Risk Assessment b b Introduction ObjectivesObjectives –Appreciate the Legal Requirements for Risk...

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

Introduction• ObjectivesObjectives

– Appreciate the Legal Requirements for Risk Appreciate the Legal Requirements for Risk AssessmentAssessment

– Describe the Benefits of Risk AssessmentDescribe the Benefits of Risk Assessment– Define HazardsDefine Hazards– Evaluate RiskEvaluate Risk– Identify Risk ControlsIdentify Risk Controls


Introduction• What is Risk Assessment?

– A practical, systematic approach to identifying A practical, systematic approach to identifying hazards & hazards & evaluatingevaluating the extent of risk taking the extent of risk taking into account existing precautionsinto account existing precautions


Introduction• Legislation

– Management of Health & Safety at Work Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999Regulations 1999

– Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 – Health & Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Health & Safety (Display Screen Equipment)

Regulations 1992Regulations 1992– Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

Regulations 1999Regulations 1999


IntroductionIntroduction• Management of Health & Safety at Work Management of Health & Safety at Work

Regulations 1999 ( Regulation 3)Regulations 1999 ( Regulation 3)– Every employer shall make a suitable and Every employer shall make a suitable and

sufficient assessment of:sufficient assessment of:– the risks to the health & safety of his employees to the risks to the health & safety of his employees to

which they are exposed whilst they are at work; which they are exposed whilst they are at work; andand

– the risks to the health & safety of persons not in the risks to the health & safety of persons not in his employment arising out of, or in connection his employment arising out of, or in connection with, the conductwith, the conduct by him of his by him of his undertakingundertaking


DefinitionsDefinitions• HazardHazard

– Something that has the potential to cause harm Something that has the potential to cause harm to persons, property, plant or equipmentto persons, property, plant or equipment


DefinitionsDefinitions• RiskRisk

– The likelihood that the harm will arise coupled The likelihood that the harm will arise coupled with the consequenceswith the consequences


DefinitionsDefinitions• Risk EvaluationRisk Evaluation

– Cost Benefit Analysis of Risk ControlCost Benefit Analysis of Risk Control

Risk

TimeCostEffort


Planning For Risk AssessmentPlanning For Risk Assessment• Classification of Work ActivitiesClassification of Work Activities

– Geographical Areas Inside & OutsideGeographical Areas Inside & Outside– Stages in Production ProcessStages in Production Process– Planned & Reactive WorkPlanned & Reactive Work– Defined Tasks (e.g. fork lift driving)Defined Tasks (e.g. fork lift driving)


Planning For Risk AssessmentPlanning For Risk Assessment• Gathering InformationGathering Information

– Type of Tasks & Duration/FrequencyType of Tasks & Duration/Frequency– Locations Where Work is Carried OutLocations Where Work is Carried Out– Who Carries Out the TaskWho Carries Out the Task– Others Who May Be Affected (contractors, Others Who May Be Affected (contractors,

visitors etc.)visitors etc.)– Training RecordsTraining Records– Safe Systems of WorkSafe Systems of Work– Managers & EmployeesManagers & Employees– Technical ExpertsTechnical Experts



– Services Used (e.g. compressed air, electric, hydraulics)Services Used (e.g. compressed air, electric, hydraulics)– Types of Plant & Machinery Being UsedTypes of Plant & Machinery Being Used– Manufacturers/Suppliers Information on Use & OperationManufacturers/Suppliers Information on Use & Operation– Statutory Inspection Requirements (e.g. lifting equipment)Statutory Inspection Requirements (e.g. lifting equipment)– Inspection, Test & Maintenance SchedulesInspection, Test & Maintenance Schedules– Size, Shape, Surface Character & Weight of Size, Shape, Surface Character & Weight of

Materials That Might be HandledMaterials That Might be Handled– Distances & Heights That Materials Have to be Distances & Heights That Materials Have to be

Manually TransportedManually Transported



– Substances Being Used or EncounteredSubstances Being Used or Encountered– Physical Form of Substances (e.g. fume, dust, Physical Form of Substances (e.g. fume, dust,

liquid etc.)liquid etc.)– Contents of Substance Data SheetsContents of Substance Data Sheets– Applicable Legislative Requirements (ACOP’s etc.)Applicable Legislative Requirements (ACOP’s etc.)– Industry Best Practice & British StandardsIndustry Best Practice & British Standards– Current Control Measures (e.g. guarding, Current Control Measures (e.g. guarding,

extraction)extraction)– Accident/Incident/Ill Health DataAccident/Incident/Ill Health Data


Identifying HazardsIdentifying Hazards• Is There a Source of Harm?Is There a Source of Harm?• Who or What Could be Harmed?Who or What Could be Harmed?• How Could Harm Occur?How Could Harm Occur?


