Rol - 8/3/2010 Slava Symposium 1 The Entrepreneurial Slava or why the next energy frontier/ lepton...

Rol - 8/3/2010Rol - 8/3/2010 Slava SymposiumSlava Symposium 11

The Entrepreneurial Slava The Entrepreneurial Slava oror

why the next energy frontier/ why the next energy frontier/ lepton collider will be lepton collider will be ++--

Muons, Inc.

Rolland Johnson, Muons, Inc.

outlineoutline An almost accidental meeting at a JLab 2003 workshop led to a An almost accidental meeting at a JLab 2003 workshop led to a

close friendship and very productive collaboration with Slava.close friendship and very productive collaboration with Slava.(preceded by meeting Quentin and being fired by Andrew) (preceded by meeting Quentin and being fired by Andrew)

New techniques for muon cooling to enable intense stopping New techniques for muon cooling to enable intense stopping muon beams, neutrino factories, Higgs factories, Z’ factories, and muon beams, neutrino factories, Higgs factories, Z’ factories, and muon colliders muon colliders invented mostly by Slava invented mostly by Slava have been the basis for have been the basis for several Muons, Inc. grants. These have been used to support several Muons, Inc. grants. These have been used to support several several postdocspostdocs, physicists, and engineers to do good things., physicists, and engineers to do good things.• Katsuya Yonehara, David Newsham, Shahid Ahmed, Guimei Katsuya Yonehara, David Newsham, Shahid Ahmed, Guimei

Wang, Mohammad Alsharo’a, Pierick Hanlet, Kevin Paul, Wang, Mohammad Alsharo’a, Pierick Hanlet, Kevin Paul, Vasiliy Morozov, Gene Flanagan, Masa Notani (+ 4 Ph.D. Students)Vasiliy Morozov, Gene Flanagan, Masa Notani (+ 4 Ph.D. Students)

I will describe some of these inventions, and the status of the I will describe some of these inventions, and the status of the technology being developed to implement them.technology being developed to implement them.• Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) = helical dipole +helical quadrupole + solenoidHelical Cooling Channel (HCC) = helical dipole +helical quadrupole + solenoid• Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling (PIC), Epicyclic PIC--> twin helixParametric-resonance Ionization Cooling (PIC), Epicyclic PIC--> twin helix• Reverse Emittance Exchange (REMEX) with absorbersReverse Emittance Exchange (REMEX) with absorbers


Muons, Inc.


New Inventions/DevelopmentsNew Inventions/Developments New Ionization Cooling TechniquesNew Ionization Cooling Techniques

• Emittance exchange with continuous absorber for longitudinal cooling Emittance exchange with continuous absorber for longitudinal cooling • Helical Cooling Channel Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) Derbenev(HCC) Derbenev• Momentum-dependent Helical Cooling ChannelMomentum-dependent Helical Cooling Channel

6D Precooling device, muon stopping beam6D Precooling device, muon stopping beam (mu2e) Yonehara(mu2e) Yonehara 6D cooling demonstration experiment 6D cooling demonstration experiment (MANX) Cummings(MANX) Cummings

• Ionization cooling using a parametric resonance Ionization cooling using a parametric resonance (PIC) Derbenev(PIC) Derbenev Methods to manipulate phase space partitionsMethods to manipulate phase space partitions

• Reverse emittance exchange using absorbers Reverse emittance exchange using absorbers (REMEX) Derbenev(REMEX) Derbenev• Bunch coalescing (NF and MC can share injector)Bunch coalescing (NF and MC can share injector) (mucoal) Bhat(mucoal) Bhat

Technology for better coolingTechnology for better cooling• Pressurized RF cavities Pressurized RF cavities (HPRF) Johnson(HPRF) Johnson• Helical Solenoid Helical Solenoid (HS) Kashikhin(HS) Kashikhin• Higher FieldsHigher Fields (HTS) Zlobin, Schwartz(HTS) Zlobin, Schwartz• Simulation programs Simulation programs (G4BL) Roberts(G4BL) Roberts

BNL inventions/extensions to earlier workBNL inventions/extensions to earlier work PalmerPalmer• Big HelixBig Helix (Gugenheim) (Gugenheim) • Cooling channel ideasCooling channel ideas (super Fernow)(super Fernow)• Low energy emittance exchange in high BLow energy emittance exchange in high B (HTS)(HTS)

Muons, Inc.


