Role of Allied Agriculture Sector in Doubling Farmers’

Income

Dr. O.P. Chaudhary

Joint Secretary (NLM),

Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries,

Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare,

Government of India

Indian Agriculture : Production Status of allied sector products

Item Production in 1950-51

(in Million

Tonnes )

Production in

2016-17

(in Million

Tonnes)

Times increase

Milk 17.00 163.74 9.63

Fish 0.75 10.80 14.36

Egg 1830 87050 47.57

Meat 1.9 (1998-99 level) 7.37 3.88

Source: DG(ICAR) modified from presentation to Consultative Committee on Agriculture

Selected food Total domestic demand for commodities (Million tonnes)

Food items 2009-10 Estimated for 2050

At current rate of growth

Milk 111.5 401.4

Meat 6.0 13.8

Egg 58.2 183.9

Fish 7.1 22.4

Source: ICAR (modified)

Agricultural Land Size and Agricultural Families according to the Agricultural Census of 2010-11

Criteria Marginal

farmer

Small

farmer

Semi-

medium

farmer

Medium farmer Large

farmer

average size

1 Average size of

agricultural

land (hectare)

0.38 1.42 2.71 5.76 17.37 1.16

2

Agricultural

laborers (%)

67.04 17.93 10.05 4.25 0.73 100

84.97

85% of the total cultivation is by small and marginal farmers. This is 44% of agricultural field.

The marginal farmers do not have any marketable product due to their agricultural holdings and family

size.

Source: ICAR

The current agricultural system in the country

• 52% of the farmer families are engaged in

two components of composite agricultural

system.

• 28% of the farmer families are engaged in

three components of composite

agricultural system.

Source: modified from ICAR

One 7%

Two 52%

Three 28%

Four 11%

Five 2%

Share of different components in Integrated Farming System

How to get sustainable livelihood

Only possible by agri-allied farming systems

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Scope of Agri-Allied Sector in doubling farmers income

• As the Per capita availability of land is getting reduced progressively, horizontal growth in agriculture has very limited scope in future. Further, crop production which is subjected to a high degree of uncertainty in income . Animal Husbandry activities require much lesser space in comparison to Crop farming.

• Animal husbandry generate more income per unit of comparison to traditional agriculture and thus when taken as an ancillary activities also fulfils the goal of per drop more crop.

• In this context, integration of various agriculture enterprises viz. agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery, horticulture, forestry etc. have great potentialities in the agriculture economy to enble doubling of farmers income.

Scope of Agri-Allied Sector in doubling farmers income… contd

• A judicious mix of agri-allied sectorlike dairy, poultry, piggery, fishery, sericulture etc. suited to the given agro climatic conditions and socio economic status of the farmers would will help increase their income.

• The composite agri and allied sector helps optimal utilization of resources. Sustainable

soil fertility, environmental protection and productivity through organic waste recycling

• Sustainable agriculture practices like rain water harvesting, integrated farming and adaptation of scientific and modern method of animal husbandry helps to increase the farmers’ income, as well as to secure the farms, need for food, feed, fodder and fuel.

• Increase farm income through proper residue recycling and allied components. Inclusion of biogas & agro forestry will help in energy generation

• Allied activities will result in the availability of nutritious food enriched with protein, carbohydrate, fat, minerals and vitamins.

Scope of Agri-Allied Sector in doubling farmers income… contd

• Reduced production cost of components through input recycling from the by-products of allied activities.

• Regular stable income through the products like eggs etc. from the linked activities.

• Cultivation of fodder crops as intercropping and as border cropping will result in the availability of adequate nutritious fodder for animal components like milch cow, goat / sheep, pigs etc.

• Generation of regular employment for the farm family members of small and marginal farmers.

Composite Agri-allied farming system: Options

• cropping systems • fruit orchard • dairy • goatery • poultry • piggery • aquaculture • mushroom • apiary

• bio-gas • sericulture • roof –top gardening • compost yards • kitchen garden • boundary / bund plantation • agroforestry • horti – pasture • and processing and value addition of

marketable surplus products.

• These modules can be selected by the farmers based on the resource availability such as land, labour and capital for investment. By reduction of cost of production of component, the profitability per rupee invested is enhanced.

• Changes are compulsorily made in all components of farming systems by way of introducing new crops, livestock species and product or processing techniques aiming to increase the income of the family with external resource.

It can comprise of several modules such as

Improvement of existing farming systems practiced by the marginal and small farmers

• The traditional Indian farming systems have gradually changed to external input driven systems which have reduced the profitability from the existing systems.

• Therefore, strategies are being developed for improving the productivity and profitability of farming systems of marginal and small farmers with low cost interventions such as improved varieties, balanced fertilizer application, round the year fodder production integration of other low cost components such as poultry, goatery, piggery, mushroom, bee keeping, Floriculture bio- gas etc.

• Modules of composite agri-allied farming encompasses cropping system -Livestock diversification, product diversification, capacity building including post-harvest and value addition and assessing its impact.

Incentives for adoption of composite agri-allied

farming

• It not only improves the income and nutrition of farm households, takes care of environment by way of recycling the wastes.

