hardness
Each Series divided into 3 or 4 „Types‟
Type 1 Softest Formation in a Series
Type 4 Hardest Formation in a Series
Increasing Rock Hardness
135M or 447X or 637Y
![Page 34: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 34/50
35
Bearing & Gage
THIRD CHARACTER
Bearing Design and Gage Protection
Seven (7) Categories1. Non-Sealed (Open) Roller Bearing
2. Roller Bearing Air Cooled
3. Non-Sealed (Open) Roller Bearing Gage Protected
4. Sealed Roller Bearing5. Sealed Roller Bearing Gage Protected
6. Sealed Friction Bearing
7. Sealed Friction Bearing Gage Protected
135M or 447X or 637 Y
![Page 35: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 35/50
36
Features Available
FOURTH CHARACTER
Features Available (Optional)
Sixteen (16) Alphabetic Characters
Most Significant Feature Listed(i.e. only one alphabetic character should be selected).
135M or 447X or 637 Y
![Page 36: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 36/50
37
IADC Features Available
A - Air Application B - Special Bearing/Seal
C - Center Jet
D - Deviation Control
E - Extended Nozzles
G - Gage/Body Protection
H - Horizontal Application
J - Jet Deflection
L - Lug Pads M - Motor Application
S - Standard Milled
Tooth
T - Two-Cone Bit W - Enhanced C/S
X - Chisel Tooth Insert
Y - Conical Tooth Insert
Z - Other Shape Inserts
135M or 447X or 637 Y
![Page 37: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 37/50
38
Categorization - Summary
Convenient Categorization System
Design and Application Code
Know its Limitations
Use Carefully in Application Decisions
Consider other sources: offset bit records;
dull grading; performance analysis.
![Page 38: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 38/50
39
![Page 39: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 39/50
40
A “D” in front signifies
a diamond bit
D1 - D5 signifies a
natural diamond or
PDC bit
D7 - D9 signifies a
natural diamond or
PDC core bit
![Page 40: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 40/50
41
How to Improve Bit Performance
1. Stabilize the bit2. Maintain minimum mud weight, sand and
solids
3. Maintain adequate bottom hole cleaning4. Protect the seals - avoid pressure surges
5. Thoroughly inspect bit before re-running
6. Keep oil from the mud, and from the seals
7. Follow manufacturers recommendations
(e.g. 6,000 lb/in of diameter and 40-60 RPM)
![Page 41: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 41/50
42
![Page 42: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 42/50
43
Buoyancy
Archimedes‟ Principle:
“The upthrust (buoyancy force)experienced by a submerged body is equal
to the weight of fluid displaced.”
![Page 43: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 43/50
44How would you prove this? What is “buoyancy”?
Buoyancy Force (B)
![Page 44: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 44/50
45
Buoyancy Force (B)
B = Wt. Of fluid displaced
(i)
Solid
(ii)
Hollow
(iii)
Hollow but closed atBottom
LD4
V 2
1
B1 = Vol.*Density
f
2
1 LD4
B
f
2
1
2
22 L)DD(4
B
LD4
V 2
23
f 22
3 LD4
B
L D DV )(4
2
1
2
22
Note: L=Length of submerged section
![Page 45: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 45/50
46
Buoyancy Force
Example: Case 1 (Solid Cylinder)
D = 7 in
L = 12,000 ft
= 14.5 #/gal
Calculate Buoyancy Force
![Page 46: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 46/50
47
Buoyancy Force
Solution: B1 = Weight of fluid displaced
= Volume of cyl * density of mud
=
LD4
2
gal
lb
in
gal
f t
in
f t in B
5.14
23112*000,1274 3
22
1
B1= 347,860 lbf
![Page 47: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 47/50
48
Alternate Solution
Hydrostatic pressure at bottom:
PB= 0.052 * 14.5 * 12,000 = 9,048 psig
Cross-sectional area = 222 in486.38)7(
4D
4
221 in*in
lb486.38*048,9area*pressureforceB
B1 = 348,210 lbf B1= 347,860 lbf (?)
![Page 48: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 48/50
![Page 49: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 49/50
![Page 50: Rolling Cutter Bits](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022021401/577cd5b61a28ab9e789b7314/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
8/13/2019 Rolling Cutter Bits
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rolling-cutter-bits 50/50
Buoyancy force
= Volume of mud displaced
* mud density
= Weight of fluid displaced
Alternatively:
Buoyancy Force
2511223344PA-PA-PA-PAPAB