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Consumption (kcal/capita/day)

Total calories 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

China 1,863 2,178 2,444 2,819 3,074

Indonesia 1,964 2,315 2,356 2,424 2,713

Malaysia 2,527 2,747 2,650 2,822 2,855

South Korea 2,899 2,970 2,950 3,080 3,329

Thailand 2,194 2,198 2,245 2,578 2,757

Philippines 1,837 2,221 2,214 2,374 2,608

Vietnam 1,957 2,004 1,856 2,298 2,703

UK 3,245 3,091 3,210 3,402 3,414

US 3,052 3,218 3,522 3,709 3,639

Japan 2,729 2,750 2,934 2,890 2,719 &

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Vegetal calories 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

China 1,738 2,002 2,128 2,296 2,383

Indonesia 1,904 2,238 2,242 2,299 2,536

Malaysia 2,244 2,336 2,134 2,297 2,336

South Korea 2,784 2,730 2,626 2,642 2,775

Thailand 2,007 1,995 1,978 2,284 2,410

Philippines 1,581 1,980 1,925 2,020 2,218

Vietnam 1,829 1,880 1,690 2,004 2,129

UK 2,014 1,965 2,175 2,395 2,425

US 2,056 2,258 2,544 2,697 2,644

Japan 2,284 2,211 2,316 2,287 2,166 &

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Animal calories 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

China 125 177 317 523 691

Indonesia 60 77 115 126 177

Malaysia 284 411 516 525 519

South Korea 115 240 324 439 554

Thailand 188 203 267 294 347

Philippines 256 241 290 354 390

Vietnam 128 124 166 294 574

UK 1,231 1,126 1,035 1,007 989

US 996 961 978 1,012 995

Japan 445 539 618 603 553

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5".1&_".1&2"8,$&."'&()&#;;*";*0#')&:"*&'30%&;8*;"%)&%0.-)&'3)9&3#+)&'""&/#.9& "8',0)*% &#.$&*).$)*&#.9&

/)#.0.1:8,&-"/;#*0%".%&*)$8.$#.'4&

Meat consumption (kg/person/year) Country 2003 2013 2015 2020 2025 China 46 57 60 67 73 European Union 76 77 78 79 80 Hong Kong 104 145 147 151 156 Indonesia 8 9 9 10 11 Japan 43 47 48 49 51 Philippines 25 27 28 30 31 Russia 45 59 61 64 67 South Korea 51 63 65 70 76 Taiwan 74 74 76 82 87 Thailand 25 27 28 30 32 US 115 107 106 107 109 Vietnam 20 29 29 31 32 &

N$2'"&D(LO-AQ(?$#&D(41.:0(.:"<2=&3(#1&(90.:<0:=($:<R(&

62.6% 67.5% 64.7%

55.0% 47.7%

17.1% 11.8%

6.2%

6.2%

4.9%

2.5% 3.1%

5.4%

5.6%

7.1%

2.5% 1.9% 2.7%

4.5%

6.8%

0.4% 0.4% 0.7%

1.7% 2.7%

6.68% 7.63% 11.73% 19.19% 22.86%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1969 1979 1989 1999 2009

Cereals Starchy roots Vegetable oils Vegetables Fruits Animal products

challenges


J3)&#+)*#1)&J#02#.)%)&-".%8/)$&#.&)%'0/#')$&MRG1&

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#.$&*8*#,&*)%0$).'%4&

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N$2'"&D(?0#.$:0<(S2'&02($T(N#0#.3#."3($T(41.:0(G?SN4H(?$#&D(C1&(UV0U.3(.3(:$#(#$(3"0<&(?$#&D()**J(=0#0(.3(:$#(0W0.<0%<&X(T$'("10'#.:Y(52'5$3&37(/&(10W&(23&=(0:(0W&'0Y&($T()**I(0:=()**Z(&

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N$2'"&D(?SN4(?$#&D(C1&(UV0U.3(.3(:$#(#$(3"0<&(&

131 97

82 77 76 78 79 81 82 81 79

262 256 250

209 206 199 199 189 181 171 164

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 * 2009 2010 2011 2012

kg/p

erso

n/ye

ar

Urban Rural

25 24 26

33 32 32 31 35 35 35 36

13 13 17

21 21 19 18 20 20 21 21

0

10

20

30

40

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

kg/p

erso

n/ye

ar

Urban Rural

challenges


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Changing consumption patterns in China (kg/pa)