• It also involve tree components in the form of orchards, agro-forestry, horti-pasture etc which can make the farming greenhouse emission neutral.

• Therefore, incentivization of composite agri-allied farming needs to be done.

• This will also enable the percolation of good agricultural practices among farmers.

Source: ICAR

Establishment of Institutional mechanism for popularization of environment friendly agri-allied production technologies

• A separate institutional mechanism for popularization and percolation of environment friendly agri-allied production technologies are essential.

• This may comprise of DADF, MIDH, DAC&FW, institutes of ICAR, SAUs, KVKs, ATMA, State Governments etc.

• Further, the demonstration of modules suitable to each agro- ecology through KVKs would aiding in capacity building and market linkages at the local level.

Source: Modified from ICAR

Some modules of Integrated farming for doubling farmers' income

• Integrated Dairy and Crops

• Integrated Fish and Poultry

• Integrated fish cum duck farming

• Integrated pig-fish horticulture / vegetable farming system model

• Integrated goat and fish farming system model

• Integrated agriculture , fodder, agroforestry and Sheep / Goat farming

Integrated agricultural system with Dairy + Crop + Others

Place Present system Net profit

( Rs. /Ha.)

Agriculture system Net profit (Rs.) Profit

cost

ratio

Sabour (Bihar) Crop + Dairy 83,800 Crop system + dairy +

fisheries + Goat + duck

3,14,000 3.2

Varanasi (Uttar

Pradesh)

Crop + Dairy 71,573 Crop system + dairy +

fisheries + Poultry +

Gardening + Mushroom

3,75,835 3.4

Ludhiana

(Punjab)

Crop + Dairy 1,63,000 Crop system + horticulture

+ fisheries + Honey Bee+

Others

3,28,191 2.8

Compared to the consolidation of the various components of the integrated agricultural system, double the

profit per unit of net profit increased the economic.

Source: Modified from ICAR

Cattle Rearing + Cereal + Vegetable + Pig rearing

Source: Kanker success story

Economic demonstration some modules

Place Area

(ha)

Total income

(in Rs.)

Cost

(in Rs.)

Net income

(in Rs.)

Calicut Kerala (Spices + Dairy) 0.40 2,31,410 1,53,000 1,08,410

Meghalaya (Crop + Horti + Dairy +

Fisheries)

0.43 1,30,593 57,588 73,005

Coimbatore Tamil Nadu (Crop+

Forestry farming+ Dairy)

0.40 3,04,930 95,030 2,09,900

Goat + Pig + Cereal + Vermi-composting

Source: Kanker success story

Net Profit illustration of Crop + Dairy + Fisheries Farming

Specific business Enterprise Production cost

(in Rs)

Net income (in Rs.) Profit cost ratio

Farming (1.0

Hectare)

Paddy wheat

(with

advanced

package)

42,240 43,828 2.0

Dairy (1.0 Hectare) 3 cows + 2

buffaloes

50,955 87,800 2.7

Fisheries (1.0

Hectare)

Fish 1,25,000 1,68,000 2.3

Fish+ Paddy + Goat

Source: Government of Kerala

Consolidated farm model to get monthly income for 5 family members and 1 hectare land

Rs. 1.29 lakh worth of waste recycled every year from various components of

the system.

Model creates 730 man days of employment

S.No. Activity Quantum/ area/ type

1 Diversified crops 0.78 Hectare

2 Dairy 2 cow

3 Goat 11no.

4 Fish 0.1 ha

5 Duck 25 no.

6 Planting plant around the farm Subabul and Moringa

Source: Modified from ICAR

Some success stories

rice-fish-poultry farming system • rice-fish-poultry farming system in 12 village of Cuddalore, Villupuram, Nagapattinam and

Thiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu to enhance farmers income.

• Annamalai University demonstrated 430 farm holding in 12 villages. The intervention included transplanted rice in 200 M2 Area, 20 Poultry birds kept in cages and 100 fingerlings (Rohu, Mrial, Catla, Common Carp) in trench of 20 m 2 area .

• The results indicated annual increase in net return per household by Rs. 33,000/- to Rs. 50,500/ ha/ year for two and three crops, respectively.

• Poultry manure addition due to poultry dropping was 11.4 to 19.6 tonne/ ha and also pest suppression ranged from 17% to 27%.

Goats and other livestock • Central Institute for Research on Goats has recommended that mix farming involving

goats, buffalo/ cow/ chick, crop/fodder, production aids in farmer’s income generation.

Some success stories (Contd.)

pig/ poultry–fish vegetable farming system module

• Pig rearing is one of the alternative livelihood options for most of the people in Assam, especially in backward areas. However, they are mostly rearing local breed in the backyard with poor condition. As a result, income from pig rearing is less.

• Composite system with cross bred pigs /poultry, fish and horticulture as well as improved method of rearing was demonstrated for enhanced incomein Lakhimpur, Kokrajhar and Karbianglong districts of Assam.

• The results indicated that on an average a farmer can get an income of RS. 54500/- and RS. 90,000 from poultry fish vegetable and pigfish vegetable system, respectively.

Thank You