Risk Based Scoping secured by Asset Management Control for Aging Coal Fired Power Plants
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Transcript of Risk Based Scoping secured by Asset Management Control for Aging Coal Fired Power Plants
Risk Based Scoping secured by Asset Management Control for Aging Coal Fired Power Plants
Thesis Master of Science in Asset Management ControlEdgar Wienen BSc.
E.ON Benelux, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
March 9th 2012
Problem initiation2. THEORETICAL &
PRACTICAL FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Generating electrical energy using aging conventional production facilities with low efficiency do not compensate the marginal costs in comparison with newer more efficient generation. Deployment of these production facilities in the near future will become too expensive and the margins will become smaller.
(ECN, 2009)
EBX CEO (Van Dijk, dec. 2010) affirms the conclusion of ECN and stated that this will result in lower profitability of the production facilities of EBX.
Problem initiation2. THEORETICAL &
PRACTICAL FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
The most significant cause is a deteriorating market situation due to:
– Increase of CO2 tax to reduce CO2 gas emission by means of fiscal measures;
– Preference of renewable energy in stead of conventional energy;
– Increase of renewable energy;– Competition.
Problem initiation2. THEORETICAL &
PRACTICAL FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
The consequences for E.ON is a cost reduction announcement of 1,5 billion euro which will be realized by reducing personnel with 9.000 – 11.000 from 80.000 employees and a major cost reduction.
The consequences for EBX are not clear in detail for this moment but it is a fact that we in the very near future have to manage our assets with less budget in a lean organization.
Therefore the driver and essence behind this research subject is to be able to determine where to spend money and man-hours by means of continuously identifying "need to haves" and "nice to haves”
By means of a risk based approach and combined with AMC
This conclusion implies also a change in the scope of work
Variable assessment on contribution marginConsequences for aging coal fired power plants of EBX
Theoretical and Practical Foundation
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Justification of the research subject in order to decide if the intended research will proceed or change
Conclusion:Margin will decrease from 2013 but will stay positive
Rev
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Con
tribu
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Mar
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Euro
per
MW
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oduc
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incl
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ad fa
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Revenues and Expenses
Revenues and Expenses Contribution for Maasvlakte unit 1&2situation 2010
Rev
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epric
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Con
tribu
tion
Mar
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Euro
per
MW
h pr
oduc
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load
fact
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Revenues and Expenses
Revenues and Expenses Contribution for Maasvlakte unit 1&2estimated situation 2013
Theoretical and Practical Foundation
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Justification of the research subject in order to decide if the intended research will proceed or change
Maintenance work order growth analyses
Annual number of preventive and corrective maintenance work orders for Maasvlakte units 1, 2 and common systems
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Year
Num
ber o
f wor
kord
ers
Corrective maintenance
Preventive maintenance
Conclusion:Increase of preventive maintenance does not show a decrease of the amount of corrective maintenance.
Improvement potential by reducing the corrective maintenance (aging)
Theoretical and Practical Foundation
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Justification of the research subject in order to decide if the intended research will proceed or change
Risk assessment preventive maintenance strategy (quick scan)
Risk effect category: Environment
3
Probability of occurence
Effe
ct
Risk effect category: Reputation
3
Probability of occurence
Effe
ct
Risk effect category: Production loss, Material damage and Unplanned Unavailability
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3
21
4
2
4
10
4
72
10
2
40
10
15
1
Probability of occurence
Effe
ct
Risk effect category: Safety
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
10
1
Probability of occurence
Effe
ct
A EC DB
A EC DB
A EC DB
A EC DB
1
5
3
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2
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1
5
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1
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Conclusion:A costs saving potential is present by means of canceling or postpone the “nice to have” activities and only keep the “need to have” activities in the scope.
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Theoretical and Practical Foundation
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Core Definitions
• Risk Based Scoping
• Risk management within EBX environment
• Asset Management Control
• Aging Coal Fired Power plants
Practical Foundation
Theoretical Foundation
Perception of reality
Insights in existing RBS related methods, techniques and support systems
Forms the backbone of the RBS method design
AMC Related Literature:
•Cost Effective Management Control of Capital Assets, Stavenuiter•LOGISTIC ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, Blanchard•Reliability–centred Maintenance, Moubray•ITEGRATED LOGISTIC SUPPORT HANDBOOK, Jones•Integrated Logistic Support, Defensie
Literature on Risk:
•Risk Management, Australian/New Zealand Standards•Risk Management section from PAS 55, British Standards•The Orange Book - management of Risk - Principles and Concepts, HM TREASURY•Leidraad RAMS, Rijkswaterstaat
Literature on Aging Coal Fired Power Plants:
•Oudere E-productie eenheden, KEMA•MERIT Brandstofmix 2020, ECN
Field survey:
•Asset Management with EBX•Risk Management within EBX
Opportunities and findings
"How to get better grip on Risk Based Scoping of the Aging Coal Fired Power Plants of E.ON Benelux?”
