Rocks & minerals
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Transcript of Rocks & minerals
ROCKS & MINERALS
Minerals are always solid with particles in repeating
patterns- crystals
They are only found in Nature.
They are formed in the Earth’s mantle (from heat and
pressure) – near the surface when oxygen, calcium
and carbon combine in the ocean, and when hot,
mineral-rich water moves slowly through the cracks in
the Earth’s crust.
Minerals
EXAMPLES OF MINERALS:
Quartz CalciteIron
Hematite DiamondCalcite
PROPERTIES OF MINERALS:
Streak: color of the
powder left behind when
you rub a mineral against a
white tile called a streak
plate.
Luster: the way the
surface of a mineral reflects
light, either metallic (shiny) or
nonmetallic (dull)
Hardness: a mineral’s
ability to resist being
scratched as measured by
Mohs’s hardness scale
USES OF MINERALS:
Quartz makes glass. Diamonds make jewelry.
Many things that we see and use every day are made from iron.
Hematite can be used to make art.
What are three testers that can be used to determine a mineral’s hardness?
fingernail, penny, nail
ROCKS:Rocks are made up of two or more minerals.
They are not crystals
Some rocks form near the surface while others deep in
the crust.
There are THREE major categories of Rocks: 1. IGNEOUS2. SEDIMENTARY3. METAMORPHIC
IGNEOUS ROCKS:
Form when melted rocks harden
Fine-grained rocks (smooth) are from
lava
Coarse-grained rocks (rough) are from
magma. Obsidian Basalt Pumic
eGranite
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:
Formed from layers of sediment, created by
weathering, and erosion, that are dropped
from moving water, and are squeezed and
stuck together.
Fossils are usually found in sedimentary
rocks.
Conglomerate rocks have large pieces
and rom in shallow water
Siltstone is made up of smaller pieces
Limestone is made up of fine grained rock
Sandstone is made up of grains the size
of sand.
Fossil
conglomerate rock
Limestone
Sandstone
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Existing rocks are changed through high heat and
pressure to form different rocks
morph = change
Schist
Gneiss
Marble
Slate
ROCK CYCLELike most cycles, the materials are used over and
over.
Process include weathering, erosion, deposition,
melting, compaction, and cementation.