ROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION - · PDF fileROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION ... –Concrete...

ROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

SI-4151 Construction Equipment & Methods

Lecture 14

TSP-308 MPK Ferdinand Fassa

History of Roads

Road Construction

• Design – Geometric (Vertical and Horizontal Alignments)

– Soil

– Pavement Design

• Construction – Earthworks

– Pavement Construction

The Basic Technology and Method

remain steady through years . . . .

Mechanization helps improve productivity

Design of Roads

Road Design (1)

• Geometric Design

Road Design (2) • Geometric Design

Road Design (3)

SWELLING & SHRINKING

Material % swell % shrink

Dry, clean sand or gravel +12 ~ +14 -12

Wet, clean sand or gravel +12 ~ +16 -14

Loamy sand +15 ~ +20 -17

Common soil +25 -20

Dense clay +33 ~ +40 -25

• Soil Behavior

Road Design (4)

excavation

loading

hauling

spreading

compaction

return

Cut and Fill

• Earthworks

Road Design (5)

FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

• Pavement Design

Road Design (6)

RIGID PAVEMENT

• Pavement Design

Roads Construction

►Cyclic Operation

excavation

loading

hauling

spreading

compaction

return

Road Construction (1)

Earthwork Excavation

Scraping (Loading – Hauling – Spreading)


Grading


Compaction


paving

compaction

Flexible Pavement


Flexible Pavement

ASPHALT MIXING PLANT


ASPHALT SPRAYER

Flexible Pavement


Asphalt Paver

Flexible Pavement


ASPHALT / ROAD RECLAIMER


Rigid Pavement

CONCRETE PAVER


CONCRETE PAVER Road Construction (11)

Closing • Road constructions are basically unchanged

• Mainly dominated by earthworks

• Modern highways (elevated) are built using other method (other equipment)

• Selection of equipment is critical (characteristic, capacity, combination, productivity, availability)

Bridge Construction

Bridge Types

• Short to medium span – Concrete (Simple Box-Girder) Bridges

– Concrete Arch Bridges

– Steel Frame Bridges

• Long span – Cable-stayed bridges

– Suspension bridges

– Hybrid bridges (cable-stayed suspension)

Evolution of Long Span Bridges

Development of Bridge Span

Continuous Girder Bridges

Trusses Bridges

Arch Bridges max. 500 m

Cable-stayed Bridges

Suspension Bridges (longer span)

Long Span Cable Bridges

• Development of Advanced Cable Material

Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (1998):

- mid span : 1990 m

- strength of cable : 1770 Mpa

- diam. of cable : 1,12 m

- 290 hexagonal strands @ 127 cables diam. 5,23 mm

- capacity : 65.000 tones

- total cable length : 600 km

- suspended cable : 560 tones

Cable facts

The development high performance cables aims at:

• high strength cable

• easy installation

• light weight

• high durability (against corrosion)

Bridge Types

arch-bridge (concrete or steel)

space-truss (steel bridge)


pylon bridge deck

cable


Pylon Configuration

Suspension Bridges

suspension cable

bridge deck

pylon

anchor

saddle cable

High Strength Cables

wires strands cable

Cable Bridge Construction Method

(Akhasi Kayko Bridge)

Foundation (off-shore structure)

laying down Caisson method

• underwater excavation

• base foundation works

• transporting & submerging Caisson

• pre-packed concreting

Abutment works (on-shore structure)

• excavation large foundation

• mass concreting

• high workability

Construction of Tower (Pylon)

• cast-in-place concreting

• self climbing form (slip form)

• self climbing crane

• precision

• weather sensitivity

Erection of Cable (Cable Stayed)

• erection of temporary props (rigging method)

• free cantilever w/ progressive placing

• balanced cantilever

• push out method



Erection of Cable (Suspension)

• raise catwalk (w/ chopper)

• cross bridge and fix storm ties

• raise tramway ropes

• erect main-cable - air spinning

• install deck unit

• joint deck unit

• cover main cable



anchorage bundled cable anchor block

Suspension Bridge Construction (1)

Anchorage

Construction of Caisson Foundation

Construction of Off-Shore Foundations

suspension cable


catwalk

Construction of Pylon Structure

spinning wheel



bridge deck erection

construction of approach ways


Segmental Bridge (w/ Launching Girder)

PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL CIPULARANG TAHAP II SEKSI IV.2 (JEMBATAN CIKUBANG)

P

2

P

1

A

1

R

B

R

A

P

2

P

1

A

1

R

B

R

A

Initial position; launcher truss ready for erection

Launcher truss moves to Pier 1, Pier 2

P

1

A

1

R

B

R

A

P

2

P

2

P

1

A

1

R

B

R

A


Girder prepared and launcher retreats

Girder erected by launcher

P

1

A

1

R

B

R

A

P

2

P

1

A

1

R

B

R

A

P

2


Girder approaches Pier1 and Pier 2

Launcher proceed to Pier 1 and Pier 2

P

1

A

1

R

B

R

A

P

2

P

1

A

1

R

B

R

A

P

2


Preparation to lower girder at P1 and P2

Lowering girder at P1 and P2

Pier construction using tower crane

Girder installation using truss launcher

The Management Aspects of Long Span Bridge Construction

• Preparation Works • Pre-fabrication and Assembly • Erection • Construction Control

• Process • Material

• Quality • Precision • Safety • Risk Management

videos and website

• Videos on Bridge Construction are available at Construction Engineering and Management Laboratory

• Information on bridge construction : http://bridgepros.com/

http://bridgepros.com/

Thank You

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