Pyschology 40s

Riverton Collegiate InstitutePsychology 40S

Instructor: Mr. Ewert

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH METHODS

Topic 1: Introduction 1.1.1 Define psychology, and list and explain its goals. 1.1.2 Describe and compare the biological, behavioural, cognitive, sociocultural, humanistic, and psychodynamic perspectives. 1.1.3 Explore career opportunities in the major subfields of psychology.

Topic 2: Research Methods 1.2.1 Describe and compare quantitative and qualitative research strategies. 1.2.2 Explore how statistics are used in psychological research. 1.2.3 Explore ethical issues in psychological research. 1.2.4 Discuss the development of psychology as an empirical science.

Chapter 1 The Study of Psychology

Goals for Chapter 1

1. Define personality, psychology, psychologist, and psychiatrist

2. Discuss and apply 4 goals of psychology

3. Research fields of psychology4. Review the history of

psychology5. Summarize the contemporary

perspectives in psychology6. Discuss and summarize

methodologies

Disappearing Definition

PERSONALITY- The distinct patterns of behavior, including thoughts and feelings, that characterize a person’s adaptation to life.

PERSONALITY- The distinct patterns of ________, including thoughts and feelings, that characterize a person’s adaptation to life.

PERSONALITY- The distinct patterns of ________, including thoughts and feelings, that characterize a _______ adaptation to life.

PERSONALITY- The distinct patterns of ________, including thoughts and feelings, that characterize a _______ __________ to life.

PERSONALITY- The distinct ________ of ________, including ________ and________, ____ characterize a _______ __________ to____.

PERSONALITY- The ________ ________ of ________, including ________ and________, ____ characterize a _______ __________ to____.

PERSONALITY- The ________ ________ of ________, _________ ________ and________, ____ ____________ a _______ __________ to____.

PERSONALITY- The ________ ________ __ ________, _________ ________ ___ ________, ____ ____________ _ _______ __________ __ ____.

___________- ___ ________ ______ __ ________, _________ ________ ___ ________, ____ ____________ _ _______ __________ __ ____.

NOW you can write it in your notebook!

PERSONALITY- The distinct patterns of behavior, including thoughts and feelings, that characterize a person’s adaptation to life.

How do we study personality?

PSYCHOLOGY- The science that studies behavior and mental processes or cognition.

Behavior

Every aspect of an organism’s functioning, including overt behavior, thought, emotion, and physiological activity.

These functions may or may not be directly observable.

Involves the study of all aspects of behavior.

Cognition

Includes the mental processes like dreaming, feeling, thinking, remembering, or problem solving.

Not usually directly observable.

Who studies personalities?

PSYCHOLOGIST- A person trained as a professional in science of psychology

PSYCHIATRIST- A medical doctor who specializes in the study and treatment of psychological disorders

Psychoanalyst- : usually a psychiatrist who have done additional training in the technique of psychoanalysis.

Four Goals of Psychology

DESCRIPTION – Gather information and find facts EXPLANATION – Create hypotheses, research and test the hypotheses, and construct theories

PREDICTION – What will an organism do? What will it think or feel? CONTROL – Seek to influence or control behavior in helpful

ways

History of Psychology

Stucturalism Functionalism Behaviorism Gestalt Psychoanalysis History of Psychology Jeopardy

Current Approaches

Biological/ Biophysiological Humanistic Psychoanalytical Cognitive Behavioral Sociocultural

Biological Approach

Understanding the function of behaviour through research in genetics, neurochemistry, hormones and nervous system physiology.

Twin studies, CAT, PET, EEG, MRI Sample research question: Do genes

affect your intelligence and personality?

Humanistic

Each person is a unique and complex organism with the capacity to reach his or her full potential.

We are not controlled by environmental or unconscious forces

Individual or self-directed choices Sample research question: Do I

believe I can prepare for and pass the test?

Psychoanalytical Approach

Unconscious motivations and the influence of sex and aggression on our behaviour.

Psychoanalysis through free-association and dream analysis.

Sample research question: How have negative childhood experiences affected the way I handle stressful situations?

Cognitive Approach

The study of mental processes, such as, thinking, perception, memory and problem solving.

How we process, store, and retrieve information influences our behavior.

Sample research question: How does caffeine affect my memory?

Behavioral Approach

How cognitive processes like thinking and feeling, as well as observable behavior impact our personality.

Events in our environment (rewards and punishments) influence our behavior.

Sample research question: Can good study habits be learned?

Sociocultural Approach

Looks at how culture, gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status affect how we think, feel, and behave.

Sample research question: How do people with different genders and ethnicities interact with one another?

Subfields of Psychology

Clinical Counseling School Industrial-Organizational Developmental Social Experimental

Clinical

The largest group of psychologists. Evaluate mental and emotional

problems, administer and assess personality tests and treat people with behavior problems.

Help people deal with their personal problems.

Work in private offices, mental hospitals, prisons and clinics.

Counseling

A psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living.

Help people adjust to less severe emotional or personal problems.

Work in clinics, schools, industrial firms.

School

Administer and interpret aptitude or intelligence tests for placing students.

Industrial-Organizational

Improve working conditions, moral. Design training

programs/counseling Plans to improve employee job

satisfaction Design equipment and aid in

marketing plans through research on consumer interest.

Developmental

Research and explain how humans change over time.

Child development Lifespan

ExperimentalResearch fundamental causes of behavior

COGNITIVE Perception Memory Thinking Problem solving

PSYCHOBIOLOGY Biological

Processes