“Rolling back” IPOPCORM Monograph Population and the ...

IPOPCORM Monograph

“Rolling back”

the Process of

Overfishing:

IPOPCORM

Approach

Local

Government and

NGO Partners

IPOPCORM Monograph Series No. 2

“Managing our families and

coastal resources for food security”

Integrated Population and

Coastal Resource Management (IPOPCORM)

Initiative

PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc.

September 2007

This publication was made possible through support to the Integrated Population and Coastal Resource Management (IPOPCORM) Initiative by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation under the grant number 2004-26591. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Packard Foundation. Copyright © 2007 PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc. All rights reserved. The material in this document may be freely used for education or noncommercial purposes, provided that the material is accompanied by an acknowledgement line.

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements i

Foreword iii I. Introduction 1 II. “Rolling back” Fishing Effort: Integrating Reproductive 3 Health/Family Planning into Coastal Resource Management (CRM) Interventions

A. Community-Based Mangrove Forestry Management Strategy 3

B. Community-Based Marine Protected Area Management Strategy 7 III. Case Histories 11

A. Ensuring Community’s Developmental Sustainability 11 and Food Security Through Community Members’ Initiative:

The Case of Boyoan Mangrove Association in Candijay, Bohol

B. Linking Community-based Coastal Resource Management to 15 Population and Health in Candijay Bohol

C. Finding balance between coastal ecosystem health and 18 human well-being: The Culion, Palawan Experience

References 23 Annex 1 The Community-Based Forest Management Agreement 25 between the DENR and the Boyoan Mangrove Planters Association Annex 2 Example of a Community-Based Mangrove Forest 31 Management (CBMFM) Annual Work Plan with Population

Management (RH/FP) Strategy Annex 3 Example of a Marine Protected Area Management Plan 34

with Population Management (RH/FP) Strategy

Acknowledgments This monograph series represents the collective effort of many individuals and organizations. To all of them, PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc. (PFPI) would like to express its deepest gratitude. PFPI acknowledges the contribution, cooperation and support to the IPOPCORM Initiative of the local government units (LGU), implementing local NGO partners and their community health outreach workers, community volunteers, Peoples Organizations, coastal communities and the donor organizations namely The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Deep appreciation also goes to Dr. Angel C. Alcala and Ms. Leona D’Agnes for providing general technical corrections and editing. Finally, PFPI is grateful to The David and Lucile Packard Foundation for providing the ultimate support to complete this monograph series.

i

Foreword The positive correlation between overpopulation and coastal resource depletion has been quite obvious for some time in the Philippines. We think that both issues (overpopulation and resource depletion) have to be addressed simultaneously and their cause and effect relationships explored. Thus, it has become necessary that the management of human populations and the practices in coastal/marine resource management be considered in an integrated manner. We believe that the Integrated Population and Coastal Resource Management (IPOPCORM) Initiative of PATH Foundations Philippines Inc. is the approach that will achieve the desired goal of balanced and sustainable development in coastal populations. The foregoing view is by no means subscribed to by all sectors of Philippine society, and is to a certain extent disputed by certain quarters. But we have good evidence that the most affected communities, namely, the fisher communities, are in agreement with our view. Two or three years ago, we had the opportunity to work with poor fisher communities who confirmed that one of the primary causes of their dwindling fish catches was that too many fishers were searching for too few fish. Certainly, available statistical data would show a positive correlation between depleted fishery stocks and low fish biomass on the one hand and overpopulation on the other. Empirical evidence has been accumulating showing that in coastal areas of the country fish biomass has declined by as much as 90-95% of that at the turn of the 20th century. The factors responsible for this decline are the subject of most of the papers in one section of the recently published book in 2004, In Turbulent Seas: The Status of Marine Fisheries. The PATH Foundation presents the documentation of its integrated program, IPOPCORM, in four monographs. The program was implemented in 12 focal areas in 33 municipalities in the provinces of Palawan, Bohol, Siquijor, Cebu, Negros Oriental, Camiguin, Surigao del Sur and Tawi-Tawi, the Philippines in 2000-2006. IPOPCORM Monograph Series No. 1 contains the Overview, Key Lessons and Challenges. This volume presents the background and baseline materials on population and fisheries, the indicators and the accomplishments based on indicators such as number of family planning acceptors, contraceptive prevalence, decrease in fertility rates, management of new and old marine protected areas with improved management, and the possibilities for future expansion beyond the areas and regions already covered as well as the impact of the initiative on food security and biodiversity conservation.

iii

Monograph Series No. 2 takes off from the classic paper of Dr. Daniel Pauly, the famous fishery scientist, who, as early as 1994, had advocated the “roll-back” of over-fishing as a key strategy in population management. This volume presents three case studies in the Bohol and Palawan areas to illustrate the integration of reproductive health and family planning into resource management of coastal ecosystems (mangroves, coral reefs, etc.) as examples of how the prevalent practice of over-fishing and its causes, or consequences on population, may be addressed. Monograph Series No. 3 affirms what is widely accepted successful development strategy for developing countries: participation and deep involvement of local government units, local communities, and local groups to bring about fundamental changes in attitudes and behavior that are needed for adoption of new practices and new technologies to improve the quality of human life. Six cases are presented to show the importance of local participation for sustainability of the interventions that address overpopulation and overexploitation. Monograph Series No. 4 presents information and data from IPOPCORM’s ongoing operations research and program monitoring systems showing integrated approaches to population and coastal management can generate added value and synergies that are not found in projects that only work within a single sector. It is our hope that the lessons learned from PATH Foundation, Inc. IPOPCORM Initiative will find application throughout the Philippines.

Angel C. Alcala, Ph.D. President PATH Foundation Philippines Inc. Makati City, Philippines

iv

“Rolling back” the Process of Overfishing: IPOPCORM Approach


1

I. I. I. I. IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction Pressure on coastal and marine ecosystems is mounting as global population and consumption of food fish and other aquatic resources continues to rise. Fifty-eight percent of the world’s reefs are threatened by human activities [1], with an estimated 88% of South East Asia’s reefs in peril due to overfishing and destructive fishing practices [2]. Other threats are caused by activities on land such as deforestation, unsustainable agricultural practices, and unplanned coastal development. In 1994, Dr. Daniel Pauly published his paper, From growth to Malthusian overfishing: Stages of fisheries resource misuse, which proposed three ‘levers’ to roll-back the process of overfishing in tropical developing countries such as the Philippines [3]. These include support to women’s access to safe, cheap and efficient contraception; alternative, land-based employment option for fishers (especially the young); and fisheries that run in decentralized, participatory fashion (‘traditional’ management mechanisms). He also advances that the third strategy in mitigating overfishing should be complemented with gear restrictions and establishment of sanctuaries, as exemplified in Alcala and Russ [4]. Five years later, the Philippine government released its ICM framework for food security which advocates for population management as one of the strategic interventions for reducing fishing effort to sustainable levels [5]. By strengthening family planning programs in coastal communities, population pressure on coastal resources can be reduced to a more sustainable level. In 2001, PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc. (PFPI) adopted the strategies put forward by these publications though the Integrated Population and Coastal Resources Management (IPOPCORM) Initiative. IPOPCORM aims to improve the quality of life of human communities that depend upon coastal resources, while maintaining biological diversity and productivity of coastal ecosystems.



