Robert P. Kirshner, Peter Challis, Tom Matheson, Malcom Hicken (CfA)

Saurabh Jha (UC Berkeley)

Peter Garnavich (Notre Dame)

Supernovae at the CfA Current Samples and Applications

MOUNT HOPKINS, ARIZONA

& SCP

& KAIT

Supernovae in the IAU Circulars

Spectroscopy at Mount Hopkins

FLWO 1.5-m Tillinghast reflector

FAST spectrograph

●3700–7500Å

●Recent upgrade to optics

Three or four spectra per night, ~300 spectra per year

Reliable service observers on site

Capability of Spectrograph

SN with R = 19.8 mag

Recent Examples

Classification of Supernovae

560 nearby (low-z) SNe discoveredin last three years

495 have spectroscopic classifications

Mt. Hopkins program responsible for 195 (39%!)

Spectra available on CfA web page

Email alerts to immediately disseminate information

http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/oir/Research/supernova/RecentSN.html

Spectroscopy Results – SN 2001V

Spectroscopic Database

● 387 Type Ia Spectra for SNe with calibrated light curves

● Epoch of spectra ranges from –14 days to several months past maximum

● 201 spectra from day –14 to day +14

● Δm15

range 0.85 ― 1.93

● All galaxy types

● Once photometry complete, spectroscopic sample will double

● All spectra from same instrument/telescope combination

● All spectra reduced in same manner

● Systematics for comparison are reduced

Spectroscopic Database – Distribution by Age

Spectroscopy Results – SN 1998aq

Spectroscopy Results – SN1998aq

SYNOW fit at day -9

Spectroscopy Results – SN1998aq

SYNOW fit at day 0

Spectroscopic Database--Heterogeneity

Spectroscopic Database – Day –10

Spectroscopic Database – Day 0

Spectroscopic Database – Day +10

Spectroscopy Results – SN 1999by

Effect of titanium strength on the spectrum

Spectroscopic Database – Titanium

Bright, Slow Dim, Fast

Spectroscopy Results – SN 1999gi

Leonard et al. 2002

Photometry at Mount Hopkins

FLWO 1.2-m reflector

4shooter camera

11' X 11' per chip

One SN per night in UBVRI

One night per dark run for photometric calibration, templates,etc.

Service observing during scheduled programs

Capability of CCD Camera

SN 2001V, discovered at FLWOGood U-band Response

IR Photometry at Mt. Hopkins

FLWO 1.2-m Reflector with Stelircam

One SN per night in JHK

Service observing during scheduled programs

Jha et al. 1999

2Mass Camera and Telescope coming soon: Josh Bloom

A Couple of UBVRI Light Curves...

SN 1998bu in M 96 SN 2001V in NGC 3987

Even More Photometry Results

Jha et al. 1999

A “U”nique Data Set

U-band composite light curve

Measuring distances: MLCS2k2

MLCS2k2 Templates

Extinction Zeropoint

(B-V)35 = 1.055 ± 0.024 mag

Hubble-Flow SNe Ia80 SNe Ia with cz ≥ 2500 km/s in CMB frame

one parameter fit: aV = log cz - 0.2mV0

aV = 0.6838 ± 0.0045 (random) ± 0.0120 (systematic)

Measuring the Hubble Constant

Cepheid-Calibrated SNe Ia80 SNe Ia with cz ≥ 2500 km/s in CMB frame

same supernova data! same Cepheid data!

Going with the Flows

ESSENCEEquation of State: SupErNovae Trace Cosmic Expansion

Claudio Aguilera --- CTIO/NOAO

Brian Barris --- Univ of Hawaii

Andy Becker --- Bell Labs/Univ. of Washington

Peter Challis --- Harvard-Smithsonian CfA

Ryan Chornock --- UC Berkeley

Alejandro Clocchiatti --- Univ Catolica de Chile

Ricardo Covarrubias --- Univ of Washington

Alex V. Filippenko --- UC Berkeley

Peter M. Garnavich --- Notre Dame University

Malcom Hicken--Harvard-Smithsonian CfA

Stephen Holland --- Notre Dame University

Saurabh Jha --- UC Berkeley

Robert Kirshner --- Harvard-Smithsonian CfA

Kevin Krisciunas --- CTIO/NOAO

Bruno Leibundgut --- European Southern Observatory

Weidong D. Li --- UC Berkeley

Thomas Matheson --- Harvard-Smithsonian CfA

Anthony Miceli --- Univ of Washington

Gajus Miknaitis --- Univ of Washington

Armin Rest --- Univ of Washington/CTIO

Adam G. Riess --- Space Telescope Science Institute

Brian P. Schmidt --- Mt. Stromlo Siding Springs Observatories

Chris Smith --- CTIO/NOAO

Jesper Sollerman --- Stockholm Observatory

Jason Spyromilio --- European Southern Observatory

Christopher Stubbs --- Harvard-Smithsonian CfA

Nicholas B. Suntzeff --- CTIO/NOAO

John L. Tonry --- Univ of Hawaii

ESSENCE Survey Team

ESSENCEEquation of State: SupErNovae Trace Cosmic

Expansion

● NOAO Survey on CTIO 4m, MOSAIC for 5 years

● Shares frame subtraction pipeline with SuperMacho project, scheduled in “other” halves of SuperMacho nights

● Expect ~ 200 supernovae with 0.1 < z < 0.8

● 3 band photometry: V,R,I (observer frame)

● 2 sets of fields, so t=4 days

● Goal is to determine the distance to each redshift bin (z = 0.1) to 2%

● ~3% photometry at peak SN brightness

Essence Survey Goal: w

Monte Carlo of

Supernovae, CMB, and large scale structurewill determine w to 10%

This cannot fail to be interesting! or something else.

Gajus Maknaitis, U of Washington

The GOODs ACS Treasury Program &

The Higher-Z Supernova Search Team

Sees farther than others:1.2< z < 1.8supernovae

Riess (STScI)Strolger (STScI)Tonry (UH)Filippenko (UCB)Kirshner (CfA)Challis (CfA)Casertano, (STScI)Dickinson (STScI)Giavalisco (STScI)Ferguson (STScI)

Adam Riess

Expansion History of the Universe

The Rise and Fall of Aphrodite

Aug 1Sept 22Oct 1Oct 5Oct 10Oct 20Oct 30Oct 31Nov 17Nov 25

Our first higher-z SN Ia, Aphrodite

Aphrodite (1<z<1.5)

ACS grism spectrum

NICMOS F110W

ACS F850lp

viz

Looking back to the time when the Universe was decelerating!

Evidence for a change in cosmic acceleration: cosmic jerk

Future:

Acceleration without end?

CfA Work:

Spectra for Classification

Spectra for Analysis

Lightcurves: UBVRI

MLCS2k2

ESSENCE: onset of acceleration => w

Higher Z: era of deceleration => jerk, w’