8/8/2019 Road Development, Human Trafficking and HIV

1/7

The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarilyreflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or thegovernments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paperand accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarilybe consistent with ADB official terms.

8/8/2019 Road Development, Human Trafficking and HIV

2/7

8/8/2019 Road Development, Human Trafficking and HIV

3/7

Table 4.1. COMMUNITY, INDIVIDUAL, AND FAMILY FACTORS THATINCRE ASE RISK OF CAMBODIANS BEING TRAFFICKED TO THAILA NDCOMMUNITY FAC TOR Location Most migration and trafficking occurs along

the major highway s linkin g Cambodia toThail and

INDIVIDUA L & FAMILY FACT ORS Significant riskfactor

Not a risk factor

SexAgeNumber of brokers use dPre-existing knowledge a nd ideas aboutThailand

Marital stat usYears of educationPrevious jobNumber of dependents

Ill or recently passed away fam ily memberSibling or child who nee ds school feesForced to go to Thailand by fa mily memberViolence in the familyRecent flood, drought , natur al disaster

What are the Risk Factors?What are the Risk Factors?

Impact of New Roads on TIPImpact of New Roads on TIP

11 Open up new migration routesOpen up new migration routes New migrants are often more vulnerable Central Vietnam - Thailand

22 Encourage migrationEncourage migration Exposure to new jobs, lifestyles, etc. Baoshan - Longling, China

33 Change the way people migrateChange the way people migrate Impact on Interventions - from train to road* North-South corridor in Mongolia

8/8/2019 Road Development, Human Trafficking and HIV

4/7

Impact of New Roads on TIPImpact of New Roads on TIP

Impact of New Roads on TIPImpact of New Roads on TIP

8/8/2019 Road Development, Human Trafficking and HIV

5/7

Impact of New Roads on TIPImpact of New Roads on TIP

44 Disturb traditional lifestylesDisturb traditional lifestyles Land grabbing, move to monetary economy* North-East Cambodia, Lao PDR

55 Increase ProstitutionIncrease Prostitution Inherently exploitative trade During road-building projects

And After? Route 3 in northern Lao PDR

66 Provide alternatives to migrationProvide alternatives to migration

Increase local opportunities Longitudinal work needed

(Most of the impact is not within project life)

Preventing TraffickingPreventing Trafficking

Awareness raising isAwareness raising is thethe black holeblack hole of antiof anti--TIPTIPresourcesresources

unclear messagesunclear messages

wrong messageswrong messages

knowledge already existsknowledge already exists

Actions,Actions, Means and PurposeMeans and Purpose Unlike TIP networks, preventionUnlike TIP networks, prevention programmesprogrammes areare

not linked along migration routesnot linked along migration routes

Prevention often misses those in needPrevention often misses those in need

8/8/2019 Road Development, Human Trafficking and HIV

6/7

Trafficking and HIV/AIDSTrafficking and HIV/AIDS

LessonsLessons

Major gap between awareness andMajor gap between awareness and behaviourbehaviour

Approaches that deny reality will failApproaches that deny reality will fail

ChallengesChallenges

TIP seems to lend itself to dubious interventionsTIP seems to lend itself to dubious interventions

Potential tensions inPotential tensions in entertainment venuesentertainment venues

OpportunitiesOpportunities Both are risks faced by migrantsBoth are risks faced by migrants

More broadlyMore broadly

Best contributions may come at policy levelBest contributions may come at policy level ADB already active in COMMITADB already active in COMMIT

TA6448, linking with key sectors (transport, tourism)TA6448, linking with key sectors (transport, tourism)

More recognition ofMore recognition oflabourlabour migrationmigration as coreas corecomponent of regional economic integrationcomponent of regional economic integration

Ensure goodEnsure good labourlabour practices on projectspractices on projects

Ensure existingEnsure existingguidelines are implementedguidelines are implemented(environment, gender, ethnic minority)(environment, gender, ethnic minority)

Build on opportunities*Build on opportunities*

Drop theDrop theword?word?

8/8/2019 Road Development, Human Trafficking and HIV

7/7

At project levelAt project level

Be realistic about what might be achievedBe realistic about what might be achieved

Migrant information centres

Community Education

Peer education for sex workers

Out-reach at choke points

Community health schemes

Many can be combined with HIV/AIDS workMany can be combined with HIV/AIDS workAll must be based on accurate problem definitionAll must be based on accurate problem definition