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Several tools and strategies required to protect and manage the coastal resources already exist and many fisheries management mechanisms have been tested across the Philippines. IPOPCORM capitalized on two widely recognized management strategies in the country: the mangrove forest reserve, through the tenurial instrument called Community-based Mangrove Forest Management Agreement (CBMFMA), and the establishments of marine protected areas (also known as marine reserves, marine parks, marine sanctuary, or fish sanctuary).

In partnership with local environmental and community development NGOs, local government units and community-based/people’s organizations, the IPOPCORM project has successfully integrated reproductive health/family planning initiative in two fisheries and coastal resources management strategies as described below.



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II. II. II. II. “Rolling back” Fishing Effort: Integrating Reproductive “Rolling back” Fishing Effort: Integrating Reproductive “Rolling back” Fishing Effort: Integrating Reproductive “Rolling back” Fishing Effort: Integrating Reproductive Health/Family Planning (RH/FP) into Coastal Resource Health/Family Planning (RH/FP) into Coastal Resource Health/Family Planning (RH/FP) into Coastal Resource Health/Family Planning (RH/FP) into Coastal Resource

Management (CRM) InterventionsManagement (CRM) InterventionsManagement (CRM) InterventionsManagement (CRM) Interventions A. Community-Based Mangrove Forestry Management Strategy Mangroves occur on tidal flats bordering coastal areas and along the mouths of rivers where water is brackish. They are highly adapted to sea water and have unique characteristics and growth habits that allow them to survive in harsh environments [6]. Mangroves are evergreen trees and shrubs that have breathing roots (pneumatophores) that emerge from the oxygen-deficient mud to absorb oxygen which helps them to adapt to their salty and swampy habitat. Mangrove forests and "swamps" are important as spawning grounds and nurseries for marine and freshwater species. Mangroves also help prevent and reduce coastal erosion and storm damage, as seen in the aftermath of the 2004 tsunami in southeast Asia [7]. The Philippines is rich in mangrove forest covering an area of approximately 450,000 hectares in 1918 [8]. By 1995, only about 117,700 hectares of the country’s mangrove forest were recorded – with over 70% reductions in nearly eight decades [9]. This loss is largely attributed to the conversion of mangroves to fishponds from 1951 to 1988 to support the increasing human population (Figure 1) [10]. Other factors which contributed to this decline may be traced to over-exploitation by coastal dwellers for fuel wood and home construction, conversion of mangrove stands to salt ponds and for agriculture, industry or settlements.



4

Figure 1. Changes in Philippine population, mangrove area and population pressure on mangroves, 1918-1995 (Source: Primavera [10]).

The Philippine government through Executive Order 263 establishes Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) as the national strategy designed to ensure sustainable development of the country’s forestlands (including mangrove forest) and to achieve social justice. The program’s Community-Based Mangrove Forest Management Agreement (CBMFMA) is a tenurial instrument and production-sharing agreement entered into between a community and the government to develop, utilize, manage, and conserve a specific portion of forestland consistent with the principles of sustainable development and pursuant to an approved Community Resource Management Framework (CRMF) Plan. CBMFMA is issued only to people’s organizations or similar organizations and specifically to those who have lived and traditionally used the forest areas and whose lands have been included or accepted into the CBFM program. The CBMFMA as a land tenure is good for 25 years renewable for another 25 years. See Annex 1 for an example of the Agreement. The CBMFM program promotes a development, people- and service-oriented approach in mangrove forest management through community empowerment, “to put people first so that sustainable mangrove forest management will follow” [11]. CBMFM believes that when communities in and adjacent to mangrove forests commit themselves to being responsible stewards, mangrove forest management will be effective and sustainable.



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Objectives of CBMFM

• Identify, train, and orient traditional mangrove users and other dependents of coastal resources in effective community-based management

• Preserve the remaining mangrove forests through an effective protection and management scheme

• Provide access and economic opportunities to organized coastal communities so that they will benefit from mangrove resources

• Empower coastal communities by assisting them to organize and manage the coastal resources

• Gradually transfer the protection and management of mangrove forests from DENR to organized communities with the assistance of NGOs and DENR

• Promote non-forest-based and non-invasive sea farming livelihood schemes in coastal areas

• Accelerate rehabilitation of open and denuded mangrove areas through reforestation, assisted natural regeneration, enrichment planting and other schemes

• Expand and develop exiting mangrove forests to provided for the increasing demand for mangrove products and sustain the production of goods and services derived from mangrove resources

Vision of CBMFM

• For mangrove forest to be managed, developed, and conserved sustainably

• For an organized coastal community to stand on its own as a resource manager, protector and developer of the mangrove forests for their sustainable benefits

• For coastal communities to improve their socio-economic condition



6

Benefits of a CBMFMA

• Security of tenure on the use of mangrove resources • Training on mangrove-based and related livelihood activities • Enhanced skills on mangrove rehabilitation and conservation • Leadership skills on community building, resource management

and income generation • Improved environmental and socio-economic conditions (due to

possible livelihood activities that may be conducted with in the CBMFA areas)

Additional Benefits of a CBMFM holder

• Exemption from paying rent for use of the area • Exemption from paying forest charges on timber and non-timber

products harvested from plantations • Consulted on all government projects to be implemented in the

area • Preferential access by the DENR to available assistance • Receives all income and proceeds from the use of forest resources

within the area • Enter into agreements or contacts

Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources [12]



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PATH Foundation has established and strengthened, through the Integrated Population and Coastal Resource Management (IPOPCORM) Initiative, a total of 26 mangrove reserves covering 22.70 km2. These reserves are distributed in the provinces of Palawan (1), Siquijor (7), and Bohol (13). Integration of reproductive health and family planning (RH/FP) initiatives were done through the involvement of People’s Organization (PO) members in various RH/FP activities where the members are either peer educators (PEs) or community-based distributors (CBDs) and while other members are family planning acceptors as well. Participation of women and youth and FP acceptors in management of mangrove resources was also encouraged. POs are integral part in the implementation of IPOPCORM activities in the target municipalities. In the next section, the case of Boyoan Mangrove Association (BOMA) in Candijay, Bohol and the experience of Pampamayanang Pamamahala ng Kabakawan ng Galoc, Inc. (PPKGAI; Community-based Mangrove Management of Galoc, Inc) in Culion, Palawan are presented.

