Rocky Coasts - OCVTS.org · Geologic Features of Rocky Coasts • Fjords: formed when glacial...

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Rocky Coasts Isabella Garramone Oceanography Fall 2009

Transcript of Rocky Coasts - OCVTS.org · Geologic Features of Rocky Coasts • Fjords: formed when glacial...

Page 1: Rocky Coasts - OCVTS.org · Geologic Features of Rocky Coasts • Fjords: formed when glacial valleys fill with water when the sea lever rises. • Pocket Beaches: protected embayments

Rocky CoastsIsabella GarramoneOceanography Fall 2009

Page 2: Rocky Coasts - OCVTS.org · Geologic Features of Rocky Coasts • Fjords: formed when glacial valleys fill with water when the sea lever rises. • Pocket Beaches: protected embayments

General Overview• 75% of the world’s coasts are rocky.• “As with most landforms rocky

shores reflect the structure and 

strength of the exposed lithologies, the physical and  chemical processes acting on them, and the time they're 

allowed to do so. “

• Waves approach a shoreline from all sides in varying angles.

• The surf erodes softer rock faster than the surrounding  rock.

• Rocky coasts have a narrow continental shelf that pitches  sharply from land to sea.

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Shaping of Rocky Coasts• Physical Weathering: the erosion of land by waves, wind, or 

the movement of glaciers.

• Chemical Weathering:  hydrolysis, oxidation, and salt 

weathering.

• Bioerosion:  the erosion of land by algae or other organisms 

that either dissolve layers of rock or tunnel into it.Mainly on coasts made of carbonate.

Limestone bored by clams 

and sponges (bioerosion).

Page 4: Rocky Coasts - OCVTS.org · Geologic Features of Rocky Coasts • Fjords: formed when glacial valleys fill with water when the sea lever rises. • Pocket Beaches: protected embayments

Geologic Features of Rocky Coasts

• Fjords:

formed when glacial valleys fill with water when the 

sea lever rises.

• Pocket Beaches:

protected embayments where wave action 

is subdued and sediment is not carried away.

• Sea Caves:

carved out from bedrock by prolonged wave 

action.

• Sea Cliffs:

a very steep slope separates flat land from the 

water.

• Sea Arches and Sea Stacks: isolated remnants of the 

mainland that will eventually be completely eroded away.

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Pocket

•After caving in, a sea arch becomes 

a sea stack which will eventually 

become a sea stump.

Sea Cliff

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Where are Rocky Coasts Found?

• Found where there is a history of erosion exceeding rates of 

sedimentation, or sediment is either low or not retained.

• Active Tectonic Environments– volcanic islands: rapid uplift inhibits the development of sediment 

equilibrium (reef development is common)

– Example: parts of the coast of California

• Where Mountains and the Sea collide 

• Where glaciers played a large role in carving out the 

landscape; rapid glacial escape leaves little material behind to

make beaches.– Examples: Maine & Alaska

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Shipwreck Coast: Victoria, Australia

• Shipwreck Coast is  made primarily of 

limestone.

• There are numerous sea  stacks in the water & 

underwater rock  formations that have 

sunken more than 200  ships.

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Species that Live on Rocky Coasts

• Many species live in tide pools on top 

of the rocks, such as snails and 

macroinvertebrates.• Algae, such as bladderwort, clings and 

grows off of the rocks.• Smaller fish & organisms (such as 

juvenile lobsters) find refuge from 

predators in the underwater crevices 

the rocks provide.• The animals living in the intertidal 

zones must be able to withstand being 

underwater and above water for 

prolonged periods.• Barnacles

attach themselves to the 

rocks as a base and use it as leverage 

to sweep the surrounding area for 

plankton.

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Rocky Coasts + Global Climate Change• As glaciers melt and sea level 

rises, rocky coastlines will 

become even more eroded than 

before.• Many sea arches and sea stacks 

will tumble or some sea caves 

may enlarge or cave in.• Increasingly turbulent storms as a 

results of warmer waters will 

erode the exposed rocks more 

rapidly.• The waves produced by these 

larger storms will also erode the 

rocks at sea level more rapidly.

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Works Cited

• Hanson, Lindsay S., . "Rocky Coasts." Geomorphology. Salem State College 

Department of Geological Sciences, Web. 23 Sep 2009. 

<http://w3.salemstate.edu/~lhanson/gls214/gls214_rocky.html>

• "Oceans." Erosional and Depositional Features of Waves. Vancouver School Board, 

Web. 24 Sep 2009. 

<http://stloe.most.go.th/html/lo_index/LOcanada6/606/6_en.htm>.

• "Rocky Coasts." Geologic Features of Rocky Coasts. National Park Service, Web. 24 

Sep 2009. 

<http://www.teachersdomain.org/ext/ess05_int_coastrock/05_R_GeoFeatures.ht

m>. 

• Wilson, Mark A., . "Bioerosion." The College of Wooster Department of Geology, 

Web. 23 Sep 2009. 

<http://www3.wooster.edu/geology/Bioerosion/Bioerosion.html >.