Muons, Inc. Project HistoryMuons, Inc. Project History YearYear Project Project Funds Funds Research PartnerResearch Partner 20022002 Company founded Company founded 2002-52002-5 High Pressure RF CavityHigh Pressure RF Cavity $600,000 $600,000 IIT (Kaplan)IIT (Kaplan) 2003-72003-7 Helical Cooling ChannelHelical Cooling Channel $850,000$850,000 JLab (Derbenev)JLab (Derbenev) 2004-52004-5†† MANX demo experimentMANX demo experiment $ 95,000$ 95,000 FNAL (Yarba)FNAL (Yarba) 2004-7 2004-7 Phase Ionization CoolingPhase Ionization Cooling $745,000$745,000 JLab (Derbenev)JLab (Derbenev) 2004-72004-7 HTS MagnetsHTS Magnets $795,000$795,000 FNAL (Yarba)FNAL (Yarba) 2005-82005-8 Reverse Emittance Exch.Reverse Emittance Exch. $850,000$850,000 JLab (Derbenev)JLab (Derbenev) 2005-82005-8 Capture, ph. rotationCapture, ph. rotation $850,000$850,000 FNAL (Neuffer)FNAL (Neuffer) 2006-9 2006-9 G4BL Sim. ProgramG4BL Sim. Program $850,000 $850,000 IIT (Kaplan)IIT (Kaplan) 2006-92006-9 MANX 6D Cooling Demo MANX 6D Cooling Demo $850,000$850,000 FNAL (Lamm)FNAL (Lamm) 2007-102007-10 Stopping Muon BeamsStopping Muon Beams $750,000$750,000 FNAL (Ankenbrandt)FNAL (Ankenbrandt) 2007-102007-10 HCC MagnetsHCC Magnets $750,000$750,000 FNAL (Zlobin)FNAL (Zlobin) 2007-82007-8 Compact, Tunable RFCompact, Tunable RF $100,000$100,000 FNAL (Popovic)FNAL (Popovic) 2008-92008-9 RF Breakdown StudiesRF Breakdown Studies $100,000$100,000 LBNL (Li) ANL (Gai)LBNL (Li) ANL (Gai) 2008-92008-9 Rugged RF WindowsRugged RF Windows $100,000$100,000 Jlab (Rimmer)Jlab (Rimmer) 2008-92008-9 H2-filled RF CavitiesH2-filled RF Cavities $100,000$100,000 FNAL (Yonehara)FNAL (Yonehara)(except for stopping muons and HCC magnet, these are finished.(except for stopping muons and HCC magnet, these are finished. Slava can be blamed for the underlined onesSlava can be blamed for the underlined ones))

Muons, Inc.


Project History (cont.)Project History (cont.) YearYear Project Expected Funds Research Partner Project Expected Funds Research Partner 2008-112008-11 Pulsed Quad RLAsPulsed Quad RLAs $850,000$850,000 JLab (Bogacz)JLab (Bogacz) 2008-112008-11 Fiber Optics for HTSFiber Optics for HTS $800,000$800,000 NCSU (Schwartz)NCSU (Schwartz) 2009-102009-10 DC Gun InsulatorDC Gun Insulator $100,000$100,000* * JLab (Poelker)JLab (Poelker) 2009-102009-10 Hi Field YBCO MagnetsHi Field YBCO Magnets $100,000$100,000* * NCSU (Schwartz)NCSU (Schwartz) 2009-122009-12 HOM AbsorbersHOM Absorbers $850,000$850,000** Cornell(Hoffstaetter)Cornell(Hoffstaetter) 2009-122009-12 Quasi Isochronous HCCQuasi Isochronous HCC $850,000$850,000** FNAL (Neuffer)FNAL (Neuffer) 2009-122009-12 H-minus SourcesH-minus Sources $850,000$850,000* * ORNL/SNS (Stockli)ORNL/SNS (Stockli) 2009-12 2009-12 Hi Power Coax CouplerHi Power Coax Coupler $850,000$850,000* * JLab (Rimmer)JLab (Rimmer) 2009-122009-12 f –locked Magnetronsf –locked Magnetrons $850,000$850,000* * FNAL (Popovic)FNAL (Popovic) 2009-102009-10 Mono-E PhotonsMono-E Photons $122,588$122,588 contract w PNNL contract w PNNL 2009-10 2009-10 Project-X and MC/NFProject-X and MC/NF $260,000 $260,000 contract w FNALcontract w FNAL 2009-102009-10 MCP and ps timersMCP and ps timers $108,338$108,338 contract w ANL contract w ANL 20102010 Mono-E Photons II Mono-E Photons II $ 50,000$ 50,000 contract w PNNLcontract w PNNL 20102010 MAPMAP $ 39,969$ 39,969 contract w FNAL contract w FNAL 20102010 MAPMAP $ 15,770$ 15,770 contract w FNAL contract w FNAL 20102010 805 MHz RF Cavity 805 MHz RF Cavity $230,000$230,000 contract w LANL contract w LANL 2010-112010-11 Epicyclic PICEpicyclic PIC $100,000$100,000 JLab (Derbenev)JLab (Derbenev) 2010-112010-11 Crab CavityCrab Cavity $100,000$100,000 JLab (Rimmer)JLab (Rimmer) 2010-112010-11 ps detectors for MANXps detectors for MANX $100,000$100,000 UChicago (Frisch)UChicago (Frisch) 2010-112010-11 MC IR BackgroundsMC IR Backgrounds $100,000$100,000 NIU (Hedin)NIU (Hedin)