Hazard ClassificationHazard Classification• Slip/Trip/FallSlip/Trip/Fall• Fall From HeightFall From Height• Hand/Power ToolsHand/Power Tools• HandlingHandling


Hazard ClassificationHazard Classification• MachineryMachinery• Fixed/Flying/Falling ObjectsFixed/Flying/Falling Objects• TransportTransport• ElectricityElectricity


Hazard ClassificationHazard Classification• ChemicalsChemicals• Noise/VibrationNoise/Vibration• Fire/ExplosionFire/Explosion• Hot SurfacesHot Surfaces


Hazard ClassificationHazard Classification• Confined Spaces/Lone WorkingConfined Spaces/Lone Working• LightingLighting• Thermal EnvironmentThermal Environment• Repetitive WorkingRepetitive Working


Determining RiskDetermining Risk• ExposureExposure• LikelihoodLikelihood• ConsequenceConsequence


Determining RiskDetermining Risk• ExposureExposure

– Highly Infrequent (< once per annum)Highly Infrequent (< once per annum)– Quite Infrequent (annually/biannually)Quite Infrequent (annually/biannually)– Frequent (quarterly/monthly)Frequent (quarterly/monthly)– Quite Frequent (weekly/daily)Quite Frequent (weekly/daily)– Highly Frequent (continuous daily)Highly Frequent (continuous daily)


Determining RiskDetermining Risk• LikelihoodLikelihood

– Highly Unlikely (practically impossible)Highly Unlikely (practically impossible)– Quite Unlikely (conceivable but very unlikely)Quite Unlikely (conceivable but very unlikely)– Likely (conceivable and could possibly happen)Likely (conceivable and could possibly happen)– Quite Likely (almost certain to happen)Quite Likely (almost certain to happen)– Highly Likely (certain to happen)Highly Likely (certain to happen)


Determining RiskDetermining Risk• ConsequenceConsequence

– Minor Injury/Ill Health ( minor cuts, abrasions Minor Injury/Ill Health ( minor cuts, abrasions etc.)etc.)

– Injury/Ill Health (burns, sprains, minor fractures Injury/Ill Health (burns, sprains, minor fractures etc.)etc.)

– Serious Injury/Ill Health (breaks, WRULD’s, Serious Injury/Ill Health (breaks, WRULD’s, deafness etc.)deafness etc.)

– Major Injury/Ill Health (amputations, cancer, Major Injury/Ill Health (amputations, cancer, multiple breaks etc.)multiple breaks etc.)

– Fatality (one or more fatalities)Fatality (one or more fatalities)


Determining RiskDetermining Risk• Factors Affecting Likelihood & Factors Affecting Likelihood &

ConsequenceConsequence– IndividualIndividual

– knowledge/skillsknowledge/skills– trainingtraining– experienceexperience– attitudeattitude– risk perceptionrisk perception– mental/physical condition & capabilitymental/physical condition & capability



ConsequenceConsequence– TaskTask

– workload/work patternsworkload/work patterns– equipment/toolsequipment/tools– processprocess– guarding/controlsguarding/controls– environmentenvironment– maintenance regimemaintenance regime



ConsequenceConsequence– TaskTask

– PPEPPE– emergency arrangementsemergency arrangements– training/information/instructiontraining/information/instruction– proceduresprocedures– supervisionsupervision– communicationscommunications


Risk ControlRisk Control• Hierarchy of ControlsHierarchy of Controls

– PreventionPrevention– EngineeringEngineering– Policy/ProceduralPolicy/Procedural


Risk ControlRisk Control• Hierarchy of Control MeasuresHierarchy of Control Measures

– Prevention ControlsPrevention Controls– eliminate use of substance, material, plant or eliminate use of substance, material, plant or

equipmentequipment– replace with less hazardous substance, material, replace with less hazardous substance, material,

plant or equipmentplant or equipment– exclude non essential personnelexclude non essential personnel



– Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls– enclose processenclose process– automate all or part of the processautomate all or part of the process– use local exhaust ventilationuse local exhaust ventilation– fit guardingfit guarding– implement inspection & test regimeimplement inspection & test regime– implement preventative maintenanceimplement preventative maintenance



– Policy/Procedural ControlsPolicy/Procedural Controls– reduce exposure (e.g. job rotation)reduce exposure (e.g. job rotation)– written safe system of workwritten safe system of work– regular workplace inspectionsregular workplace inspections– emergency arrangementsemergency arrangements– pre-employment medicalspre-employment medicals– health surveillance programmehealth surveillance programme– use of PPE (last resort)use of PPE (last resort)


Risk Assessment FormsRisk Assessment FormsHazard Form

Risk Form

Corrective Form

Risk Level Indicator

Risk Level Control

COSHH

DSE

Manual Handling


Risk ReviewRisk Review• Will the Controls Lead to an Acceptable Will the Controls Lead to an Acceptable

Level of Risk?Level of Risk?• Will Any New Hazards be Created?Will Any New Hazards be Created?• Has the Most Cost Effective Solution Been Has the Most Cost Effective Solution Been

Chosen?Chosen?• Will the Controls be Used?Will the Controls be Used?


Benefits of Risk AssessmentBenefits of Risk Assessment• Reduction in Injuries & Ill HealthReduction in Injuries & Ill Health• Reduction in Lost TimeReduction in Lost Time• Reduction in ClaimsReduction in Claims• Reduction in Insurance PremiumsReduction in Insurance Premiums• Improved Employee MoraleImproved Employee Morale


Benefits of Risk AssessmentBenefits of Risk Assessment• More Efficient ProcessesMore Efficient Processes• Increased ProductivityIncreased Productivity• Customer SatisfactionCustomer Satisfaction• PrestigePrestige• Legal ComplianceLegal Compliance

Risk Assessment b b Introduction ObjectivesObjectives –Appreciate the Legal Requirements for Risk...

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