Remarkably in BOMA, Panadtaran Mangrove Association (PAMAS), and other POs in Bohol, the leadership has instituted a Reproductive Health Committee in their organizational structure which is tasked to implement all RH/FP activities and reports to the PO Management Committee the status and progress of activities specified in their annual work plan (AWP) (Annex 2). B. Community-Based Marine Protected Area Management Strategy Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used as a means for protecting and managing coastal habitats and resources and as an effective tool to increasing fishery yields and reducing conflicts between groups of fishery stakeholders [14, 15]. The term marine protected area is synonymous to marine reserves, marine sanctuaries, or fish sanctuaries which have been reserved by law or other effective means and is governed by specific rules or guidelines.



8

The fisheries and marine habitat management strategies called for the identification and designation of marine protected areas to rehabilitate and replenish fishery and coastal resources within the municipal water. This is in response to the growing need to protect the marine environment from human activities where all fishing and gathering activities were to be banned or heavily regulated. Through the IPOPCORM project, PATH Foundation Philippines in partnership with local NGOs and People’s Organizations, a total of 61 marine protected areas were established and strengthened covering 94.2 km2. These are distributed in the provinces of Cebu (2), Negros Oriental (2), Camiguin (5), Siquijor (9), Palawan (21) and Bohol (22). In addition, the IPOPCORM has supported a network of MPAs and mangrove reserves in the Bohol (Mindanao) Sea (Figure 2). Similar to the community-based mangrove forest management strategy, integration of reproductive health and family planning initiatives were done through the involvement of People’s Organization (PO) members in various RH/FP activities (Annex 3). Members of these people’s organizations are also peer educators (PEs), community-based distributors (CBDs), and even family planning acceptors. Women and youth are active members which spearhead activities related to habitat protection and rehabilitation (i.e. coastal clean-ups, mangrove planting, and MPA and mangrove monitoring) and advocacy and IEC events (i.e. CBD launching, youth camps, etc.). Also presented in the third section of this Series are the cases of MPAs in Barangay Panas, Candijay, Bohol and in Barangay Binudac, Culion, Palawan. Protection of critical coastal habitats and allowing time for recovery, through the establishment of marine protected areas and/or mangrove reserves, become more acceptable when accompanied with alternative livelihood opportunities for fisher families. When supplementary income generating opportunities are made available – particularly to women and youth in the household, fishers are able to support their families while waiting for the fruits of their conservation activities – which usually occur within 2-3 years when the regenerated fish stock “spill-over” from the sanctuary into the user’s zone surrounding the reserve. In this way, the IPOPCORM initiative provides alternative livelihood training and technical and financial support for the people most affected by the



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establishment of a no-take reserve. Among the livelihood activities being supported are sari-sari store, natural hog raising, food vending, fish vending, buying/selling of dry goods (dresses, cocoa, mat, bread, etc.), food processing, seaweed farming and other mariculture production. Since 2002, the IPOPCORM Initiative has provided nearly Php11.2 million (US$224,000) for alternative livelihood activities and environment-friendly economic enterprise development for fisherfolk. A total of 10,866 families directly benefited from these funds with an average loan of Philippine Peso 6,000 (US$120) per family. These alternative livelihood and micro-credit inputs enabled fisher households to diversify their income sources and with an impressive repayment rate of 95%. The IPOPCORM Initiative has “roll-backed” the process of overfishing in the target areas through enhance community involvement, integration of population-environment strategies, and creation of alternative employment opportunities. Thus, the project has contributed to improvements in human well-being, coastal ecosystem health and fish production, and household income and food security.



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Marine / fish sanctuaries Mangrove stewardship areas

BOHOL

1. Panas, Candijay

2. Boyoan, Candijay

3. Panadtaran, Candijay

4. Linawan, Anda

5. Badiang, Anda

6. Suba, Anda 7. Tangkigan, Mabini

8. Poblacion 2, Mabini

9. San Isdiro, Mabini

10. Bingag, Dauis

11. Tabalong, Dauis

12. Dao/San Isidro, Dauis

13. Catarman, Dauis

14. Biking, Dauis

15. Poblacion, Dauis 16. Pamilacan Island, Baclayon

17. Balicasag Island, Panglao

18. Bil-Isan, Panglao

19. Looc, Panglao

20. Bolod, Panglao

21. Doljo, Panglao

22. Danao, Panglao

23. Tawala, Panglao

24. Poblacion, Panglao

25. Macaas, Tubigon

26. Cabulijan, Tubigon

27. Budlaan Island, Tubigon

28. Tanga-on, Tubigon 29. Matabao, Tubigon

30. Pandan, Tubigon

31. Panaytayon, Tubigon

32. Pinayagan Norte, Tubigon

33. Guiwanon, Tubigon

34. Potohan, Tubigon

35. Bgy. Centro, Tubigon

NEGROS ORIENTAL

36. Masaplod, Dauin

37. Apo Island, Dauin

SIQUIJOR

38. Caticugan, Siquijor

39. Luyang, Siquijor

40. Olo, Siquijor

41. Banban Siquijor

42. Tambisan, Siquijor

43. Talayong, Lazi (M) 44. Lower Cabangcalan, Lazi

45. Nonoc, Larena

46. Taculing/Cangmalalag,

Larena

47. Sandugan, Larena

48. Tubod, San Juan

49. Olang, Maria

50. Tulapos, E. Villanueva

CAMIGUIN

51. San Roque & Binaliwan,

Mahinog

52. Mantigue Island, Mahinog

53. White Island, Mambajao

54. Canta-an, Guinsiliban

Figure 3. Network of marine protected areas and mangrove reserves in Bohol (Mindanao) Sea strengthened under the IPOPCORM Initiative (Source: Base map modified from Indab, J.D. & P.B. Suarez-Aspilla (2004) Community-based marine protected areas in the Bohol (Mindanao) Sea, Philippines. NAGA, WorldFish Center Quarterly Vol. 27 No. 1&2 Jan-Jun 2004).



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III. III. III. III. Case HistoriesCase HistoriesCase HistoriesCase Histories

A. Ensuring Community’s Developmental Sustainability and Food Security

Through Community Members’ Initiatives: The case of Boyoan Mangrove

Association In Candijay, Bohol

Ronaldo Quintana, M.D., Program Manager and Reproductive Health

Specialist, PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc.

Organizational Background

Boyoan Mangrove Association (BOMA)

is a people’s organization based in

barangay Boyoan, Candijay in the

province of Bohol. The organization is

an offshoot of Samahang Nayon, a local

community organization in the 1970’s.

BOMA was organized in 1996 through the

support of the Coastal Resource

Management Project (CRMP) of the

Philippine’s Department of Environment

and Natural Resources (DENR). BOMA

aims to protect, restore, rehabilitate

and develop nipa and mangrove

plantations located within the 163

hectares of land awarded to the organization by the DENR through the

Community-based Mangrove Forestry Management Agreement (CBMFMA) signed in

May, 1999. At present BOMA continues to grow in membership and as an

organization. Its members are now involved various livelihood activities

that help in providing additional strength to the organization.

