Role of ENSDF in Nuclear Physics Research Filip G. Kondev Nuclear Engineering Division IAEA...

Role of ENSDF in Nuclear Physics Research Filip G. Kondev

Nuclear Engineering Division

IAEA Technical Meeting on ENSDF, November 10-11, 2008

[email protected]

brief introduction

value of ENSDF to Nuclear Physics research

value of ENSDF to various applications

will give many examples …

Supported by the Office of Nuclear Physics,

Office of Science, U.S. DOE

Outline

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~3000

~3000 the knowledge is very

limited!

~6000 nuclei are

predicted to exist

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Remarks on Modern Nuclear PhysicsNuclear Physics Is Still a Big Challenge

how nucleon-nucleon interactions build to create the mean field -how single-particle motions build collective effects like pairing, vibrations and shapes - how fundamental properties of nuclei evolve far from the line of stability

Nuclear Physics Is Importantintellectually, astrophysics, energy production & security

It is an Interesting Time in Nuclear Physicswith new (RIB) facilities available (some just around the corner) we have a great chance to make major contributions to the knowledge; by compiling & evaluating nuclear data we assist scientific discoveries, support various applications and preserve the knowledge for future generationsIAEA Technical Meeting on ENSDF, November

10-11, 2008

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Nuclear Structure Data Evaluationassociated with nuclear structure databases – complex nuclear level schemes and tables of numerical values, which quantify fundamental nuclear structure information, such as level energies, quantum numbers, lifetimes, decay modes, and other associated properties.

Nuclear Data Evaluation network activityservice to various communities

databases are not only at the core of basic nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics research, but they are also relevant to many applied technologies, including nuclear energy production, reactor design and safety, medical diagnostic and radiotherapy, health physics, environmental research and monitoring, safeguards,

material analysis, etc.

Today, far larger and more complex databases are urgently needed in many fields!

Nuclear Physics perhaps has one of the best!


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Nuclear Physics Databases & ServicesENSDF database plays a seminal role in scientific discoveries & many applications ENSDF is the only Nuclear Structure database that is updated continuously – contains information for ALL nuclei and ALL nuclear level properties & radiations – currently contributed by members of the Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Network, under auspices of IAEA. It is maintained by NNDC and the NSDD role is indispensible!

No viable alternative exists in the world!

MIRD

RADWARE

Monte-Carlo Codes MCNP, GEANT,

EGS4

ORIGEN, CINDER90

NUBASE

RIPL

ORTEC & CANBERRA

ENSDFApplications

ENDF, JEFF, JENDL …

Simulations

Basic NP Research

RNALPGAANuDat astrophysics

IE


http://128.3.5.61:6023/welcome.htm

http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/wallet/wchome.html

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J=68 (SD 152Dy)?

130Ag-21 n from 109Ag169Au-28 n from 197Au

Ex=36 MeV (149Gd)

from ~3000 nuclei known

785 nuclei with only 1 level1101 nuclei with no known 40Ca – 578 levels53Mn – 1319 rays

Z=118 & A=294

E6 in decay of the 19/2- (2.5 min) isomer in 53Fe

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What should a good database looks like? Comprehensive:

all related quantities should be included, together with estimates of their uncertainties

Reliable: data should be correctly represented

Complete: all available data should be included

Up-to-Date: consequences of new measurements should appear promptly

Accessible: data should be easily available in a user-defined format


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What takes to do a good ENSDF evaluation?

it is a time consuming effort!

critical reading of all published (and sometime unpublished) work on a particular nuclide – working with the authors when possible compile the results in appropriate formats - prepare individual data sets

critical review - recommends best values for a range of nuclear properties (not simply averaging numbers!)

a number of computer codes are applied to check the data for consistency or to deduce some quantities, e.g. ICC, BXL, log ft, etc. the human factor is very important – it has to be contributed by experts in the field

peer-review process – completeness & quality!

publication in Nuclear Data Sheets (and dissemination on the Web)


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What is the value of evaluated data? invaluable resources to NP research community –

preparation of experiments, data analysis & publication of the new results; R&D activities

maintenance of well-defined data archives for future generations – databases benefit next-generation experiments by intercepting data that would otherwise be lost

interplay between nuclear reactions and decay data – beneficial when exploring the limits of stability

significant impact of recommended data on developing nuclear theories

assists in resolution of contradictory results identifies requirements and stimulates new measurements benefits in applied areas - nuclear engineering (energy &

security), nuclear medicine, analytical and environmental sciences, etc.


