ROCKS AND MINERALS. GEOLOGY Science of our plant Earth MAGMA Earth's molten liquid rock Cools and...
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Transcript of ROCKS AND MINERALS. GEOLOGY Science of our plant Earth MAGMA Earth's molten liquid rock Cools and...
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ROCKS AND MINERALSROCKS AND MINERALS
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ROCKS AND MINERALSROCKS AND MINERALS
GEOLOGY Science of our
plant Earth
MAGMA Earth's molten
liquid rock Cools and starts
to crystallize Forms solid
minerals Two or more
minerals = rock
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MINERALSMINERALS
Basic building block of rocks 2000 types of minerals
Only 20 are common 95% of all rocks in existence Salt, graphite and gemstones are examples
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HOW TO DISTINGUISH MINERALSHOW TO DISTINGUISH MINERALS
Tests to Identify and Classify Streak test – true color of specimen Luster test – shine or reflection Hardness – scratch resistent or abrasive Cleavage – how the mineral breaks Crystalline structure – most important clue
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MINERALSMINERALS
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ROCK CYCLEROCK CYCLE
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TYPES OF ROCKSTYPES OF ROCKS
Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks
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IGNEOUS ROCKSIGNEOUS ROCKS
Means fire-formed Magma below crust
is liquid rock Lava when it
reaches the surface
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IGNEOUS ROCKSIGNEOUS ROCKS
Extrusive Igneous Rock
Rock formed after lava on surface cools and solidifies
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IGNEOUS ROCKSIGNEOUS ROCKS
Inclusive Igneous Rock Rock formed when magma below the crust
cools and solidifies Granite
75% of Earth's crust Yosemite National Park
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WEATHERING & PLATE TECTONICSWEATHERING & PLATE TECTONICS
Plate tectonics uplift and re-arrange land
Weathering and Erosion Expose Inclusive
Igneous rocks Exposed rocks are
broken down and transported
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKSSEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Broken and transported rock fragments Called sediment
Settle at low points Sediment is compacted and cemented
Lithification Form Sedimentary rocks
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKSSEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Small percentage of crust
70% of exposed rock Help geologists learn
about Earth's past
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKSSEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Contain fossils Preserved remains of plants and animals that
lived long ago Mostly hard parts (shells, bones and teeth) of
organisms Help determine past life and environments
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FOSSILSFOSSILS
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METAMORPHIC ROCKSMETAMORPHIC ROCKS
Means to change form
Created when igneous or sedimentary rocks transform
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METAMORPHIC ROCKSMETAMORPHIC ROCKS
Changes are caused by heat and pressure
Excessive heat and pressure can cause rocks to melt
When re-solidified a new igneous rock is formed
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ROLE IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENTROLE IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Stone Age Tools, shelter and weapons
Wars to gain other countries resources Industrial Revolution
Begin use of fossil fuels for energy
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WORK WITH ROCKS & MINERALSWORK WITH ROCKS & MINERALS
Construction Industry Limestone and gypsum = cement
Lapidarist Cut, polish and perfect crystals for jewelry
Paleontologist Uncover, examine and identify fossils
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EARTH'S RESOURCESEARTH'S RESOURCES
Fossil fuels Oil, gas, coal Non-renewable resource
Alternative renewable energy resources Recycling
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ROCKS AND MINERALSROCKS AND MINERALS
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QUIZQUIZ
QUESTION #1
What is the general name for the materialthat forms a unique crystal shape?
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QUIZQUIZ
QUESTION #2
A combination of different minerals form what object?
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QUIZQUIZ
QUESTION #3
Within the Earth, what happens to the rock when it is exposed to very high temperatures?
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QUIZQUIZ
QUESTION #4
What type of rock is made up of slowly buried sediments that were later cemented together by
dissolved minerals?
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QUIZQUIZ
QUESTION #5
How is a metamorphic rock formed?
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QUIZQUIZ
QUESTION #6
How do people use rocks in their everyday lives?
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QUIZQUIZ
QUESTION #7
Why is recycling important?
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QUIZQUIZ
QUESTION #8
True or False
Salt is a mineral.
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QUIZQUIZ
QUESTION #9
True or False
Fossils provide important evidence of how life existed in the past and reveal clues about their
environment.
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QUIZQUIZ
QUESTION #10
True or False
Igneous rock means “water-formed”.