Robo$cs,(AI,(and(the(Macro3Economy( Jeffrey(D.(Sachs ...

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Robo$cs, AI, and the MacroEconomy Jeffrey D. Sachs Columbia University Beneficial AI 2017 Asilomar, California

Transcript of Robo$cs,(AI,(and(the(Macro3Economy( Jeffrey(D.(Sachs ...

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Robo$cs,  AI,  and  the  Macro-­‐Economy    

Jeffrey  D.  Sachs  Columbia  University  

 Beneficial  AI  2017  Asilomar,  California    

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Three  Great  Trends  of  Modern  Economic  Growth:      (1) Capital  (Human  and  Physical)  Replacing  Labor        (Labor  Share  from  ≈50%  to  ≈30%)  

 (2)   Steeply  Declining  Work  Time        (Roughly  3  hours  10  minutes  per  15yr+  pop)      

(2)   Sharply  Falling  Manual  Labor      (From  around  70%  to  ≈10%  of  the  Labor  Force)  

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Manual  work  has  declined  from      around  70%  of  the  popula$on  as        of  1900  to  around  10%  today  

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 On  any  given  day,  3  hours  10  min  work        42%  of  Adult  Americans  are  at  work,      averaging  7  hours  34  min  at  work    The  rest  are  in  leisure,  caregiving,    re$rement,  school,  unemployment,      incarcera$on,  etc.      Average  Work  is  probably  down  >  50%  

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In  general,  these  are  major  gains  to    life  quality  …  BUT    Unemployment  of  low-­‐skilled  workers    Rising  income  inequality    Side  effects  (e.g.  obesity  epidemic)  

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DECLINING  LABOR  SHARE:  CONVENTIONALLY  MEASURED  

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1900  

Human  Capital   Physical  Capital   Labor  Rough  es$mates  for  1900,  2017,  2050  

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2017  

Human  Capital   Physical  Capital   Labor  

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ONE  REALISTIC  POSSIBILITY  IS  A  DECISIVE  SHIFT  AGAINST  BOTH  LABOR  &  HUMAN  CAPITAL  

2050?  

Human  Capital   Physical  Capital   Labor  

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AUTOMOBILE  ASSEMBLY  LINE  

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LABOR  SHARE  OF  VALUE  IN    MOTOR  VEHICLE  PRODUCTION    (SMOOTHED  OVER  PEAK  YEARS)  

0.40  

0.45  

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0.55  

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0.65  

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SOARING  SHARE  OF  THE  TOP  1%  

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As  AI/Robo$cs  Technology  Advances:      (1)  The  returns  to  (human  and  physical)  capital  rise    (2)  The  returns  to  (raw)  labor  diminish    (3)  The  overall  economy  grows  with                dispropor$onate  gains  by  capital  owners  

 and  their  children  (via  bequests)    (4)  The  big  losers  are  the  children  of  the  poor  

 and  of  the  working  class      

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ROBOT/AI  REVOLUTION  &  INEQUALITY  

UTILITY  OF  THE  RICH  

UTIITY  OF  THE  POOR  

BEUQESTS  BY  THE  RICH  

BEQUESTS  BT  POOR  

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In  order  for  all  parts  of  society  to  benefit  from  the  advancing  technologies:    Tax  the  capital  owners  and  redistribute    the  earnings  to  the  young  through    free  tui$on  for  skill  training  and  tax  credits  for  lower-­‐wage  workers      Without  such  transfers,  income  inequality  will  rise  and  large  parts  of  the  society  will  be  immiserized