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Physical Review Letters Physical Review C Zeitschrift fur Physik A Physics Reports Int. Journal of Modern Physics E

Nuclear Physics A

Impressive, but incorrect

a

b

Resolve differences between contradictory results


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ab

Data evaluation is not just averaging numbers! The human factor is very important!

Resolve differences between contradictory results


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Pro

ton

sChallenges away from the line of stability

What was believed to be in 177Yb is actually an excited structure in the

neighboring 175Yb isotope177

175

178

50 100 150

Neutrons

Proton drip line

Neutron drip line

100

50

Several publications in Phys. Rev. C


F.G. Kondev, Nuclear Data Sheets v. 98

(2003) 801

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Papers that are correct!


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… a paper that was not so correct …

From: Balraj Singh [[email protected]]Sent: Thursday, May 12, 2005 5:52 PM

Hi Filip:…About 174Yb: We have compiled your paper for XUNDL and will send it to BNL today. There is one curious thing about the 830-microsecond isomer. In the literature (ENSDF and 1967Bo08: NP A96, 561) value of 830 corresponded to half-life rather than mean-life. In your paper it is being referred as mean-life everywhere, including in table III where BEL's are deduced. Also in table III, for 628 gamma from this isomer, I seem to get BE2 a factor of 10 higher than your value using 830 as mean-life. Could you please check these points and let me know what you think.Thanks,Balraj


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value to young scientists and students and reviewers for scientific journals contain ALL nuclear structure

information from different reactions & decays for ALL nuclei – provide the “best” values in the “Adopted levels & gammas” for a range of nuclear properties

very useful in preparing for experiments, during the experiments, in data analysis and preparation of journal articles – heavily used in literature citations, e.g. Nuclear Data Sheets, TOI, etc.


ENSDF - invaluable resources to NP research community

How long it would take a young scientist to go trough 2000 publications?

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identify & stimulate needs for new measurements

11.4 MeV/nucleon 136Xe beam on 186W target; thermal ion source; mass separation

2.7 MeV

3.9 MeV

177Hf

177Lu


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Deep Inelastic Experiments at ANL

n

n

Beam: 136Xe @ 820 MeV

Pulsed beam & Gammasphere at ANL

Targets: 175,176Lu, 174,176Yb, 186W, 185,187Re, 186W, 190Os

ANL,ANU, UML collaboration – 3 expt. campaigns at ANL1 Phys. Rev. Lett

2 Phys. Lett. B

2 Phys. Rev. C

1 Eur. Phys. J

& more to come!


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Decay of the K=39/2- isomer in 177Lu

G.D. Dracoulis et al., Phys. Lett. B584 (2004)

Incomplete Fusion

T.McGoram, ANU

T1/2=160.44 d


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K-Isomers in deformed nuclei Horizontal evaluation on K-isomer properties – in collaboration with T. Kibedi & G. Dracoulis (ANU)


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Horizontal Evaluations and Topical Reviews

Log ft values in -/(EC+b+) decay

Alpha-decay HF from even-even nuclei

Nuclear Moments ( and Q0)

Proton Radioactivity Decay Data

many other applications oriented …

Nuclear Data Sheets v. 97 (2002) 241


PGAC

Studies of proton-rich nucleiRecoil-decay Tagging Technique


http://www.phy.anl.gov/gallery/equipment/fma.gif

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Interplay between decay and in-beam data

84Sr+92,94,96Mo


need both the decay & in-beam data! F.G. Kondev et al. Phys. Lett. B528 (2002) 221