Going Down Memory Lanes

In 1996, Bohol Mangrove

Association was organized through the

support of the Coastal Resource

Management Project (CRMP) of the

DENR. Its organization started with a

series of meetings, election of

officers and the creation of the

organization’s Constitution and by-

laws. Initial recruitment of members

from three barangays of Candijay:

Boyoan, Lungsodaan and San Isidro

were initiated by its officers and

members. Organizational meetings and

activities were held at the Barangay

Hall of Boyoan. At the start, BOMA

was inactive due to lack of funds. But when financial support from the

DENR came in 1998, BOMA had to face serious problems. After a near

collapse of the organization due to some organizational and financial

problems and withdrawal of its members in 1998, BOMA was reorganized in



12

1999 through the efforts of the CRMP. A new set of officers was elected

and recruitment of new members was re-initiated. At present, BOMA is

striving to hurdle all the challenges that come its way.

Hurdling the Challenges

The strength of the organization and its membership was tested in 1998

when the members of BOMA withdrew their membership and support to some of

the officers of the organization. There was an overwhelming loss of

confidence to the President of the organization due to his failure to turn

over to the organization the financial support from the DENR intended for

purchasing propagules. Moreover, the organization’s loss with its legal

battle with a private company with BOMA trying to re-claim 38 hectares of

mangrove and nipa plantations which is part of the 163 hectares awarded to

BOMA by DENR through CBFMA and was dismissed by the DENR. At present the

legal battle continues at the Municipal Trial Court of Candijay. Amidst

all the past and present challenges, the greatest challenge at present

that the organization faces is the lack of funds needed to accomplish all

its plans for the next twenty-five years.

Major Accomplishments

To date, BOMA has established itself as an organization of community

members continuously gaining strength through its members’ collective

initiatives and collaborative efforts. Some of the organizations

accomplishments that its officers and members claimed include:

• Re-organizing BOMA with its

officers and members more

than prepared to face all the

challenges and gaining its

strength from the strength of

its members

• Organizing the members of the

community with a goal of

achieving sustainable

community development and

better quality of life

• Constructing an office

through the concerted efforts

and support from its officers

and members

• Establishing livelihood and

income generating projects

through the initiatives of

its members and support from

non-government organizations with community-based micro-credit

projects such as FCBFI and PATH Foundation.

• Constructing dikes as part of sustainable development of nipa and

mangrove plantations



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Moving Ahead

Currently, BOMA has nearly 50

registered members who have paid

their registration/ membership

fee of PhP100.00 and monthly

sinking fee of PhP10.00. Its

members are continuously engaging

themselves in the organization’s

activities without financial

remunerations. Regular voluntary

activities of the organization

include cleaning and clearing of

mangrove areas, and cleaning of

BOMA office every last Friday of

the month; and repairing and

constructing dikes and bridges.

Some of the members and officers of the organization are the

beneficiaries of the Environment-friendly enterprise development component

of the IPOPCORM Initiative of PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc. A total of

37 BOMA members availed of the micro-credit loan. They are currently

engaging in small enterprises such as hog raising, sarisari store, selling

barbecue, banana cue and tablea (chocolate from cacao), beekeeping,

mudcrab fattening, oyster, milkfish and prawn culture, furniture making,

kroepeck making and nipa weaving and trading.

Kroepeck (cracker) making is an income-generating project of BOMA.

BOMA members who were trained on kroepeck making gather together once or

twice a month to make kroepeck voluntarily. Revenues go to the fund of the

organization. Other sources of funds include: registration/membership

fees, monthly dues, interest from loan, capital build-up (from loans),

loan service charge, profit from catering services, penalties for absences

during meetings, and annual rental tax for the use of nipa plantation and

fishpond. In addition to availing of loans, BOMA members also availed of

the trainings provided by the IPOPCORM through its partner NGO, First

Consolidated Bank Foundation, Inc. (FCBFI). Trainings attended by BOMA

members include: beekeeping, mariculture, mudcrab fattening, vermiculture,

credit management, bookkeeping and business marketing.

Some of the benefits of the IPOPCORM Initiative identified by BOMA

members include: protection of flora and fauna; rehabilitation and

conservation of mangrove areas through prevention of indiscriminate fish

pond conversion and illegal cutting of mangrove trees; sustaining

biodiversity for a sustainable fishery resources; protecting families from

unwanted pregnancy, domestic violence, unsafe abortions and STDs;

community life and the environment; protecting families against poverty,

unemployment and limited livelihood options; and promotion of responsible

parenthood that promotes ecological balance. At present, BOMA has the

support of the local LGU, NGOs, the religious sector and the community.

Some members of BOMA are also part of the IPOPCORM Initiative either as

Community Health Outreach Worker, Peer Educators or Community-based

Distributors.



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Leaping Forward

As an organization of active, self-reliant and committed community

members, BOMA is determined to attain its objectives and accomplish its

plans. Included in the twenty-five-year plan are the following:

• Organizing Bantay Katunggan (forest

wardens)

• Developing and protecting mangrove

and nipa plantations

• Constructing bridges, dikes, farm-to-

market road and other infrastructures

• Strengthening BOMA as an organization

with strong leadership and membership

• Strengthening livelihood activities

Lessons Learned

Although BOMA is still a new organization, there are some lessons

learned that guide them in moving forward and addressing all the

challenges ahead. Some of the lessons learned and elements of success

include:

• Strong and committed leadership and

membership are needed to attain the goals

and objectives of the organization.

• Support from NGOs, GOs and the community

are critical for the sustenance of the

organization.

• Building upon the strengths of the members

of the organization and the community is an

important factor for the organization to

survive despite the lack of funds.

• Networking is critical especially with NGOs

and GOs such as the Department of

Environment and Natural Resources,

Department of Agriculture, provincial and

local government units, Barangay councils

and committees, etc.



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B. Linking Community-Based Coastal Resource Management to Population and

Health in Candijay, Bohol

Leonila N. Ampusta, Supervising Community Health Outreach Worker,

PROCESS-Bohol, Inc.

“Our sea is our life! Why do you

restrict us from getting its

resources, which were given to us

by God? The sea is our primary

source of income. Who will provide

us the food for our family? What

will happen to our children, who

are our future generation, when you

deprive us from using the sea to

provide food and education? Can you

provide the means to supplement our

needs?”

This was Candilario Piloton’s reaction in response to establishing a

Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the coastal waters near his village of

Panas, on Bohol Island in the Philippines. He worried that establishing an

MPA would restrict fishing causing hardships for the many fishermen in the

village who depended on fishing for both income and sustenance.

What Candelario did not realize is that the coastal waters off Panas

were in danger; too many fishermen were vying for far too few fish.

