Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control...
Transcript of Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control...
![Page 1: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA www.bhsea.org.uk
George Allcock
December 2017
Risk Assessment Refresher
![Page 2: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Hazard
Risk
Risk
Assessment
Risk
Management
The potential to cause harm i.e. injury, ill health, damage or loss to
people, the business or the environment
Something that could cause harm *
The severity / consequences and liklihood of what could happen or go
wrong (under reasonable foreseeable circumstances which could
arise). Effect of uncertainty on objectives* (What, how severe & how likely)
A structured approach to understanding and analysing risk so that
decisions can be made to accept the risk or take action
The whole risk process, in particular whereby decisions are made to
accept a known or assessed risk & / or implement actions to:
reduce the likelihood of occurrence
reduce the consequences incl. emergency preparedness
increase reliability
transfer the risk to other(s)
Definitions
* From ISO 31000 ‘Risk Management Standard’
![Page 3: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Risk assessment aims to anticipate and thus prevent accidents & harm
To prevent accidents and have effective risk
assessments we need to understanding:
- What sort of accidents (can) happen
- How accidents happen
- Why they happen i.e. causes
- What can be done to fix the causes
The terms 'safety' & ‘accident’ are taken to include occupational ill health
![Page 4: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Serious Accident Analysis (126 serious accidents)
![Page 5: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Exposure to hazards / foreseeable causes of injury
or harm
How accidents happen
in
circumstances which may be reasonably expected
to occur
by
people acting / behaving in a way they may be
reasonably expected to
!
Many risk assessments particularly generic ones are poor at identifying reasonably expected circumstances and the actions
and behaviours of people that follows.
![Page 6: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Why accidents happen – Specific Causes
![Page 7: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Accidents: How to Prevent Them
A strong safety culture - leadership
Suitable risk assessment tools / techniques
Practical risk assessment training
Learning to foresee accidents – training
Sharing & learning from accident experience – what happened, why etc
Equipping people to make risk decisions & deal with circumstances which could arise
Risk assessment training for all?
Recognising the key role of behaviour
![Page 8: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards
System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances which arise can be dealt with in a correct & safe way i.e. people know what to do.
People / behavioural solutions so that hazards & risks are known & correct / safe behaviour is the norm - “the way we do things round here”
X
V
Elimination to avoid the hazard completely e.g. stopping the activity
Substitution i.e. replacing with something less hazardous or easier to control or transfer risk
Accidents: How to Prevent Them
Risk Assessment to help decide which solution(s)
![Page 9: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Complacency – we have a good record.
Documenting what is already well known – often many minor
risks (a paper exercise?!)
Generic risk assessment which does not address the particular
activity / task.
Limited experience of serious accidents and their causes - the
organisation & individuals.
Not anticipating or taking proper account of circumstances
which could arise.
No practical input – worker involvement.
Done mainly to comply with the law (let’s complete the form)
rather than manage risk.
Risk Assessment: Some common pitfalls
![Page 10: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
A risk assessment is simply:
- a careful examination of
- what, in your work, could cause harm to people,
- so that you decide whether you have done enough or should
- do more to prevent harm.
The main steps are:
Step 1: Identify the hazards
Step 2: Decide who might be harmed and how
Step 3: Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions
Step 4: Record your findings and implement them
Step 5: Review your assessment and update if necessary
Risk Assessment common themes - various tools / techniques / forms used
Partly based on HSE ‘Five Steps to Risk Assessment’
![Page 11: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Risk Assessment: Tools, Techniques, Forms etc
A wide range e.g. • FMEA (Failure Modes & Effects Analysis)
• Check-lists with tick boxes • Matrices of activity v hazard / risks & controls
Quantitative or qualitative e.g. High; Medium; Low risk
Sources include: • EU & National websites including HSE • Industry advisory organisations • Own / in-house, training courses, consultants • Safety software including Apps suppliers
Storage and access e.g. paper, computer, cloud Who used by, accessed by, reviewed by
No single technique is effective for all situations
It is very useful to have a simple technique / form that
can be readily used by employees ‘at point of work’.
![Page 12: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Googling ‘Risk Assessment – 133,000,000 hits
![Page 13: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Risk Assessment
Asst No.
For use by non-specialists or where other risk assessment forms are not available or not suitable Site: Initiated by: Date: Agreed by: Date:
Dept./location: Review by: Date: Review by: Date:
1. Basic Information – insert photo(s) in shaded box or attach. Use additional sheets if more space needed for any part of this form
Activity or task to be carried out
................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................
