Role of Parks in Promoting the Health of Children and Communities
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Role of Parks in Promoting the Health of Children and CommunitiesMichael B. Edwards, Ph.D.Pennington Childhood Obesity and Public Health ConferenceBaton Rouge, Louisiana – April 1, 2014
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Children’s Health a Concern in the U.S.
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Are we doing the right things to promote health?
New England Healthcare Institute (2005)
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Parks (and Recreation) provide opportunities for health promotion
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The recreation movement of the 19th Century was a public health movement (Godbey et al., 2005)
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Two key objectives: Safe places to play and the “green lungs” of the city
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Parks are the most common place that people are physically active(Cohen et al., 2005)
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The effect of a walk in a park is similar to that of the most widely prescribed medications for ADHDTaylor et al., 2002
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Green space is associated with reduced social conflict and aggressionKuo, 2010
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Urban parks create natural spaces for social interaction and cohesionRodriguez, 1996; Peters et al., 2010
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Community gardens reduce stress, promote cohesion, and provide access to fresh produceGiles, 2006
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In urban areas, contact with nature is often only available in parksMaller (2009)
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Parks provide locally-generated ecosystem services shown to improve health and quality-of-lifeBolund & Hunhammer, 1999
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Disparities in Access
Latino Neighborhoods Black Neighborhoods White Neighborhoods0
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Park Acres/1000 residents (Los Angeles)
Park Acres/1000 residentsWolch et al., 2005
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Disparities in Quality
Low-income Census Tracts contained significantly more parks, but had fewer parks with playgrounds and more quality concerns per park.Vaughan et al., 2013
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Conceptualizing parks and their effects• People’s conceptions of parks, the expectations
they bring to them, and the ways they use them vary greatly according to age, gender, ethnicity, and other factors.– Howard Frumkin, 2003
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Most people in parks are sedentaryCohen et al., 2005
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Self-selection and unintended consequences
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Availability of parks may be less important in rural communitiesParks et al., 2003; Babey et al., 2008
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Park Characteris
tics
Features
ConditionAccessEsthetics
Safety
Policies
Adapted from Bedimo-Rung, Mowen & Cohen, 2005
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Community systems approach
• More than 40% of recreation programs in LA are not in parks. They are in recreation centers, local schools, non-profit organizations, and churches (Dahmann et al., 2010)
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Community engagement
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Community Partnerships
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Systems Solutions
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Questions?