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Theoretical and Practical Foundation
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Findings from the business environment
– Development of preventive maintenance strategies and project initiations is experienced and do not correlate with the actual performance;
– Improvement loops are not embedded;
– A substantial costs saving potential by means of cancel or postpone “nice to have” activities and focus on the “need to have” activities is demonstrated to be present;
– There is a robust risk evaluation software application available.
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Theoretical and Practical Foundation
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Analyses of the literature study
– The literature of Cost Effective Management Control of Capital Assets is classified as the most comprehensive approach to use as backbone for RBS, mostly for identification of PKCD’s, transparency and communication;
– The literature of ILS and Leidraad RAMS guideline translate failure modes into risks by means of a risk matrix followed by and RCM method;
– The risk management literature provide deeper understanding of frameworks in relation to risk management;
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Theoretical and Practical Foundation
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Opportunity to improveTo determine where to spend money and man-hours by means of
a structured, transparent and integrated risk based approach which continuously identifies "need to haves" and "nice to haves" and to make these quantifiable to get a better control regarding the decision making of which activities are essential and how to communicate this to stakeholders according to the AMC approach. By combining the theory of risk management, the risk
management strategy within EBX and the AMC related literature.
The risk management knowledge will contribute to increase the AMC related knowledge;
The AMC related knowledge will contribute to increase the risk management related knowledge;
Implementing the results within the EBX environment will contribute to increase the profitability.
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2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Problem Definition
Define realistic and relevant RBS objectives which should solve the problemBased on generally accepted, verifiable, and
justifiable professional knowledge
– Better identification of risks and threats;– A rigorous base of decision making;– Continues improvement;– More effective actor allocation;– Better transparency trough clear structure and better
documentation;– Better communication;
To tackle the problem and for implementation and integration purposes the 6 get’s approach is adopted.
1. get organized
1. get organized
2. get oriented
2. get oriented
3. get practiced
3. get practiced 4. get real4. get real 5. get
across5. get
across 6. get grip6. get grip
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2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Risk Based Scoping guideline design
Risk Based Scoping guideline design
1. get organized
1. get organized
2. get oriented
2. get oriented
3. get practiced
3. get practiced
4. get real4. get real
Set up an AMC structure from where RBS can start from (section 4.1)Functional breakdown of the system
The logistic process structureThe RBS team along with task and responsibilities
Applying system analyses related to RBSProgram AMICO as RBS modeling tool and RBS management
Information & communication system
Performance KillersCost Drivers
Lists sources of risk and events that (might) have an impact on the achievement of the organizational objectives
Step 1: Identification of risks (section 4.2.1)
Step 2: Determine risk level (section 4.2.2)
Determination of risk level creates a risk profile for the organization and provide insight in develloping and understanding of the risks
Step 3: Determine if the risks are tolerable (section 4.2.3)
Make decisions, based on the outcome of the risk analyses, which risks need treatment and treatment priorities (separate need to haves and nice to haves)
Step 4: Determine risk control measures (section 4.2.4)
Turn uncertainty to the organizations benefit by constraining threats by means of the most cost efficient control measure
Tolerate Treat
4. get real4. get real
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2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Case Study (implementation)
Case Study Set up an AMC structure from where RBS can start from (section 4.1)
Functional breakdown of the systemThe logistic process structure
The RBS team along with task and responsibilitiesApplying system analyses related to RBS
Program AMICO as RBS modeling tool and RBS management Information & communication system
1. get organized
1. get organized
System as whole
Functional decomposition
Physical decomposition
Work breakdown structure
Structuring:– Functional decomposition– Logistic process structure– RBS team– Information and communication
system
Manager Operations (representing the owner/user)
Manager Asset Risk & Governance (representing the independent risk expert)
Manager Maintenance (representing the maintainer)
Daily Maintenance and Workshops
Inspection & Condition Monitoring
Risk Engineering
Shift Leaders and Operators
Maintenance Engineering
Operational Engineering
Outages
Information Services
Prime Actors
ReportingConsulting
4
3
21
4
2
4
10
4
73
10
2
39
10
15
1
Effe
ct
A B C D E
Performance Engineering
ResourceActor
ControlActor
Prime Actor
SupportActor
RBSProcess
ResourceActor
ControlActor
Prime Actor
SupportActor
RBSProcess
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2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Set up an AMC structure from where RBS can start from (section 4.1)Functional breakdown of the system
The logistic process structureThe RBS team along with task and responsibilities