Philippine waters used to provide a bountiful supply of fish and other

marine species like sea urchins and mollusks for local and export

consumption, making fish the most popular source of protein in the

country. However, as the Philippine population swelled and demand for fish

grew, devastating fishing methods and an influx of local and commercial

fishermen started depleting fish stocks to unsustainable levels.

On Bohol Island, this phenomenon was turning into a race for fish. Many

fishermen were resorting to the highly destructive, yet effective,

dynamite fishing method. Using this technique, a fisherman essentially

throws a mix of lime and common soil fertilizer into the water, which

explodes and sends shock waves through the sea stunning or killing fish.

Although fishermen can harvest up to three times more fish with the

dynamite method then their normal hook-and-line method, the explosion

destroys the coral reefs and seagrass areas that serve as nurseries and

habitats for fish. Without their habitats, fish cannot reproduce and

replenish their stocks.



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Understanding the threat that

destructive fishing and overfishing posed

to its citizens, policymakers in the

municipality of Candijay and its eight

coastal villages, one of which is Panas,

decided to establish a Marine Protected

Area. A popular coastal management

approach in the Philippines, an MPA

prohibits fishing within a protected

segment of the ocean floor, creating a

fish sanctuary and allowing the coral

reefs to recover and regenerate. Regular

sea patrols around the MPA deter illegal

activities such as dynamite fishing.

However, the municipality often faced severe opposition from fishermen

like Candelario, who worried that closing waters to fishing would mean

less fish catch and more hardship for himself and his family.

There was a turning point, however, when the Integrated Population and

Coastal Resource Management (IPOPCORM) Project, implemented by PATH

Foundation Philippines with funding from USAID and the Packard Foundation,

approached Candijay with a proposition. As project staff pointed out, the

growing population of Candijay was a major factor in the continuous

exploitation of its marine resources. It was common for coastal families

to have six or more children, and fishermen felt great pressure to provide

for their large families. IPOPCORM staff proposed a project that would

educate fisherman and their families on the benefits of smaller healthier

families, give them the access they currently lacked to family planning

products and services, and also encourage them to protect their marine

resources using the MPA. Drawing the link between large family size and

the limited coastal resources made sense to the community members and

helped them to better understand the need to protect and manage their

coastal resources.

The mayor and her council members agreed and the IPOPCORM project

started.

• A community-based peer education program counseled couples on how to

best plan their families.

• A community-based commodity distribution program supported and

encouraged access to family planning and reproductive health

supplies at affordable prices.

• A micro-credit program was started to help community members,

particularly fisher-families, identify alternative livelihoods and

access small loans as a means to increase non-sea income.

• After considerable education and community organizing, the project

won the approval of the people of Panas to establish the MPA. The

Marine Sanctuary Management Team, an advisory body made up of local

officials and villagers, was established to manage the MPA and

trained on basic coral and fisheries health monitoring approaches.



17

Mr. Candelario Piloton is now the Vice-Chairperson of the Marine

Sanctuary Management Team and member of the MPA monitoring team. He is

convinced that the sea will continue to provide affordable and sustainable

food for his family, with the help of the MPA. As a trained male peer

educator, he is confident promoting and advocating male involvement in

family planning among his friends and colleagues. His wife Susana decided

to have a bilateral tubal ligation after bearing her last child, and is

happy to talk to her friends and neighbors about the procedure. Candelario

and Susana are effective advocates and role models for the importance of

taking a holistic view to their community’s health and well-being. They

both believe that the cycle of food insecurity and poverty in coastal

communities can be overcome if there is full participation of the people

in the management of their own coastal resources and the accessibility of

voluntary family planning information and services.

Based on a Case Study written by Leonila N. Ampusta, a community

volunteer for PROCESS Bohol, a local NGO partner to PATH Foundation

Philippines (PFPI), 2006. PFPI and local partner PROCESS Bohol implemented

the Integrated Population and Coastal Resource Management

(IPOPCORM) Project, in Bohol from 2001 - 2008.



18

C. Finding balance between coastal ecosystem health and human well-being:

The Culion, Palawan Experience

Francis S. Magbanua, Program Officer, PATH Foundation Philippines,

Inc.

Culion Island, along with other islands comprising the Calamianes,

occupies the northernmost section of Palawan Province in the southwestern

Philippines. This island group is among the 14 hotspots

ranked by the Philippine government as

“extremely high priority” for

conservation of marine biodiversity

because of the increasing

population and socioeconomic

threats besetting its coastal

resources.

Until recently, the island

of Culion served as a refuge

for victims of Hansen’s

disease. In 1995 it was

established as a regular

municipality, with a total land

area of about 64,162 hectares and

coastal area of 75,750 hectares.

Twelve of the 13 barangays

(villages) comprising the

municipality are new administrations with

only three years of governance experience. In the

coastal villages, fishing is a year-round activity and the people are

heavily dependent on coastal resources for survival and livelihood. Aside

from fish, most families gather crabs, shellfish, and other marine

products for subsistence as well as for sale to local markets. Others

gather firewood from mangrove areas as a part-time livelihood. Many

Culion fishers are also engage in the live fish trade, an important

fishery in the Calamianes. Pearl farms are also a large-scale trade in

Culion because of the suitability of several sites in the municipal

waters.

Historically, the waters of Culion including that of the neighboring

islands have been an open access resource, with unrestricted entry and

free-for-all harvesting of coastal products. With no customary rights of

tenure for fisheries, heavy exploitation of available resources resulted

in reduced catch rates and consequent decline in total production.

Adjacent fishing grounds formerly supported large stocks of commercial

species are now severely depleted by overfishing, destructive fishing

methods, including the use of explosives and cyanide, and general habitat

degradation. Conflicts between artisanal fishers and private pearl farm

owners over access to municipal waters are also expanding as the latter

increase their investment in the area.



19

Resource and ecological habitat assessments conducted by the Marine

Environment and Resources Foundation, Inc. (MERF) in 2001 in selected

coastal villages revealed that coral reefs are in poor to fair condition

with mean live coral cover of 26.5%. Further, coral mortality index (45%)

indicates that reef habitat is under stress. Biomass estimates of target,

commercially important reef fish ranged from 4.5 to 19.2mt/km2 with an

average biomass of 14.7mt/km2. Although target reef fish comprised a large

portion of the total fish biomass, most individuals recorded were small.

Those target fish group that can reach maximum sizes greater that 25 cm

seldom exceed 15 cm suggesting that fishing intensity has reached a level

wherein fish are caught before they have time to grow, a condition termed

‘growth overfishing’ (MERF-PFPI 2002).

