ROBOTICS

ROBOTICS

Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots.

Robotics is related to the sciences of electronics, engineering, mechanics, and software.

The word robotics was derived from the word robot, which was introduced to the public by writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word robotics was first used in print by Asimov, published in May 1941 in Astounding Science Fiction.

In some of Asimov's other works, he states that the first use of the word robotics was in his short story (Astounding Science Fiction, March 1942) .

In 1942 the science fiction writer Isaac Asimov formulated his of Robotics

:Three Laws

1 - A robot may not harm humans and should not be allowed to happen hurt them.

2 - the robot must obey human orders except when it would interfere with the First Law.

3 - the robot must maintain its presence as long as it does not conflict with the first and second law.

In 1948 "Norbert Wiener" formulated the principles of cybernetics(Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the

structure of regulatory systems), the basis of practical robotics .

Fully autonomous robots only appeared in the second half of the 20th century. The first digitally operated and programmable

robot, was installed in 1961 to lift hot pieces of metal from a casting

machine and stack them .

Commercial and industrial robots are widespread today and used to perform jobs more cheaply, or more accurately and reliably,

than humans.

They are also employed in jobs which are too dirty, dangerous, or dull to be suitable for humans. Robots are widely used in

manufacturing, assembly, packing and packaging, transport, earth and space exploration, surgery, weaponry, laboratory research, safety, and the mass production of consumer and

industrial goods.

robot components1 -a power source

A robot needs a power source to drive its actuators. Electric robots use batteries or extension cord. Hydraulic robots need pumps to pressurize

the hydraulic fluid, and pneumatic robots need air compressors.2 -a moveable body

 Robots may have wheels, limbs connected by mechanical joints, or other types of moveable segments.

3 -an electrical circuit4 -an actuator

In order to be activated, robots may use an electric motor, a hydraulic system, a pneumatic system or a combination of all three.

5 -a reprogrammable brain (computer) The computer controls all other components. In order to change the

robot's behavior, you just have to reprogram the computer.

6 -a sensory system Some robots have the ability to collect information

about their environment and react to it.

1206 Created early humanoid automata, programmable automaton band Robot band, hand-washing automaton, automated moving

1495 Designs for a humanoid robot Mechanical knight Leonardo da Vinci

1738 Mechanical duck that was able to eat, flap its wings, and excrete Digesting Duck Jacques de Vaucanson

1921 First fictional automatons called "robots" appear in the play R.U.R. Rossum's Universal Robots Karel Čapek

1930 s Humanoid robot exhibited at the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs Elektro Westinghouse Electric Corporation

1956 First commercial robot, from the Unimation company founded by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger, based on Devol's patentsUnimate George Devol

1961 First installed industrial robot. Unimate George Devol

1973 First industrial robot with six electromechanically driven axes Famulus KUKA Robot Group

1975 Programmable universal manipulation arm, a Unimation product PUMA Victor Scheinman

advantages Robotics

1- Increase productivity2- Complete the work in a shorter time

3- Flexible and easy to work4- The ability to work in hazardous conditions

5 -Offers better accuracy in performance.

Scientists from several European countries and

Israel developed a prosthetic hand in 2009, called SmartHand, which functions like a real one

allowing patients to write with it, type on a

keyboard, play piano and perform other fine movements. The

prosthesis has sensors which enable the patient to sense real feeling in its

fingertips

There is a subfield within computer vision where artificial systems are designed to mimic the processing and behavior of biological systems, at different levels of complexity .

Also, some of the learning-based methods developed within computer vision have their background in biologytipes of robotics

1-Rolling robots2-Walking applied to robots

3-Hopping4-Flying(like autopilot can control the plane for each stage of the journey,

including takeoff, normal flight, and even landing.[69] Other flying robots are uninhabited ,

and are known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). They can be smaller and lighter without a human pilot onboard)

5-Snaking6-Skating

Climbing-78-Swimming

1 - robot in the industry.2 - medical robot.

3 - robot in entertainment and sports. 4 - robot in space research.

Some robotics applications: 

Indeed, the human skeletal and muscular systems are complicated for many reasons. For now, robots will most likely be manufactured for a limited number of distinct tasks such as painting, welding or lifting. Presumably,

once robots have the ability perform a much wider array of tasks, and voice recognition software improves such that computers can interpret complicated sentences in

varying accents, we may in fact see robots doing our housework and carrying out other tasks in the physical

world

Robotics is the art and commerce of robots, their design, manufacture, application, and practical use. Robots will soon be everywhere, in our home and at work. They will change the way we live. This

will raise many philosophical, social, and political questions that will have to be answered. In science fiction, robots become so intelligent that they decide to take over the world because

humans are deemed

 inferior. In real life, however, they might not choose to do that. Robots might follow rules such as Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics, that will prevent them from doing so. When the Singularity happens, robots will be indistinguishable from human beings and some people may become

Cyborgs: half man and half machine. This is an exemplary article .Table of Contents Social Impact Minimal requirements 2 Types of Robots Applications Home Applications Medical Applications

Military applications Technical challenges Timeline Robotics in 2020 edit Social Impact Given that in the next two decades robots will be capable of replacing humans in most manufacturing and service

jobs, economic development will be primarily determined by the advancement of robotics. Given Japan's current strength in this field, it may well become the economic leader in the next 20 years

Marshall Brain also discusses the emergence of robotic economy

Unfortunatly, due to Japan's shrinking population and poor government intervention plans, they will be completly unable

to capitalize on their (shrinking) advantage in technology. India's vast advantage in the fields of technology, and

Germany's massive amounts of capital will make them far larger powers then Japan

Microsoft Robotics Studio  

Microsoft is currently working to stabilize the fragmented robotics market with its new software Microsoft Robotics Studio

 Minimal requirements To start a robotic breakthrough we need

the following capabilities:

object recognition capabilities of a 2-year-old child languageunderstanding of a 4-year-old manual dexterity of a 6-year old

That will allow robotisation of most manual jobs in the world and will be the turning point in the robotic history

and for introducing the robots into social context we would need.

: Done By

Noura alGhmlasShoroug Fagihi

Khloud alAhmariAhad alQahtani