1990 2012 Net change

Grain to meat

conversion ratio

Net increase in grain

use

Urban per capita consumption of

Grain 130.7 78.8 (52.0) (52.0)

Pork 18.5 21.2 2.8 4.0 11.1

Beef and mutton 3.3 3.7 0.5 7.0 3.2

Poultry 3.4 10.8 7.3 2.0 14.7

Net change in urban per capita demand for grain (23.1)

Rural per capita consumption of

Grain 262.1 164.3 (97.8) (97.8)

Pork 10.5 14.4 3.9 4.0 15.4

Beef and mutton 0.8 2.0 1.2 7.0 8.1

Poultry 1.3 4.5 3.2 2.0 6.5

Net change in rural per capita demand for grain (67.8) &

N$2'"&D(?SN47(-/4(

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4&

Soybean statistics

Soybean 2004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

Area harvested (mn ha)

9.6 9.6 9.3 8.8 9.1 9.2 8.5 7.9 7.2 6.9 6.7

Yield (tonnes/ha) 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

Production (mnt) 17.4 16.4 15.1 12.7 15.5 15.0 15.1 14.5 13.1 12.2 11.8

Imports (mnt) 25.8 28.3 28.7 37.8 41.1 50.3 52.3 59.2 59.9 69.0 74.0

Exports (mnt) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Domestic consumption (mnt)

40.2 44.4 46.1 49.4 51.3 59.4 65.9 72.1 76.2 80.1 84.9

Ending stocks (mnt) 4.7 4.6 1.8 2.5 7.5 13.2 14.5 15.9 12.4 13.2 13.8

N$2'"&D([NPO(

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(#'',)&#%&$)/".%'*#')$&(9&'3)&'#(,)&(),"24&

Corn statistics

Corn 2004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15


25.4 26.4 28.5 29.5 29.9 31.2 32.5 33.5 35.0 36.3 36.8

Yield (tonnes/ha) 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.0 5.9

Production (mnt) 130.3 139.4 151.6 152.3 165.9 164.0 177.2 192.8 205.6 218.5 217.0

Imports (mnt) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.0 5.2 2.7 3.4 3.0

Exports (mnt) 7.6 3.7 5.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1


131.0 137.0 145.0 150.0 153.0 165.0 180.0 188.0 200.0 212.0 220.0

Ending Stocks (mnt) 36.6 35.3 36.6 38.4 51.2 51.3 49.4 59.3 67.6 77.4 77.3

N$2'"&D([NPO(&

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=30.#&/#.#1)$&'"&:8,:0,&#$$0'0".#,&$)/#.$&'3*"813&#&1*#$8#,&0.-*)#%)&0.&;,#.')$&#*)#&#.$&90),$%4&5"2)+)*6&0.&

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0.-*)#%)$&#'&#&/8-3&%,"2)*&;#-)&230,)&0/;"*'%&3#+)&;,811)$&'3)&%3"*':#,,4&c+)*&'3)&,#%'&:0+)&9)#*%6&'3)&;,#.')$&

#*)#&3#%&*)/#0.)$&-".%'#.'&230,)&90),$%&3#+)&0.-*)#%)$&/#*10.#,,94&J30%&%811)%'%&'3#'&:8'8*)&0.-*)#%)%6&0:&#.96&

#*)&,0G),9&'"&()&/0.0/#,4&

Wheat statistics

Wheat 2004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15


21.6 22.8 23.6 23.7 23.6 24.3 24.3 24.3 24.3 24.1 24.1

Yield (tonnes/ha) 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.2

Production (mnt) 92.0 97.4 108.5 109.3 112.5 115.1 115.2 117.4 121.0 121.9 126.0

Imports (mnt) 6.7 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.4 0.9 2.9 3.0 6.8 2.0

