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ONSTRU TION EQUIPMENTS - ROLLERS

PRESENTED BY 

ADITI BAZAJ

B.ARCH. 5TH YEAR 9TH SEM.

APEEJAY SAP GR. NOIDA

CONSTRUCTION AND

MATERIALS

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

• BUILDING CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK – ROGER GREENO

• CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT, MAINTENANCE AND HANDLING

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SOIL COMPACTION

NEEDS OF SOIL COMPACTION  

1. IT INCREASES ITS DENSITY.

2. IT MAKES IT STRONGER AND MORE STABLE.

3. IT MAKES IT MORE ABLE TO SUPPORT LOADS.

SOIL COMPACTION IS AFFECTED BY 

1. MATERIAL GRADATION

2. MOISTURE CONTENT

3. COMPACTIVE EFFORT

 

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MATERIAL GRADATION 

IT HAS TO DO WITH THE PARTICLE SIES AND THE PERCENTAGE OF THESIES THAT ARE PRESENT WITHIN A GIVEN SOIL SAMPLE.

MOISTURE CONTENT 

SOILS ARE DIFFICULT TO COMPACT WHEN THEY ARE TOO DRY OR TOOWET.

THE OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT IS THAT AMOUNT OF MOISTURETHAT HELPS THE SOIL PARTICLES SLIP EASILY INTO THEIR MOSTDENSE, COMPACTED POSITIONS FOR A GIVEN AMOUNT OF COMPACTIVEEFFORT.

COMPACTIVE EFFORT 

IT IS THE METHOD USED TO COMPACT THE SOIL.

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SOIL IS COMPACTED BY MEANS OF ONE OR MORE METHODS 

1. STATIC WEIGHT OR PRESSURE

2. KNEADING OR MANIPULATING ACTION

3. IMPACT

!. VIBRATION

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COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS INCLUDE 

1. SHEEPSFOOT ROLLER

2. GRID OR MESH

3. VIBRATORY DRUMS, TAMPERS, ETC.

!. STEEL DRUM

". PNEUMATIC – TIRED ROLLER

#. OTHER COMPACTORS

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ROLLERS [ ROLLER COMPACTOR ]

THEY ARE HEAVY AND COMPACTION MACHINERY AND GENERALLY USED FOR THE

COMPACTION OF GRAVEL, CONCRETE AND ASPHALT.

THEY ARE USED IN LARGE SCALE CONSTRUCTIONS $ ROADS AND HIGHWAY

CONSTRUCTION %.

THE SIE VARY ACCORDING TO THE USAGE, THAT IS FROM SIMPLE DRUM WITH A

HANDLE TO A SIE OF MANY TONNES.

ROAD ROLLER WORKS BY USING THE WEIGHT OF THE VEHICLE TO COMPRESS THESURFACE BEING ROLLED.

 APPLICATIONS 

THE MA&OR UTILITY OF ROLLERS LIES IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS '( COMPACTION OF ROADS, RUNWAYS IN AIRPORTS, CAR PARKING AREAS, PAVEMENTS,

ETC.

IT ALSO HAS UTILITY IN THE LANDFILL COMPACTION.

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SHEEPSFOOT ROLLER / PADDED FOOT ROLLER /

TAMPING ROLLER / KNEADING ROLLER

IT CONSISTS OF A HOLLOW DRUM ON WHICH A NO. OF PRO&ECTINGSTEEL STUDS ARE WELDED, THE DRUM MOUNTED ON A CARRYINGFRAME.

THE STUDS MAY VARY IN HEIGHT AND IN CROSS SECTION FROM HEAD TOTOE.

IT MAY BE TOWED BY TRACTORS BUT ARE AVAILABLE AS SELF –PROPELLED UNITS. TWO OR MORE OF THEM MAY BE CONNECTEDTOGETHER.

IT IS DESIGNED TO KNEAD THE SOIL. WHEN THE SOIL IS SUFFICIENTLY COMPACTED, THE ) FEET ) NO LONGER

PENETRATE IT AND THE ROLLER ) WALKS OUT ) * ON THE TOP OF THE SOIL+.

IF THE ROLLER DOES NOT WALK OUT, THE SOIL IS PROBABLY NOT BEINGCOMPACTED BECAUSE THE ROLLER IS EITHER TOO HEAVY ORINAPPROPRIATE FOR THE SOIL CONDITIONS. CONVERSELY, IF THEROLLER DOES NOT INITIALLY PENETRATE THE SOIL, THEN THE ROLLER ISEITHER TOO LIGHT OR OTHERWISE INAPPROPRIATE FOR THE SOILCONDITIONS.

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IT IS BEST USED FOR CLAY OR OTHER COHESIVE SOILS, NOT FOR VERY

SANDY, GRANULAR, OR OTHERWISE NONCOHESIVE SOILS.

THEY ARE SIMPLE TO OPERATE.

BALLASTING BY WATER OR SAND MAY BE DONE FOR INCREASING THE

WEIGHT. THE INTENSITY OF PRESSURE MAY BE BUILT UP TO ETENT OF

"3 -/0. .

