Robert Reyes, Ph.D. | Kimberly Case, Ph.D.

National Profile on Ethnic/Racial Diversity of Enrollment, Graduation Rates, Faculty, and

Administrators Among the CCCU

Robert Reyes, Ph.D. | Kimberly Case, Ph.D.

35th Annual CCCU Presidents Conference | Washington, D.C. | 1.28.11

Introduction• Center for Intercultural Teaching and Learning: Conducts research and coordinates services supporting the higher education needs of Latino students in the Midwest.

• DATA: Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS): http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/

• REGIONS: Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, Southwest, West

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/

REGIONS USED IN THE CCCU ETHNIC DIVERSITY PROFILE

Introduction• SAMPLE

129 CCCU member & affiliate institutions 400 Comparison institutions

• MEAN PERCENTAGES– percentage of students or

employees of color at each institution

– and then taking the mean (average) of those percentages

ENROLLMENT

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Enrollment: CCCU and Comparison Institutions for Students of Color, 2003-

2009

CCCU Comparison Institutions

Mean Percentage

N = 129 CCCU N = 400 Comparison Institutions

• The overall percentage of students of color in CCCU institutions increased gradually from 16.6% in 2003 to 19.9% in 2009.

• In comparison, the rate of diversity among non-CCCU institutions also increased from 20.5% in 2003 to 23.2% in 2009.

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

NORTHEAST Enrollment of Students of Color at CCCU and Compar-ison Institutions, 2003-2009


Mean Percentage


NORTHEAST• In the Northeast CCCU

institutions experienced steady increase from 18.0% in 2003 to 22.3% in 2009.

• Among all the regions, the Northeast showed the closest proximity between CCCU and Non-CCCU institutions on diversity rates.


2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

MIDWEST Enrollment of Students of Color at CCCU and Compar-ison Institutions, 2003-2009


Mean Percentage

MIDWEST• The Midwest reported

the lowest rates of diversity within the Council ranging from 11.8% in 2003 and 13.4% in 2009.

• The rates among Non-CCCU were also lower. Rates ranged from 14.8% in 2003 to 17.1% in 2009.

• The Midwest also contains the largest concentration of CCCU schools with 40.


2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

SOUTHEAST Enrollment of Students of Color at CCCU and Compar-ison Institutions, 2003-2009


Mean Percentage

SOUTHEAST

• Diversity rates in the Southeast also increased gradually over this time period. Rates increase from 16.5% in 2003 to 20.4% in 2009.

• 2009 gap = 5.9%


2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

SOUTHWEST Enrollment of Students of Color at CCCU and Comparison Insti-

tutions, 2003-2009


Mean Percentage

SOUTHWEST• The Southwest

represents the largest concentration of diverse students in the Council. The rates ranged from 24.4% in 2003 to 29.4 in 2009.

• Comparison institutions outpaced the CCCU by 7 percentage points, ranging from 32.4% in 2003 to 37.1% in 2009.


2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

WEST Enrollment of Students of

Color at CCCU and Comparison Institutions, 2003-2009


Mean Percentage

WEST• The West had a

gradual increase among CCCU institutions. There was however, the largest discrepancy between CCCU and non-CCCU institutions in this region.

• The mean percentage gap was 13.2.%.

CCCU: Enrollment and Ethnicity, 2003-2009• NORTHEAST: African American - largest group,

steady growth from 10.2-11.9%; Hispanic, 4.3-5.9%

• MIDWEST: African American: 5.7-6.5% (highest in 2008), Hispanic: 2.2-3.1%; Asian - 1.5% (stable)

• SOUTHEAST: African American: steady growth 11.3-13.6%; Hispanic: small, but steady growth, 2-3%; Asian: 1% (stable)

• SOUTHWEST: African American: 10.3-11.1%; Hispanic: 7.9-9.8%-most dramatic growth; American Indian: around 2.5%

• WEST: Hispanic - largest group: 8.5%-9.6%; Asian/Pacific Islander: 4.2-5.2%

GRADUATION - COMPLETION

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

NORTHEAST Students of Color Completing Degrees at CCCU and

Comparison Institutions, 2003-2009


Mean Percentage


NORTHEAST• CCCU completions

fluctuated slightly in the past 7 years: 15.4% in 2003, 17.1 % in 2006 (the highest), and 16.5% in 2009

• Comparison institutions experienced steady growth: a low of 18.4% in 2003 and a high of 19.6% in 2009

• 2009 gap = 3.1%

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

MIDWEST Students of Color Com-pleting Degrees at CCCU and Comparison Institutions, 2003-

2009


Mean Percentage


MIDWEST• Lowest regional

percentage of completions

• CCCU institutions reported 11% - 12%

• Comparison institutions had slight, but steady growth (12.5% - 13.8%)

• 2009 gap = 1.0% - lowest among the regions

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

SOUTHEAST Students of Color Completing Degrees at CCCU and Comparison Institutions, 2003-

2009


Mean Percentage


SOUTHEAST• CCCU and comparison

institutions experienced steady growth in completions.