Exports (mnt) 1.2 1.4 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0


102.0 101.5 102.0 106.0 105.5 107.0 110.5 122.5 125.0 121.5 124.0

Ending Stocks (mnt) 38.8 34.5 38.6 39.1 45.8 54.4 59.1 55.9 54.0 60.3 63.3 &

N$2'"&D([NPO(

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Wheat consumption split

Wheat 2004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

Feed consumption (mnt) 4.0 3.5 4.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 13.0 24.0 25.0 21.0 23.0

Food, seed and industrial consumption (mnt)

98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0 97.5 97.0 97.5 98.5 100.0 100.5 101.0

Total (mnt) 102.0 101.5 102.0 106.0 105.5 107.0 110.5 122.5 125.0 121.5 124.0 &

N$2'"&D([NPO(&

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Rice statistics

Rice 2004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15


28.4 28.8 28.9 28.9 29.2 29.6 29.9 30.1 30.1 30.3 30.6

Paddy yield (tonnes/ha)

6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.7

Production (mnt) 125.4 126.4 127.2 130.2 134.3 136.6 137.0 140.7 143.0 142.5 144.0

Imports (mnt) 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.8 3.1 3.9 3.7

Exports (mnt) 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4


130.3 128.0 127.2 127.5 133.0 134.3 135.0 139.6 144.0 146.3 148.0

Ending Stocks (mnt) 38.9 36.8 35.9 37.8 38.5 40.5 42.6 45.0 46.8 46.7 46.0 &

N$2'"&D([NPO(& &

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;"').'0#,d&,""G&#'&3"2&=30.)%)&90),$%&-"/;#*)&20'3&'3"%)&":&"'3)*&/#K"*&;*"$8-)*%&'"&%))&'3)&;"').'0#,&8;%0$)4&

J3)&-3#*'%&(),"2&%3"2&'3)&OPNRfNL&90),$%&:"*&'3)&'";HNP&;*"$8-)*%&":&)#-3&-"//"$0'94&

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N$2'"&D([NPO(&

(8.0)%

(6.0)%

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0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Corn Paddy rice Wheat Soybean

6.7 6.7

5.8

5.0 4.8

4.4 4.0

3.5

2.9 2.7

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

China Japan Vietnam Brazil Indonesia Bangladesh Philippines India Thailand Burma

tonn

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challenges


N-%(7!:&%9/1!G2.!5(H2.!6.2/#,%.1!I?J<KL<DM!

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N$2'"&D([NPO(&

42.)!:&%9/1!G2.!5(H2.!6.2/#,%.1!I?J<KL<DM!

N$2'"&D([NPO(&

! !

5.8

5.2

3.9

3.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.5

2.0 1.8

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

EuropeanUnion

China Ukraine India Canada UnitedStates

Pakistan Russia Turkey Australia

tonn

es/h

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10.9

7.4 7.1

5.9 5.4

5.0 4.6

4.2

3.3

2.4

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

UnitedStates

EuropeanUnion

Argentina China Ukraine Brazil Russia SouthAfrica

Mexico India

tonn

es/h

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challenges


"2:@%()!:&%9/1!G2.!5(H2.!6.2/#,%.1!I?J<KL<DM!

N$2'"&D([NPO(&

<.&*0-)6&=30.#&#,*)#$9&3#%&'3)&3013)%'&90),$&#,".1&20'3&^#;#.4&<.&23)#'6&0'&0%&".,9&()30.$&'3)&F`4&<.&-"*.6&0'&0%&

-".%0$)*#(,9&()30.$&'3)&`>&#.$&'3)&F`6&(8'&0%&%'0,,&0.&:"8*'3&;,#-)&#3)#$&":&C*#U0,4&<.&%"9()#.%6&0'&0%&.)#*&'3)&

("''"/&":&'3)&;#-G4&5"2)+)*6&0'&0%&2"*'3&)/;3#%0%0.1&'3#'&=30.#&0%&#&*),#'0+),9&/0."*&;,#9)*&0.&%"9()#.&

;*"$8-'0".4&?3#'&0'&$")%&$)/".%'*#')&0%&'3#'6&23).&0'&-"/)%&'"&'3)&'3*))&/#0.&1*#0.%6&=30.#&$")%&."'&,#1&