Total SBIR-STTR $14,435,000, non-SBIR $1,751,551Total SBIR-STTR $14,435,000, non-SBIR $1,751,551

Muons, Inc.

* Phase II Decisions announced yesterday!!!

Muons, Inc. grants & contracts ($k/y)Muons, Inc. grants & contracts ($k/y)


Muons, Inc.


5 TeV

Modified Livingston Plot taken from: W. K. H. Panofsky and M. Breidenbach, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, s121-s132 (1999)

Muon Colliders: Back to the Livingston Plot A lepton collider at the energy frontier!

Muons, Inc.


Ultimate Goal:Ultimate Goal:High-Energy High-Luminosity High-Energy High-Luminosity

Muon CollidersMuon Colliders precision lepton machines at the energy frontierprecision lepton machines at the energy frontier achieved in physics-motivated stages that require achieved in physics-motivated stages that require

developing inventions and technology, e.g. developing inventions and technology, e.g. • high-power 8-GeV Hhigh-power 8-GeV H-- Linac (CW with AR & BRs, Linac (CW with AR & BRs, ADSRADSR))• stopping muon beams (HCC, EEXwHomogeneous absorber)stopping muon beams (HCC, EEXwHomogeneous absorber)• neutrino factory (HCC with HPRF, RLA in CW Proj-X)neutrino factory (HCC with HPRF, RLA in CW Proj-X)• Z’ factory (low Luminosity collider, HE RLA)Z’ factory (low Luminosity collider, HE RLA)• Higgs factory (extreme cooling, low beta, super-detectors)Higgs factory (extreme cooling, low beta, super-detectors)• Energy-frontier muon collider (more cooling, lower beta)Energy-frontier muon collider (more cooling, lower beta)

Muons, Inc.

LEMC Scenario (2008)LEMC Scenario (2008)


Muons, Inc.

Bogacz DogbonesScheme


Neutrino Factory use of 8 GeV SC LinacNeutrino Factory use of 8 GeV SC Linac

~ 700m Active Length

Possible 8 GeV Project X Linac

Target and Muon Cooling Channel Recirculating

Linac for Neutrino Factory

Bunching Ring

Beam cooling allows muons to be recirculated in the same linac that accelerated protons for their creation, Running the Linac CW can put a lot of cold muons into a small aperture neutrino factory storage ring.

Muons, Inc.


Muon Collider use of 8 GeV SC LinacMuon Collider use of 8 GeV SC Linac

~ 700m Active Length

8 GeV Linac

Target and Muon Cooling Channel Recirculating

Linac for Neutrino Factory

Bunching Ring

Or a coalescing ring (also new for COOL07) can prepare more intense bunches for a muon collider

µ+ to RLA

µ- to RLA

23 GeV Coalescing Ring

Muons, Inc.

Rol - 8/3/2010 Slava Symposium 13

z

RFp

inp

cool out RFp p p

absp

inp

a

Absorber Plate

• Each particle loses momentum by ionizing a low-Z absorber

• Only the longitudinal momentum is restored by RF cavities

• The angular divergence is reduced until limited by multiple scattering

• Successive applications of this principle with clever variations leads to small emittances for many applications

• Early work: Budker, Ado & Balbekov, Skrinsky & Parkhomchuk, Neuffer

Principle of Ionization CoolingMuons, Inc.