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Review articles …

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MIRD

RADWARE

Monte-Carlo Codes MCNP, GEANT,

EGS4

ORIGEN, CINDER90

NUBASE

RIPL

ORTEC & CANBERRA

ENSDFApplications

ENDF, JEFF, JENDL …

Simulations

Basic NP Research

RNALPGAANuDat astrophysics

IE


http://128.3.5.61:6023/welcome.htm

http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/wallet/wchome.html

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cross section calculations for NE applications large network calculations for nuclear astrophysics applications


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Cross sections measurements n_TOF (CERN) Total Absorption Calorimeter

A+1Za cascade generator (J.L. Taín-IFIC) ) based both on experimental information about the level scheme (ENSDF) of the compound nucleus and statistical models describing the not known part of the nucleus level scheme: level density and transition probabilities for E1,M1 and E2.

Sn+En

Known level scheme (ENSDF):

level energy, transition probabilities, conversion electron coefficients,...

Statistical region:

described by level density and -ray strength functions statistical models.

Transition probabilities given by:

TXL = fXL (E-E,I,) XL={ E1,M1, E2}

40 BaF2 crystals (12 pentagonal and 28 hexagonal) with a thickness of 15 cm. It has a nearly 100% efficiency for detecting capture events.

237Np(n,)

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Opportunities

RIKEN, TRIUMF, GANIL & CERNGSI & FRIB (planned)

a surge of new data can be foreseen in the near future – nuclear structure & reactions involving radioactive nuclei far from the line of stability – all new data need to be promptly compiled, evaluated & disseminated to enhance scientific discoveries and to assist technology applications - development of new evaluation methodologies, strategies & dissemination tools that are tailored to the specific needs of variety of users – archive for future generations

The NP community would require even more sophisticated databases that couple Experiments, Theory & Data Evaluation with the modern

computer technology

the future of Nuclear Science

GRETINA (US) & AGATA (EU)

~3000 nuclei yet to be discovered

~3000 nuclei known

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Conclusions Nuclear Physics databases, and ENSDF in particular, play a seminal role in basic nuclear physics research & are of vital importance to many applications

It is the right time to join NSDD and to contribute to ENSDF – your expertise and effort would be extremely important and most welcome! I strongly believe that the benefits are mutual!

We (in U.S.) are fortunate to have a strong support from the Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science, DOE – support to our EU colleagues from the EU funding agencies is clearly needed & vital – it is a very good investment!!!


“Acquiring new data is pointless unless society actually captures what has been learned and uses the information!” S. Maurer et al., Nature 405 (2000)

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Many aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle require a detailed knowledge of the energy release, and corresponding heat from the decay of the radioactive nuclides Advanced fuel applications – assessments of decay heat for short cooling times are performed by means of the microscopic summation method – decay and build-up of FPs – input data:

fission yields and decay data

Decay Data & NE applications: Decay heat

Short cooling times (less than 3000 s): neutron-rich FP (~1200 nuclides!) are the major heat contributors. Need reliable quantification of the decay data for these nuclides and sound estimates of their uncertainties, as recently specified in a series of IAEA/OECD-NEA-WPEC technical meetings

Accurate FP decay data are also important for other applications: nuclear astrophysics National Security – LLNL cargo inspections

(Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A521 (2004) 608)


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Insufficient Decay Data required decay data are

incomplete

lack of pure, intense FP sources

lack of modern detector systems in past decay studies

JENDL FP (based on ENSDF) - “contaminated” by Gross Beta-decay Theory for ~500 FP (almost half of all FP)!

there are significant differences between various libraries, e.g. JEFF vs. JENDL vs. ENDF

“Pandemonium” effectJ. C. Hardy et al., Phys. Lett. 71B

(1977) 307

J. Katakura et al., JNST, Suppl. 2 (2002) 444

about 50 cases studied using TAGS, but there are also drawbacks

only a handful of cases studied with modern ray arrays (e.g. GSI, ORNL)

“large” Qlarge density of levels and more complicated decay schemes – usually low ray multiplicities, but isomers!

mls QQ

Role of ENSDF in Nuclear Physics Research Filip G. Kondev Nuclear Engineering Division IAEA...

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