%01.0:0-#.',9&()30.$&'3)&"'3)*&/#K"*&;*"$8-)*%4&["*)&0/;"*'#.',96&23)*)&=30.)%)&90),$%&,#16&0'&-#.."'&()&

#%%8/)$&'3#'&'3)&).'0*)&1#;&-#.&()&(*0$1)$4&B#*'&":&'3)&1#;&-"8,$&()&#''*0(8'#(,)&'"&$0::)*).-)%&0.&#1*"H

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()&$8)&'"&:)*'0,0%)*%6&0**01#'0".6&-*";&/#.#1)/).'&:#*/0.1&;*#-'0-)%&#.$&%"&".& &230-3&-"8,$&()&(*0$1)$6&#'&,)#%'&

0.&'3)"*94&5"2)+)*6&0.&;*#-'0-)6&'3)&.#**"20.1&":&'30%&1#;&20,,&()&,0/0')$&(9&'3)&)I').'&'"&230-3&0'&0%&

)-"."/0-#,,9&:)#%0(,)4&

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8%)&":&:)*'0,0%)*%&#.$&0.-*)#%)$&0**01#')$&#*)#%&(9&#;;*"I0/#'),9&".)H'30*$4&

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N$2'"&D(?SN4(&

3.2 3.0

2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6

2.0 1.8

1.4

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

UnitedStates

Brazil Argentina Uruguay Canada Paraguay Ukraine China Russia India

tonn

es/h

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29 32 33 36 38 40 41 41 41 43 43 44 46 48 49 51 52 54 56 57 58

49 49 49 49 50 51 52 53 54 54 54 54 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 63

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

mill

ion

tonn

es

mill

ion

hect

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Fertiliser consumption (RHS) Irrigated area

challenges


?30,)&'3)&*#')&":&1*"2'3&0.&:)*'0,0%)*%&3#%&%,"2)$&0.&

'3)&;#%'&$)-#$)6&0**01#'0".&3#%&0.-*)#%)$4&5"2)+)*6&

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":&=30.# %&-3)/0-#,&0.;8'%&#*)&#;;,0)$&0.)::0-0).',94&

J3)&?"*,$&C#.G&)%'0/#')$&'3#'6&0.&OPNO6&=30.#&

#;;,0)$&%"/)&SLPG1&":&:)*'0,0%)*&;)*&3)-'#*)&":&#*#(,)&

,#.$& &'3)&3013)%'&(9&:#*&#/".1&/#K"*&#1*0-8,'8*#,&

.#'0".%6&)+).&$)+),";)$&".)%4&@"*&-"/;#*0%".6&'3)&

-"**)%;".$0.1&.8/()*%&2)*)&NSQG1&:"*&<.$0#6&NLSG1&

:"*&'3)&F`6&NVNG1&:"*&C*#U0,6&NQNG1&:"*&'3)&`>6&MLG1&:"*&

=#.#$#6&RLG1&:"*&E8%'*#,0#&#.$&QTG1&:"*&E*1).'0.#4&

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,)%%)*&)::)-'&".&90),$%6&#.$&/013'&)+).&3#+)&#&.)1#'0+)&

0.$0*)-'&)::)-'&$8)&'"&,#.$&#.$&2#')*&;",,8'0".4&

g38#.1&D8"'#06&'3)&[0.0%'*9&":&F.+0*"./).'#,&

B*"')-'0". %&e0*)-'"*&":&a#'8*)&#.$&F-","19&

=".%)*+#'0".6&%'#')$&0.&#&;*)%%&-".:)*).-)&0.&E;*0,&

OPNQ6&'3#'&".,9&#("8'&QLW&":&:)*'0,0%)*&8%)$&0.&#&

'9;0-#,&=30.)%)&:#*/&-".'*0(8')$&'"&-*";&1*"2'34&J3)&

*)%'&)+#;"*#')%6&2#%3)%&"::&0.'"&%'*)#/%6&"*&0%&

-".%8/)$&(9&;)";,)&"*&#.0/#,%4&>"6&0'&."'&".,9&

-".'#0.%&#.&)-"."/0-&-"%'&(8'&#.&).+0*"./).'#,&".)&

'""4&J3)&=30.)%)&E-#$)/9&":&E1*0-8,'8*#,&>-0).-)%&

b=EE>Z&;*)$0-')$&,#%'&9)#*&'3#'&#,,&-).'*#,&#.$&>"8'3&

F#%')*.&;*"+0.-)%&(#*&^0#.1I0&#.$&>3#.I0&2)*)&#'&3013&

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'"&'3)&-#%)&20'3&,#.$6&=30.#&%8;;"*'%&OPW&":&'3)&