• CCCU: • 13.9% - 2003• 16.3% - 2009

• Comparison institutions:• 18.1% - 2003• 20.8% - 2009

• 2009 gap = 4.5%

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

SOUTHWEST Students of Color Completing Degrees at CCCU and

Comparison Institutions, 2003-2009


Mean Percentage

SOUTHWEST• Highest percentage of

regional completions• CCCU had slight

variations, but reached a high in 2009: 26.1%

• Comparison institutions had steady growth with a high of 35.0% in 2009

• 2009 gap = 8.9%


2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

WEST Students of Color Completing Degrees at CCCU and Comparison

Institutions, 2003-2009


Mean Percentage

WEST• CCCU varied slightly

between 17.5% in 2003 and 18.8% in 2009.

• Comparison institutions reached a high in 2007 with 31.1%.

• 2009 gap = 11.2% - the most dramatic among the regions


• NORTHEAST: African Americans are the largest group: 8-9% of graduates

• MIDWEST: African Americans (4-5%) and Hispanics (3-4%)

• SOUTHEAST: African Americans - steady growth (8.9%-10.5%)

• SOUTHWEST: African Americans (7.8-8.5%) and Hispanics (6.7-10.1%) make up the largest groups among graduates

• WEST: Hispanics are the largest group: 6.9% in 2003 to 9% in 2008; Asian/Pacific Islanders make up the next largest group (around 4% across years)

CCCU: Completion and Ethnicity, 2003-2009

FACULTY


TENURED FACULTY

• CCCU increased from 4.2% in 2005 to 5.8% in 2003.

• Comparison institutions consistently have larger percentages of tenured faculty of color than CCCU institutions.

• 2009 gap = 2.7%2005 2007 20090

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Tenured Faculty of Color at CCCU and Comparison Institutions, 2005-2009


Mean Percentage


2005 2007 20090

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Non-Tenured Faculty of Color at CCCU and Comparison Institutions,

2005-2009


Mean Percentage

NON-TENURED • Comparison

institutions experienced consistent growth in non-tenured faculty, reaching a high of 16.5% in 2009.

• CCCU institutions remained at 12% between 2007 and 2009.

• 2009 gap = 4.2

2005 2007 20090

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Non-Tenure Track Faculty of Color at CCCU and Comparison Institutions,

2005-2009


Mean Percentage

NON-TENURE TRACK

• Category includes institutions who do not have a tenure track as well as institutions who have tenured, non-tenured (but on a tenure track), and non-tenure track positions.

• CCCU institutions have hovered around 7% across years.

• 2009 gap = 4.7%


Tenured, Non-Tenured, and Non-Tenure Track Faculty of Color at CCCU Institutions by Region: 2005, 2007, 2009

2005 2007 20090

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

NORTHEAST

Tenured - N=9Non-tenured N = 9Non-tenure track N=9

Mean Percentage

2005 2007 20090

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

MIDWEST

Tenured = 26Non-tenured = 26Non-tenure track = 37

Mean Percentage

Tenured, Non-Tenured, and Non-Tenure Track Faculty of Color at CCCU Institutions by Region: 2005, 2007, 2009

2005 2007 20090

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

SOUTHEAST


Mean Percentage

2005 2007 20090

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

SOUTHWEST


Mean Percentage

2005 2007 20090

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

WEST


Mean Percentage

ADMINISTRATORS

Administrators of Color at CCCU and Comparison Institutions2005 2007 2009

CCCU Non-CCCU CCCU Non-CCCU CCCU Non-CCCU

Northeast8.10%

49N = 10

8.72%629

N = 125

9.91%52

N = 10

9.06%649

N = 125

9.84%49

N = 10

9.25%722

N = 125

Midwest4.06%

58N = 40

6.13%292

N = 122

5.07%80

N = 40

6.18%39

N = 122

5.57%81

N = 40

6.15%363

N = 122

Southeast3.46%

41N = 37

7.39%223

N = 93

3.39%45

N = 37

8.83%281

N = 93

3.39%61

N = 37

8.40%290

N = 93

Southwest5.87%

40N = 16

19.30%108

N = 16

7.45%75

N = 16

18.16%104

N = 16

4.91%56

N = 16

18.19%119

N = 16

West7.35%

72N = 25

18.78%256

N = 39

9.39%140

N = 25

17.57%233

N = 39

7.47%148

N = 25

14.47%292

N = 39

CONCLUSIONSWe are making gradual but steady gains in the recruitment or enrollment of students of color nationwide.• Significant gains were obtained

in the Southwest. The lowest levels of diversity continue to be found in the Midwest.

Attending to graduation and/or completion rates may be the next challenge ahead. • In most case the completion

rates followed enrollment levels. Significant gaps (5% to 10 % points) were found between CCCU and non-CCCU schools, particularly in the Southwest and West regions.

The recruitment and retention of faculty of color continues to be an issue.• Most faculty in CCCU

institutions are non-tenured faculty in tenure track positions.

Representation of faculty of color in administrative ranks remains low.

Attention to economic and demographic changes in different Regions will be critical in responding to issues of diversity.

Complete report can be found at:http://citl.goshen.edu/

Special thanks to Sara Alvarez, Charlotte Barnett, and Daniel Moya, B.A., student research team, for work on the report.

http://citl.goshen.edu/

http://citl.goshen.edu/

Robert Reyes, Ph.D. | Kimberly Case, Ph.D.

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