Workplace /
location of activity
................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................
Machine /
equipment / tools
involved
................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................
Hazardous
substances used
or likely to arise
................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................
..........................................................................................................................................Data sheet(s) available? Yes No
2. Hazards & Risks - if necessary do detailed risk assessment(s) & attach
What significant hazards exist of could arise?
Moving machinery or material Lifting equipment Vehicles/fork lift trucks Hazardous substances
Stored energy incl. gravity fall Pressure systems Work at height Flammable materials Operation without warning Electricity Slipping/tripping hazards Confined space Moving, flying or falling object Noise / vibration Handling, lifting or carrying Radiation
Other / further explanation: …………………………………................................................................................................
Who / what could suffer serious harm?
Operator or setter Other employee / staff Young or inexperienced person Contractor or public
Maintenance Person working alone Person with limited capability Environment or property
Other / further explanation: …………………………………...............................................................................................
How serious is the risk?
High Medium Low Don’t know / not sure – need to seek advice
Further explanation: …………………………………..........................................................................................................
3. Actions / Improvement Opportunities (If elimination or substitution is possible describe below) Action by Date
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. Before proceeding!
During the activity / task could problems arise or could anything fail or go wrong*? Yes No Don’t know?
If ‘Yes’ or ‘Don’t know’ would you know what to do? Yes No If ‘No’ don’t proceed – seek advice
Does a written safe system of work and / or SOP need producing or changing? Yes No If ‘Yes’ that is the next step
* See ‘4. Causes’ on Accident etc Report form Risk Assessment form - Draft 01.02.2012
Who or what could be harmed?
Risk – High, Medium or Low?
1. Activity, workplace, machine / equipment, hazardous substances
2. Hazards & risks – check-list
4. Before proceeding - Key questions
3. Actions – improvement opportunities
Significant hazards / risks – exist or could arise
Risk Assessment for non-specialists
before work / at point of work
![Page 14: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Risk Assessment form – part 1of 4
![Page 15: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
2. Hazards & Risks - if necessary do detailed risk assessment(s) & attach
What significant hazards exist of could arise?
Moving machinery or material Lifting equipment Vehicles/fork lift trucks Hazardous substances
Stored energy incl. gravity fall Pressure systems Work at height Flammable materials Operation without warning Electricity Slipping/tripping hazards Confined space Moving, flying or falling object Noise / vibration Handling, lifting or carrying Radiation
Other / further explanation: …………………………………................................................................................................
Who / what could suffer serious harm?
Operator or setter Other employee / staff Young or inexperienced person Contractor or public
Maintenance Person working alone Person with limited capability Environment or property
Other / further explanation: …………………………………...............................................................................................
How serious is the risk?
High Medium Low Don’t know / not sure – need to seek advice
Further explanation: …………………………………..........................................................................................................
Risk Assessment form – part 2 of 4
![Page 16: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
3. Actions / Improvement Opportunities (If elimination or substitution is possible describe below) Action by Date
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ..........................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... .......................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4. Before proceeding!
During the activity / task could problems arise or could anything fail or go wrong*? Yes No Don’t know?
If ‘Yes’ or ‘Don’t know’ would you know what to do? Yes No If ‘No’ don’t proceed – seek advice
Does a written safe system of work and / or SOP need producing or changing? Yes No If ‘Yes’ that is the next step
* See ‘4. Causes’ on Accident etc Report form Risk Assessment form - Draft 01.02.2012
Risk Assessment form – parts 3 & 4 of 4
![Page 17: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Hazard Identification What could (or did) happen or go wrong?
Hazard? Possible consequences?
missing guard
small fire
handling chemicals
bow doors open on ship
container in gangway Near miss, damage,
minor injury, serious injury,
death or disaster?
Depends on the hazard & what people
do or fail to do Item on top of high cupboard
working under press platen
Often hazards are not obvious. We need to consider
what could happen & ask ‘what if?’
![Page 18: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment - First Step
What could cause injury or harm?
![Page 19: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment – Second Step
What could the consequences be - how serious - & what is the likelihood of it happening?