Transverse Emittance ICTransverse Emittance IC The equation describing the rate of cooling is a balance The equation describing the rate of cooling is a balance

between cooling (first term) and heating (second term):between cooling (first term) and heating (second term):

Here Here nn is the normalized emittance, Eis the normalized emittance, Eµµ is theis the muon energy muon energy

in GeV, dEin GeV, dEµµ/ds and X/ds and X00 are the energy loss and radiation are the energy loss and radiation

length of the absorber medium, length of the absorber medium, is the transverse beta-is the transverse beta-

function of the magnetic channel, and function of the magnetic channel, and is the particle is the particle velocity. velocity.

2

2 30

(0.014)1 1

2n n

dEd

ds ds E E m X

Muons, Inc.

Bethe-Bloch Moliere (with low Z mods)


Ionization Cooling is only transverse. To get 6D cooling, emittance exchange between transverse and longitudinal coordinates is needed.

Wedges or Continuous Energy Absorber Wedges or Continuous Energy Absorber for Emittance Exchange and 6d Coolingfor Emittance Exchange and 6d Cooling

Muons, Inc.


6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber 6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber

Helical cooling channel (HCC)Helical cooling channel (HCC)• Continuous absorber for emittance exchangeContinuous absorber for emittance exchange

• Solenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fieldsSolenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fields• Helical dipoles known from Siberian SnakesHelical dipoles known from Siberian Snakes• z- and time-independent Hamiltonianz- and time-independent Hamiltonian• Derbenev & Johnson, Derbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCCTheory of HCC, April/05 PRST-AB, April/05 PRST-AB

http://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdfhttp://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdf

Muons, Inc.


Particle Motion in a Helical MagnetParticle Motion in a Helical Magnet

Blue: Beam envelope

2

z

pa

p

Red: Reference orbit

Magnet Center

Combined function magnet (invisible in this picture)Solenoid + Helical dipole + Helical Quadrupole

Dispersive component makes longer path length for higher momentum particles and shorter path length for lower momentum particles.

Muons, Inc.

Opposing radial forces;

;

h dipole z

solenoid z z

F p B b B

F p B B B

Transforming to the frame of the rotating helical dipole leads to a time and z –independent Hamiltonian

b' added for stability and acceptance

Some Important Relationships

Rol - 8/3/2010 Slava Symposium 18

2

2

11

3ckqk

21ck B p

2

2

1ˆ 2p da

Da dp

0q

2 2 2

3 2 2

1 1 1ˆ1

dD

d

2

2ˆ

1D

2

1

transition

2 21 1( )p a B b

k

2k ka Hamiltonian Solution

Equal cooling decrements

Longitudinal cooling only

~Momentum slip factor

~

Muons, Inc.


Katsuya Yonehara achievement!


Personal excitement over recent progress

•Technology Development•Magnets

•1st HCC magnets with NbTi built, iterations underway•Final HCC magnets using HTS engineered based on HS•Two-coil YBCO HS about to be tested •Fiber optic quench protection to be experimentally developed•High field magnet development funded by SBIR-STTR

•RF Cavities•First SF6 doping studies support models (which imply beam capability)•Beam to the MTA soon•Dielectric loaded RF to be tested•Engineering solutions for HTS HCC with integrated RF

•RF power•Phase and frequency locked magnetron prototype being built

Muons, Inc.


Two Different Designs of Helical Cooling MagnetTwo Different Designs of Helical Cooling Magnet

•Siberian snake type magnet•Consists of 4 layers of helix dipole to produce tapered helical dipole fields.•Coil diameter is 1.0 m.•Maximum field is more than 10 T.

•Helical solenoid coil magnet•Consists of 73 single coils (no tilt).•Maximum field is 5 T •Coil diameter is 0.5 m.

Large bore channel(conventional)

Small bore channel(helical solenoid)

Helical Solenoid. Great new innovation!

Muons, Inc.


Muons, Inc.


5T Solenoid

Pressure barrier

Mark II Test Cell

MuCool Test Area (MTA)

Wave guide to coax adapter

Muons, Inc.


HPRF Test Cell Measurements in MTAHPRF Test Cell Measurements in MTA

Electrode breakdown regionPaschen region

Electrode breakdown region

Muons, Inc.

