Science Subject

Identify the following.It is a volcano It is a volcano that has that has moderately moderately steep sides and steep sides and sometimes sometimes have small have small craters in their craters in their summits.summits.

This volcano This volcano consists almost consists almost entirely of entirely of loose, grainy loose, grainy cinders and cinders and almost no lava, almost no lava, They are small They are small volcanoes.volcanoes.

This volcano has This volcano has low slopes and low slopes and consists almost consists almost entirely of entirely of frozen lavas. frozen lavas. They almost They almost always have always have large craters in large craters in their summits.their summits.

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Rocks

What is rocks?

Rocks - it is a solid part of the earth.

3 Types of Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic RocksIgneous Rocks

Igneous RocksHow it is formed ?

Fire RocksFire Rocks Formed underground by trapped, cooled Formed underground by trapped, cooled

magmamagma Formed above ground when volcanoes Formed above ground when volcanoes

erupt and magma coolserupt and magma cools

2 Types of Igneous Rocks

Extrusive Igneous RocksExtrusive Igneous Rocks

Is made when Is made when magma comes magma comes to the Earth’s to the Earth’s surface in the surface in the form of lava form of lava and cools and and cools and harden.harden.

Intrusive Igneous RocksIntrusive Igneous Rocks

If the magma If the magma stays stays underground , underground , cools and harden.cools and harden.

Example of Igneous RocksGranite Scoria

Pumice Obsidian

Sedimentary RocksHow it is formed?

Wind and water break down the earthWind and water break down the earth Bits of earth settle in lakes and riversBits of earth settle in lakes and rivers Layers are formed and build upLayers are formed and build up Pressure and time turn the layers to rockPressure and time turn the layers to rock

3 Main Types of Sedimentary RocksClastic –Clastic –little pieces of broken up rock which little pieces of broken up rock which

have piled up and been “lithified” by have piled up and been “lithified” by compaction and sedimentation.compaction and sedimentation.

Chemical-Chemical- many of this form when standing many of this form when standing water evaporates, leaving dissolved water evaporates, leaving dissolved minerals behind.minerals behind.

Organic-Organic- many animals use calcium for many animals use calcium for shells, bones and teeth. These bits of shells, bones and teeth. These bits of calcium can pile up in the sea floor and calcium can pile up in the sea floor and accumulate into a thick enough layer to accumulate into a thick enough layer to form an organic sedimentary rock.form an organic sedimentary rock.

Example of Sedimentary Rocks

Gypsum

Sandstone

Shale

Limestone

Conglomerate

Metamorphic RocksHow it is formed?

Rocks that have changedRocks that have changed They were once igneous or sedimentaryThey were once igneous or sedimentary Pressure and heat changed the rocks Pressure and heat changed the rocks

2 Basic Types of Metamorphic Rocks

1. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks1. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

- rocks which have layered or banded - rocks which have layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure appearance that is produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure.to heat and directed pressure.

2. Non Foliated Metamorphic Rocks2. Non Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

- rocks which do not have a layered or - rocks which do not have a layered or banded appearance.banded appearance.

Examples of Metamorphic Rocks

Schist Gneiss

Rocks Have Been Used For Many Years

and For Many Things

Rocks