2"*,$ %&;";8,#'0".&20'3&K8%'&"+)*&VW&":&'3)&2"*,$ %&

*).)2#(,)&2#')*&*)%"8*-)%4&c.&#&;)*&-#;0'#&(#%0%&'30%&

0%&"+)*&O6PPP&-8(0-&/)'*)%&":&*).)2#(,)&2#')*&;#6&

230,)&'3)&1,"(#,&#+)*#1)&0%&"+)*&'3*))&'0/)%&'3#'&

.8/()*4&5"2)+)*6&)+).&'30%&30$)%&#&%'#*G&*)10".#,&

$0%;#*0'9& &'3)&a"*'3)*.&*)10".%&#--"8.'&:"*&".,9&

#("8'&NVW&":&'3)&'"'#,&2#')*&*)%"8*-)%4&E'&'3)&%#/)&

'0/)6&'3)9&#--"8.'&:"*&OVW&":&'3)&;";8,#'0".&#.$&

#("8'&RRW&":&'3)&-8,'0+#')$&,#.$4&

4-&)(!)2.7-%.)!()/!12#7-%.)!.%*&2)1!/&16(.&7:!

N$2'"&D(?SN4(& &

28%

44%

18%

72%

56%

82%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Population Cultivated area Water resourcesNorth South

challenges


J3)&-3#*'&(),"2&%3"2%&'3)&*).)2#(,)&2#')*&*)%"8*-)%&#+#0,#(,)&;)*&;)*%".&#-*"%%&;*"+0.-)%4&J3)&*#.1)&)I').$%&

:*"/&NRQ&-8(0-&/)'*)%&0.&>3#.13#0&'"&NQM6QMV&-8(0-&/)'*)%&0.&J0()'4&J0()'&0%&"(+0"8%,9&#.&"8',0)*6&%0.-)&0'&0%&'3)&

%"8*-)&":&/#.9&,#*1)&*0+)*%&#.$&3#%&#&,"2&;";8,#'0".4&5"2)+)*6&>3#.13#0&0%&."'4&J3)&-3#*'&(),"2&%3"2%&'3)&

;*"+0.-)%&20'3&'3)&,"2)%'&2#')*&*)%"8*-)%6&/"%'&":&230-3&#*)&0.&'3)&a"*'34&J"&;8'&'30%&0.'"&;)*%;)-'0+)6&'3)&

1,"(#,&-"/;#*#(,)%&:"*&%0/0,#*&*).)2#(,)&2#')*&*)%"8*-)&,)+),%&#*)&^"*$#.&#.$&<%*#),4&

+%)%$(@9%!$(7%.!.%12#.,%1!

N$2'"&D(?SN4(?$#&D(?$'#1&':('&Y.$:3(0'&(.:(R&<<$/((&

J3)&;*)+0"8%&$0%-8%%0".&:"-8%)$&".&'3)&%8;;,9&":&2#')*&230,)&'3)&:",,"20.1&:"-8%)%&".&2#')*&8%#1)4&J3)&G)9&

/)'*0-&3)*)&0%&'3)&;)*-).'#1)&":&%8;;,9&'3#'&0%&8%)$&#..8#,,94&=".%0$)*&C)0K0.1Y&'3)&#+)*#1)&0.3#(0'#.'&8%)$&

#("8'&NMS&-8(0-&/)'*)%&0.&OPNO6&#("8'&TNW&":&'3)&%8;;,94&J3)&'#(,)&(),"2&3013,013'%&8%#1)&;)*&-#;0'#&#.$&8%#1)&

#%&#&;)*-).'#1)&":&%8;;,9&:"*&'3"%)&:)2&%),)-')$&;*"+0.-)%&23)*)&8%#1)&#,*)#$9&)I-))$%&#+#0,#(0,0'9&"*&-,"%)&'"&0'4&

N(7%.!#1(*%!&)!1%9%,7%/!6.2>&),%1!

