1. R&D Advanced Elective Module

• Members: Yeo Tin Mei, Abigail Koh,

Jocelyn Bong, Lyanne Loh, Sarah Loke

Water in Cambodia 2.

Overview:

• Introduction & Background Information

• Approach and Methods

• Results

• Analysis and Discussion

• Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION 4.

80% of deaths in Cambodia are due to water borne illness.

Infant mortality rate of children under 5 years old is 14%.

Dirty drinking water is the cause of 20% of these deaths.

5.

Most of these diseases can be cured but medical treatment is not readily available in the many rural parts of Cambodia.

We were to propose a method to help improve the water quality of the Cambodians.

6. APPROACH AND METHODS 7.

Temperature is an important parameter to aquatic life.

Cambodia is very warm.

• Dissolved oxygen is low

• Decreased growth of aerobic bacteria

• Temperature-sensitive organisms die

• Low salinity

• High turbidity

8.

How did we gather our data?

Survey villagers

• Location of water source and storage water

• Daily habits of the villagers

9.

How did we gather our data?

Water samples

• Source water

• Stored water

• Filtered water

10.

How did we utilise our data?

Comparison among samples from each household

Comparison between test results and the corresponding surveys, as well as among households with and without the filter

Test water samples back at our school lab

11. RESULTS 12. LABORATORY TESTS: MICROBIAL COUNT 13. LABORATORY TESTS: MICROBIAL COUNT 14. ON SITE TESTS: WATER PERIMETERS * DO = Dissolved Oxygen 15.

Water is used for cooking, drinking & rice field irrigation.

Each person uses 30 35 litres of water a day.

SURVEY: SIMILARITIES BETWEEN 2 HOUSEHOLDS 16.

Water is insufficient.

• Children fall sick once or twice a month.

• (usually diarrhoea)

Hope for clean and potable water supply.

SURVEY ANALYSIS: SIMILARITIES BETWEEN 2 HOUSEHOLDS 17. SURVEY ANALYSIS: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 2 HOUSEHOLDS 18. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 19.

Households with water filters still fall sick as often as households that do not have the water filter.

• Improper storage

Insufficient water.

• Dry season

• Long walking distance from well

• Results in villagers bathing once or twice a month

Do not boil drinking water.

20. CONCLUSION 21.

Bio-Sand-filtered water

• Comparatively high microbial count (455,000cfu/ml)

• More than 9 times that of well water

Well water

• High microbial count (5,000cfu/ml)

• Safe drinking water (100cfu/ml)

• Low compared to other samples

22.

Bio-sand filters did not improve the overall quality of the water.

Well water lowest microbial count

Water stored in a jar from site 1 lowest turbidity

23.