Road to the Civil War

I. Sectionalism and SlaveryA. Sectionalism:B. Missouri Compromise(1820)

1. 2. Missouri admitted as slave state, Maine admitted as a free state.

a. C. War with Mexico adds more territory (dispute over slavery to U.S.)

1. More land = 2. Wilmot Proviso

a. Prohibited slavery in any territories won from Mexicob. FAILED in Senate.

1.

D. Compromise of 18501.

2. Northa. b. Slave trade, NOT slavery, forbidden in District of Columbia

3. Southa. Stronger Fugitive Slave Law.

1. word of slave owner was proof of identity of the runaway2. Suppress( ) Underground Railroad

b. Slavery in Utah and New Mexico decided by “Popular Sovereignty”( )

Chronology of Events Leading to Civil War1820 -- MISSOURI COMPROMISE1850 -- FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW1852 -- HARRIET BEECHER STOWE1854 -- KANSAS/NEBRASKA ACT ”BLEEDING KANSAS”1857 -- DRED SCOTT DECISION1858 -- ILLINOIS STATE ELECTION1859 -- JOHN BROWN’S RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY,VA 1860 -- PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION1860 -- SECESSION MOVEMENT 1861 -- FORMATION OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA1861 -- FORT SUMTER CRISIS **APRIL 12, 1861**

Chronology of Events Leading to Civil War 1820--> Missouri Compromise:A. Balance of power in Senate

1. 11 free/11 slaveB. 36°30’ Line

1. Above free; below slave 1850--> Fugitive Slave Law:A. Part of Compromise of 1850B. Deny accused runaway a trial by juryC. Northerners must help find runaway slave

1852--> Harriet Beecher Stowe:A. “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”B. Sparked controversy and outrage about slaveryC. 300,000 copies sold in first yearD. “Little lady who began this war”-Lincoln

 1854--> Kansas/Nebraska Act:

A. Stephen Douglass/“Popular Sovereignty”B. “Bleeding Kansas”

1. free and slave states “race” into KansasC. Popular Sovereignty repealed Missouri CompromiseD. Senator Sumner “caned” by Rep. Brooks!

1. North outraged2. South sent new canes to Brooks!

1857--> Dred Scott Decision:A. Scott was taken to free territory for a year as a slave, then was taken back to Missouri (slave territory)B. Scott sued and said he was free since he had lived in free territoryC. Case went to Supreme Court: Chief Justice Roger TaneyD. Ruling:

1. Blacks could not be and had never been U.S. citizens2. Missouri Compromise unconstitutional; Congress had no power to ban slavery.

**opened territories to slavery

1858--> Illinois State Election:A. Stephen Douglass/Lincoln Debates

1. Great displays of orationB. Lincoln lost, but gained national attention

 1859--> John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VAA. Federal arsenalB. Abolitionist who would invade the South, arm the slaves, and then let them fight for freedomC. Brown’s plan failed, he was captured, tried, and hungD. North saw as a martyr; South was outraged

1860--> Presidential Election:A. Lincoln (Republicans) win presidency

1. “No extension of slavery”B. South saw this as the last straw!!

1860--> Presidential Election:A. Lincoln (Republicans) win presidency

1. “No extension of slavery”B. South saw this as the last straw!!

 1860--> Secession Movement:

A. With election of Lincoln, “Matters had passed beyond compromise!”B. S. Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, and Virginia

 1861--> Formation of Confederate States of America:

A. Constitution: State’s rights and slaveryB. Jefferson Davis: President

1861--> Fort Sumter Crisis:A. Federal fort in South CarolinaB. Beauregard(S) v. Anderson(N)C. Anderson sent word that he needed food and supplies. If he didn’t get these in 6 weeks, he would have to surrender the fortD. Tough decision for Lincoln

1. Let fort go because non-strategic2. Send supplies

E. Lincoln sent supplies, not men or arms, and notified Gov. of South CarolinaF. Decision now shifted to Davis

1. Said Lincoln’s attempt to supply Fort Sumter was an act of aggression

G. April 12, 1861-- South opens fire on Ft. SumterH. 40 hours of shelling--no deaths

1. Salute to flag-- 1 deathI. South takes Ft. Sumter

The Civil War or ... I. Lincoln and Lee

A. Before Ft. Sumter, Lincoln offers Lee command of Union troopsB. Lee politely refuses: ”I cannot raise arms against my Virginia.”

 II. Lincoln’s call to arms

A. Asks for 75,000; gets over 300,000!B. Romanticism

 III. 3 Additional states secede

A. North Carolina, Tennessee, ArkansasB. Richmond becomes capital

 IV. Lincoln’s Cabinet: Strong-willed men

A. William Seward: Secretary of StateB. Salmon Chase: Secretary of TreasuryC. Edwin Stanton: Secretary of War

V. The Border StatesA. Definition:

1. Maryland2. Kentucky

a. Lincoln: ”I would like to have God on my side, but he would have to have Kentucky. To lose Kentucky is to lose the whole game.”b. Why so important?

3. Missouri4. Delaware

B. If border states had seceded: 

VI. Northern AdvantagesA. Manpower: 23.3 mill. to 9.1 mill.B. Manufacturing: $1.7 bill. to $156 mill.

C. Transportation: Railroad mileage1. 22,000 miles to 9,000 miles

D. Finances: Bank Deposits1. $207 bill. to $47 mill.E. Political Leadership: LINCOLN

VII. Southern AdvantagesA. Military Leaders: LEEB. Fighting DefensivelyC. Familiar with guns and wildernessD. Fighting to protect family and home

 VIII. WHY FIGHT?!?!?

A. North: to preserve the UnionB. South: INDEPENDENCE

IX. Strategy (plan to win the war)A. North

(1) blockade Southern coast (Ironclads)(2) Capture Richmond(3) Control Mississippi River and cut Confederacy in two

B. South(1) Hold out until Union tired of war

 X. Theatres of WarA. Eastern Theatre: all battles EAST of Appalachian Mountains.B. Western Theatre: all battles WEST of the Appalachians

 XI. Three major areas of Fighting:

A. Between Richmond and Washington D.C.B. TennesseeC. Mississippi

 XII. Name Game

.

Armies Battles

Rivers -Union-(North)

Geographical Features

States -Confederacy-(South)

Towns