&

N$2'"&D(?SN4(?$#&D(?$'#1&':('&Y.$:3(0'&(.:(R&<<$/((

143

168

193

238

145

231

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

Shanghai Ningxia Beijing Tianjin Jordan Israel

cubi

c m

etre

s/pe

rson

167 176 204 230 254 269 491 698 1,078

70% 91% 69% 81% 90% 83%

342%

148%

642%

0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

700%

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Tianjin Beijing Shanxi Shandong Henan Hebei Shanghai Jiangsu Ningxia

cubi

c m

etre

s

Water use per capita Usage / supply (RHS)

challenges


?30,)&2#')*&#+#0,#(0,0'9&#::)-'%&.)#*,9&)+)*9&#%;)-'&":&'3)&)-"."/96&'3)&0/;#-'&0%&;*"(#(,9&1*)#')%'&0.&

#1*0-8,'8*)6&230-3&#--"8.'%&:"*&#("8'&#&'30*$&":&=30.# %&'"'#,&2#')*&8%#1)4&["%'&-*";%&*)780*)&#("8'&L6PPPH

V6PPP&'"..)%&":&2#')*&;)*&3)-'#*)&0.&#&%0.1,)&1*"20.1&%)#%".4&J38%6&#.9&%-#*-0'9&":&2#')*&20,,&,)#$&'"&;""*&

90),$%4&J"&%))&'3)&%-";)&":&'30%&;*"(,)/&:"*&=30.#6&-".%0$)*&'3)&:",,"20.1&-3#*'Y&0'&%3"2%&'3)&2#')*&

8%#1)f#+#0,#(0,0'9&;)*-).'#1)&:"*&'3)&'";&:0+)&;*"+0.-)%&'3#'&2)*)&*)%;".%0(,)&:"*&QLW&":&=30.# %&#1*0-8,'8*#,&

"8';8'&0.&OPNO4&J30%&0.-,8$)%&:#*/0.16&:"*)%'*96&#.0/#,&38%(#.$*9&#.$&:0%3)*94&?0'3&'3)&)I-);'0".&":&>0-38#.6&

'3)&*)%'&":&'3)&;*"+0.-)%&#*)&#,*)#$9&#'&-*0'0-#,&2#')*&8%#1)&,)+),%4&E.9&:8*'3)*&$)')*0"*#'0".&0.&2#')*&#+#0,#(0,0'9&

20,,&#::)-'&#1*0-8,'8*#,&"8';8'4&E'&'3)&%#/)&'0/)6&0'&#,%"&$)/".%'*#')%&'3#'&'3)*)&0%&+)*9&,0'',)&%-";)&:"*&0.-*)#%0.1&

0**01#'0".&0.&'3)%)&;*"+0.-)%4&

F.2>&),&(9!,2)7.&@#7&2)!72!727(9!2#76#7!()/!$(7%.!#1(*%!

&

N$2'"&D(?SN4(&

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-30):&;*"(,)/&2#%&'3)&3013&,)+),&":&-3)/0-#,&;",,8'0".&

/"%',9&:*"/&0.$8%'*9&#.$&#.0/#,&38%(#.$*94&&

J"&"+)*-"/)&'3)&;*"(,)/%&":&2#')*&%-#*-0'9&=30.#&3#%&

)/(#*G)$&".&'3)&#/(0'0"8%&>"8'3Ha"*'3&?#')*&

e0+)*%0".&B*"K)-'6&#&/"$)*.&+)*%0".&":&</;)*0#,&

=30.# %&D*#.$&=#.#,6&230-3&20,,&-".%8/)&"+)*&

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#'')/;'&'"&$0+)*'&2#')*&:*"/&'3)&A#.1'U)&!0+)*&'"&'3)&