![Page 20: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Risk Management
Risk Assessment – Third Step
Deciding what action to take – and doing it
![Page 21: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
All three steps are important
![Page 22: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
What could be done to reduce the risk
![Page 23: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Most
preferred
Least preferred
Control / precaution Examples
Elimination • Move the rock
Substitution • Go a different way
Engineering control
• Restrain the rock • Barrier the at-risk area • Make a tunnel
System of work
• Written procedure incl. ‘Wear hard hat’ • Display notice • Instruct people incl. “Wear hard hat”
Person / behaviour
• Follow procedure, notices, PPE etc e.g. Actually wear hard hat
Hierarchy of Controls usually more than one - in combination
![Page 24: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Risk: Severity x Probability
![Page 25: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Making judgements about risk
Level of
Risk Guide to action
High Actions required as a matter of priority.
Medium Actions required but less urgent.
Low Actions should be taken if cost effective.
If the costs are clearly very high and the reduction in risk only small, then it is likely that the
risk is already ‘as low as is reasonably practicable’ and further improvements are not required. In
other circumstances the improvements may be relatively simple or cheap to implement and the
risk reduction significant; here the risk is unlikely to be ‘as low as is reasonably practicable’ and
improvement is required.
Recognised good practice (identified in industry codes, by benchmarking, etc) is invariably
based on ‘as low as is reasonably practicable’ and often provides a sound basis for actions to be
decided. Where the situation is complex, it may be difficult to reach a decision on the basis of
good practice alone and the principles of ‘as low as is reasonably practicable’ will need to
carefully considered and applied.
The concept ‘As low as is
reasonably practical’ helps to
make sensible and economic
decisions about risk and how
far risk reduction actions
should be taken.
![Page 26: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Increase reliability
- reduce likelihood
Mitigate consequences
- reduce severity
By design
/ engineering
By systems
/ procedures
‘Fail-safe’ principle Protective systems
• Reduce likelihood / probability or reduce severity
Risk Management - Reducing Risk
By people
/ behaviours
Examples of risk reduction measures from road / driving risks: anti-lock braking, speed limits, seat belts, air bags, signs, training, traffic lights, fines, crumple zones on vehicles, horns, soft interiors, speed cameras etc, etc.
Nearly all risk reduction strategies involve a combination of engineering solutions, systems / procedural solutions and people / behavioural solutions
![Page 27: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
3. Take
Action
Most preferred
Least preferred
• Elimination
• Substitution
• Engineering Controls
• Systems / Procedures
• Behaviour incl. PPE
e.g. Don’t do the job / task
e.g. Use another process, machine etc
e.g. Guard, foolproof or protect
e.g. Specify the safe way (use photos)
e.g. Use protective equipment
4.
Monitor,
Review
& Act
2.
Assess
Risks
• Identifying hazards - what could happen or go wrong?
• Who (or what) could be harmed & how seriously?
• How likely is it to happen?
• Is the risk High, Medium or Low? (Seriousness x likelihood)
• How can risks be eliminated or reduced?
1.
Identify
Hazards
Accidents /
Incidents
Employee
concerns
Workplace
Inspections
External
audits
Other Acct
Reports
Accident information, good
practice etc from others
Observation /
Intervention
Two way
dialogue
Other(s)?
Surveys &
self audits
Quick Hits
/ Obvious
Actions
Often actions are a combination of two or more
Assess Risk – Take Action
![Page 28: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Risk Assessment Process Flow Chart
Have you considered: - Accidents & near misses - your plant, elsewhere? - Legislation / law, standards etc - Good practice (Own organisation, Industry etc) Have you obtained necessary input / advice?
Critical step - sometimes not carried out well
![Page 29: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Publicising Identified Safe & Unsafe Behaviour
• Operators etc need to know in order to follow the safe behaviour.
• Supervisors etc need to know in order to positively reinforce safe behaviour & correct unsafe behaviour.
![Page 30: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
Risk Assessments etc of limited value without visible & active Leadership
![Page 31: Risk Assessment Refresher - BHSEA · Engineering solutions to isolate, separate, reduce or control exposure to hazards System solutions e.g. ‘safe procedures’ so that circumstances](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071013/5fcb37d24d9de063904077c5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Birmingham Health, Safety & Environment Association BHSEA
• How do you do this work?
• How do you know you are doing it correctly / safely?
• How do you know that the outcome is free of defects / is safe?
• What sort of problems sometimes occur?
• What do you do if you have a problem?
Testing the system / Driving Improvement: Questions by Leaders, managers etc