• Paschen curve verified Paschen curve verified • Maximum gradient limited by breakdown of metal.Maximum gradient limited by breakdown of metal.• Cu and Be have same breakdown limits (~50 MV/m), Mo(~63MV/m), W(~75MV/m).Cu and Be have same breakdown limits (~50 MV/m), Mo(~63MV/m), W(~75MV/m).• Results show no B dependence, much different metallic breakdown than for vacuum cavities. Results show no B dependence, much different metallic breakdown than for vacuum cavities. • Need beam tests to prove HPRF works.Need beam tests to prove HPRF works.

100 atm


Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling

x

Excite ½ integer parametric resonance (in Linac or ring)Excite ½ integer parametric resonance (in Linac or ring) Like vertical rigid pendulum or ½-integer extraction Like vertical rigid pendulum or ½-integer extraction

• (Some inspiration from Don Edwards)(Some inspiration from Don Edwards) Elliptical phase space motion becomes hyperbolicElliptical phase space motion becomes hyperbolic Use xx’=const to reduce x, increase x’ Use xx’=const to reduce x, increase x’ Use IC to reduce x’Use IC to reduce x’

New Progress by Vasiliy Morozov: Epicyclic Twin Helix Solution. New Progress by Vasiliy Morozov: Epicyclic Twin Helix Solution. Detuning issues being addressed (chromatic and spherical Detuning issues being addressed (chromatic and spherical aberrations, space-charge tune spread). Simulations. aberrations, space-charge tune spread). Simulations.

Smaller beams from 6D HCC cooling essential for this to work!Smaller beams from 6D HCC cooling essential for this to work!

X’

X

X’

X

Muons, Inc.


Reverse Emittance Exchange, Coalescing Reverse Emittance Exchange, Coalescing p(cooling)=100MeV/c, p(colliding)=2.5 TeV/c => room in p(cooling)=100MeV/c, p(colliding)=2.5 TeV/c => room in ΔΔp/p spacep/p space Shrink the transverse dimensions of a muon beam to increase the luminosity of Shrink the transverse dimensions of a muon beam to increase the luminosity of

a muon collider using wedge absorbersa muon collider using wedge absorbers Allow bunch length to increase to size of low betaAllow bunch length to increase to size of low beta Low energy space charge, beam loading, wake fields problems avoidedLow energy space charge, beam loading, wake fields problems avoided 20 GeV Bunch coalescing in a ring Neutrino factory and muon collider now have 20 GeV Bunch coalescing in a ring Neutrino factory and muon collider now have

a common patha common path

EvacuatedDipole

Wedge Abs

Incident Muon Beam

p

t

Concept of Reverse Emittance Exch. 1.3 GHz Bunch Coalescing at 20 GeV

RF

Drift

Cooled at 100 MeV/c

RF at 20 GeV

Coalesced in 20 GeV ring

Muons, Inc.


6DMANX demonstration experiment6DMANX demonstration experimentMMuon Collider uon Collider AAnd nd NNeutrino Factory eeutrino Factory eXXperiment periment

To Demonstrate To Demonstrate • Longitudinal coolingLongitudinal cooling• 6D cooling in cont. absorber6D cooling in cont. absorber• Prototype precooler Prototype precooler • Helical Cooling ChannelHelical Cooling Channel• Use for stopping muon beamsUse for stopping muon beams• New technologyNew technology

Muons, Inc.

See Kashikhin, Yonehara, Cummings

New Phase I grant with UC to develop ps counters for spectrometers for MANX

Rol - Dec 1, 2009Rol - Dec 1, 2009 MCDW BNLMCDW BNL 3232

Personal excitement over recent progress (cntd)

•New Synergies

•Project-X heeding MC and NF needs•Contributing to: H- Source, magnetron, couplers,

•Mu2e experiment P-X upgrade uses muon cooling techniques, •Favorable reviews, but still awaiting Fermilab response to “MANX following MICE” and “Mu2e Upgrade” proposals•My lesson – need to have at least two competitors

•Homeland Security•Muons for Special Nuclear Material (SNM) detection

•Advanced Research Project Administration – Energy (ARPA-E)•Accelerator-Driven Subcritical (ADS) Power Generation, and

Nuclear Waste Disposal (ATW)•Can ARPA-E help fund and expedite more powerful Project-X, to make sure MC and NF needs are met?

Muons, Inc.


Muons, Inc.

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Rol - 8/3/2010 Slava Symposium 1 The Entrepreneurial Slava or why the next energy frontier/ lepton...

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