The state of Culion fisheries is further plagued with increasing

fishing effort due to increasing human population on the island. From

1995-2000, Culion’s population has rapidly increased from 13,000 to 15,000

people due to natural increase and in-migration. More than 45% of this

population is 15 years of age and younger. Parallel demographic and health

surveys in 2001 showed a high rate of unmet family planning demand (36%),

which is nearly twice the national average. Although Culion has high

contraceptive prevalence rate for modern methods (25%), the rate is still

lower than the national average of 33%. Fertility and teen pregnancy rates

are also high. Further analysis of health and socioeconomic data indicates

that childhood malnutrition was most pronounced in households where

fishing was the primary occupation and where mothers were not practicing

family planning. If current trends in fertility and coastal resource

exploitation continue, rapid population growth will collide with declining

coastal fish production with dire consequences for food security.

To address these, PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc. (PFPI) started in

2002 the Integrated Population and Coastal Resource Management (IPOPCORM)

initiative in coastal villages in Culion, Palawan in partnerships with the

local government unit of Culion, local NGOs (Culion Foundation Inc. and

Project Development Institute/Manglares Foundation), people’s

organizations (fishers, women and youth groups), and the private sector

(small entrepreneurs). Through a Memorandum of Understanding, PFPI’s local

NGO partners link with the Municipality of Culion for the joint

implementation of IPOPCORM project strategies. The project encourages and

supports integration of reproductive health management strategies into

fisheries and coastal resource management policies and agenda to improve

food security and quality of life of communities that depend upon aquatic

resources while maintaining biodiversity and productivity of coastal

ecosystems.

IPOPCORM provided planning, technical and financial assistance to

target coastal communities to improve their reproductive health, enhance

management of their coastal and marine resources, and increase awareness

and support for integration of RH and ICM. It works specifically with the

fisherfolk and other coastal resource users, in and out of school youth,

and small entrepreneurs in the target communities. Over 500 trained

community members serve as IPOPCORM volunteer peer educators (PE) and

model stewards. Additional 74 private entrepreneurs manage the project’s

social marketing and community-based distribution of FP products at sitio

(subvillage) levels. These volunteer PEs and community-based distributors

are actively involved in habitat protection, family planning outreach,

small enterprise development and IEC dissemination.



20

The project has provided

assistance to fisherfolk

organization and local officials

in Barangay Binudac to establish

and manage a 110-ha marine

protected area to replenish

marine resources and enhance

biodiversity and species

protection. Realizing the

benefits of the marine

sanctuary, the Sanggunian Bayan

(municipal council) of Culion

enacted an ordinance in 2005

authorizing the marine protected

area in Binudac and two other

marine sanctuaries in the same

municipality.

Prior to the establishment

of the Binudac Marine Sanctuary,

a series of orientation and

consultation meetings with the

various stakeholders have been

conducted. Likewise, in

partnership with the local

environment NGO, the Manglares

Foundation, the IPOPCORM project

supported the formation of a

people’s organization (Binudac

Community-based Coastal Resource

Management Inc.), Bantay Dagat,

and the barangay fisheries and

aquatic resources management

council (BFARMC). The program

also assisted the PO in

undertaking preparatory activities (i.e., action planning, community

consultation, site survey and delineation) and PO registration. A series

of organizational development training (e.g. leadership, team building,

paralegal, networking) were also conducted to strengthen the organization

and equip the PO with management skills. Selected PO officials and members

also participated in a cross-visit to one of the MPAs being supported by

the IPOPCORM project in Bohol province.

Several environmental education trainings were also implemented to

heighten the environmental awareness of the PO and the local community in

general. Training sessions with the local community and other stakeholders

also provided an avenue for presenting the various activities of the

Binudac MPA Management Committee such as training on coral reef, seagrass

and mangrove monitoring, annual MPA management planning, economic and

livelihood projects, consultative meetings and other IEC campaigns. The

Management Committee and other members of the PO also actively support and

participate in various RH/FP activities of the IPOPCORM through the Culion

Foundation Inc.



21

Similarly, the IPOPCORM

Initiative has supported barangay

Galoc in protecting and managing

their rich mangrove resources

through its PO, Pampamayanang

Pamamahala ng Kabakawan ng Galoc,

Inc. (Community-based Mangrove

Management of Galoc, Inc.;

PPKGAI). Mobilizing and

organizing the mangrove dependent

families of Galoc to

rehabilitate, protect and mange

the mangrove resources proved to

be effective and efficient in

reversing the trend of degradation of coastal-mangrove habitat. With the

assistance of Manglares Foundation, the PPKGAI acquired juridical

personality as the de facto steward and manager of the mangrove resources

recognized by the local government both at the village and municipal

levels. Moreover, the Community Based Mangrove Forest Management Agreement

(CBMFMA) facilitated

some degree of security in tenure for protecting and rehabilitating the

178 hectares in Sitio Canimango, Barangay Galoc, Culion. The PO jointly

with the barangay council dismantled the charcoal kilns and apprehended

illegal mangrove cutters. The PPKGAI were formed, organized and trained

alongside other POs in the municipality including the Binudac Community

Based Coastal Resources Management Association, Inc.

In addition to these POs, the project has assisted multi-sectoral

Barangay Development Councils (BDC) in 12 coastal villages to integrate

ICM and RH activities in their respective barangay development plans and

budgets. Through these plans and budgets, and with additional funding

support from the local partner NGO, about Php834, 472 (US$16,689.44) was

leveraged as counterpart contributions for implementation of IPOPCORM

activities since the project started in 2001.

Results of the follow-up survey by the MERF in 2004 in the same

locations they surveyed in 2001 revealed improvements in coral reef

condition with a mean live coral cover of 26.5% in 2001 and 38.7% in 2004.

Further, the coral mortality index in 2001 (45%), indicating that reef

habitats were stressed, declined significantly in 2004 (10%). Although the

average biomass estimates of target fish decreased from 14.7mt/km2 in 2001

to 10.4mt/km2 in 2004, estimates in sanctuary area showed nearly a 3 mt/km

2

increase during the 2004 survey.

The mangroves in the Canimango-Galoc area under the management and

stewardship of the people’s organization, PPKGAI, through the Community-

Based Mangrove Forest Management Agreement (CBMFMA) also demonstrated

positive trend of stand improvement in terms of stocking (trees/ha), mean

basal area (m2/ha) and stand volume (m

3/ha). Stocking increased from 567 in

2001 to 598 trees/ha in 2004 while mean basal area expanded from 1.08 to

4.73m2/ha. The stand volume likewise improved from 3.70m

3/ha in 2001 to

7.87m3/ha in 2004 survey.



22

Program monitoring further showed an increase of Php800 (US$16) in

average monthly household income of fishers in 2004, while parallel

household surveys in 2001 and 2004 revealed a 10% decline in malnutrition

among preschool children suggesting improvement in food security.

Using community-based approaches and a natural resource management

framework that incorporates family planning as a strategic intervention to

reducing fishing effort, the IPOPCORM, has enabled Culion coastal

communities to work towards finding balance in addressing issues affecting

their well-being without sacrificing the need to protect and manage their

coastal ecosystems.

Having experience first hand the IPOPCORM Initiative, a local

fisherfolk in Binudac has this to say about the project.