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SOME SUGGESTED SHEEPSFOOT ROLLER TECHNIQUES ARE 

1. OVERLAP THE PRECEDING PASS BY ABOUT THE 1 FOOT, THEREBY ASSURING THAT THE ENTIRE AREA WILL BE COMPACTED.

2.  AVOID SHARP TURNS, WHICH TEND TO TEAR UP THE SOIL.

3. WHEN COMPACTING AGAINST STRUCTURES, RUN PARALLEL TO THESTRUCTURE IF POSSIBLE. IF IT IS NOT POSSIBLE, AS IN CLOSEQUARTERS, PILE UP FILL MATERIAL ABOUT ALE HIGH NET TO THESTRUCTURE, AND THEN BACK THE ROLLER OVER THE FILL UNTIL THE

 AREA IS COMPACTED.

!. WHEN USING THE ROLLER TO AERATE SOIL, RUN THE MACHINE AT THEHIGHEST SAFE SPEED, AS HIGH – SPEED OPERATION TENDS TO TEARUP THE SOIL FOR BETTER AIR EPOSURE.

". TO REDUCE THE DANGER OF COMPACTING THE EDGES OF DEEP FILLS,USE THREE ROLLERS, COMPACTING BY BACKING ONLY THE THIRDROLLER OVER THE FILL. THE TRACTOR, AND MOST OF THE WEIGHT, ARETHUS KEPT AWAY FROM THE EDGE.

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GRID ROLLER ( MESH )

IT OPERATES IN A MANNER SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE SHEEPSFOOT

ROLLER. HOWEVER, THE KNEADING ELEMENT OF THE GRID ROLLER IS A

MASSIVE GRID OR MESH, NOT ) FEET ).

WHEN EQUIPPED WITH ETRA WEIGHT, SUCH AS SLABS OF CONCRETE,

THIS GRID CAN EERT TREMENDOUS PRESSURE ON THE SOIL, CRUSHING

ROCKS AND PUSHING THE BROKEN PIECES BENEATH THE SURFACE.

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STEEL DRUM COMPACTOR / SMOOTH WHEEL

ROLLER / PLAIN ROLLER

IT CONSIST OF A SINGLE OR MULTIPLE STEEL DRUM ARRANGED IN TWINOR TANDEM THAT ARE HOLLOW FROM INSIDE.

THE DESIGNATED WEIGHT IS BETWEEN # TO 12 TONS, MEANS THEMINIMUM WEIGHT BEING # TONS BUT CAN BE INCREASED UPTO 12 TONSBY FILLING THE HOLLOW DRUM WITH BALLAST * WATER OR SAND +.

THE WEIGHT PER UNIT WIDTH OF ROLLER GIVES THE INTENSITY OFCOMPACTION LIKE "" -/.

WHEN ROLLLING IS DONE, THE SURFACE OF GROUND FORMS INTO ACRUST AND MAY THUS PREVENT EFFECTIVE COMPACTION OF LOWERLEVELS. THUS SHALLOW LAYER COMPACTION OF 14 TO 1" MAY BEEFFECTIVE.

THEY ARE MOST EFFECTIVE ON GRANULAR MATERIALS SUCH AS CLAYS* COHESIVE SOIL +, SAND, GRAVEL, AND CRUSHED STONE.

USUALLY THEY ARE USED AFTER DEEPER COMPACTORS HAVE BEEN

OPERATING. THEY ARE MUCH USED ON STREETS, HIGHWAYS, RUNWAYS, PARKING

LOTS, AND SIMILAR COMPACTING &OBS.

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SOME SUGGESTED OPERATING TECHNIQUES ARE 

 AVOID ACCELERATION, SUDDEN STOPS, OR MOVEMENTS THAT TEND TO

DISPLACE SURFACE MATERIALS. SLOW, REGULAR SPEEDS ARE USUALLY

REQUIRED TO DO THE &OB.

 AVOID SHARP TURNS.

USE * AND MAINTAIN + A SPRINKLER SYSTEM WHEN WORKING HOT, TACKYMATERIAL.

DO NOT ALLOW THE MACHINE TO STAND ON COOLING OR SETTING ROAD

SURFACES * USUALLY ASPHALT +, OR DEPRESSIONS IN THE SURFACE

WILL RESULT.

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PNEUMATIC – TIRED ROLLER

IT UTILIES INFLATABLE TIRES * AIR PRESSURE FILLED + TO KNEAD AND

COMPACT THE SOIL.

THE NUMBER AND SIE OF THE TIRES VARY, AND TIRE PRESSURES ARE

VARIED IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS.

LARGE WHEELS * OVER " FEET IN OUTSIDE DIAMETER + ROLL MORE

EASILY THAN SMALLER TIRES AND REQUIRE LESS DRAWBAR PULL THANDO SMALLER TIRES.