Applying system analyses related to RBSProgram AMICO as RBS modeling tool and RBS management
Information & communication system
– System analyses– RBS knowledge– Program
2. get oriented
2. get oriented
3. get practiced
3. get practiced
System definition / characteristics
Installation definition / characteristics
Reliability, Availability, Capability
Logistic products, service and actors relations
Cost analyses
High level training road map
4. get real4. get real
Function diagram
Installation diagram Activity diagram product/actor data
Installation data
Operational (sub) functions
Technical functions
Installations
Installation definition and characteristics
Actors and product type
e.g. costs impact factor
Function and installation relations and impact factor
Case Study
Case Study (implementation)
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2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Case Study 4. get real4. get real
– Identification PKCD’s – Determine which need risk
assessment– Information and communication
system
Lists sources of risk and events that (might) have an impact on the achievement of the organizational objectives
Step 1: Identification of risks (section 4.2.1)
Step 2: Determine risk level (section 4.2.2)
Determination of risk level creates a risk profile for the organization and provide insight in develloping and understanding of the risks
Step 3: Determine if the risks are tolerable (section 4.2.3)
Make decisions, based on the outcome of the risk analyses, which risks need treatment and treatment priorities (separate need to haves and nice to haves)
Step 4: Determine risk control measures (section 4.2.4)
Turn uncertainty to the organizations benefit by constraining threats by means of the most cost efficient control measure
Tolerate Treat
Case Study (implementation)
Selection of PKCD’s for further analyses
– Multiple periods below baseline – Influence on the cost
effectiveness– Deviation on performance and
costs
Risk engineer: From system analyses indicated as PK in the years 2009, 2010, 2011. PT Risk entry MPP00058 for risk assessment and assumptions.Further analyses show prev. vs corr maint do not correlate. Direction of solution RCM study.ME mechanical check en confirm.
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2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Case Study 4. get real4. get real
– Determine risk level– Determine if risks are
tolerable– Information and
communication system
Lists sources of risk and events that (might) have an impact on the achievement of the organizational objectives
Step 1: Identification of risks (section 4.2.1)
Step 2: Determine risk level (section 4.2.2)
Determination of risk level creates a risk profile for the organization and provide insight in develloping and understanding of the risks
Step 3: Determine if the risks are tolerable (section 4.2.3)
Make decisions, based on the outcome of the risk analyses, which risks need treatment and treatment priorities (separate need to haves and nice to haves)
Step 4: Determine risk control measures (section 4.2.4)
Turn uncertainty to the organizations benefit by constraining threats by means of the most cost efficient control measure
Tolerate Treat
Case Study (implementation)
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2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Case study
Case Study 5. get across
5. get across 6. get grip6. get grip
– How to communicate the message
– How to embed RBS in the organization
Regarding the RBS guideline 2 presentations were given to explain the principles of RBS in relation with AMC to E.ON executives and staff executives.
The goal of presenting the guideline was to examine the support of the management and to evaluate the guideline to obtain feedback.
These presentations resulted in positive reactions
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2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Empirical research results
Further implementation within EBX will lead to better control regarding the decision making process on which activities are essential and how to communicate these to the stake holders.
This will contribute to a lean and mean maintenance strategy and to a stronger competitive position of EBX.
Evaluation
From the case study it appeared that a considerable amount of information is available within the EBX environment but divided in
the organization.
This proves that applying RBS based on AMC can be implemented within the EBX organization with low effort
From evaluation of the research objectives, the main opportunity and the outcome of the case study it is concluded that the
guideline meets all objectives
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2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
2. THEORETICAL & PRACTICAL
FOUNDATION
4. RISK BASED SCOPING METHOD
DESIGN
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH RESULTS
3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
1. INITIATIONEVALUATION
ABSTRACTION IMPLEMENTATION
DESIGN SPECS
Empirical research results
Implement this guideline further within the EBX environment and in a later stadium further in the E.ON steam fleet
Procedures which meet the quality standards are to be set up. Also the training program must be developed further, based on
the theory as described in this thesis
The RBS meetings, as suggested, must be organized or integrated in the existing communication structure of EBX
In this case study a standalone version of AMICO is used and if decided to further implement the guideline an on line intranet
version, as suggested, is advisable
Further work needs to be performed in order to determine reliable baseline values in the matter of reliability, availability, capability
and cost figures on installation and actor level
Recommendations
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Public Defense