“The population is growing in my community, with IPOPCORM, I

have become active with my organization which prevents and

controls the use of illegal fishing and the destruction of the

coastal resources. My wife and I are also practicing family

planning. We are doing these for the future of our children.”



23

References

[1.] Byrant, D., L. Burke, J. McManus and M. Spalding. 1998. Reefs at Risk: a map-based indicator of threats to the World’s Coral Reefs. World Resources Institute (WRI), International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), - World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), USA.

[2.] Burke, L, L. Selig and M. Spalding. 2002. Reefs at Risk in Southeast Asia. World Resources Institute, the United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP-WCMC), ICLARM – The World Fish Center, and the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN).

[3.] Pauly, D. 1994. From growth to malthusian overfishing: stages of fisheries resources misuse. South Pacific Commission. Traditional Marine Resources Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin, 3: 7-14.

[4.] Alcala, A. and G. Russ. 1990. A direct test of the effect of

protective management on abundance and yield of tropical marine resources. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 46: 40-47.

[5.] DENR-CRMP and DA-FRMP. 1999. Coastal Resource Management

for Food Security. Bookmark, Inc., Makati City, Philippines, 27p. [6.] PEMSEA. 2004. Youth Environmentalists 101: Q&A about

Mangroves, accessed online at http://www.pemsea.org/ye/101/mangrove_index.htm, on August 4, 2006.

[7.] Butler, Rhett. (2005). Mongabay News. Available online:

http://news.mongabay.com/2005/1111-fao.html [8.] Brown, W.H. and A.F. Fisher. 1918. Philippine mangrove

swamps. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Bureau of Fishery Bulletin No. 7.



24

[9.] Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). 1995. DENR Statistics. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Manila, Philippines. 11p.

[10.] Primavera, J. 2000. Development and conservation of Philippine

mangroves: institutional issues. Ecological Economics 35: 91-106p.

[11.] Salmo, S. G. III and M.A. Juinio-Meñez. 2001. Mangrove

reforestation. Coastal Resources Management Tools. Marine Environment and Resources Foundation, Inc. The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City. 44p.

[12.] Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

1995. A primer on community-based mangrove forest management. Fisheries Sector Program, DENR, Philippines. 16p.

[13.] Indab, J.D. and P.B. Suarez-Aspilla. 2004. Community-based

marine protected areas in the Bohol (Mindanao) Sea, Philippines. Naga, WorldFish Center Quarterly 27: 4-8.

[14.] Salm, R.V., J.R. Clark, and E. Siirila. 2000. Marine and coastal

protected areas: a guide for planners and managers. IUCN. Washington D.C. 371p.

[15.] Alcala, A.C. 2001. Marine reserves in the Philippines: historical

development, effects and influence on marine conservation policy. Bookmark, Inc. Makati City, Philippines. 115p.



25

Annex 1 The Community-Based Forest Management Agreement between the DENR and the Boyoan Mangrove Planters Association



26



27



28



29



30



31

Annex 2 Example of a CBMFM Workplan with Population Management (RH/FP) Strategy

Republic of the Philippines

Province of Bohol

Municipality of Candijay

Barangay Panadtaran

PANADTARAN MANGROVE ASSOCIATION

2004-2005 Annual Work Plan

Over-All Period Strategies and Activities Quantity Cost Target

Cost Income

Person Responsible Q1

(Jun-Aug) Q2

(Sep-Nov) Q3

(Dec-Feb) Q4

(Mar-May)

I. Protection of the Mangrove Forest

a. Patrolling Group (6 persons /group)

Voluntary 12 PAMAS X X X X

b. Deputization of Bantay-Katunggan (ENROs)

Group

DENR

c. Prepare documents/ requirements for deputization of Forest Guards or ENROs

No. of persons

P500 7 P500 PAMAS, DENR and Candijay

LGU

X

II. Development of the Mangrove Forest

a. Planting of propagules

Hectare Voluntary 1 PAMAS

III. Alternative Livelihood

a. Nipa winery Liter 2 PAMAS X X X X

b. Eco-tourism (Candijay Mangrove Adventure Tour)

PAMAS X X X X

c. Fishcage (Red snapper)

Module P15,000 1 P15,000 P36,000 PAMAS X X

d. Mudcrab Fattening (in cage)

Module P18,000 1 P18,000 P24,000 PAMAS X X



32


Cost Income


(Jun-Aug) Q2

(Sep-Nov) Q3

(Dec-Feb) Q4

(Mar-May)

IV. Infrastructure/ Equipment

a. Boardwalk Kilometer 2 PAMAS, ded and FCBFI

X

b. Rest House/Visitors’ House

Unit 1 PAMAS, ded and FCBFI

c. Restroom

Unit 2 PAMAS, ded and FCBFI

d. Watch Tower Unit Voluntary 1 PAMAS

e. Personal Computer Unit P30,000 1 P30,000 Panadtaran BLGU

and PAMAS

f. Telephone/Cellular Phone

Unit 1 PAMAS

g. Boat

Unit P15,000 1 P15,000 PAMAS

V. Strengthening of the PO*

a. Monthly meeting Case Voluntary 12 PAMAS X X X X

b. CRMF Assessment and AWP Formulation

Case Voluntary PAMAS, DENR,

FCBFI and Candijay-MPDC

X

VI. IEC campaign to reduce population growth and pressure on mangrove resources

a. Peer education Case Voluntary PAMAS – Adult &

Youth PEs, FCBFI,

Candijay-RHU and BHWs

X X X X



33


Cost Income


(Jun-Aug) Q2

(Sep-Nov) Q3

(Dec-Feb) Q4

(Mar-May)

b. Support and participation in various IPOPCORM activities

Case Voluntary PAMAS – Adult &

Youth PEs, FCBFI,

Candijay-RHU and BHWs

X X X X

VII. Monitoring and Evaluation

a. Actual visit Every 6 months

Voluntary 2 PAMAS, DENR,

FCBFI and Candijay

LGU

X X

b. Monthly meeting

Case Voluntary 12 PAMAS X X X X

c. Documentation/Record Keeping

Monthly 12 PAMAS X X X X

VIII. Repair and Maintenance

a. Boardwalk

Monthly Voluntary 12 PAMAS X X X X

* Establishment of RH/FP Committee within the PO Management Committee, including

identification of core members of the RH/FP Committee, were no longer included as activities in this annual workplan since this has been completed prior to this planning period.

Panadtaran Mangrove Association CBFMA No. 43577 2004-2005 Annual Work Plan

Assisted by: First Consolidated Bank Foundation, Inc (FCBFI) Integrated Population and Coastal Resource Management



34

Annex 3 Example of a Marine Protected Area Management Plan with Population Management (RH/FP) Strategy

Binudac Community-Based Coastal Resources Management Association, Inc.