HIGHER TIER PRESSURE CAUSES THE TIRES TO SINK DEEPER AND

COMPACT DEEPER. HOWEVER, BEGINNING PASSES ARE SOMETIMES

MADE AT LESSER TIRE PRESSURES TO PRECOMPACT THE SOIL

SOMEWHAT, THEREBY AVOIDING RUTTING OF THE SOIL.

TIER PRESSURES USUALLY RANGE BETWEEN 54 AND 1"4 POUNDS PERSQUARE INCH.

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THEY MAY BE TOWED OR SELF – PROPELLED.

THEY RANGE FROM ABOUT 1" TO 244 TONS GROSS WEIGHT, WITH A

MAIMUM WHEEL LOAD OF ABOUT "4 TONS.

THE TIRES ARE ARRANGED FOR THOROUGH COVERAGE OF A GIVEN

 AREA. BECAUSE OF THE AD&USTMENTS POSSIBLE * 6..,WEIGHT, TIRE

DIA.,TIRE PRESSURE +, THIS TYPE OF MACHINE CAN COMPACT A VARIETYOF SOIL TYPES TO DEPTHS GREATER THAN 17 INCHES IN FEWER PASSES

THAN A COMPARABLE SHEEPSFOOT ROLLER.

THE ROLLERS CAN BE ADOPTED FOR COMPACTING OF ALL TYPES OF

SOIL AN DFOR COMPARATIVELY DEEPER DEPTHS. THESE ARE QUITE

USEFUL IN AREAS LIKE DAMS, ETC.

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SUGGESTED TECHNIQUES FOR USING PNEUMATIC – TIRED ROLLERS

 ARE 

 AD&UST PASSES TO COMPENSATE FOR ANY GAPS BETWEEN THE TIRES.

* ATLEAST TWO PASSES ARE USUALLY REQUIRED +

WHEN TRAVELING OVER EISTING FINISHED ROADS, REMOVE BALLAST

TO AVOID DAMAGE TO THE ROAD. IF THE TIRES ARE FILLED WITH WATER FOR ETRA WEIGHT, EITHER DRAIN

THEM IN COLD WEATHER OR ADD AN ACCEPTABLE ANTI – FREEE.

DO NOT ALLOW THE UNIT TO BOG DOWN IN SOIL. VARYING THE TIRE

PRESSURE WILL OFTEN HELP, ALTHOUGH IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO

SUPPLY PUSH ASSISTANCE IN THE FORM OF A TRACTOR OR SOME OTHER

PUSHER.

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CLEAR ROCKY AREAS AND REMOVE OTHER OBSTRUCTIONS THAT MAY

DAMAGE THE TIRES.

 AVOID TURNS ON COMPACTED AREAS. WHEN TURNS MUST BE MADE,

MAKE THEM GRADUALLY.

DO NOT OVERLOAD THE ROLLERS. OVERLOADING LESSENS THE

KNEADING ACTION INHERENT IN THE ROLLER TYPE OF COMPACTION.

WHEN COMPACTING STEEP BANKS, PULL THE ROLLER UP AND DOWN THE

BANK WITH A DRAGLINE.

WHEN COMPACTING BASE AND SURFACE COURSES, WORK FROM THE

OUTSIDE TOWARD THE CENTERLINE.

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MAJOR MANUFACTURERS IN INDIA

 AVELING ( BARFORD

CATERPILLAR

GALION

HAMM

HYPAC INGERSOLL RAND

LEBRERO

MIKASA

MULTIQUIP / RAMMA

GREAVES DYNAPAC

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CONFIGURATION OF A ROLLER 

IT CAN BE A SIMPLE DRUM WITH A HANDLE THAT CAN BE OPERATED BY

ONE MAN.

ON SOME MACHINES TH EDRUM MAY BE FILLED WITH WATER.

THE WEIGHT OF A ROAD ROLLER VARIES 24 TO "4 TONS.

 A ROAD ROLLER RUNS WITH A MA. SPEED OF 14 KM/HOUR. THE TURNING RADIUS FOR A ROAD ROLLER WOULD BE 748 WHICH IS WHY

IT SUFFOCATES IN SMALLER SPACES.

COST 

THE COST OF ROLLER VARIES FROM 3" TO "4 LAKHS.  AVAILABLE ON RENT FOR RS. 2." LAKHS PER MONTH.

RUNS FOR 1" LITRES OF DIESEL PER HOUR.

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TYPES OF ROLLERS 

PNEUMATIC ROLLER FOR INITIAL

COMPACTION

A Caterpillar CS-533E VIBRATORY ROLLER 

 A ROAD ROLLER POWERED BY ATRACTOR MOUNTED ON IT FROM

RURAL INDIA 

ROAD ROLLER, MUSEUM,TENTERFIELD, NSW

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_CS-533Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_CS-533E

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RIDE – ON – WITH ARTICULATING - SWIVEL (SALL

ACHINE!

"OWERED WAL# – BEHIND (ELECTRIC OR DIESEL $

GAS "OWERED !

RIDE - ON – WITH ARTICULATING – SWIVEL

 (LARGE ACHINE!

VIBRATING DYNA"AC