;#*-3)$&*)10".%&":&'3)&a"*'34&J3)&:0*%'&,)1& &'3)&

)#%')*.&*"8')& &()1#.&%8;;,90.1&2#')*&'"&e)U3"8&0.&

>3#.$".1&B*"+0.-)&,#')&,#%'&9)#*4&5"2)+)*6&'3)&2#')*&

0%&;",,8')$&#.$&:"*&."2&0%&".,9&%80'#(,)&".,9&:"*&

0.$8%'*0#,&;8*;"%)%4&

D0+).&'3)&;*"(,)/%&":&2#')*&78#.'0'9&#.$&78#,0'96&0'&0%&

#,/"%'&-)*'#0.&'3#'&=30.#&0%&1"0.1&'"&%'*811,)&'"&

%8;;,9&-,)#.&2#')*&:"*&0'%&#1*0-8,'8*#,&.))$%4&>"6&#.9&

90),$&).3#.-)/).'%&:*"/&1*)#')*&0**01#'0".&#*)&

8.,0G),9&'"&/#')*0#,0%)4&

?)&3#+)&#.#,9%)$&'3)&/#K"*&:#-'"*%&'3#'&-#.&0.-*)#%)&

#1*0-8,'8*#,&"8';8'& &.#/),96&,#.$&#.$&2#')*4&D0+).&

'3)&-".%'*#0.'%&;*)%).'6&=30.#&20,,&:0.$&0'&0.-*)#%0.1,9&

$0::0-8,'&'"&0.-*)#%)&"8';8'&+0#&'3)%)&:#-'"*%4&c8';8'&

1*"2'3&2"8,$&3#+)&'"&-"/)&:*"/&),%)23)*)6&:"*&

)I#/;,)6&,#.$&-".%",0$#'0".6&/)-3#.0%#'0".6&

0/;*"+)$&%))$%&#.$&()'')*&-*";&/#.#1)/).'&

;*#-'0-)%4&

9% 7% 6% 6% 6%

81% 90%

148%

9%

83%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

Shandong Henan Jiangsu Sichuan Hebei

Agricultural output contribution Water usage / supply (RHS)

challenges


J3)&=30.)%)&1"+)*./).'&3#%&0.+)%')$&3)#+0,9&0.&

1).)'0-#,,9&/"$0:0)$&-*";%4&5"2)+)*6&'3)*)&#*)&

-".-)*.%&#/".1&'3)&=30.)%)&"+)*&'3)&%#:)'9&":&D[&

-*";%&%#:)'9& &#.&8.$)*%'#.$#(,)&".)&10+).&#%%"*')$&

:""$&%#:)'9&%-#.$#,%&0.&*)-).'&9)#*%4&J"&#,,#9&:)#*%6&'3)&

1"+)*./).'&,#8.-3)$&#&/)$0#&-#/;#01.&0.&

>);')/()*&OPNR&0.&%8;;"*'&":&D[&-*";%4&<'&3";)%&'"&

)$8-#')&'3)&;8(,0-&#.$&-*)#')&#&:#+"8*#(,)&

#'/"%;3)*)&:"*&'3)&$)+),";/).'&":&'3)&D[&0.$8%'*94&

<.&'3)&%#/)&/".'36&'3)&1"+)*./).'&#,%"&*),)#%)$&

B*)%0$).'&i0&^0.;0.1 %&8.;8(,0%3)$&%;))-3&:*"/&

e)-)/()*&OPNQ6&23)*)0.&3)&).$"*%)$&D[&-*";%4&

B#*#$"I0-#,,96&$)%;0')&#.&#-'0+)&-#/;#01.&'"&;*"/"')&

D[&-*";%6&'3)&=30.)%)&1"+)*./).'&3#%&*)K)-')$&

0/;"*'%&":&`>&-"*.&%0.-)&a"+)/()*&OPNQ&$8)&'"&'3)&

;*)%).-)&":&>9.1).'# %&[<!NSO&1).)'0-#,,9&/"$0:0)$&

-"*.6&/#*G)')$&#%&\0;')*#4&=30.#&3#%&9)'&'"&#;;*"+)&

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This publication has been prepared for general guidance on matters of interest only, and does not constitute professional advice. You should not act upon the information contained in this publication without obtaining specific professional advice. No representation or warranty (express or implied) is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this publication, and, to the extent permitted by law, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, its members, employees and agents do not accept or assume any liability, responsibility or duty of care for any consequences of you or anyone else acting, or refraining to act, in reliance on the information contained in this publication or for any decision based on it.

sometimes refer to the PwC network. Each member firm is a separate legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details.

150925-163846-YF-OS

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