(BCBCRMAI) Community-based Marine Sanctuary Management Plan

TIME FRAME

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 GOALS OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES Persons/ Institution in Charge

1st Qtr

2nd Qtr

3rd Qtr

4th Qtr

1. Conservation, preservation, protection and management of our natural resources: forest, coastal and fishery resources in a sustainable manner within the area covered by the barangay.

1. Eradicate illegal cutting activities and kaingin (slash and burn).

1. Reforestation along riverbanks and deforested areas to prevent soil erosion.

BCBCRMAI Barangay Council

LGU Culion

X

X X X X

2. Assist in the strict enforcement of forestry laws.

1. Conduct trainings and seminars on the environmental Conduct trainings and seminars on the environmental aspects of natural resources. 2. Request DENR-Coron to conduct deputization training to barangay officials and PO. 3. Assist in the strict enforcement of forestry laws by the local government/DENR and PCSDS thru: a. Regular patrolling/monitoring on the area covered by Barangay Binudac.

Barangay Council

LGU-Culion PCSDS

DENR-CENRO (Coron)

BCBCRMAI

Barangay Council

LGU-Culion PCSDS

DENR-CENRO (Coron)

Barangay Council

LGU-Culion BCBCRMAI Barangay

X

X

X

X X X

X X

X

X

X



35

TIME FRAME


1st Qtr

2nd Qtr

3rd Qtr

4th Qtr

b. Information dissemination on the effects of kaingin, and illegal logging activities. c. Apprehension of violators and coordination with the barangay council on the matter. d. Installation of signages such as billboards indicating banning of illegal cutting in Binudac.

Council LGU-Culion


LGU-Culion


X X

X X

X X

X X

X X X

X X

X X

X X

3. Conservative, protection and management of mangrove resources thru sustainable use.

1. Mangrove reforestation along shoreline, mudflats and tidal flats and to areas already deforested. 2. Community-based management of mangrove areas thru stewardship agreement with the government. 3. Encourage mangrove users to become member of the PO. 4. Conduct IEC/public consultation among mangrove users to eradicate mangrove cutting for charcoal making and firewood especially those commercial scale.

Barangay Council

LGU-Culion


LGU-Culion DENR-CENRO

(Coron) Manglares PFPI-CFI



Manglares PFPI-CFI DepEd

X

X X X X

X X

X X X X



36

TIME FRAME


1st Qtr

2nd Qtr

3rd Qtr

4th Qtr

4. Eradicate illegal fishing activities such as dynamite fishing, cyanide poisoning, abalone gathering, use of fine mesh nets and other methods of illegal fishing.

1. Installation and construction of guardhouse in Similik-Decanao. 2. Establishment and protection of marine protected area/fish sanctuary. 3. Creation and Deputization of Bantay-Dagat thru barangay ordinance. 4. Conduct of IEC, training seminars on fishery laws thru appropriation of P3,000.00 by the barangay council. 5. Conduct of baywatch patrolling within the municipal fishing ground/water. 6. Installation of signage banning illegal fishing activities in Binudac.

BCBCRMAI Barangay Council PFPI-CFI


Manglares PFPI-CFI


DENR-CENRO (Coron)




X

X X X X

X X

X X

X X

X

7. Apprehension of illegal fishers.

BCBCRMAI Barangay Council PNP

X

X X X X X

5. Implement total ban on commercial fishing within the municipal waters/ fishing ground.

1. Coordinate and report to LGU-Culion, PNP, Philippine Coastguard sightings of commercial fishing within the municipal fishing grounds.


X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Completed.

Completed with additional improvements



37

TIME FRAME


1st Qtr

2nd Qtr

3rd Qtr

4th Qtr

2. Conduct of baywatch patrolling within the municipal fishing ground and the areas covered by the marine sanctuary.


X X X X X X X X

6. Participate and support the strict enforcement of fishery laws.

1. Conduct public information and education campaign to the community particularly to fishers and other coastal resource users. 2. Conduct of baywatch patrolling within the municipal fishing ground/waters. 3. Formulation of barangay ordinance, resolution-supporting implementation of fishery laws.


Manglares, CFI


Barangay Council

LGU-Culion BCBCRMAI

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

7. Protection of shoreline and near-shore areas from pebbles/sand extraction, oil spill, indiscriminate disposal of garbage and other materials causing water pollution.

1. Through barangay ordinance regulate and monitor extraction of pebbles and sand within the covered area of the Binudac. 2. Implement proper disposal of garbage by the community and apprehend violators and impose appropriate penalties. Strictly monitor fishing vessels dumping oil in the shoreline and coastal waters.

Barangay Council

LGU-Culion BCBCRMAI

Barangay Council

LGU-Culion

Barangay Council

LGU-Culion BCBCRMAI

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

2. Reduce the 1. Implement 1. Support and Barangay X X X X X X X X



38

TIME FRAME


1st Qtr

2nd Qtr

3rd Qtr

4th Qtr

rapid rate of population growth in Binudac.

the acceptable family planning methods to each family in the community.

participate in various projects of PFPI-CFI. 2. Coordinate with BHW, BEANS, RHU and DOH. 3. Conduct of IEC to the community. 4. Conduct of Mother Class projects that promote: a. Nutrition program b. Skills development/ livelihood program

Council BCBCRMAI PFPI-CFI

Barangay Council

BCBCRMAI PFPI-CFI

Barangay Council

BCBCRMAI PFPI-CFI

Barangay Council

LGU-Culion PFPI-CFI

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

3. Skills development and capability building activities for PO such as trainings and seminars to become self-sustaining organization.

1. Develop skills and create training opportunities for officers and members.

1. Trainings on capability building, financial management, and other managerial capability trainings and seminars. 2. Study-tour to successful project sites of IPOPCORM.

Barangay Council

LGU-Culion PFPI-CFI Manglares

PFPI-CFI

X X

X X X

4. Generate viable livelihood opportunities.

1. Source out financing for livelihood projects.

1. Develop project proposals for potential financing. 2. Create and establish market linkages.

Barangay Council


LGU-Culion MAO-DTI PFPI-CFI Manglares

X

X

X

X

X X

X X

X X

X X



39

TIME FRAME


1st Qtr

2nd Qtr

3rd Qtr

4th Qtr

5. To create public awareness on the coastal resource use and protection.

1. Conduct public information, education and communication campaigns on the benefits of coastal environments.

1. IEC campaign to illegal fishers.

Barangay Council

LGU-Culion BCBCRMAI PFPI-CFI Manglares

X X X X X X X X

6. Establish network and linkaging to other institutions for funding sources.

1. To tie-up with existing assisting organizations (PFPI-CFI, Manglares) on future projects. 2. Funding request to Palawan provincial government.

1. Draft resolution for memorandum of agreement for future projects and provision of technical trainings (e.g. DTI-MAO). 2. Draft resolution for memorandum of agreement for future requests.

Barangay Council


Barangay Council

LGU-Culion PFPI-CFI Manglares BCBCRMAI

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

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